Numbers 28:13 — Word Study
WLCוְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן עִשָּׂר֗וֹן סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד עֹלָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃
BSAand a tenth [of an ephah]ʻissârôwn [one tenth part, a tithe] of fine flourçôleth [wheat flour used for offerings] mixedbâlal with oilshemen [olive oil] as a grain offeringminchâh [a gift or donation] with eachʼechâd lambkebes [a young ram] This is a burnt offeringʻôlâh [a step or stairs to the altar] a pleasingnîychôwach aromarêyach [a sweet fragrance] a food offeringʼishshâh to the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן | and a tenth [of an ephah] | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| עִשָּׂר֗וֹן | a tenth [of an ephah] | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| סֹ֤לֶת | fine flour | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| מִנְחָה֙ | a grain offering | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| בְּלוּלָ֣ה | mixed | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine singular |
| בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן | with oil | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ | for the lamb | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| הָאֶחָ֑ד | one | Particle |
| עֹלָה֙ | a burnt offering | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| רֵ֣יחַ | an odor of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| נִיחֹ֔חַ | soothing | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אִשֶּׁ֖ה | a fire offering | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| לַיהוָֽה׃ | to Yahweh | Preposition, noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD. |
| KJV | And a several tenth deal of flour mingled with oil for a meat offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD. |
| ASV | and a tenth part of fine flour mingled with oil for a meal-offering unto every lamb; for a burnt-offering of a sweet savor, an offering made by fire unto Jehovah. |
| YLT | and a several tenth deal of flour, a present, mixed with oil, for the one lamb; a burnt-offering, a sweet fragrance, a fire-offering to Jehovah; |
| WEB | and one tenth part of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering to every lamb, as a burnt offering of a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh. |
| BBE | And a separate tenth part of the best meal mixed with oil for a meal offering for every lamb; for a burned offering of a sweet smell, an offering made by fire to the Lord. |
Where they part company is מִנְחָה — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause detailing the offering, with additional phrases specifying its components and purpose.
3 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
verbבָּלַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Numbers 28:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for Offeringsgenerated
Numbers 28:13 provides detailed instructions on the offerings to be made to the LORD, particularly focusing on the grain offerings that accompany burnt offerings. These offerings are part of the sacrificial system established for the Israelites, emphasizing the importance of giving back to God as an expression of faith and worship. The context includes various offerings made alongside lambs, bulls, and rams, showing the structured nature of worship in ancient Israel.
Cross References
The Key Word — מִנְחָה, min.Chahgenerated
The word מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a grain offering, which is a type of gift or donation presented to God. It is derived from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, indicating a donation or present, especially in a religious context. This term is frequently used in the Old Testament to describe various offerings, particularly those that do not involve blood.
In this verse, it signifies a specific offering of fine flour mixed with oil, highlighting the importance of this act as part of the sacrificial system. The grain offering represents the people's gratitude and devotion to God, reinforcing their covenant relationship.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb בְּלוּלָ֣ה (mixed) governs the structure of the verse, indicating the action taken with the flour and oil. The sentence is built around this verb, with several noun phrases detailing the components of the offering.
The main components include the quantity of flour, the mixing with oil, and the purpose of the offering, which is described as a burnt offering. The structure emphasizes the specific requirements for the grain offering in relation to the lamb.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, מִנְחָה is rendered as σύνθεσις (synthesis), which suggests a composition or mixture. This choice reflects an interpretation that emphasizes the blending of ingredients in the offering, aligning with the Hebrew meaning of mixing flour with oil.
The use of σεμιδάλεως for fine flour indicates a focus on quality, as this term is often associated with offerings that are pure and refined.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Numbers 28:13 describes the grain offering to be made with each lamb. It specifies that a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil is to accompany the lamb, representing a gift to God. This offering is a burnt offering, which is pleasing to the LORD.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
A grain offering is a type of offering made to God, typically consisting of fine flour mixed with oil, symbolizing gratitude and devotion.
The mixture represents the best of the harvest, showing the offeror's dedication and the importance of presenting quality offerings to God.
