Proverbs 26:27 — Word Study
WLCכֹּֽרֶה־ שַּׁ֭חַת בָּ֣הּ יִפֹּ֑ל וְגֹ֥לֵ֥ל אֶ֝בֶן אֵלָ֥יו תָּשֽׁוּב׃
BSAHe who digskârâh [to excavate, pierce] a pitshachath [a grave, destruction] will fallnâphal▸ [to be defeated, come to ruin] and he who rollsgâlal [to move in a rolling motion] a stoneʼeben [a rock, a weight] will have it roll backshûwb▸ [to return, turn back] on himʼêl [toward himself, against him]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כֹּֽרֶה־ | [one who] digs | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| שַּׁ֭חַת | a pit | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| בָּ֣הּ | in it | Preposition, suffix |
| יִפֹּ֑ל | he will fall | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וְגֹ֥לֵ֥ל | and [one who] rolls | Conjunction, verb qal participle (active) masculine singular |
| אֶ֝בֶן | a stone | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| אֵלָ֥יו | to him | Preposition, suffix |
| תָּשֽׁוּב׃ | it will return | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone will have it roll back on him. |
| KJV | Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him. |
| ASV | Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein; And he that rolleth a stone, it shall return upon him. |
| YLT | Whoso is digging a pit falleth into it, And the roller of a stone, to him it turneth. |
| WEB | Whoever digs a pit shall fall into it. Whoever rolls a stone, it will come back on him. |
| BBE | He who makes a hole in the earth will himself go falling into it: and on him by whom a stone is rolled the stone will come back again. |
The translations agree on the core meaning of the verse, emphasizing the consequences of one's actions.
The structure consists of two main clauses connected by 'and', illustrating the parallel consequences of actions.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbכָּרָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 26:27
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Consequences of Wickednessgenerated
Proverbs 26:27 warns that those who plot harm against others will ultimately face the consequences of their actions. This verse is part of a larger discourse on the nature of deceitful behavior and the inevitable downfall that follows. It reflects the wisdom literature's emphasis on moral order and justice, where the wicked are ensnared by their own schemes, as also seen in Proverbs 28:10 and Psalm 7:15-16.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 28:10 | He who leads the upright along the path of evil will fall into his own pit, but the blameless will inherit what is good. |
| 2 | Esther 7:10 | So they hanged Haman on the gallows he had prepared for Mordecai. Then the fury of the king subsided. |
| 3 | Psalm 7:15–16 | He has dug a hole and hollowed it out; he has fallen into a pit of his own making. |
| 4 | Psalm 9:15 | The nations have fallen into a pit of their making; their feet are caught in the net they have hidden. |
| 5 | Psalm 10:2 | In pride the wicked pursue the needy; let them be caught in the schemes they devise. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כֹּֽרֶה־, ko.re.ho.Sha-generated
The word כֹּֽרֶה־ (ko.re.ho.Sha-) is a participle form of the verb כָּרָה (ka.rah), meaning 'to dig' or 'to excavate'. It is used in both literal and figurative contexts, often implying a sense of plotting or scheming against someone.
In this verse, it indicates the active role of a person who is digging a pit, suggesting intent and premeditation. The participial form emphasizes ongoing action, highlighting the continuous nature of such treachery.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree that the one who digs a pit will fall into it, maintaining the core meaning of the original Hebrew.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The sentence structure centers around two main clauses connected by 'and'. The finite verbs are יִפֹּ֑ל (he will fall) and תָּשֽׁוּב (it will return), each governing their respective phrases.
The first clause describes the action of digging a pit and the resulting consequence, while the second clause describes rolling a stone and its repercussions. This parallel structure emphasizes the reciprocal nature of actions and consequences.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שַּׁ֭חַת as βόθρον (bóthron), which means 'pit'. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew, maintaining the imagery of a pit as a place of downfall.
The use of ἐμπεσεῖται for יִפֹּ֑ל suggests a similar understanding of falling into danger, reinforcing the theme of self-inflicted consequences.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 26:27 teaches that those who try to harm others will end up facing the consequences of their actions. If someone digs a pit for someone else, they will fall into it themselves, and if they roll a stone, it will roll back on them.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To dig a pit means to create a trap or a scheme to harm someone, often leading to one's own downfall.
Rolling a stone symbolizes taking actions that may seem harmless but can backfire, causing harm to the one who initiated the action.
The overall message is that treachery and deceit often lead to self-destruction, emphasizing the moral principle that one reaps what they sow.
Yes, similar themes can be found in other proverbs, such as Proverbs 28:10 and Psalm 7:15-16, which also highlight the consequences of wicked actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some ways I might unintentionally dig a pit for myself or others?
- How can I ensure my actions do not come back to harm me?
- What lessons can I learn from the consequences faced by those who act deceitfully?
