Matthew 2:10 — Word Study
N1904ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
BSAHaving seenhoraō▸ nowde theho starastēr [a celestial body, a sign] they rejoiced [with]chairō▸ [felt deep joy, were extremely glad] joychara [exceeding, very, joy, happiness, a deep and lasting happiness] greatmegas exceedingly,sphodra
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| ἰδόντες | Having seen | Verb, second aorist, active |
| δὲ | now | Conjunction |
| τὸν | the | Article, accusative, singular |
| ἀστέρα | star | Noun, accusative, singular |
| ἐχάρησαν | they rejoiced [with] | Verb, second aorist, passive deponent |
| χαρὰν | joy | Noun, accusative, singular |
| μεγάλην | great | Adjective, accusative, singular |
| σφόδρα, | exceedingly, | Adverb |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | When they saw the star, they rejoiced with great delight. |
| KJV | When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. |
| ASV | And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. |
| YLT | And having seen the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy, |
| WEB | When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy. |
| BBE | And when they saw the star they were full of joy. |
Where they part company is ἰδόντες and χαρὰν — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is supported by a participial phrase that explains the reason for their joy.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectοἶδα
verbοἶδα
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the New Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — ὁ, the commonest word in the Greek New Testament, stands 19,867 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Matthew 2:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Visit of the Magigenerated
Matthew 2:10 describes the moment when the Magi, having followed the star, experience overwhelming joy upon seeing it. This joy is a response to their recognition of the significance of the star as a sign of the birth of the King. The preceding verses establish the journey of the Magi and their encounter with King Herod, while the following verses detail their worship of the Child and the gifts they present.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 32:13 | He made him ride on the heights of the land and fed him the produce of the field. He nourished him with honey from the rock and oil from the flinty crag, |
| 2 | Psalm 67:4 | Let the nations be glad and sing for joy, for You judge the peoples justly and lead the nations of the earth. Selah |
| 3 | Psalm 105:3 | Glory in His holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the LORD rejoice. |
| 4 | Luke 2:10–20 | But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid! For behold, I bring you good news of great joy that will be for all the people: |
| 5 | Acts 13:46–48 | Then Paul and Barnabas answered them boldly: “It was necessary to speak the word of God to you first. But since you reject it and do not consider yourselves worthy of eternal life, we now turn to the Gentiles. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — χαρὰν, charagenerated
The Greek word χαρὰ (i.e., *chara*) means joy or delight, derived from the verb χαίρω (to rejoice). It conveys a deep and lasting happiness, often associated with positive experiences or good news. In this context, it reflects the profound joy the Magi felt upon recognizing the significance of the star.
Joy is a central theme in the New Testament, often contrasting with sorrow. The Magi's joy here is not just a fleeting emotion; it signifies a deep spiritual response to the revelation of Christ's birth, akin to the joy experienced by the shepherds in Luke 2:10.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'When they saw the star, they rejoiced with great delight.' This wording is echoed in the Webster Bible and Young's Literal Translation, emphasizing the joy experienced by the Magi.
However, the KJV and ASV use 'exceeding great joy,' which highlights the intensity of their happiness. The BBE simplifies this to 'they were full of joy,' while the YLT retains the phrase 'exceeding great joy,' indicating a strong emotional response.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb ἐχάρησαν, they rejoiced, which is followed by a participial phrase ἰδόντες, having seen, explaining the cause of their joy. The structure reflects a causal relationship where the sighting of the star leads directly to their rejoicing.
The phrase χαρὰν μεγάλην serves as the object of their rejoicing, indicating the nature of their joy. The adverb σφόδρα modifies the adjective μεγάλην, intensifying the description of their joy.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
ἀστήρ (i.e., *astēr*) is used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew word כּוֹכָב (H3556), which also means 'star.' This connection underscores the significance of celestial signs in both the Old and New Testaments.
The concept of joy, as expressed by χαρὰ, is similarly reflected in the Hebrew שִׂמְחָה (H8057), emphasizing the continuity of joy as a response to divine revelation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Matthew 2:10 tells us that when the Magi saw the star, they were filled with great joy. This moment highlights their recognition of the star's significance in announcing the birth of Jesus, leading them to rejoice deeply.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This indicates that the Magi experienced a profound happiness upon recognizing the star as a sign of Christ's birth, reflecting their excitement and reverence.
The star serves as a divine sign guiding the Magi to Jesus, symbolizing revelation and the fulfillment of prophecy.
Joy is a recurring theme in the Bible, often associated with the arrival of good news or God's presence, as seen in this passage and others like Luke 2:10.
The Magi's joyful response encourages us to recognize and celebrate the signs of God's work in our lives, similar to how they celebrated the birth of Jesus.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How do I recognize signs of God's presence in my life?
- What brings me joy, and how can I express that joy to others?
- In what ways can I seek to understand and celebrate the significance of Jesus in my life?
- How can I share the joy of my faith with those around me, like the Magi did?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church Fathers comment on this verse, highlighting the significance of the Magi's recognition of Jesus and their joyful response.
Or, the star is the illumination of faith, which leads him to the nearest aid; while they turn aside to the Jews, the Magi lose it; so those who seek counsel of the bad, lose the true light.Early Church Fathers on Matthew 2 →
Let Marcion and Paul of Samosata then blush, who will not see what the Magi saw, those progenitors of the Church adoring God in the flesh.Early Church Fathers on Matthew 2 →
Shame upon Marcion, shame upon Paul of Samosata, for refusing to see what those wise men saw, the forefathers of the Church; for I am not ashamed so to call them. Let Marcion be ashamed, beholding God worshipped in the flesh.Early Church Fathers on Matthew 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Matthew 2:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWhen they saw the star,.... Which by its appearance, size, brightness, c.
Read John Gill on Matthew 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWhen they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy , [ echareesan (G5463) charan (G5479) megaleen (G3173) sfodra (G4970)].
Read Robert Jamieson on Matthew 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleJoy is but the natural consequence of desire satisfied: they had in their own country seen an extraordinary star, which, according to the rules of their own art, they might guess to be an indication of a great Prince born, or, by a Divine revelation, they might know to be so. This kindled in them a strong desire to go and pay a homage to him; upon this they take a long journey to Jerusalem. When they come there they were more fully confirmed, from the answer of the priests and scribes, that there was a Christ to be born in Bethlehem Judah. Thither they go. In their journey the same star they had before seen appears to them again, confirming both their former apprehensions, and, by its…
Read Matthew Poole on Matthew 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments10 When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy. Ver. 10. When they saw the star] The sight whereof they seem to have lost when they turned out of the way; it led them to Jerusalem. But this text is excellently paraphrased and applied by Bishop Hooper, martyr, in a letter of his, written to one Mrs Anne Warcup, in these words (Acts and Mon.): "Such as travelled to find Christ followed only the star, and as long as they saw it, they were assured they were in the right way, and had great mirth in their journey. But when they entered into Jerusalem (whereas the star led them not thither, but unto Bethlehem) and there asked the citizens the thing that the star showed before…
Read John Trapp on Matthew 2 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible10. When they saw the star — Implying that it had before been unseen. Rejoiced with exceeding great joy — The strong terms show how great was the rapture at recovering sight of the lost star.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Matthew 2 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with great delight.
