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Proverbs 21:31 — Word Study

Depth

WLCס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃

BSAA horseçûwç [swallow, chariot horse] is preparedkûwn [to establish, set up] for the dayyôwm [a literal or figurative space of time] of battlemilchâmâh [war, conflict] but victorytᵉshûwʻâh [deliverance, salvation] [is] of the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, The covenant Name of God]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 21
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 31 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.te.shu.'Ah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 21:31quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse contrasts human preparation for battle with the ultimate source of victory, which is the LORD.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, reflecting on the nature of preparation and divine sovereignty.
Where we areThis verse is part of a collection of wise sayings, emphasizing the relationship between human effort and divine intervention.
The hard wordתְּשׁוּעָה
Take awayPreparation is important, but true success comes from God.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectסוּס verbכּוּן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 21:31

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Wisdom on Preparation and Victorygenerated

28A lying witness will perish, but the man who listens to truth will speak forever.
29A wicked man hardens his face, but the upright man makes his way sure.
30There is no wisdom, no understanding, no counsel that can prevail against the LORD.
31A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.

Proverbs 21:31 highlights the importance of preparation in battle while asserting that ultimate victory belongs to the LORD. This verse serves as a reminder that human efforts, while necessary, are not the final determinant of success. It fits within a broader discourse on wisdom and the nature of reliance on God, as seen throughout the book of Proverbs, where human actions are often juxtaposed with divine authority.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 20:7Some trust in chariots and others in horses, but we trust in the name of the LORD our God.
2Psalm 33:17–18A horse is a vain hope for salvation; even its great strength cannot save.
3Psalm 147:10He does not delight in the strength of the horse; He takes no pleasure in the legpower of the man.
4Ecclesiastes 9:11I saw something else under the sun: The race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong; neither is the bread to the wise, nor the wealth to the intelligent, nor the favor to the skillful. For time and chance happen to all.
5Isaiah 31:1Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help, who rely on horses, who trust in their abundance of chariots and in their multitude of horsemen. They do not look to the Holy One of Israel; they do not seek the LORD.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word סוּס, Susgenerated

The Hebrew word סוּס (sus) means 'horse' and is often associated with chariot horses in the context of warfare. It is derived from a root that conveys the idea of leaping or skipping, which reflects the swift nature of horses. The parsing indicates that it is a masculine singular noun, emphasizing its role as a subject in this verse.

In this context, סוּס signifies not just any horse but one that is specifically prepared for battle, highlighting the importance of readiness in conflict. The word evokes imagery of strength and speed, essential qualities for a horse in a military setting.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The sentence is structured around the main clause, with the finite verb מ֭וּכָן (is prepared) governing the subject ס֗וּס (horse). There are two prepositional phrases that provide context: one detailing the purpose of the preparation and the other indicating the source of victory.

The structure emphasizes the contrast between human preparation for battle and the divine source of victory, illustrating the relationship between human effort and God's sovereignty.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

סוּס is rendered as ἵππος in the Septuagint, which also means 'horse.' This choice maintains the focus on the animal's role in battle, consistent with the Hebrew meaning.

The Greek translation emphasizes the physical aspect of preparation for battle, while the Hebrew text connects this preparation to the ultimate victory that comes from the LORD.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 21:31 teaches that while a horse is made ready for battle, true victory comes from the LORD. This verse reminds us that our efforts are important, but it is God who ultimately determines the outcome.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that victory belongs to the LORD?

It signifies that while we can prepare and plan, the final outcome is under God's control, and He is the one who grants success.

How does this verse apply to everyday life?

It encourages us to prepare for our challenges while trusting in God's guidance and power to achieve true success.

What is the significance of a horse in battle?

A horse represents strength, speed, and readiness, essential qualities for success in conflict.

How can we prepare for our own battles in life?

We can prepare through diligent work, prayer, and seeking God's wisdom, while remembering that He is ultimately in control.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to rely more on God for victory?
  2. How can I better prepare myself for the challenges I face?
  3. What does it mean for me to trust in the LORD for success?
  4. Can I think of a time when my preparations were not enough without God's intervention?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Bede comments on this verse, emphasizing the importance of preparing oneself for challenges while trusting in God during times of trial.

BedeCommentary on Proverbs c. 673–735
The horse is prepared for the day of battle, etc. Indeed, it is man's duty to prepare a soul devoted to God in times of persecution, to offer the body to danger;
Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 21 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 21:31 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

The horse [is] prepared against the day of battle,.... The horse is a warlike creature, and was much used formerly, as now, in war; these are prepared against the day of battle, to mount the cavalry

Read John Gill on Proverbs 21 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 21 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The horse; under which particular all warlike provisions are comprehended. Safety is of the Lord; the success of the battle depends not upon any human strength or art, but merely upon God’ s providence, who gives the victory when and to whom he pleaseth, and ofttimes to those that have least reason to expect it. Compare .