A 'pleasing aroma' indicates that the offering is accepted by God, symbolizing His favor and the worshiper's devotion.
This verse is part of the guidelines for the sacrificial system, illustrating how different offerings are to be made to maintain a right relationship with God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to me to offer something to God?
- How can I ensure that my offerings, whether time, resources, or talents, are of the best quality?
- In what ways can I express my gratitude to God through acts of service or giving?
- How does understanding the significance of offerings in the Old Testament enhance my appreciation for worship today?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Numbers 28:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd three tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one bullock; and two tenth deals of flour for a meat offering, mingled with oil, for one ram; No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 28 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesChapters 28, 29. P The amounts of public offerings at the sacred seasons The following are the seasons for which offerings are enjoined:—(1) every morning and evening (Numbers 28:3-8), (2) the Sabbath (Numbers 28:9 f.), (3) the first day of each month (Numbers 28:11-15) [the Passover is mentioned Numbers 28:16), but no offering is commanded], (4) the seven days of Unleavened Cakes (Numbers 28:17-25), (5) the Feast of Weeks (Numbers 28:26-31), (6) the first day of the sacred seventh month, i.e. the Feast of Trumpets (Numbers 29:1-6), (7) the tenth day of the seventh month, i.e. the Day of Atonement (Numbers 29:7-11), (8) the fifteenth to the twenty-first day of the seventh month, i.e. the…
Read Cambridge on Numbers 28 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible13. A several tenth deal — A tenth of an ephah for each lamb.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the LORD.
and one tenth part of fine flour mixed with oil for a meal offering to every lamb, as a burnt offering of a pleasant aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
and a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering with each lamb. This is a burnt offering, a pleasing aroma, a food offering to the LORD.
and one-tenth of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for each lamb, as a burnt offering for a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord.
Tyndale line
And a several tenth deal of flour mingled with oil for a meat offering unto one lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto the LORD.
and a tenth part of fine flour mingled with oil for a meal-offering unto every lamb; for a burnt-offering of a sweet savor, an offering made by fire unto Jehovah.
and a several tenth part of fine flour mingled with oil for a meal offering unto every lamb; for a burnt offering of a sweet savour, an offering made by fire unto the LORD.
And a several tenth-part of flour mingled with oil for a meat-offering to one lamb, for a burnt-offering of a sweet savor, a sacrifice made by fire to the LORD.
And a tenth deale of fine floure mingled with oyle for a meate offring vnto one lambe: for a burnt offring of sweete sauour: it is an offring made by fire vnto the Lord.
Strictly literal
and a tenth part of fine flour mingled with oil as an oblation for each lamb: [it is] a burnt-offering of a sweet odour, an offering by fire to Jehovah.
and a several tenth deal of flour, a present, mixed with oil, for the one lamb; a burnt-offering, a sweet fragrance, a fire-offering to Jehovah;
and a tenth—a tenth part of flour, a present mixed with oil, for one lamb, [for] a burnt-offering, a refreshing fragrance, a fire-offering to YHWH;
And a tenth part of fine flour mingled with oil for a meat-offering for every sheep: as a burnt-offering for a sweet savor, a sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord.
You must also offer a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a grain offering for each lamb. This is to be the burnt offering, to produce a sweet aroma, an offering made by fire to Yahweh.
From the Latin
And the tenth of a tenth of flour tempered with oil in sacrifice for every lamb. It is a holocaust of most sweet odour and an offering by fire to the Lord.
Simplified
and one tenth of an ephah of the best flour mixed with olive oil for each of the lambs. This is a burnt offering acceptable to the Lord.
And a separate tenth part of the best meal mixed with oil for a meal offering for every lamb; for a burned offering of a sweet smell, an offering made by fire to the Lord.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as stating that a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil is to be offered with each lamb as a burnt offering to the LORD. The Samaritan Pentateuch agrees with the Masoretic Text word for word, confirming the details of the offering. The Septuagint matches 11 out of the 13 words found in the Masoretic Text, although its word order and articles differ, indicating a similar but distinct translation. The Dead Sea Scrolls contain only one word from this verse, 'ליהוה' (to the LORD), and do not provide additional context or content from the rest of the verse.