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy.
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with great delight.
When they saw the star they shouted joyfully.
Tyndale line
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
And when they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
And when they sawe the starre, they reioyced with an exceeding great ioy,
Strictly literal
And when they saw the star they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
And having seen the star, they rejoiced with exceeding great joy,
And having seen the star, they rejoiced with exceedingly great joy,
When they saw the star, they rejoiced with very great joy.
From the Latin
And seeing the star they rejoiced with exceeding great joy.
Simplified
When they saw the star they couldn't contain their happiness!
And when they saw the star they were full of joy.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the Nestle 1904 treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The earliest translations — Latin and Syriac
Every translation is an argument about meaning made by someone who had to commit to one. These two were made while the Greek was still a living language, and they are the oldest opinions we have about what this verse says.
Videntes autem stellam gavisi sunt gaudio magno valde.
Jerome revised the Old Latin against the Greek from AD 382; the Latin west read this text for a thousand years.
ܟܕ ܕܝܢ ܚܙܐܘܗܝ ܠܟܘܟܒܐ ܚܕܝܘ ܚܕܘܬܐ ܪܒܬܐ ܕܛܒ
The Bible of the Syriac-speaking church, in the language nearest to the Aramaic Jesus spoke.
Shown verse by verse rather than word by word: aligning a Greek word to its Latin or Syriac counterpart automatically would be guesswork, and a wrong alignment is worse than none.
The Greek editions compared — what the manuscripts actually say
Eight printed editions of the Greek New Testament, side by side. Where they agree the wording is settled; where a word is missing from an edition it is marked, so you can see the difference rather than take it on trust.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The standard critical text of the New Testament.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The previous edition, still widely cited.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The Society of Biblical Literature edition, freely licensed.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The edition that turned scholarship toward the earliest manuscripts.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
An independent critical text built from the oldest witnesses then known.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
A recent critical edition following documentary evidence closely.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The reading of the majority of surviving manuscripts.
ἰδόντες δὲ τὸν ἀστέρα ἐχάρησαν χαρὰν μεγάλην σφόδρα,
The printed tradition behind the King James Version.
A witness that read differently would show its variant word here, marked.
Word by word, across the editions
Every edition agrees. All 8 printed editions — Nestle-Aland 28, Nestle-Aland 27, SBLGNT, Westcott-Hort, Tregelles, Tyndale House 2017, Textus Receptus (KJV), Byzantine majority — carry every word of this verse, in the same order, with no difference that any translator would render differently.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Greek New Testament — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Matthew 2:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Greek lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. Imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, the full Liddell-Scott-Jones, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate LSJ, Robinson and Packard on the Greek, Webster and Cawdrey on the English the translators were using. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Greek word οἶδα (i.e., *oida*) is derived from the root of εἶδον (i.e., *eidon*), meaning 'to see' or 'to perceive.' It primarily conveys the idea of knowing or having knowledge, often used in contexts where one has seen or understood something. The New Testament employs it in various constructions, indicating knowledge of things, people, or concepts.
οἶδα, (from same root as εἶδον, q.v.),
[in LXX chiefly for ידע;]
pf. with pres. meaning (plpf. as impf.; on irregular tense-forms, v. App.),
οἶδα καὶ τὰς προστιμή[σεις τῶν] ὀθονίων ἕως τοῦ ν (ἔτους), ““ἀπᾷ they remit to the overseers of the temples and the chief priests and priests the arrears on account of both the tax for overseers and the values of woven cloths up to the soth year”’ (Edd.): see the editors’ note ad 7. and P Rey L}xxxvii-cvii with the note on p. 175, also OG/ZS go! (Rosetta stone— B.C. 196) τῶν τ᾽ εἰς TO βασιλικὸν συντελουμένων ἐν τοῖς ἱεροῖς βυσσίνων ὀθονίων ἀπέλυσεν τὰ δύο μέρη, {0.25 τὰς τιμὰς τῶν μὴ συντετελεσμένων εἰς τὸ βασιλικὸν βυσσίνων ὀθ[ονίων. On the manufacture of ὀθόνιον (Suid. λεπτὸν ὕφασμα) see Otto Préester i. p. 300f., and cf. the Zeno letter PSI VI. 599 (iii/B.c.), where mention is made of 3 slaves and 1 woman as engaged on the manufacture of each ὀθόνιον. The word ὀθονιοπώλης,, ‘“a linen-seller,”’ is restored by Wilcken in P Leid 13 (B.c. 99) (=I. p. 52); for ὀθονιακός, ‘a…
Read the full entry →εἴδω (eidō) — to perceive: understand.
εἴδω,
no active present in use, ὁράω being used:—middle, see.below [Refs 4th c.BC+]: aorist 2 εἶδον always in sense of see (so in present and aorist 1 middle, to be seen, i.e. seem): but perfect οἶδα, in present sense, know. (With ἔ-ϝιδον, compare (ϝ) είδομαι, (ϝ) εῖδος, Latin videre; with (ϝ) οῖδα, cf. Sanskrit véda, Gothic wait, O[Refs 5th c.BC+] wát 'know'.)
__A aorist 2 εἶδον (late εἶδα [Refs 5th c.AD+]aorist to ὁράω, Epic dialect ἴδον, iterative ἴδεσκε [Refs 8th c.BC+], late Aeolic dialect εὔιδον [Refs]; imperative ἴδε (in Attic dialect written as adverb ἰδέ, behold! Hdn.Gr.2.23), ἴδετ; subjunctive ἴδω, Epic dialect ἴδωμι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; optative ἴδοιμ; infinitive ἰδεῖν, Epic dialect ἰδέει; participle ἰδών: hence, future ἰδησῶ [Refs 3rd c.BC+] —middle, aorist 2 εἰδόμην, Epic dialect…
οἶδα οιδα ὁράω
eido
a primary verb; used only in certain past tenses, the others being
borrowed from the equivalent 3700 and 3708; properly, to see
(literally or figuratively); by implication, (in the perfect tense
only) to know:--be aware, behold, X can (+ not tell), consider, (have)
know(-ledge), look (on), perceive, see, be sure, tell, understand,
wish, wot. Compare 3700.
see GREEK for 3700
see GREEK for 3708
see GREEK for 3700
οἶδα
v.
I know, remember
Verb-2AAP-NPM — Verb · second aorist · active · participle · nominative · plural · masculinenominative — the one doing it — the subject.
Agrees with anything else marked plural masculine.