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 21 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 21:31 The horse [is] prepared against the day of battle: but safety [is] of the LORD.Ver. 31. The horse is prepared against the day, &c.] A very serviceable creature, and in battle full of terror; so swift in service that the Persians dedicated him to their god, the sun, ασπερτοταλιστοντωταχυτατω, as Pausanias hath it. But as the sun in heaven can neither be outrun nor stopped in his race, so neither by men, though wise, nor by means, though likely, can God’ s purposes be disappointed. "A horse is a vain thing for safety; neither shall he deliver any by his great strength." But safety (or victory) is of the Lord.] He gives it to which side he pleaseth, as he did to the Israelites…

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 21 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(31) The horse is prepared against the day of battle.—These had been imported largely from Egypt in Solomon’s time, though this was in direct contravention of the Law (1 Kings 4:26, and Deuteronomy 17:16).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 21 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 31. The horse is prepared against the day of battle] Horses were not used among the Jews before the time of Solomon. There was a Divine command against them, Deuteronomy 17:16; but Solomon transgressed it; see 1Kg 10:29. But he here allows that a horse is a vain thing for safety; and that however strong and well appointed cavalry may be, still safety, escape, and victory, are of the Lord. Among the ancient Asiatics, the horse was used only for war; oxen laboured in the plough and cart; the ass and the camel carried backloads; and mules and asses served for riding. We often give the credit of a victory to man, when they who consider the circumstances see that it came from God.

Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 21 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

31. safety] Rather, victory (A.V. marg. R.V. text), or deliverance (R.V. marg.). “Two companion proverbs (Proverbs 21:30-31). Nothing avails against, nothing without, God.” (Speaker’s Comm.)

Read Cambridge on Proverbs 21 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

31. The horse is prepared against… battle — This verse connects with the preceding. Its import is, that no preparation for war, however great, however confided in, can be successful without God’s blessing.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 21 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but victory is with Yahweh.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD.

NETBNew English Translation2006

A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but the victory is from the Lord.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is of the LORD.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

The horse is prepared against the day of battle; But victory is of Jehovah.

RVARevised Version, American1894

The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but victory is of the LORD,

NWBWebster's Bible1833

The horse is prepared against the day of battle: but safety is from the LORD.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

The horse is prepared against the day of battell: but saluation is of the Lord.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but safety is of Jehovah.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

A horse is prepared for a day of battle, And the deliverance [is] of Jehovah!

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

A horse is prepared for a day of battle, || And the deliverance [is] of YHWH!

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

The horse is prepared for the day of battle; but with the Lord is the victory.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The horse is prepared for the day of battle, but the victory belongs to Yahweh.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The horse is prepared for the day of battle: but the Lord giveth safety.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You can get your horse ready for battle, but the victory is the Lord's.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

The horse is made ready for the day of war, but power to overcome is from the Lord.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausesubjectס֗וּסa.horseverbמ֭וּכָן[is].preparedprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְfornoun phraseי֣וֹםa.dayמִלְחָמָ֑הof.battleוְ֝and.[belongs]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateלַֽtoיהוָ֗הYahwehnoun phrase · subjectהַtheתְּשׁוּעָֽהvictory

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text states, "ס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃" which translates to "A horse is prepared for the day of battle, but victory is of the LORD." The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text, as all six words correspond directly, although the order and articles may differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional variants for this verse, confirming the consistency of the text across these witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

ס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
ס֗וּסἵπποςמ֭וּכָןἑτοιμάζεταιלְי֣וֹםἡμέρανמִלְחָמָ֑הπολέμουוְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗הκυρίουהַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃βοήθεια

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 21:31סוּסa horsea horseסוּסכּוּן[is] prepar[is] preparedכּוּןיוֹםfor a day ofor a day ofיוֹםמִלְחָמָהbattlebattleמִלְחָמָהיהוהand [belongand [belongs] tיהוהתְּשׁוּעָהthe victorythe victoryתְּשׁוּעָהלָחַםto fightto fightלָחַםהָיָהto beto beהָיָהשָׁוַעto cryto cryשָׁוַעפָּרָשׁhorsehorseפָּרָשׁפֶּ֫רֶדmulemuleפֶּ֫רֶדמֶרְכָּבָהchariotchariotמֶרְכָּבָהתֵּבֵלworldworldתֵּבֵלכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאשְׁבִיעִיseventhseventhשְׁבִיעִישַׁבָּתSabbathSabbathשַׁבָּתעָרַךְto arrangeto arrangeעָרַךְגִּבּוֹרmighty manmighty manגִּבּוֹרנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאעֶזְרָהhelphelpעֶזְרָהחֵץarrowarrowחֵץ
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 21:31

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
ס֗וּסSus a horse H5483 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Amplified meaning
swallow, chariot horse
Tyndale gloss
swallow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift

base

סוּס 138 n.m. horse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5483 cuwc soos

or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,

for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid

flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.

see HEBREW for 06571

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּס (sus) — swallow.

swallow, swift

סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).