וְעִשָּׂרֹ֣ן עִשָּׂר֗וֹן סֹ֤לֶת מִנְחָה֙ בְּלוּלָ֣ה בַשֶּׁ֔מֶן לַכֶּ֖בֶשׂ הָאֶחָ֑ד עֹלָה֙ רֵ֣יחַ נִיחֹ֔חַ אִשֶּׁ֖ה לַיהוָֽה׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ועשׂרון עשׂרון סלת מנחה בלולה בשׁמן לכבשׂ האחד עלה ריח ניחח אשׁה ליהוה
Agrees with the Masoretic Text here, word for word.
ליהוה
1 word of the verse is on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Numbers 28:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עִשָּׂרוֹן (issarown) refers to a fractional measure, specifically a tenth part or tithe. It is derived from the root meaning to divide, and is used in contexts such as Leviticus 14:10, where it denotes a tenth of an ephah. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a tenth.
H6241 עִשָּׂרוֹן
6241 `issarown is-saw-rone'
or oissaron {is-saw-rone'}; from 6235; (fractional) a tenth
part:--tenth deal.
see HEBREW for 06235
עִשָּׂרוֹן (is.sa.ron) — tenth.
tenth part, tithe
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
Ephah
Gloom. (1.) One of the five sons of Midian, and grandson of Abraham (Gen. 25:4). The city of Ephah, to which he gave his name, is mentioned Isa. 60:6, 7. This city, with its surrounding territory, formed part of Midian, on the east shore of the Dead Sea. It abounded in dromedaries and camels (Judg. 6:5).
(2.) 1 Chr. 2:46, a concubine of Caleb.
(3.) 1 Chr. 2:47, a descendant of Judah.
Ephah, a word of Egyptian origin, meaning measure; a grain measure containing “three seahs or ten omers,” and equivalent to the bath for liquids (Ex. 16:36;
[WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND MEASURES]
1. A measure of capacity used among the Hebrews, containing three pecks and three pints. The Ephah was a dry measure, as of barley, Ru 2:17; and meal, Nu 5:15 Jud 6:19; and was of the same capacity with the bath in liquids. See BATH, or Ephah.
2. The son of Midian, and grandson of Abraham, Ge 25:4, who settled and gave his name to a region in Arabia supposed to have been near Midian, Isa 60:6.
weary; tired
עִשָּׂרוֹן (issarown) refers to a fractional measure, specifically a tenth part or tithe. It is derived from the root meaning to divide, and is used in contexts such as Leviticus 14:10, where it denotes a tenth of an ephah. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to a tenth.
H6241 עִשָּׂרוֹן
6241 `issarown is-saw-rone'
or oissaron {is-saw-rone'}; from 6235; (fractional) a tenth
part:--tenth deal.
see HEBREW for 06235
עִשָּׂרוֹן (is.sa.ron) — tenth.
tenth part, tithe
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
Ephah
Gloom. (1.) One of the five sons of Midian, and grandson of Abraham (Gen. 25:4). The city of Ephah, to which he gave his name, is mentioned Isa. 60:6, 7. This city, with its surrounding territory, formed part of Midian, on the east shore of the Dead Sea. It abounded in dromedaries and camels (Judg. 6:5).
(2.) 1 Chr. 2:46, a concubine of Caleb.
(3.) 1 Chr. 2:47, a descendant of Judah.
Ephah, a word of Egyptian origin, meaning measure; a grain measure containing “three seahs or ten omers,” and equivalent to the bath for liquids (Ex. 16:36;
[WEIGHTS AND MEASURES AND MEASURES]
1. A measure of capacity used among the Hebrews, containing three pecks and three pints. The Ephah was a dry measure, as of barley, Ru 2:17; and meal, Nu 5:15 Jud 6:19; and was of the same capacity with the bath in liquids. See BATH, or Ephah.