V-2AAP-NPM Part of Speech: Verb Tense: second Aorist Voice: Active Mood: Participle Case: Nominative Number: Plural Gender: Masculine
381 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 50 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 320 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Counted over the 60 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
τίς γὰρ οὐκ οἶδεν ὅτι πρῶτον μέν ἐστι σπορὰ καὶ φυτεία, δεύτερον δὲ τῶν σπαρέντων καὶ φυτευθέντων αὔξησις, ἡ μὲν εἰς τὸ κάτω ῥίζας ἀποτείνουσα οἱονεὶ θεμελίους, ἡ δ’ εἰς τὸ ἄνω πρὸς ὕψος αἰρομένων καὶ στελεχουμένων;
Προϊὼν δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς Μεσοποταμίας χρόνῳ παρῆν εἰς τὴν Χαρράν, καὶ ποιμένας ἐν τοῖς προαστείοις καταλαβὼν καὶ παῖδας ἐφήβους καὶ παρθένους ὑπέρ τινος ἱδρυμένους φρέατος συνδιέτριβεν αὐτοῖς χρῄζων ποτοῦ εἴς τε λόγους αὐτοῖς ἀφικνούμενος ἀνέκρινεν αὐτούς,…
οἶδεν ὁ τὴν ἔμφυτον δωρεὰν τῆς διδαχῆς αὐτοῦ θέμενος ἐν ἡμῖν.
Πόρτιτος τῶν προκειμένων πάντων. ἔγραψεν Δρύτων Παμφίλου ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν διὰ τὸ φάσκειν αὐτοὺς μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα. ἔτους λδ Τῦβι θ.
δίκης. ἔγραψεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ψεμμίνιος Διονύσιος Ἀρχεδήμου Βερενικεὺς ἀξιωθεὶς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ διὰ τὸ μὴ εἰδέναι γράμματα. ἔτους η Τῦβι κδ.
εἰς Μέμφιν, Ἱέρακα δὲ προκεχειρίσθαι μετὰ δυνάμεων μυρίων ἐπὶ καταστολὴν τῆς Θηβαίδος. ὅπως οὖν εἰδότες εὐθαρσεῖς ὑπάρχητε ἐκρίναμεν σημῆναι. ἔρρωσθε ἔτους λ Φαῶφι ιθ
δέ (de) is a post-positive particle in Greek, primarily used as a conjunction to connect clauses. It can express contrast (but, on the other hand) or continuation (and, also), and is often used to transition between ideas or to add emphasis. In the New Testament, it appears frequently in various contexts, such as contrasting statements or resuming interrupted discourse, with notable examples in Matthew and 2 Corinthians.
δέ (before vowels δ’; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96),
post-positive conjunctive particle;
copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mt 1:2ff., II Co 6:15, 16, II Pe 1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Ro 3:21, 22, 9:30, I Co 2:6, Ga 2:2, Phl 2:8; in transition to something new, Mt 1:18 2:19, Lk 13:1, Jo 7:14, Ac 6:1, Read the full entry →
δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, ef. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover, (W.§ 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more freq. in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. {On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96; WH. App. Ῥ 146; W.§5,1a.; B. p.10sq.] It is used ἘΠ ΟἹ δὲ univ. by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opp. to a preceding statement: ἐὰν yap ἀφῆτε... ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀφῆτε, Mt. vi. 14 sq.; ἐὰν de ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς κτλ. Mt. vi. 23; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι, Mk. ii. 20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of, —either with strong emphasis: ἐγὼ δέ, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39,44; ἡμεῖς de, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; σὺ δέ, Mt. vi. 6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mk. viii. 29; of δὲ…
Read the full entry →δεῖ. For the conjunctive, as in Mt 26%, cf. P Fay 109° (early i/A.D.) ἐάν σε δῇ (for δέῃ) τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον. “even if you have to pawn your cloak” (Edd.). In P Tebt I. 585° (B.c. 111) we have ἐάν followed by the indicative— ἐὰν δεῖ σε συνπεσεῖν τῶι ᾿Ανικήτωι, σύνπεσαι, ‘if you must meet Anicetus, meet him” (Edd.): cf. Mayser G7. p. 325. Other examples of the verb are l’ Par 461® (B.C. 153) διὸ Kal ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι» P Lille I. 267 (iii.B.c.) περὶ (corr. from πεερὶ) δὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους δεήσει ἐπισχεῖν, P Tebt 11. 3414 (A.p. 140-1) δεήσι ἐπισταλῆναι εἰς δάνε[ι]α σπέρματα κατασπίο]ρᾶς KTA., “ΕἼ will be necessary to send on account of loans of seedcorn for the sowing,” etc., AécheZ 1001" © (Theran Doric —c. B.C. 200) no one may bring forward a proposal ὡς δεείσῃ διαλῦσαι τὸ κοινὸν εἰ τὰς θυσίας, P Flor II. 133" (A.D. 257) ἔδι μὲν ὑμᾶς μηδὲ…
Read the full entry →δέ (de) — then.
δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
I. answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. without preceding μέν,
II.1. adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2. copulative,
II.2. a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν…
δέ
de
a primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and,
etc.:--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
δέ
Cj.
but, on the other hand, and
δέ de 2x
a conjunctive particle, marking the superaddition of a clause, whether in opposition or in continuation, to what has preceded, and it may be variously rendered but, on the other hand, and, also, now, etc.; καὶ δέ, when there is a special superaddition in continuation, too, yea, etc. It sometimes is found at the commencement of the apodosis of a sentence, Acts 11:17. It serves also to mark the resumption of an interrupted discourse, 2 Cor. 2:10; Gal. 2:6
δέ but: conjunctive Particle, with adversative force: it commonly answers to μέν, and may often be rendered by while, whereas, on the other hand, v. μέν:— but μέν is often omitted, δέ being used merely to pass on from one thing to another; ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν, θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Il.; etc.; κινεῖ κραδίην κινεῖ δὲ χόλον Eur.
δέ is often redundant,
to introduce the apodosis, where it may be rendered by then, yet, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I will take it, Il.; so at in Lat., si tu oblitus es, at Dii meminerint Catull.
to resume after interruption caused by a parenthesis, where it may be rendered by I say, now, so then, Hdt.
POSITION of δέ: properly second, being often put between the Art. and Subst., the prep. and case.
Conj — Conjunctionconjunction — it joins clauses, and never changes form.
CONJ CONJunction or conjunctive particle
2,937 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 15 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 2,787 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
The definite article — the commonest word in the Greek New Testament at 19,867 occurrences. Greek uses it more freely than English does and can drop it deliberately, so its presence and its absence both carry weight for a translator; but no single occurrence carries a message of its own. Here it simply gathers “the things” into one definite bundle.
ὁ, ἡ, τό,
the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article.
As demonstr. pron.
As freq. in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Ac 17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus).