This name means horse

סוּס (sus) — horse.

1) horse

1a) chariot horses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hors:

1. Names:

The common names are (1) cuc, and

(2) hippos.

(3) The word parash, "horseman," occurs often, and in several cases is translated "horse" or "warhorse" (Isa 28:28; Eze 27:14; Joe 2:4 the Revised Version, margin); also in 2Sa 16, where the "horsemen" of English Versions of the Bible is ba`ale ha-parashim, "owners of horses"; compare Arabic faris, "horseman," and faras, "horse".

(4) The feminine form cucah, occurs in So 1:9, and is rendered as follows: Septuagint he hippos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) equitatum; the King James Version "company of horses," the Revised Version (British and American) "steed." It is not clear why English Versions of the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Horse

Always referred to in the Bible in connection with warlike operations, except Isa. 28:28. The war-horse is described Job 39:19-25. For a long period after their settlement in Canaan the Israelites made no use of horses, according to the prohibition, Deut. 17:16. David was the first to form a force of cavalry (2 Sam. 8:4). But Solomon, from his connection with Egypt, greatly multiplied their number (1 Kings 4:26; 10:26, 29). After this, horses were freely used in Israel (1 Kings 22:4; 2 Kings 3:7; 9:21, 33…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The most striking feature in the biblical notices of the horse is the exclusive application of it to warlike operations; in no instance is that useful animal employed for the purposes of ordinary locomotion or agriculture, if we except (Isaiah 28:28) The animated description of the horse in (Job 39:19-25) applies solely to the war-horse. The Hebrews in the patriarchal age, as a pastoral race, did not stand in need of the services Of the horse, and for a long period after their settlement in Canaan they dispensed with it, partly in consequence of the hilly nature of the country, which only admitted of the use of chariots in certain localities, (Judges 1:19) and partly in consequence to the prohibition in (17:16) which would be held to apply at all periods. David first established…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Description of

Great strength Job 39:19-25

Swifter than eagles Jer 4:13

Snorting and neighing of Isa 5:28; Jer 8:16

A vain thing for safety Ps 33:17; Pr 21:31

→ Used by the Egyptians in war Ex 14:9; 15:19

→ Used by the Israelites 1Ki 22:4

→ Used for cavalry 2Ki 18:23; Jer 47:3; 51:21

a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
מ֭וּכָןMu.khon [is] prepared H3559 Verb · Hophal · participle (passive) masculine singular
217× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to set something up or establish it, like setting up a tent or appointing someone to a position, as seen in Isaiah 7:14.
Amplified meaning
to establish, set up
Tyndale gloss
to establish: prepare
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כּוּן (kuwn) is a Hebrew verb meaning to establish or prepare. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to be firm, to fix, to direct, and to be ready, with applications in both literal and figurative contexts. The entries indicate various forms of the verb, such as Niph'al (to be established) and Hiph'il (to establish), but there is a note on a noun form, נָכוֹן (nakhon), meaning 'blow'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כּוּן] 218 vb. prob. be firm, only in der. conj.

Niph.

be set up, established, fixed

in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways

prepare, be ready

pass. be prepared, of judgments

Hiph.

establish, set up

fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift

provide for, provide, furnish

direct one's face toward

arrange, order

Hoph.

be established, of throne

be prepared for

Po‛lēl.

set up, establish

constitute, make, a man (in womb)

fix, so as to be ready

direct

Po‛lal. be established

Hithpo‛l. be established

base

נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow Jb 12:5

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3559a כּוּן prob. be firm, only in der. conj. . . be set up, established, fixed

. in a moral sense, be directed aright, of ways

. prepare, be ready

. pass. be prepared, of judgments

. . establish, set up

. . fix, so as to be ready, make ready, prepare, a gift

. provide for, provide, furnish

. direct one's face toward

. arrange, order

. . be established, of throne

. be prepared for

. . set up, establish

. constitute, make, a man (in womb)

. fix, so as to be ready

. direct

. be established

. be established

H3559b נָכוֹן n. [m.] = blow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3559 kuwn koon

a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand

perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great

variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix,

prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper

or prosperous):--certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness,

fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet,

ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self),

provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright,

fast, forth), be stable, (e-)stablish, stand, tarry, X very

deed.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כּוּן (kun) — to establish: prepare.