2. The son of Midian, and grandson of Abraham, Ge 25:4, who settled and gave his name to a region in Arabia supposed to have been near Midian, Isa 60:6.
weary; tired
סֹ֫לֶת (solet) refers to fine flour, derived from a root meaning to strip, suggesting a process of refinement. The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its use in contexts related to meal or flour in the Old Testament.
סֹ֫לֶת 53 n.f. fine flour
base
H5560 סֹ֫לֶת fine flour
5560 coleth so'-leth
from an unused root meaning to strip; flour (as chipped
off):--(fine) flour, meal.
סֹ֫לֶת (so.let) — fine flour.
fine flour
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
flour.
See BREAD; FOOD.
Flour
Grain reduced to the form of meal is spoken of in the time of Abraham (Gen. 18:6). As baking was a daily necessity, grain was also ground daily at the mills (Jer. 25:10). The flour mingled with water was kneaded in kneading-troughs, and sometimes leaven (Ex. 12:34) was added and sometimes omitted (Gen. 19:3). The dough was then formed into thin cakes nine or ten inches in diameter and baked in the oven.
Fine flour was offered by the poor as a sin-offering (Lev. 5:11-13), and also in connection with other sacrifices (Num. 15:3-12; 28:7-29).
[BREAD]
→ See BARLEY
→ See BREAD
→ See OFFERING
→ See WHEAT
מִנְחָה (minchah) refers to a gift or offering, particularly in a religious context. It encompasses a range of meanings including tribute, voluntary offerings, and specifically bloodless sacrifices, often grain offerings. The term is derived from a root meaning to apportion or bestow, indicating a donation or present, especially to God.
מִנְחָה 153 n.f. gift, tribute, offering
gift, present
tribute
offering made to God, of any kind, whether grain or animals
grain offering
grain-offering, always with this meaning in P
vbs. of offering are
base
H4503 מִנְחָה gift, tribute, offering
4503 minchah min-khaw'
from an unused root meaning to apportion, i.e. bestow; a
donation; euphemistically, tribute; specifically a sacrificial
offering (usually bloodless and voluntary):--gift, oblation,
(meat) offering, present, sacrifice.
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering.
: offering/sacrifice
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: gift.
: gift
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
מִנְחָה (min.chah) — offering: tribute.
: tribute
1) gift, tribute, offering, present, oblation, sacrifice, meat offering
1a) gift, present
1b) tribute
1c) offering (to God)
1d) grain offering
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Offering
An oblation, dedicated to God. Thus Cain consecrated to God of the first-fruits of the earth, and Abel of the firstlings of the flock (Gen. 4:3, 4). Under the Levitical system different kinds of offerings are specified, and laws laid down as to their presentation. These are described under their distinctive names.
In the Hebrew, an offering, minchah, is distinguished from a sacrifice, zebah, as being bloodless. In our version, however, the word offering is often used for a sacrifice, as in the case of peace offerings, sin offerings, etc. Of the proper offerings, that is, the unbloody offerings, some accompanied the sacrifices, as flour, wine, salt; others were not connected with any sacrifices. Like the sacrifices, some, as the first fruits and tenths, were obligatory; other were voluntary offerings of devotion. Various sorts of offerings are enumerated in the books of Moses. Among these are,
1. Fine flour, or meal;
2. Cakes baked in an oven;
3. Cakes baked on a plate or shallow pan;
4. Cakes cooked in deep vessel by frying in oil, (English version, "frying pan," though some understand here a gridiron or a plate with holes;)
בָּלַל (balal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to mix, mingle, or confuse. It can also refer to feeding animals, derived from a primitive root that implies overflowing, particularly with oil. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Hithpoel, and Hiphil, covering actions like mingling among people or fading away. Notably, it is linked to the concept of providing fodder.
בָּלַל vb. mingle, mix, confuse, confound
Qal
mingle, confuse
mix
Hithpo. Ephraim, among the peoples doth he mix himself
Hiph. and we faded away
base
בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender Ju 19:21
ref
H1101a בָּלַל mingle, mix, confuse, confound . mingle, confuse
. mix
H1101b בָּלַל vb. denom. to give provender
1101 balal baw-lal'
a primitive root; to overflow (specifically with oil.); by
implication, to mix; also (denominatively from 1098) to
fodder:--anoint, confound, X fade, mingle, mix (self), give
provender, temper.
see HEBREW for 01098
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to mix.