ὁ 435 ὁ tives of quantity, ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place. d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Ro. ix. 11; ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, Ro. xi. 27; 6 λόγος 6 τοῦ σταυροῦ, 1 Co. i. 18; ἡ εἰς Χριστὸν πίστις, Col. ii. 5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, 1 Th. i. 8; τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους, 2 Co. viii. 4; see many other exx. of each usage in W. 131 (124) sqq.; [B. 91 (80) sqq.]. e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (υὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows [W. § 18, 4; B. § 127, 29-31]; as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Jn. ix. 24 [οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρ. 1, Tr mrg. WH); Acts vi. 13; xxii. 26; ὁ λαὸς οὗτος, Mt. xv. 8; 6 vids σου οὗτος, Lk. xv. 30; plur. Lk. xxiv. 17, and numberless other exx.; οὗτος 6 ἄνθρωπος, Lk. xiv. 30; οὗτος ὁ…
Read the full entry →ὃ, ἡ τό. (1) Apart from connexion with μέν or δέ (see below) the demonstrative use of the art. in the NT is confined to a poetical quotation Ac 1778, but it is not uncommon in the papyri, e.g. P Par 45® (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski®, p. 85) τὰ (for ἃ) πράσεις (Δ πράσσεις), P Oxy VIII. 1160! (iii/iv A.D.) Ta (for ἃ) σεσύλληχα (for συνείληχα) δὲ κέρμα {ταν τηρῶ αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν δίκην, “1 am keeping for the trial the money that I have collected” (Ed.). For the distributive Opéev.. - 6 8€, as in 1 Cor7’, cf. P Lond 535 (B.c. 161) (=I. p. 19, U.P.Z. i. p. 239) kal τὰ μὲν ἡμῶν ἐληφότων εἰς τὴν γινομένην ἡμῖν συντάξειν, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι διὰ τὴν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων {(.. ... > παρελκομένων. (2) The use of the art. as a relative, of which there is no trace in the NT, may again be illustrated by the following papyrus citations from ¢c. A.D. 346—P Lond 414® (= II. Ῥ. 292) γεινῴσκιν oe θέλω περὶ τοῦ βρεουίου…
Read the full entry →ὁ (ho) — the/this/who.
ὁ,
ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,
__A demonstrative Pronoun.
__B in Attic dialect, definite or prepositive Article.
__C in Epic dialect, the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nominative masculine and feminine singular and plural, ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codices and most printed books, except when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, α; the nominative forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] in Aeolic dialect accusative to [Refs 8th c.BC+] genitive and dative dual τοῖιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]— In Doric dialect and all other dialects except Attic dialect and Ionic dialect the feminine forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Doric dialect etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶ; the genitive plural τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶ; the genitive…
ὁ ἡ τό
ho
he hay, and the neuter
to to
in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be
supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one,
he, she, it, etc.
ὁ, ἡ, τό
Article
the
ὁ ho 19x
the prepositive article, answering, to a considerable extent, to the English definite article; but, for the principle and facts of its usage, consult a grammar; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ, the one ... the other, Phil. 1:16, 17; Heb. 7:5, 6, 20, 21, 23, 24; pl. some ... others, Mt. 13:23; 22:5, 6; ὁ δέ, but he, Mt. 4:4; 12:48; οἱ δέ, but others, Mt. 28:17; used, in a poetic quotation, for a personal pronoun, Acts 17:28
ὁ the, that
ὁ, ἡ, τό, is
demonstr. Pronoun.
the definite Article.
in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ῀ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖσι, ταῖσι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν.
DEMONSTR. PRONOUN:
joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's famous son, Il.; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— that aged man, id. Il.; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, id. Il.
Art-ASM — Article · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
T-ASM Part of Speech: definite arTicle Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
THE, an adjective or definitive adjective.
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before nouns which are specific or understood; or it is used to limit their signification to a specific thing or things, or to describe them; as the laws of the twelve tables. the independent tribunals of justice in our country, are the security or private rights, and the best bulwark against arbitrary power. the sun is the source of light and heat.
This he calls the preaching of the cross.
2. the is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular number, to denote a species by way of distinction; a single thing representing the whole. the fig tree putteth forth her green figs; the almond tree shall flourish; the grasshopper shall be a burden.
3. In poetry, the sometimes loses the final vowel before another vowel.
Th' adorning thee with so much art,
Is but a barb'rous skill.
20,685 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 83 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 19,783 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
40 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Τῶν ἄλλων νομοθετῶν οἱ μὲν ἀκαλλώπιστα καὶ γυμνὰ τὰ νομισθέντα παρ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δίκαια διετάξαντο, οἱ δὲ πολὺν ὄγκον τοῖς νοήμασι προσπεριβαλόντες ἐξετύφωσαν τὰ πλήθη μυθικοῖς πλάσμασι τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπικρύψαντες.
ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις καὶ διάταξις τῶν στοιχείων.
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
r βασιλεύοντος Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν Φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιε, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
ιζ Θῶυθ κη ἀπέδοτο Πετεσοῦχος Φίβιος καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τὸ ὕπαρχον αὐτοῖς ἥμισυ περιστερῶνος τοῦ ὄντος ἐν τῶι ἀπὸ βορρᾶ μέρει Παθύρεως χαλκοῦ Γ. ἐπρίατο Ὧρος Νεχούτου.
βασιλευόντων Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιϛ, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
The Greek word ἀστήρ (i.e., *astēr*) means 'star' and is derived from a root associated with brightness. It is used in both literal and metaphorical senses, appearing in various New Testament passages such as Matthew 2:2 and Revelation 1:16. The term can also symbolize angels, particularly in the context of the seven churches. Some sources note additional meanings like 'flame' or 'light.'
ἀστήρ, -έρος, ὁ,
[in LXX chiefly for כּוֹכָב;]
a star: Mt 2:2, 7, 9, 10, Mk 13:25, I Co 15:41, Re 6:13 8:10, 11, 12 9:1 12:1, 4; metaph., ὁ ἀ. ὁ πρωϊνός Re 2:28 22:16; ἀ. πλαῆται, Ju 13; ἀ. ἑπτά, symbolizing the angels of the seven churches, Re 1:16, 20 2:1 3:1 (cf. ἄστρον, and v. DCG, ii, 674 f.; MM, s.v.).†
ἀστήρ, -έρος, ὁ, [fr. r. star (prob. as strewn over the sky), cf. ἄστρον, Lat. stella, Germ. Stern, Eng. star; F ick, Pt. i. 250; Curtius § 205; Vanicek p. 1146; fr. Hom. down]; a star: Mt. ii. 7, 9, 10 [ace. -έραν δὲ" C; see ἄρσην fin.]; xxiv. 29; Mk. xiii. 25; 1 Co. xv. 41; Rev. vi. 13; viii. 10-12; ix. 1; xii. 1,4; ὁ ἀστὴρ αὐτοῦ, the star betokening his birth, Mt. ii. 2 (i. e. ‘the star of the Messiah,’ on which ef. Bertholdt, Christologia Judaeorum § 14; Anger, Der Stern der Weisen, in Niedner’s Zeitschr. f. ἃ. histor. Theol. for 1847, fase. 3; [B. D.s. v. Star of the Wise Men]); by the figure of the seven stars which Christ holds in his right hand, Rey. i. 16; ii. 1; iii. 1, are signified the angels of the seven churches, under the direction of Christ, ibid. i. 20; see what was said s. v. ἄγγελος, 2. ἀστὴρ 6 mpwivds the morning star, Rey. xxii. 16 [Rec. opOpwos]; ii. 28 (δώσω αὐτῷ…
Read the full entry →ἀστήρ. Syli 140" (late iv/B.C.), a list of payments on account of the temple at Delphi, has το[ῦ €]vA[C]vou ἀστέρος τοῦ παρδείγματος ““{π6 pattern of the wooden star’: see note. In OG/S 194 (i/B.c.) it is said of the Egyptian Amon Ra that ὥσπερ λαμπρὸς ἀστὴρ Kal δαίμων ἀγαθὸς τοῖς ἀπελπίἵουσι]ν ἐπέλαμψε. The use made of the same figure in the Apocalypse undoubtedly suggested the fourth century epitaph which Ramsay (Zee, p. 366) discovered on a stone now built into the wall of an early Turkish Khan in Lycaonia— Νεστόριος πρεσβύτερος ἐνθάδε kite ἀστὴρ ὃς ἐνέλαμπεν ἐν ἐκλησίεσιν θεοῦ.