- In what ways can I promote honesty and integrity in my interactions with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers referenced this verse to illustrate the principle that those who plot against others will ultimately face their own downfall.
“He that digs a pit for his neighbor shall fall into it.” And this happened even then. For they wished to destroy [Jesus] in order to suppress his preaching, but just the opposite took place.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 26 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 26:27 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWhoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein,.... That devises mischief against others, it shall come upon himself.
Read John Gill on Proverbs 26 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWhoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 26 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWhoso diggeth a pit, that another may fall into it. It is a metaphor from hunters, who used to dig deep pits, and then to cover them slightly with earth, that wild beasts passing that way might fall into them, and sometimes in the heat of pursuit fell into them themselves. That rolleth a stone, to wit, up the hill, with design to do mischief to some person or thing with it.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 26 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 26:27 Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him.Ver. 27. Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall thereinto.] This is the same with Psalms 7:15, from which it seems to be taken; Heathen writers have many proverbs to like purpose. See Erasm. Chiliad. And he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him.] Cardinal Benno relates a memorable story of Pope Hildebrand, or Gregory VII, that he hired a base fellow to lay a great stone upon a beam in the church where Henry IV, the emperor, used to pray, and so to lay it that it might fall as from the top of the church upon the emperor’ s head, and kill him. But while this wretch was attempting to do…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 26 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(27) Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein,—A simile taken from hunters making pits as traps for wild animals. The same doctrine of retribution being brought upon the sinner’s head by God the righteous Judge is taught in Psalms 7:11, sqq.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 26 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 27. Whoso diggeth a pit] See Clarke on Psalms 7:15. There is a Latin proverb like this: Malum consilium consultori pessimum, "A bad counsel, but worst to the giver." Harm watch; harm catch.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 26 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRolleth a stone - The illustration refers, probably, to the use made of stones in the rough warfare of an earlier age. Compare Judges 9:53; 2 Samuel 11:21. The man is supposed to be rolling the stone up to the heights.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 26 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible27. Diggeth a pit — That is, with evil intent. Shall fall therein — There are many facts illustrative of this proverb. Wicked men often involve themselves in the mischief they intend for others.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 26 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone will have it roll back on him.
Whoever digs a pit shall fall into it. Whoever rolls a stone, it will come back on him.
He who digs a pit will fall into it, and he who rolls a stone will have it roll back on him.
The one who digs a pit will fall into it; the one who rolls a stone – it will come back on him.
Tyndale line
Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him.
Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein; And he that rolleth a stone, it shall return upon him.
Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein: and he that rolleth a stone, it shall return upon him.
Whoever diggeth a pit shall fall into it: and he that rolleth a stone, it will return upon him.
He that diggeth a pit shall fall therein, and he that rolleth a stone, it shall returne vnto him.
Strictly literal
Whoso diggeth a pit shall fall therein; and he that rolleth a stone, it shall return upon him.
Whoso is digging a pit falleth into it, And the roller of a stone, to him it turneth.
Whoever is digging a pit falls into it, || And the roller of a stone, it turns to him.
Whoso diggeth a pit will fall therein; and upon him that rolleth a stone, will it return.
Whoever digs a pit will fall into it and the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it.
From the Latin
He that diggeth a pit, shall fall into it: and he that rolleth a stone, it shall return to him.
Simplified
Those who dig pits to trap others will fall in themselves, and those who start boulders rolling will be crushed themselves.
He who makes a hole in the earth will himself go falling into it: and on him by whom a stone is rolled the stone will come back again.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with six out of eight words matched. The Septuagint's structure and articles differ, but the core message remains consistent across both texts.
כֹּֽרֶה־ שַּׁ֭חַת בָּ֣הּ יִפֹּ֑ל וְגֹ֥לֵ֥ל אֶ֝בֶן אֵלָ֥יו תָּשֽׁוּב׃
6 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 26:27
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כוּר (khur) and כָּרָה (ka.rah) are Hebrew roots primarily meaning to dig or excavate. They can also imply figurative actions like plotting. The entries note that כוּר appears in Psalm 22:17, while כָּרָה can refer to digging graves or pits, with a figurative sense related to judgment.
[כוּר] vb. mng. dub., perh. bore, or dig, or hew—only Qal ψ 22:17
ref
כָּרָה vb. dig
Qal dig a grave; a well; a pit
Niph. until the pit be digged of the wicked, fig. of judgment.
base
H3738a כוּר mng. dub., perh. bore, or dig, or hew H3738b כָּרָה dig
3738 karah kaw-raw'
a primitive root; properly, to dig; figuratively, to plot;
generally, to bore or open:--dig, X make (a banquet), open.
כוּר (khur) — to dig.
1) to dig, excavate, dig through, cut
1a) (Qal) to dig
כָּרָה (ka.rah) — to pierce.