: prepare/direct

1) to be firm, be stable, be established

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be set up, be established, be fixed

1a1a) to be firmly established

1a1b) to be established, be stable, be secure, be enduring

1a1c) to be fixed, be securely determined

1a2) to be directed aright, be fixed aright, be steadfast (moral sense)

1a3) to prepare, be ready

1a4) to be prepared, be arranged, be settled

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to establish, set up, accomplish, do, make firm

1b2) to fix, make ready, prepare, provide, provide for, furnish

1b3) to direct toward (moral sense)

1b4) to arrange, order

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be established, be fastened

1c2) to be prepared, be ready

1d) (Polel)

1d1) to set up, establish

1d2) to constitute, make

1d3) to fix

1d4) to direct

1e) (Pulal) to be established, be prepared

1f) (Hithpolel) to be established, be restored

נָכוֹן (na.khon) — blow.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hophal-Inf-c — Verb · Hophal · participle (passive) masculine singular
HVHsmsa
a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
לְי֣וֹםle.Yom for a day of H3117 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
2,306× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word 'yom' refers to a day, which can be a literal 24-hour period or a figurative space of time. It is used in the Bible to describe a wide range of time periods, from a single day to a year or a lifetime. The word 'yom' is used in many different contexts throughout the Bible.
Amplified meaning
a literal or figurative space of time
Tyndale gloss
day
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יוֹם 2285 n.m. day

day, opp. night

Day as division of time

יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

Pl. days of anyone

Days

יוֹם = time

Phrases

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night

. Day as division of time

. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous

. Pl. days of anyone

. Days

. יוֹם = time

. Phrases

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3117 yowm yome

from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm

hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one

sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by

an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +

chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)

day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +

(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as

(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,

presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,

then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,

weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole

(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יוֹם (yom) — day.

: day/when/time/period

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: old.

: old/(full/many)[days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

1b2a) a working day, a day's journey

1c) days, lifetime (pl.)

1d) time, period (general)

1e) year

1f) temporal references

1f1) today

1f2) yesterday

1f3) tomorrow

יוֹם (yom) — day: year.

: year[of_days]

1) day, time, year

1a) day (as opposed to night)

1b) day (24 hour period)

1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1

1b2) as a division of time

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
מִלְחָמָ֑הmil.cha.Mah battle H4421 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
320× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means battle or war, describing a fight or conflict. It is used in the Bible to talk about wars and battles, like the ones in the book of Joshua. The KJV translates it as battle or fight.
Amplified meaning
war, conflict
Tyndale gloss
battle
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִלְחָמָה (milchamah) means 'battle' or 'war.' It is derived from the root word for fighting and encompasses both specific engagements and the broader concept of warfare. The entries consistently define it in this way, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מִלְחָמָה 319 n.f. battle, war

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4421 מִלְחָמָה battle, war

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4421 milchamah mil-khaw-maw'

from 3898 (in the sense of fighting); a battle (i.e. the

engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare):--battle,

fight(-ing), war((-rior)).

see HEBREW for 03898

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִלְחָמָה (mil.cha.mah) — battle.

battle, war

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See WAR.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Shouting in Jud 7:20; 1Sa 17:20

→ Priests in 2Ch 13:12

→ Prayer before

By Asa 2Ch 14:11

By Jehoshaphat 2Ch 20:3-12

→ See ARMIES

→ See WAR

a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗הve.la.Yah.weh and [belongs] to Yahweh H3068 Conjunction · preposition · noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, The covenant Name of God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-proper — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper
HC/R/Npt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
a horse [is] prepared for a day of battle and [belongs] to Yahweh the victory
הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה׃ha.te.shu.'Ah the victory H8668 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
34× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means salvation or deliverance, often describing God's rescue of his people. It appears in books like Psalms and Isaiah, where God promises to save and deliver his people.
Amplified meaning
deliverance, salvation
Tyndale gloss
deliverance: salvation
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תְּשׁוּעָה (tshuw`ah) refers to concepts of rescue, deliverance, and salvation, both in a personal and national context. It emphasizes help and safety, often associated with divine intervention. The term is linked to victory as well, indicating a broader range of meanings related to overcoming challenges or enemies.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תְּשׁוּעָה († תְּשֻׁעָה 2 S 19:3) n.f. deliverance, salvation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8668 תְּשׁוּעָה, תְּשֻׁעָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8668 tshuw`ah tesh-oo-aw'

or tshuah {tesh-oo-aw'}; from 7768 in the sense of 3467;

rescue (literal or figurative, pers., national or spir.):--

deliverance, help, safety, salvation, victory.

see HEBREW for 07768

see HEBREW for 03467

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תְּשׁוּעָה (te.shu.ah) — deliverance: salvation.

: salvation

1) salvation, deliverance

1a) deliverance (usually by God through human agency)

1b) salvation (spiritual in sense)

Also means: te.shu.ah (תְּשׁוּעָה ": victory" H8668H)

תְּשׁוּעָה (te.shu.ah) — deliverance: victory.

: victory

1) salvation, deliverance

1a) deliverance (usually by God through human agency)

1b) salvation (spiritual in sense)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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