ἀστήρ (astēr) — star.
ἀστήρ, ὁ,
genitive έρος: dative plural ἀστράσι[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἄστρασι [Refs 4th c.AD+]:—star (see. ἄστρον), ἀστέρ᾽ ὀπωρινῷ[Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἀ. Ἀρκτοῦρος the chief star in the constellation, [Refs], etc.; shooting star or meteor, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
2. flame, light, fire, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
3. ἀστὴρ πέτρινος meteoric stone, [Refs]
II. metaphorically of illustrious persons, etc., φανερώτατον ἀστέρ᾽ Ἀθήνας[Refs 7th c.BC+]
III. star-fish, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
IV. name of a bird, perhaps goldfinch, [Refs]
V. blue daisy, Aster Amellus, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
VI. Samian clay used as sealing-wax, and in Medicine, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
VII. architectural ornament, [Refs 4th c.BC+]
VIII. bandage, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
VIII.2. name of various remedies, [Refs]
ἀστήρ
aster
probably from the base of 4766; a star (as strown over the sky),
literally or figuratively:--star.
see GREEK for 4766
ἀστήρ, έρος, ὁ
n.m.
a star
ἀστήρ The Root is ΣΤΕΡ, α being euphon. , cf. Lat. stella, i. e. sterula. dat. pl. = ἄστρασι not ἀστράσι a star, Il., etc.; cf. ἄστρον.
a flame, light, fire, Eur.
Noun-ASM — Noun · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-ASM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
Under the name of stars, the Hebrew comprehended all the constellations, planets, and heavenly luminaries, except the sun and moon. The psalmist, to exalt the power and omniscience of God, says, "He telleth the number of the stars; he calleth them all by their names," Ps 147:4; God being described as a king taking a review of his army, and knowing the name of every one of his soldiers. Christ is called "the Morning Star," which is the brightest of the heavenly train, and ushers in the day, Re 22:16. Compare Nu 24:17. To express increase and multiplication, Scripture uses the similitude of the stars of heaven, or of the sands of the sea, Ge 15:5 22:17 26:4
24 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 3 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 24 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 11 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
καὶ ἔστιν ὑπερουράνιος ἀστήρ, πηγὴ τῶν αἰσθητῶν ἀστέρων, ἣν οὐκ ἂν ἀπὸ σκοποῦ καλέσειεν ἄν τις παναύγειαν, ἀφ’ ἧς ἥλιος καὶ σελήνη καὶ οἱ ἄλλοι πλάνητές τε καὶ ἀπλανεῖς ἀρύτονται, καθ’ ὅσον ἑκάστῳ δύναμις, τὰ πρέποντα φέγγη, τῆς ἀμιγοῦς καὶ καθαρᾶς…
τὸν ἥλιον γὰρ ἔδοξε τὴν σελήνην παραλαβόντα καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς ἀστέρας ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν κατελθεῖν καὶ προσκυνεῖν αὐτόν.
τοῦτο λέγει: ὅταν ἐλθὼν ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ καταργήσει τὸν καιρὸν τοῦ ἀνόμου καὶ κρινεῖ τοὺς ἀσεβεῖς καὶ ἀλλάξει τὸν ἥλιον καὶ τὴν σελήνην καὶ τοὺς ἀστέρας, τότε καλῶς καταπαύσεται ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῇ ἑβδόμῃ.
ἐμὸν δηλοῦν ἃ … τὰ γράμματα, ἀλλὰ ἕτερα … ἄχρι οὗ καὶ θεοὶ καὶ ἀστέρες … τὴν ἡμέραν καὶ κατατύχω … ροι τ … ς ἐγενομην πα… ου αχ
οξεσιν … σφραγῖδες … σημειωσαι … υστηοπα … σερ … ι … … μʼ ἀστέρων … λε διαστητε … ν ἤμειβεν ον… ητε καὶ ενον … τροματηρ … ηκωσιν
τυγχάνῳ μέλλουσα … ο γὰρ … τας ἐκεῖ ο … αστηρ … … ξην … διαλήμψεσθαι διὰ ἀποφάσεως οὕτως Ἀντώνιος Γρηγόριος ὁ διασημότατος ἡγούμενος Θηβαίδος
χαίρω is a Greek verb meaning to rejoice or be glad. It is used in various contexts, including greetings and farewells, as well as expressing joy in response to good news. The New Testament features it in verses like Matthew 2:10 and Philippians 4:10. It can also appear in forms of salutation, such as χαῖρε (hail) and χαίρετε (greetings).