1) to pierce, excavate, dig through
1a) (Qal) to dig
1b) (Niphal) to be dug
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
The Hebrew word שַׁ֫חַת (shachath) means 'pit' and is derived from a root that suggests destruction or corruption. It covers a range of meanings including a physical pit, grave, and figuratively, hell or destruction. The entries note its use in contexts related to traps and Sheol, the grave.
שַׁ֫חַת n.f. pit
base
H7845 שַׁ֫חַת pit
7845 shachath shakh'-ath
from 7743; a pit (especially as a trap); figuratively,
destruction:--corruption, destruction, ditch, grave, pit.
see HEBREW for 07743
שַׁ֫חַת (sha.chat) — Pit: hell.
Pit, of hell
Another name of she.ol (שְׁאוֹל "Sheol" H7585)
This name means pit, grave
שַׁ֫חַת (sha.chat) — pit: grave.
1) pit, destruction, grave
1a) pit (for catching lions)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The word translates different Hebrew words of which the most important are:
(1) bor, "pit" or "cistern," made by digging, (Ge 37:20); hence, "dungeon" (Jer 38:6, margin "pit");
(2) be'er, "pit" or "well" made by digging (Ge 21:25);
(3) she'ol, generally rendered "hell" in the King James Version (see HELL);
Pit
A hole in the ground (Ex. 21:33, 34), a cistern for water (Gen. 37:24; Jer. 14:3), a vault (41:9), a grave (Ps. 30:3). It is used as a figure for mischief (Ps. 9:15), and is the name given to the unseen place of woe (Rev. 20:1, 3). The slime-pits in the vale of Siddim were wells which yielded asphalt (Gen. 14:10).
[HELL]
A reservoir, either natural or artificial, for water. Pits were sometimes used as dungeons, Ge 37:20; Jer 38:6; or being slightly covered, and baited, they served as traps to catch wild beasts, a device which illustrates the plots of designing men and women, Ps 119:85; Pr 22:14; 26:27; Eze 19:4. The word pit is also used to denote the grave, Ps 28:1; 30:3,9; and hell, Re 20:1.
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
HR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3fs
נָפַל (naphal) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to fall,' encompassing a wide range of applications, including falling by accident, experiencing violent death, or going to ruin. It can also refer to prostrating oneself, attacking, or causing someone to fall. The term appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, often indicating physical or metaphorical downfall.
נָפַל 433 vb. fall, lie
Qal 366
fall, by accident
Esp. of violent death
fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
fig. = experience calamity
fall, of a city
Fall prostrate
fall = prostrate oneself before
fall upon one's neck, in embrace
Fall upon = attack
desert or fall away to, go over to
Fig., of deep sleep
Other idiomatic uses
= lie; = lie prostrate
Hiph.
cause to fall
Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
Esp. of casting lot
Fig., let drop, cause to fail
cause deep sleep to fall
Other idioms
Hithp. throw, or prostrate oneself
base
H5307 נָפַל fall, lie .. fall, by accident
. . Esp. of violent death
. fig. = go to ruin, perish, etc.
. fig. = experience calamity
. fall, of a city
. . Fall prostrate
. fall = prostrate oneself before
. fall upon one's neck, in embrace
. . Fall upon = attack
. desert or fall away to, go over to
. Fig., of deep sleep
. Other idiomatic uses
. = lie; = lie prostrate
. . cause to fall
. Of causing death; = overthrow, bring to destruction
. Esp. of casting lot
. Fig., let drop, cause to fail
. cause deep sleep to fall
. Other idioms
. throw, or prostrate oneself
5307 naphal naw-fal'
a primitive root; to fall, in a great variety of applications
(intransitive or causative, literal or figurative):--be
accepted, cast (down, self, (lots), out), cease, die, divide
(by lot), (let) fail, (cause to, let, make, ready to) fall
(away, down, -en, -ing), fell(-ing), fugitive, have
(inheritance), inferior, be judged (by mistake for 6419), lay
(along), (cause to) lie down, light (down), be (X hast) lost,
lying, overthrow, overwhelm, perish, present(-ed, -ing), (make
to) rot, slay, smite out, X surely, throw down.
see HEBREW for 06419
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: fall.
: fall/drop/fail
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
1a3) to fall prostrate, prostrate oneself before
1a4) to fall upon, attack, desert, fall away to, go away to, fall into the hand of
1a5) to fall short, fail, fall out, turn out, result
1a6) to settle, waste away, be offered, be inferior to
1a7) to lie, lie prostrate
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to fall, fell, throw down, knock out, lay prostrate
1b2) to overthrow
1b3) to make the lot fall, assign by lot, apportion by lot
1b4) to let drop, cause to fail (fig.)
1b5) to cause to fall
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to throw or prostrate oneself, throw oneself upon
1c2) to lie prostrate, prostrate oneself
1d) (Pilel) to fall
נָפַל (na.phal) — to fall: deserting.
