Nahum 3:2 — Word Study
WLCק֣וֹל שׁ֔וֹט וְק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ אוֹפָ֑ן וְס֣וּס דֹּהֵ֔ר וּמֶרְכָּבָ֖ה מְרַקֵּדָֽה׃
BSAvoiceqôwl whipshôwṭ [lash, scourge] voiceqôwl quakingraʻash wheelʼôwphân [chariot wheel] ◂swallowçûwç to rushdâhar△ ◂chariotmerkâbâh [war chariot, vehicle of war] to skip aboutrâqad
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| ק֣וֹל | [the] sound of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שׁ֔וֹט | a whip | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְק֖וֹל | and [the] sound of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| רַ֣עַשׁ | [the] rattling of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אוֹפָ֑ן | a wheel | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְס֣וּס | and a horse | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| דֹּהֵ֔ר | galloping | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| וּמֶרְכָּבָ֖ה | and a chariot | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| מְרַקֵּדָֽה׃ | jolting | Verb, Piel, participle (active) feminine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot! |
| KJV | The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of the jumping chariots. |
| ASV | The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of wheels, and prancing horses, and bounding chariots, |
| YLT | The sound of a whip, And the sound of the rattling of a wheel, And of a prancing horse, and of a bounding chariot, Of a horseman mounting. |
| WEB | The noise of the whip, the noise of the rattling of wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots, |
| BBE | The noise of the whip, and the noise of thundering wheels; horses rushing and war-carriages jumping, |
Where they part company is שׁוֹט — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by several noun phrases that describe the sounds of battle, creating a layered auditory experience.
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Nahum 3:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment Against Ninevehgenerated
Nahum 3:2 illustrates the sounds of impending destruction in Nineveh, emphasizing the chaos and violence that characterize the city. The verse captures the essence of judgment through vivid imagery, aligning with the broader themes of Nahum's prophecy regarding the fall of this once-mighty city, known for its bloodshed and deceit, as outlined in Nahum 3:1.
The Key Word — שׁוֹט, Shotgenerated
The word שׁוֹט (shot) refers to a whip, a tool used for punishment or control. It symbolizes authority and correction, often associated with the act of striking. This word appears in contexts of discipline, indicating its use in both literal and figurative senses.
In this verse, it emphasizes the harshness of the sounds that accompany the chaos of battle, highlighting the violent environment of Nineveh. The sound of the whip adds to the imagery of destruction and judgment that Nahum conveys.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around a series of noun phrases and verbs that create a vivid auditory landscape. The finite verbs are דֹּהֵ֔ר (galloping) and מְרַקֵּדָֽה (bounding), which describe the actions of the horse and chariot, respectively.
The sentence begins with a series of sounds, emphasizing the chaotic environment of battle, and concludes with the actions of the horse and chariot, illustrating the movement and urgency of war.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שׁוֹט as μαστίγων, indicating a whip or scourge. This choice aligns with the original meaning while also emphasizing the punitive aspect of the sound.
The choice of τροξῶν for אוֹפָן (wheel) highlights the functional aspect of the chariot in warfare, maintaining the imagery of movement and action present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Nahum 3:2 describes the sounds associated with the chaos of battle in Nineveh. It mentions the crack of a whip, the rumble of wheels, galloping horses, and bounding chariots, painting a vivid picture of the destruction that is to come.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The sound of the whip symbolizes authority and punishment, reflecting the violent and chaotic environment of Nineveh as it faces judgment.
Nahum employs sound imagery to convey the intensity and urgency of battle, emphasizing the impending doom of the city through the vivid descriptions of noise.
Horses and chariots represent the forces of war, illustrating the speed and power of the approaching destruction that Nineveh will face.
The context of judgment is crucial as it frames the sounds described in the verse as not just chaotic noise but as a herald of divine retribution against Nineveh for its violence and deceit.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the imagery of sound enhance our understanding of the judgment on Nineveh?
- In what ways can we see parallels between Nineveh's destruction and modern-day consequences of violence?
- What does this verse teach us about the nature of divine judgment?
- How can we apply the lessons from Nahum's prophecy to our own lives today?