1) to mix, mingle, confuse, confound
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to mingle, confuse
1a2) to mix
1b) (Hithpoel) to mix oneself (among others)
1c) (Hiphil) to fade away
בָּלַל (ba.lal) — to feed.
to give provender, feed (animals)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singularHVqsfsa
שֶׁ֫מֶן (shemen) refers to fat or oil, particularly olive oil, and includes meanings related to richness and anointing. It is derived from the root word for grease and can also metaphorically describe fertile land. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts like medicinal applications and anointing.
שֶׁ֫מֶן 192 n.m. fat, oil
base
H8081 שֶׁ֫מֶן fat, oil
8081 shemen sheh'-men
from 8080; grease, especially liquid (as from the olive,
often perfumed); figuratively, richness:--anointing, X fat
(things), X fruitful, oil((-ed)), ointment, olive, + pine.
see HEBREW for 08080
שֶׁ֫מֶן (she.men) — oil.
1) fat, oil
1a) fat, fatness
1b) oil, olive oil
1b1) as staple, medicament or unguent
1b2) for anointing
1c) fat (of fruitful land, valleys) (metaph)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
oil (shemen; elaion):
1. Terms
2. Production and Storage
3. Uses
(1) As a Commodity of Exchange
(2) As a Cosmetic
(3) As a Medicine
(4) As a Food
(5) As an Illuminant
(6) In Religious Rites
(a) Consecration
(b) Offerings
(c) Burials
4. Figurative Uses
Shemen, literally, "fat," corresponds to the common Arabic senin of similar meaning, although now applied to boiled butter fat.
1. Terms:
Another Hebrew word, zayith (zeth), "olive," occurs with shemen in several passages (Ex 27:20; 30:24; Le 24:2). The corresponding Arabic zeit, a contraction of zeitun, which is the name for the olive tree as well as the fruit, is now applied to oils in general, to distinguish them from solid fats. Zeit usually means olive oil, unless some qualifying name indicates another oil. A corresponding use was made of…
Oil
Only olive oil seems to have been used among the Hebrews. It was used for many purposes: for anointing the body or the hair (Ex. 29:7; 2 Sam. 14:2; Ps. 23:5; 92:10; 104:15; Luke 7:46); in some of the offerings (Ex. 29:40; Lev. 7:12; Num. 6:15; 15:4), but was excluded from the sin-offering (Lev. 5:11) and the jealousy-offering (Num. 5:15); for burning in lamps (
Of the numerous substances, animal and vegetable, which were known to the ancients as yielding oil, the olive berry is the one of which most frequent mention is made in the Scriptures. Gathering , --The olive berry was either gathered by hand or shaken off carefully with a light reed or stick. Pressing . --In order to make oil the fruit, was either bruised in a mortar crushed in a press loaded with wood or stones, ground in a mill, or trodden with the feet. The "beaten" oil of (Exodus 27:20; 29:40; Leviticus 24:2; Numbers 28:6) was probably made by bruising in a mortar, It was used-- (1) As food. Dried wheat, boiled with either butter or oil, but generally the former, is a common dish for all classes in Syria. (
Was employed from the earliest periods in the east, not only for the purpose of consecration, but to anoint the head, the beard, and the whole person in daily life, Ge 28:18. See ANOINTING. It was also universally used for food, Eze 16:13. Fresh and sweet olive oil was greatly preferred to butter and animal fat as a seasoning for food, and to this day in Syria almost every kind of food is cooked with oil. It had a place also among the meat-offerings in the temple, being usually mixed with the meal of the oblation, Le 5:11 6:21. For lamps, also, pure olive oil was regarded as the best, and was used in illuminating the tabernacle. These many uses for oil made the culture of the olive-tree an extensive and lucrative business,
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (*kebes*) means 'lamb' and can also refer to a young ram or sheep. The word is derived from an unused root suggesting a meaning related to dominance. It appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily denoting young sheep.