χαίρω
[in LXX for שָׂמַח (Ge 45:16, al.), גִּיל (Pr 2:14, al.), etc.; inf., as greeting (v. infr.), Is 48:22 57:21 שָׁלוֹם), I Mac 10:18, II Mac 1:1 and freq. in these books ;]
to rejoice, be glad: Mk 14:11, Lk 15:5, 32 19:6, 37 22:5 23:8, Jo 4:36 8:56 20:20, Ac 5:41 8:39 11:23 13:48, II Co 6:10 7:7 13:9, Phl 2:17, 28, Col 2:5, I Th 5:16, Read the full entry →
χαίρω; impf. ἔχαιρον; fut. χαρήσομαι (Lk. i. 14; In. xvi. 20, 22; Phil. i. 18, for the earlier form χαιρήσω, cf. [W. 90 (86); B. 68 (60)]; Bétm. Ausf. Spr. ii. 322 sq. ; Matthiae ὃ 255 s.v.; Kiihner $343 s.v.; Kriiger § 40 s.v.; [Veitchs. y.]), once χαρῶ (Rev. xi. 10 Rec., a form occurring nowhere else); 2 aor. [pass. as act.] ἐχάρην cf. συγχαίρω, init.]; fr. Hom. down; Sept. for nov, m1, wi; to rejoice, be glad; a. in the prop. and strict sense: [Mk. xiv. 11]; Lk. xv. δ, [32]; xix. 6, 37; viii. 89; xi. 235 xiii. 48; 2 Co. [vi. 10]; vii. 7; xiii. 9,11 ΘΒ refer this to b. in the sense of farewell]; Phil. ii. 17, 28; Col. ii. 5; 1 Th. v.16; 1 Pet. iv. 18; 5. Jn. 3; opp. to κλαίειν, Ro. xii. 153 1 Co. vii. 30; opp. to κλαίειν x. θρηνεῖν, In. xvi. 20; opp. to λύπην ἔχειν, ib. 22; joined with ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι, Mt. v. 12; Rey. xix. 7; with oxiprav, Lk. vi. 23 ; χαίρειν ἐν κυρίῳ (see ἐν, I. 6 Ὁ. Ὁ.…
Read the full entry →χαίρω, “rejoice”: P Eleph 133 (B.C. 223-222) ἐκομισάμην τὴν παρὰ σοῦ ἐπιστολήν, ἣν ἀναγνοὺς ἐχάρην (οί. Proleg. Ρ. 161) ἐπὶ τῶι με αἰσθέσθαι τὰ κατὰ σέ, P Berol 11662% (time of Claudius) (= Olsson, p. 190) πρὸ μὲν πάντων ἐχάρην μεγάλως λαβών σου [ἐἸπιστολήν, ὅτι ὑγειαίνεις, similarly P Giss I. 21% (time of Trajan), BGU II. 531}: 5 (ii/a.D.), and P Oxy I. 4117 (iii/iv a.D.) ἐπὶ τούτῳ σφόδρα χαίρω. It should be noted that in Phil 31, 44, RV marg. renders χαίρετε by ‘‘farewell.”’ Lightfoot (Comm. ad //.) combines the two meanings “‘ farewell” and “‘ rejoice,” but the latter is generally preferred by the commentators. The verb is very common in the opening address of letters, asin Ac 1578, 253. cf. Jas 17, e.g. ἘΣ Eleph 10” (B.c. 223— 222) Evdppovios Μίλωνι χαίρειν (for imper. inf. see Proleg. p- 179f.), P Oxy II. 2925 (c. A.D. 25) Θέων Τυράννωι τῶι τιμιωτάτωι πλεῖστα χαίρειν, P Ryl 11.…
Read the full entry →χαίρω (chairō) — to rejoice.
χαίρω,
[Refs 8th c.BC+]; 3rd.pers. plural imperative χαιρόντων [Refs 5th c.BC+]: imperfect, Epic dialect χαῖρον [Refs 8th c.BC+], Ionic dialect χαίρεσκον [Refs]: future χαιρήσω [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Epic dialect reduplicate infinitive κεχᾰρησέμεν [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later χᾰρῶ variant in [NT]: aorist ἐχαίρησα [Refs 1st c.AD+]: perfect κεχάρηκα [Refs 5th c.BC+], participle -ηκώς[Refs 8th c.BC+] —middle (in same sense), χαίρομαι, noted as a barbarism in [Refs 5th c.BC+]future χᾰρήσομαι Ps.-[Refs 2nd c.BC+]; Doric dialect χαρησοῦμαι [LXX+4th c.BC+]; Epic dialect κεχᾰρήσομαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]: aorist 1 participle χαιρησάμενος [Refs 2nd c.AD+]: Epic dialect aorist 1 χήρατο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; participle χηράμενος [Refs 1st c.AD+]: Epic dialect reduplicate aorist 2, 3rd.pers. plural κεχάροντο [Refs 8th c.BC+]; optative 3rd.pers. singular and plural κεχάροιτο…
Read the full entry →χαίρω
chairo
a primary verb; to be "cheer"ful, i.e. calmly happy or well-off;
impersonally, especially as salutation (on meeting or parting), be
well:--farewell, be glad, God speed, greeting, hall, joy(- fully),
rejoice.
χαίρω
v.
I rejoice, am glad
χαίρω chairō 74x
to rejoice, be glad, be joyful, be full of joy, Mt. 2:10; 5:12; 18:13; Mk. 14:11; Rom. 12:12; 2 Cor. 2:3; a term of salutation, Hail! Mt. 26:49; λέγω χαίρειν, to greet, 2 Jn. 10:11; an epistolary forth, Health! Acts 15:23
χαίρω Root ΧΑΡ to rejoice, be glad, be delighted Hom., etc.; χ. θυμῶι or ἐν θυμῶι, χ. φρεσὶν ἧισι id. Hom.:—c. dat. rei, to rejoice at, be delighted with, take delight in a thing, id. Hom., etc.; so, χαίρειν ἐπί τινι Soph., Xen.:— c. part., χαίρω τὸν μῦθον ἀκούσας I rejoice at having heard, Il.; χαίρεις ὁρῶν Eur.; χαίρω φειδόμενος Ar.;— with part. pres. χαίρω sometimes takes the sense of φιλέω, to be wont to do, χαίρουσι χρεώμενοι Hdt., etc.
with negat., οὐ χαιρήσεις thou wilt or shalt not rejoice, i. e. thou shalt not go unpunished, shalt repent it, Ar.; so in Hom., οὐδέ τιν᾽ οἴω Τρώων χαιρήσειν Il.; so with an interrog., σὺ χαιρήσειν νομίζεις; Plut.: v. inf. IV. 2
Read the full entry →Verb-2AOI-3P — Verb · second aorist · passive deponent · indicative · third person · pluralsecond aorist passive deponent indicative — a completed action, viewed as a whole.
V-2AOI-3P Part of Speech: Verb Tense: second Aorist Voice: passive depOnent Mood: Indicative Person: third Number: Plural
74 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 29 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 74 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 33 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
χαίρει γὰρ τὰ μέν τινα τεναγώδει καὶ οὐ πάνυ βαθείᾳ θαλάττῃ, τὰ δ’ ὑποδρόμοις καὶ λιμέσι μήτ’ ἐπὶ γῆν ἀνέρπειν μήτε πόρρω γῆς ἐπινήχεσθαι δυνάμενα, τὰ δὲ κατὰ μέσον καὶ βαθὺ πέλαγος διαιτώμενα τὰς προκεχυμένας ἄκρας ἢ νήσους ἢ πέτρας ἐκτρέπεται·
ἦσαν δέ τινες, οἳ πόθῳ τῆς ἱστορίας ἐπʼ αὐτήν με προύτρεπον, καὶ μάλιστα δὴ πάντων Ἐπαφρόδιτος ἀνὴρ ἅπασαν μὲν ἰδέαν παιδείας ἠγαπηκώς, διαφερόντως δὲ χαίρων ἐμπειρίαις πραγμάτων, ἅτε δὴ μεγάλοις μὲν αὐτὸς ὁμιλήσας πράγμασι καὶ τύχαις πολυτρόποις,…
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
Ποήρει Νεχούτου καὶ … ως καὶ Πετααρσεμθεῖ … … … η Φατρήους καὶ … χαίρειν καὶ ἐρρωμένοις διευτυχεῖν. ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρίστην μνείαν ποιούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς
r Πλάτων Νεχθύρει χαίρειν. ἐξωρμήκαμεν ἐκ Λάτων πόλεως ἀντιληψόμενοι τῶν ἐνεστηκότων κατὰ τὸ συμφέρον τοῖς πράγμασι καὶ γεγραφότες
r Πλάτων τοῖς ἐν Παθύρει ἱερεῦσι καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς κατοικοῦσι χαίρειν. γέγραφεν ἡμῖν Φιλόξενος ὁ ἀδελφὸς διʼ ὧν κεκόμικεν ἡμῖν Ὄρσης γραμμάτων περὶ τοῦ τὸν
χαρά (chara) means joy or delight, derived from the verb χαίρω (to rejoice). It appears frequently in the New Testament, often contrasting with sorrow or sadness. Notable references include Luke 1:14 and Philippians 1:25. The word encompasses both the feeling of joy and its causes, such as faith or good news.