The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot!
The noise of the whip, the noise of the rattling of wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots,
The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot!
The chariot drivers will crack their whips; the chariot wheels will shake the ground; the chariot horses will gallop; the war chariots will bolt forward!
Tyndale line
The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the pransing horses, and of the jumping chariots.
The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of wheels, and prancing horses, and bounding chariots,
The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of wheels; and pransing horses, and jumping chariots;
The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the bounding chariots.
The noyse of a whippe, and the noyse of the mouing of the wheeles, and the beating of the horses, and the leaping of the charets.
Strictly literal
The crack of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the prancing horses, and of the bounding chariots!
The sound of a whip, And the sound of the rattling of a wheel, And of a prancing horse, and of a bounding chariot, Of a horseman mounting.
The sound of a whip, || And the sound of the rattling of a wheel, || And of a prancing horse, and of a bounding chariot, || Of a horseman mounting.
The noise of a whip, and the noise of the rattling of wheels, and of prancing horses, and of the skipping chariots.
But now there is the noise of whips and the sound of rattling wheels, prancing horses, and bounding chariots.
From the Latin
The noise of the whip, and the noise of the rattling of the wheels, and of the neighing horse, and of the running chariot, and of the horsemen coming up,
Simplified
Listen to the noise: whips crack, wheels clatter, horses gallop, chariots rattle!
The noise of the whip, and the noise of thundering wheels; horses rushing and war-carriages jumping,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents Nahum 3:2 as "ק֣וֹל שׁ֔וֹט וְק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ אוֹפָ֑ן וְס֣וּס דֹּהֵ֔ר וּמֶרְכָּבָ֖ה מְרַקֵּדָֽה." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in terms of the words used, though it has its own word order and articles. The Dead Sea Scrolls, specifically 4Q82 and Mur88, also align closely with the Masoretic Text, containing most of the same words, although some parts are restored or supplied by editors. Overall, there is a strong agreement among the witnesses for this verse, with only minor differences in restoration and presentation.
ק֣וֹל שׁ֔וֹט וְק֖וֹל רַ֣עַשׁ אוֹפָ֑ן וְס֣וּס דֹּהֵ֔ר וּמֶרְכָּבָ֖ה מְרַקֵּדָֽה׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[קול] [שוט] [וקול] [רעש] [אופן] [וסוס] דהר [ומרכבה] [מרקדה]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 8 supplied entire by an editor.
[קול] שוט וקול רעש אופן וסוס דהר [ומרכבה] מרקדה
4 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Nahum 3:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.
ref
H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity
6963 qowl kole
or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a
voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),
fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,
proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +
yell.
קוֹל (qol) — voice.
: voice/shout/loud
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קֹל (qol) — frivolity.
lightness, frivolity
קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.
: sound/noise
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.
: thunder
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.
: message/proclaim
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].
: [sound_of](THING)
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.
: listen
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שׁוֹט (shot) refers to a scourge or whip, used both literally and figuratively. It can denote a tool for chastisement or punishment, as well as a whip for horses. The word is derived from a related term, indicating a connection to the act of striking or lashing.
שׁוֹט n.m. scourge, whip
base
H7752 שׁוֹט scourge, whip
7752 showt shote
from 7751; a lash (literally or figuratively):--scourge,
whip.
see HEBREW for 07751
שׁוֹט (shot) — whip.
1) scourge, whip
1a) scourge (for chastisement)
1a1) of national judgment (fig)
1b) whip (for horse)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.
ref
H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity
6963 qowl kole
or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a
voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),
fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,
proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +
yell.
קוֹל (qol) — voice.
: voice/shout/loud
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קֹל (qol) — frivolity.
lightness, frivolity
קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.
: sound/noise
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.
: thunder
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.
: message/proclaim
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].
: [sound_of](THING)
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.
: listen
1) voice, sound, noise
1a) voice
1b) sound (of instrument)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רַ֫עַשׁ (ra`ash) refers to various forms of quaking or shaking, including earthquakes and trembling. It encompasses meanings like vibration, uproar, and rattling. The word is derived from a root that suggests movement or noise, and it can describe both natural phenomena and physical reactions in people.