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ 107 n.m. lamb
base
H3532 כֶּ֫בֶשׂ lamb
3532 kebes keh-bes'
from an unused root meaning to dominate; a ram (just old
enough to butt):--lamb, sheep.
כֶּ֫בֶשׂ (ke.ve.s) — lamb.
lamb, sheep, young ram
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
Lamb
(1.) Heb. kebes, a male lamb from the first to the third year. Offered daily at the morning and the evening sacrifice (Ex. 29:38-42), on the Sabbath day (Num. 28:9), at the feast of the New Moon (28:11), of Trumpets (29:2), of Tabernacles (13-40), of Pentecost (Lev. 23:18-20), and of the Passover (Ex. 12:5), and on many other occasions (1 Chr. 29:21; 2 Chr. 29:21; Lev. 9:3; 14:10-25).
The young of the sheep, and also the kid of the goat, Ex 12:5, Christ is the Lamb of God, Joh 1:29, as being the accepted sacrifice for human sin. The sacrifices of the Old Testament were an ordained and perpetual foreshadowing not only of his spotless holiness and his unresisting meekness, Isa 53:4-9. He is described in Re 5:6 12:11, as wearing the form of a sacrificial lamb in heaven itself. See PASSOVER and SACRIFICES.
→ Offering of Ex 29:38-41; Le 3:7; 4:32; 5:6; 22:23; 23:12; Nu 6:12; 7:15,21; 28:3-8
→ Not to be seethed (boiled) in its own mother's milk Ex 23:19
אֶחָד (echad) means 'one' and is derived from a numeral. It encompasses meanings such as each, every, a certain, and can serve as an indefinite article. It is also used as an ordinal to denote 'first' and appears in various combinations, including eleven. The entries consistently emphasize its numerical and qualitative aspects.
אֶחָד 972 adj.num. one
one
= each, every
= a certain
= indef. art.
only, & (fem.) once
one … another, one … the other
as ordinal first
in combin.
base
H259 אֶחָד one . one
. = each, every
. = a certain
. = indef. art.
. only, & (fem.) once
. one … another, one … the other
. as ordinal first
. in combin.
259 'echad ekh-awd'
a numeral from 258; properly, united, i.e. one; or (as an
ordinal) first:--a, alike, alone, altogether, and,
any(-thing), apiece, a certain, (dai-)ly, each (one), +
eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only,
other, some, together,
see HEBREW for 0258
אֶחָד (e.chad) — one.
1) one (number)
1a) one (number)
1b) each, every
1c) a certain
1d) an (indefinite article)
1e) only, once, once for all
1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one
1g) first
1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Acfsa
wun.
See NUMBER.
עֹלָה (olah) refers to both a whole burnt-offering and an ascent or stairway. It is derived from a feminine active participle of the root meaning to go up. The term is used in contexts related to sacrifices, particularly in the Old Testament, where it signifies offerings that ascend in smoke. The entries consistently highlight its dual meaning without significant disagreement.
ref
H5930a עֹלָה whole burnt-offering H5930b עֹלָה ascent, stairway
5930 `olah o-law'
or mowlah {o-law'}; feminine active participle of 5927; a
step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending); usually a
holocaust (as going up in smoke):--ascent, burnt offering
(sacrifice), go up to. See also 5766.
see HEBREW for 05927
see HEBREW for 05766
עֹלָה (o.lah) — burnt offering.
whole burnt offering
Aramaic equivalent: a.lah (עֲלָת "burnt offering" H5928)
עֹלָה (o.lah) — ascent.
ascent, stairway, steps
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Burnt offering
Hebrew olah; i.e., “ascending,” the whole being consumed by fire, and regarded as ascending to God while being consumed. Part of every offering was burnt in the sacred fire, but this was wholly burnt, a “whole burnt offering.” It was the most frequent form of sacrifice, and apparently the only one mentioned in the book of Genesis. Such were the sacrifices offered by Abel (Gen. 4:3, 4, here called minhah; i.e., “a gift”), Noah (Gen. 8:20), Abraham (Gen. 22:2, 7, 8, 13), and by the Hebrews in Egypt (Ex. 10:25).