: deserting
1) to fall, lie, be cast down, fail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to fall
1a2) to fall (of violent death)
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
fol (vb.): The idea of falling is most frequently expressed in Hebrew by naphal, but also by many other words; in Greek by pipto, and its compounds. The uses of the word in Scripture are very varied. There is the literal falling by descent; the falling of the countenance in sorrow, shame, anger, etc. (Ge 4:5,6); the falling in battle (Ge 14:10; Nu 14:3, etc.); the falling into trouble, etc. (Pr 24:16,17); prostration in supplication and reverence (Ge 17:3; Nu 14:5, etc.); falling of the Spirit of Yahweh (Eze 11:5…
גָּלַל (galal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to roll, with various nuances including rolling away, rolling down, and rolling together. It appears in different forms, such as Qal (to roll), Niph (to roll up), and Hiphil (to roll away). The word conveys both literal and figurative actions, and its Aramaic equivalent is גְּלָל (H1560).
[גָּלַל] vb. roll, roll away
Qal roll a stone
Niph. roll, roll up or along
Pilp. and I will roll thee down from the rocks
Pō‛al garment rolled (dabbed, rolled over and over) in blood.
Hithpo. roll oneself over and over
Hithpalp. cf. Hithpo.
Hiph. roll away stone from upon mouth of well
base
H1556 [גָּלַל] roll, roll away
1556 galal gaw-lal'
a primitive root; to roll (literally or
figuratively):--commit, remove, roll (away, down, together),
run down, seek occasion, trust, wallow.
גָּלַל (ga.lal) — to roll.
1) to roll, roll away, roll down, roll together
1a) (Qal) to roll
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to roll up
1b2) to flow down
1c) (Pilpel) to roll
1d) (Poal) to be rolled
1e) (Hithpoel) to roll oneself
1f) (Hithpalpel) to roll oneself
1g) (Hiphil) to roll away
Aramaic equivalent: ge.lal (גְּלָל "great" H1560)
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singularHC/Vqrmsa
The Hebrew word אֶ֫בֶן (*eben*) means 'stone' and encompasses various types, including common stones, precious stones, and stones used as weights or tools. It can also refer to metaphorical uses, such as a hardened heart or sinking in water. The entries highlight its physical and symbolic significance, with no notable disagreements among lexicons.
אֶ֫בֶן 274 n.f. stone
in natural state
stone, as material
precious stone, gen. with modifying word
stone containing metal, = ore
a weight, as orig. stone
plummet
objects like stone
in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
In topogr. terms
base
H68 אֶ֫בֶן stone . in natural state
. stone, as material
. precious stone, gen. with modifying word
. stone containing metal, = ore
. a weight, as orig. stone
. plummet
. objects like stone
. in sim. (mostly poet.) of sinking in water
. In topogr. terms
68 'eben eh'-ben
from the root of 1129 through the meaning to build; a
stone:--+ carbuncle, + mason, + plummet, (chalk-, hail-,
head-, sling-)stone(-ny), (divers) weight(-s).
see HEBREW for 01129
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone.
: stone
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
1e) weight
1f) plummet (stones of destruction) also made of metal
1g) stonelike objects, eg hailstones, stony heart, ice
1h) sacred object, as memorial Samuel set up to mark where God helped Israel to defeat the Philistines
1i) (simile)
1i1) sinking in water, motionlessness
1i2) strength, firmness, solidity
1i3) commonness
1j) (metaph)
1j1) petrified with terror
1j2) perverse, hard heart
אֶ֫בֶן (e.ven) — stone: weight.
: weight
1) stone (large or small)
1a) common stone (in natural state)
1b) stone, as material
1b1) of tablets
1b2) marble, hewn stones
1c) precious stones, stones of fire
1d) stones containing metal (ore), tool for work or weapon
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Stone
Stones were commonly used for buildings, also as memorials of important events (Gen. 28:18; Josh. 24:26, 27; 1 Sam. 7:12, etc.). They were gathered out of cultivated fields (Isa. 5:2; comp. 2 Kings 3:19). This word is also used figuratively of believers (1 Pet. 2:4, 5), and of the Messiah (Ps. 118:22; Isa. 28:16; Matt. 21:42; Acts 4:11, etc.). In…
The allusion in Re 2:17 may be to the practice at the Olympic games of giving the successful competitor a white stone, inscribed with his name and the value of his prize; or to the mode of balloting with black and white stones on the question of the acquittal of an accused person, or his admission to certain privileges; if the stones deposited in the urn by the judges were all white, the decision was favorable. In early ages, flint-stone knives were in common use, instead of steel, Ex 4:25 Jos 5:2.
It was also customary to raise a heap or mound of stones in commemoration of any remarkable event, Ge 31:46 Jos 4:5-7 7:26 8:29…
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularHVqi3fs