χαρά, -ᾶς, ἡ
(< χαίρω),
[in LXX for שִׂמְחָה, שָׂשׂוֹן, etc. ;]
joy, delight: Lk 1:14 15:7, 10, Jo 15:11 16:22, 24 17:13, Ac 8:8, II Co 1:24 7:13 8:2, Ga 5:22, Col 1:11, Phl 2:2, I Jo 1:4, II Jo 12; opp. to κατήφεια, Ja 4:9; to λύπη, Jo 16:20; χ. τῆς πίστεως, Phl 1:25; ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι (χαίρειν, q.v.), χαρᾷ, Jo 3:29, I Pe 1:8; χ. ἔχειν, Phm 7; πληροῦν (-οῦσθαι) χαρᾶς, Ac 13:52, Ro 15:13, II Ti 1:4; ποιεῖν χ. μεγάλην, Ac 15:3; ἀπὸ τῆς χ., Mt…
χαρά, -as, ἡ, (χαίρω), fr. Aeschyl. and Soph. down, Sept. for ANDY and ww, joy, gladness ; ΤΠ 1] "τ σὲ 14; χν. 7,10; Jn. χν. 11; xvi. 22, 24; xvii. 18; Acts viii. 8; 2 Co. vii. 13; viii. 2; Gal. v. 22; Col.i.11; Phil. ii 2; 1Jn.i.4; 2Jn.12; opp. ἴο κατήφεια, Jas. iv.9; opp. to λύπη, Jn. xvi. 20; 2 Co. ii.3; Heb. xii.11; ὑμῶν, 1. 6. the joy received from you, 2 Co. i. 24 (opp. to the ‘sorrow’ which Paul on returning to Corinth would both experience and give, ii. 1-3) ; χαρὰ τῆς πίστεως, springing from faith, Phil. i. 25 ; χαίρειν χαρὰν pey- Mt. ii. 10 [W. § 32, 2; B.131, 5]; ἀγαλλιᾶσθαι χαρᾷ, 1 Pet. i. 8; χαρὰν [Rec." χάριν] πολλὴν ἔχειν ἐπί with a dat. of the thing, Philem. 7; πληροῦν τινα χαρᾶς, Ro. xv. 13; πληροῦσθαι χαρᾶς, Acts xiii. 52; 2 Tim. i. 4; ποιεῖν τινε χαρὰν μεγάλην, Acts xv. 33; ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς. for joy, Mt. xiii. 44; Lk. xxiv. 41; Acts xii. 14; ἐν χαρᾷ (ἔρχεσθαι), Ro. xv.…
Read the full entry →χαρά, “joy”: BGU IV. 11415 (B.c. 14) μετὰ] πολλῇς [χ]αρᾶς, P Fay 20! (iii/iv A.D.) an edict, perhaps of the Emperor Julian (see Avchiv ii. p. 169) which begins—8[rrw]s μὴ διὰ τὸ τῆς χαρᾶς TH[s] ἑαυτῶν δήλωσιν ποιήσασθαι ε. . . νην ἐπ᾽ ἐμοὶ παρελθόντι ἐπὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν . . ., ‘lest for the sake . οὗ making a manifestation of their joy at my accession to empire . . .” (Edd.), P Iand I. 1318 (iv/a.p.) ἵνα μετὰ χαρᾶς σε ἀπολάβωμεν (cf. Mt 1339), and the inscr. Preisigke 991° (A.D. 290) μετὰ πάσης χαρᾶς Kal ἱλαρίας. In the Christian P Oxy VIII. 1162° Λέων πρεσβύτερος τοῖς πρεσβυτὶ ἔϊροις καὶ διακώνοις ἀ[γ]απητοῖ!ς] ἀδελφοῖς ἐν κ(υρίγῳ θ(ε)ῷ χαρᾷ χα[ί]ρειν, ‘‘ Leon, presbyter, to the presbyters and deacons, beloved brothers in the Lord God, fullness of joy ”’(Ed.), we have an ex. of the cogn. dat., as in Jn 355: for a corresponding usage in the LXX, cf. Thackeray Gr. i. p. 48 ff. Χαρά is common…
Read the full entry →χαρά (chara) — joy.
χᾰρά, ἡ:
(χαίρω):— joy, delight, first in [Refs 7th c.BC+] of a hungry man, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; with genitive objecti, joy in or at a thing, μελέων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; πρὸς χαρὰν λόγων in accordance with joyous tidings, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κέρτομος θεοῦ χ. a joy sent by some mocking god, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; λέγεις μοι χαράν wishest me joy, [NT+5th c.BC+]with joy, [LXX+5th c.BC+]; χαρᾶς ὕπο [Refs 5th c.BC+]; opposed to λύπη, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II. in concrete sense, a joy, of persons, χ. μου [NT]
χαρά
chara
from 5463; cheerfulness, i.e. calm delight:--gladness, X greatly, (X
be exceeding) joy(-ful, -fully, -fulness, -ous).
see GREEK for 5463
χαρά, ᾶς, ἡ
n.f.
joy, gladness
χαρά chara 59x
joy, gladness, rejoicing, Mt. 2:10; 13:20, 44; 28:8; meton, joy, cause of joy, occasion of rejoicing, Lk. 2:10; Phil. 4:1; 1 Thess. 2:19, 20; bliss, Mt. 25:21, 23
χαρά χα^ρά, ἡ, χαίρω joy, delight, Trag., etc.;—but c. gen. objecti, joy in or at a thing, Eur.; κέρτομος θεοῦ χ. a joy sent by some god to grieve my heart, id. Eur.:— χαρᾷ with joy, Aesch.; so, χαρᾶς ὕπο id. Aesch.; σὺν χαρᾷ Soph.
a joy, of persons, NTest.
Noun-ASF — Noun · accusative · singular · feminineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular feminine.
N-ASF Part of Speech: Noun Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Feminine
joi (simchah; chara):
1. Terms:
The idea of joy is expressed in the Old Testament by a wealth of synonymous terms that cannot easily be differentiated. The commonest is simchah (1Sa 18:6, etc.), variously translated in English Versions of the Bible "joy," "gladness," "mirth"; from sameah, properly "to be bright," "to shine" (Pr 13:9, "The light of the righteous rejoiceth," literally, "is bright"), but generally used figuratively "to rejoice," "be glad" (Le 23:40 and very frequent).