רַ֫עַשׁ n.m. quaking, shaking
specif. earthquake
quaking, trembling
shaking, quivering
base
H7494 רַ֫עַשׁ quaking, shaking
7494 ra`ash rah'-ash
from 7493; vibration, bounding, uproar:--commotion,
confused noise, earthquake, fierceness, quaking, rattling,
rushing, shaking.
see HEBREW for 07493
רַ֫עַשׁ (ra.ash) — quaking.
1) quaking, rattling, shaking
1a) earthquake
1b) quaking, trembling (of person)
1c) shaking, quivering (of dart)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אוֹפַן (o.fan) means 'wheel' and is derived from a root meaning to revolve. It specifically refers to wheels in various contexts, including chariot wheels, the wheels in Ezekiel's vision, and those found in Solomon's temple. The entries consistently emphasize its association with circular objects used for movement.
אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן n.m. wheel
base
H212 אוֹפַן, אוֹפָן wheel
212 'owphan o-fawn'
or (shortened) pophan {o-fawn'}; from an unused root meaning
to revolve; a wheel:--wheel.
אוֹפָן (o.phan) — wheel.
1) wheel
1a) chariot wheel
1b) wheel in Ezekiel's vision
1c) wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hwel:
(1) 'ophan, is the usual word (Ex 14:25, etc.). In Pr 20:26; Isa 28:27 the rollers of a threshing wagon are meant (see AGRICULTURE).
(2) galgal, "rolling thing," generally in the sense of "wheel" (Isa 5:28, etc.), but the Revised Version (British and American) in Eze 10:2,6,13 has "whirling wheels," an advantageous change. The "wheel .... broken at the cistern" in Ec 12:6 is the windlass for drawing the water, and by the figure the breakdown of the old man's breathing apparatus is probably meant. In Ps…
Wheel
(Heb. galgal; rendered “wheel” in Ps. 83:13, and “a rolling thing” in Isa. 17:13; R.V. in both, “whirling dust”). This word has been supposed to mean the wild artichoke, which assumes the form of a globe, and in autumn breaks away from its roots, and is rolled about by the wind in some places in great numbers.
Ps 83:13, translated "rolling thing" in Isa 17:13. Mr. Thomson, for many years a missionary in Syria, thinks the wild artichoke may here be referred to. This plant sends out numerous stalks or branches of equal length in all directions, forming a globe a foot in diameter. These globes become rigid and light as a feather in autumn, and thousands of them fly rolling and bounding over the plains, the sport of every wind. This "rolling thing" furnishes the modern Arabs with a current proverb and a curse.
סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift
base
סוּס 138 n.m. horse
base
H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse
5483 cuwc soos
or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,
for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid
flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.
see HEBREW for 06571
סוּס (sus) — swallow.
swallow, swift
סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).
This name means horse
סוּס (sus) — horse.
1) horse
1a) chariot horses
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
hors:
1. Names:
The common names are (1) cuc, and
(2) hippos.
(3) The word parash, "horseman," occurs often, and in several cases is translated "horse" or "warhorse" (Isa 28:28; Eze 27:14; Joe 2:4 the Revised Version, margin); also in 2Sa 16, where the "horsemen" of English Versions of the Bible is ba`ale ha-parashim, "owners of horses"; compare Arabic faris, "horseman," and faras, "horse".