The law of Moses afterwards prescribed the occasions and the manner in which burnt sacrifices were to be offered. There were “the continual…
The word is applied to the offering which was wholly consumed by fire on the altar, and the whole of which, except the refuse ashes "ascended" in the smoke to God. The meaning of the whole burnt offering was that which is the original idea of all sacrifice, the offering by the sacrificer of himself, soul and body, to God--the submission of his will to the will of the Lord. The ceremonies of the burnt offering are given in detail in the book of Leviticus. [SACRIFICE]
→ See OFFERINGS, BURNT
רֵיחַ (reyach) refers to scent or odor, derived from the root meaning breath. It encompasses general fragrances and specifically the odor associated with sacrifices to God. The term appears in various contexts, highlighting its significance in both everyday and ritualistic settings.
רֵיחַ 58 n.m. scent, odour (prop. breath)
base
H7381 רֵיחַ scent, odour (prop. breath)
7381 reyach ray'-akh
from 7306; odor (as if blown):--savour, scent, smell.
see HEBREW for 07306
רֵיחַ (re.ach) — aroma.
1) scent, fragrance, aroma, odour
1a) scent, odour
1b) odour of soothing (technical term for sacrifice to God)
Aramaic equivalent: re.ach (רֵיחַ "smell" H7382)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נִיחֹחַ (nichowach) refers to a state of soothing or tranquility. It is derived from the root meaning restful or pleasant, often associated with a sweet odor. The word is consistently described as conveying a sense of quieting or soothing across the entries.
נִיחֹחַ and נִיחוֹחַ 43 n.[m.] a quieting, soothing, tranquilizing
base
H5207 נִיחֹחַ, נִיחוֹחַ a quieting, soothing, tranquilizing
5207 nichowach nee-kho'-akh
or niychoach {nee-kho'-akh}; from 5117; properly, restful,
i.e. pleasant; abstractly, delight:--sweet (odour).
see HEBREW for 05117
נִיחֹחַ (ni.cho.ach) — soothing.
soothing, quieting, tranquillising
Aramaic equivalent: ni.cho.ach (נִיחוֹחַ "soothing" H5208)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
אִשֶּׁה (ishshah) refers to an offering made by fire, primarily understood as a burnt offering in a liturgical context. It can also denote any type of sacrifice, particularly those involving food offerings given to God or consumed by priests. The entries consistently emphasize its sacrificial nature.
אִשֶּׁה n.m. an offering made by fire
base
H801 אִשֶּׁה an offering made by fire
801 'ishshah ish-shaw'
the same as 800, but used in a liturgical sense; properly, a
burnt-offering; but occasionally of any
sacrifice:--(offering, sacrifice), (made) by fire.
see HEBREW for 0800
אִשֶּׁה (ish.shah) — food offering.
food offering, offering given to God by fire or eaten by priests, sacrificial offering
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Offering
An oblation, dedicated to God. Thus Cain consecrated to God of the first-fruits of the earth, and Abel of the firstlings of the flock (Gen. 4:3, 4). Under the Levitical system different kinds of offerings are specified, and laws laid down as to their presentation. These are described under their distinctive names.
In the Hebrew, an offering, minchah, is distinguished from a sacrifice, zebah, as being bloodless. In our version, however, the word offering is often used for a sacrifice, as in the case of peace offerings, sin offerings, etc. Of the proper offerings, that is, the unbloody offerings, some accompanied the sacrifices, as flour, wine, salt; others were not connected with any sacrifices. Like the sacrifices, some, as the first fruits and tenths, were obligatory; other were voluntary offerings of devotion. Various sorts of offerings are enumerated in the books of Moses. Among these are,
1. Fine flour, or meal;
2. Cakes baked in an oven;
3. Cakes baked on a plate or shallow pan;
4. Cakes cooked in deep vessel by frying in oil, (English version, "frying pan," though some understand here a gridiron or a plate with holes;)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npt