(4) The feminine form cucah, occurs in So 1:9, and is rendered as follows: Septuagint he hippos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) equitatum; the King James Version "company of horses," the Revised Version (British and American) "steed." It is not clear why English Versions of the…
Horse
Always referred to in the Bible in connection with warlike operations, except Isa. 28:28. The war-horse is described Job 39:19-25. For a long period after their settlement in Canaan the Israelites made no use of horses, according to the prohibition, Deut. 17:16. David was the first to form a force of cavalry (2 Sam. 8:4). But Solomon, from his connection with Egypt, greatly multiplied their number (1 Kings 4:26; 10:26, 29). After this, horses were freely used in Israel (1 Kings 22:4; 2 Kings 3:7; 9:21, 33…
The most striking feature in the biblical notices of the horse is the exclusive application of it to warlike operations; in no instance is that useful animal employed for the purposes of ordinary locomotion or agriculture, if we except (Isaiah 28:28) The animated description of the horse in (Job 39:19-25) applies solely to the war-horse. The Hebrews in the patriarchal age, as a pastoral race, did not stand in need of the services Of the horse, and for a long period after their settlement in Canaan they dispensed with it, partly in consequence of the hilly nature of the country, which only admitted of the use of chariots in certain localities, (Judges 1:19) and partly in consequence to the prohibition in (17:16) which would be held to apply at all periods. David first established…
דָּהַר (dahar) is a primitive root meaning to rush or dash, often associated with the movement of a horse. The entries highlight its usage in the context of irregular movement or galloping, particularly noted in the Qal form. It is referenced in a specific verse, Na 3:2.
H1725 דָּהַר
1725 dahar daw-har'
a primitive root; to curvet or move irregularly:--pause.
דָּהַר (da.har) — to rush.
to rush, dash, gallop (a horse)
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
מֶרְכָּבָה (merkabah) means 'chariot' in Hebrew. It is a feminine noun derived from the related word for chariot, מֶרְכָּב (merkav). The entries consistently define it as a chariot, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
מֶרְכָּבָה n.f. chariot
base
H4818 מֶרְכָּבָה chariot
4818 merkabah mer-kaw-baw'
feminine of 4817; a chariot:--chariot. See also 1024.
see HEBREW for 04817
see HEBREW for 01024
מֶרְכָּבָה (mer.ka.vah) — chariot.
chariot
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
char'-i-ot (merkabh, merkabhah, "riding-chariot," rekhebh, "war-chariot"; harma):
1. Chariots of Egypt
2. Chariots of the Canaanites
3. Chariots of Solomon and Later Kings
4. Chariots of the Assyrians
5. Chariots of Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks
6. In the New Testament
7. Figurative Use
LITERATURE
1. Chariots of Egypt:
It is to the chariots of ancient Egypt that reference is first made in Scripture. Joseph was honored by being made to ride in the second chariot of King Pharaoh (Ge 41:43). Joseph paid honor to his father on his arrival in Goshen by meeting him in his chariot (Ge 46:29). In the state ceremonial with which the remains of Jacob were escorted to Canaan, chariots and horsemen were conspicuous (Ge 50:9). In the narrative of the…
Chariot
A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes.
The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second state chariot (Gen. 41:43); and the next, when he went out in his own chariot to meet his father Jacob (46:29). Chariots formed part of the funeral procession of Jacob (50:9). When Pharaoh pursued the Israelites he took 600 war-chariots with him (Ex. 14:7). The Canaanites in the valleys of Palestine had chariots of iron (Josh. 17:18; Judg. 1:19). Jabin, the king of Canaan, had 900 chariots (
a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (Genesis 41:43) Later on we find mention of Egyptian chariots for a warlike purpose. (Exodus 14:7) In this point of view chariots among some nations of antiquity, as elephants among others, may be regarded as filling the place of heavy artillery in modern times, so that the military power of a nation might be estimated by the number of its chariots. Thus Pharaoh in pursuing Israel…
רָקַד (raqad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to skip about or leap. It encompasses various forms including dancing and jumping, with specific uses in different stems: Qal for skipping, Piel for dancing, and Hiphil for causing others to skip. The entries highlight a joyful or lively movement, but do not provide specific verse references.
רָקַד vb. skip about
Qal skip about
Pi. dance, leap
Hiph. he (י׳) made them skip like calves
base
H7540 רָקַד skip about
7540 raqad raw-kad'
a primitive root; properly, to stamp, i.e. to spring about
(wildly or for joy):--dance, jump, leap, skip.
רָקַד (ra.qad) — to skip about.
1) to skip about
1a) (Qal) to skip about
1b) (Piel) to dance, leap
1c) (Hiphil) to make to skip
V-Piel — Verb · Piel · participle (active) feminine singularHVprfsa