Other nouns are masos and sason, both from sus, properly "to spring," "leap," hence, "exult," "rejoice"; rinnah, "shouting." "joy"; gil, from verb gil or gul, "to go in a circle," hence, "be excited" (dancing round for joy), "rejoice." In the New…
59 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 59 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 20 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
ἀρετῇ δὲ ἁρμόττον εἰρήνη καὶ εὐπάθεια καὶ χαρά, ἐν οἷς τὸ τρυφᾶν ὡς ἀληθῶς ἐστι.
ποιήσαντος δὲ τοῦ οἰκέτου τὰ ἐντεταλμένα μεθʼ ἡμέραν οὐδὲν τούτων εἰδότες οἱ τοῦ Ἰακώβου παῖδες ἀπῄεσαν ἀπειληφότες τὸν Σεμεῶνα καὶ διπλῆν χαρὰν χαίροντες ἐπί τε τούτῳ κἀπὶ τῷ Βενιαμὶν ἀποκομίζειν τῷ πατρί, καθὼς ὑπέσχοντο.
χαρὰν γὰρ καὶ ἀγαλλίασιν ἡμῖν παρέξετε, ἐὰν ὑπήκοοι γενόμενοι τοῖς ὑφ̓ ἡμῶν γεγραμμένοις διὰ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος ἐκκόψητε τὴν ἀθέμιτον τοῦ ζήλους ὑμῶν ὀργὴν κατὰ τὴν ἔντευξιν.
κόλλημα Πρωτάρχῳ τῷ ἐπὶ τοῦ κριτηρίου παρὰ Χαρᾶς τῆς Μενελάου μετὰ κυρίου Ἀκουσιλάου τοῦ Ἐλυρίου καὶ παρὰ Νικαρίου τῆς Πτολεμαίου Περσίνης μετὰ
ἐπιστολὴν μόνην η … διεστάμεθα ἀφʼ ὡς ἀπα … ων. διὸ καὶ μετὰ πολλῆς χαρᾶς κατέσχον αὐτοὺς … … δὲ τούτους καὶ τὰ δέοντα … … ου ποιεῖν κατανθρωπίζεται.
ἐποίησα, ἵνα μὴ ἐπιγραφήν σοι παραλίπῃς διὰ ἐμέ. ἔρρωσο ἄδελφε τιμιώτατε πανοικί … εδη χαράν Παχὼν θ ἔτους ἐν … υ Τραιανοῦ Καίσαρος τοῦ κυρίου
μέγας is an adjective meaning 'great' or 'large,' used to describe size, intensity, or importance. It can refer to physical dimensions, such as a stone or city, or to abstract qualities like love or fear. In the New Testament, it appears in various contexts, including Matthew 2:10 and Revelation 11:8. The word has comparative and superlative forms: μείζων (greater) and μέγιστος (greatest).
μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα, [(τοϊαϊοα to Lat. magnus, ADEE Goth. maist (cf. τὸ πλεῖστον), etc.; Vaniéek p. 682; Cur tius ὃ 462)], ace. μέγαν. μεγάλην, μέγα; plur. pokes ται, -a; comp. μείζων, -ον, (acc. πιᾶξο. and fem. μείζονα, once contr. μείζω, Jn. v. 36 [RG T WH, but L Tr μείζων (cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 119)]; neut. plur. μείζονα, once contr. μείζω, Jn. i. 50 (51)) and pectorepos, 3 Jn. 4 (fr. the compar. μείζων), a poet. compar., on which see the remark quoted under ἐλαχιστότερος, cf. Matthiae § 136; superl. μέγιστος (found only in 2 Pet. i. 4); [fr. Hom. down]; Sept. for ὮΥΤΔ; also for 31; great; 1. predicated a. of the external form or sensible appearance of things (or of persons); in particular, of space and its dimensions, — as respects a. mass and weight: λίθος, Mt. xxvii. 60; Mk. xvi. 4; Rev. xviii. 21; ὄρος, Rey. viii. 8; ἀστήρ, ibid. 10; δράκων Rev. xii. 3,9; ἀετός, ibid. 14; δένδρον…
Read the full entry →μέγας (B.C. 112) (= Selections, p. 30) μεγαλοίυϊπρεπέστερον ἐγδεχθήτωι, ‘let him be received with special magnificence ” (Edd.), PSI V. 4818 (v/vi a.p.) Tavptvyos ὃ μεγαλοπρεπέστί(ατος), and P Amh II. 154° (vi/vii A.D.) τοῦ peyadoπρε(πεστάτου) χαρτουλαρίου, ‘the most magnificent secretary.” For the subst. as a title of address cf. P Oxy VIII. 1163* (v/a.D.) ἐρωτηθὶς παρὰ τῆς αὐτοῦ μεγαλοπρεπίας ὅσα ἐχρῆν ἀνεδίδαξα αὐ τ]ὸν περὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας μεγαλο| πρεπίας, ‘Son the inquiry of his magnificence I told him what was fitting about your magnificence,” 76. I. 155° (vi/A.D.) ἐπειδὴ αἱ προσκυνοῦσαι τὴν ὑμετέραν μεγαλοπρί(έπειαν) καὶ τὰ παιδία ἀρρωστοῦσιν, ὡς ἔθος ἔχει τὸ ὑμῶν μέγεθος χαρίζεσθαί μου τοῦ λογαρίου, ‘since your magnificence’s obedient servants and their children are ill, I hope your highness will excuse my account” (Edd.). | , μεγαλύνω. With the use of this verb in the pass. in Phil…
Read the full entry →μέγας (megas) — great.
μέγᾰς, μεγάλη [ᾰ], μέγα [ᾰ],
genitive μεγάλου, ης, ου, dative μεγάλῳ, ῃ, ῳ, accusative μέγᾰν, μεγάλην, μέγα [ᾰ]; dual μεγάλω, α, w; plural μεγάλοι, μεγάλαι, μεγάλα, etc.: the stem μεγάλο- is never used in singular nominative and accusative masculine and neuter, and only once in vocative masculine,
__A ὦ μεγάλε Ζεῦ [Refs 4th c.BC+]
__A.I big, of bodily size: frequently of stature, εἶδος.. μ. ἦν ὁράασθαι [Refs 8th c.BC+]; φῶτα μέγαν καὶ καλόν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; φύσιν τίν᾽ εἶχε φράζ; Answ. μέγας [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.I.b full-grown, of age as shown by stature, νῦν δ᾽ ὅτε δὴ μ. εἰμί [Refs 8th c.BC+]; later, elder of two persons of the same name, Wilcken [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; Σκιπίων ὁ…
μέγας
megas
(including the prolonged forms, feminine megale, plural
megaloi, etc.; compare also 3176, 3187); big (literally or
figuratively, in a very wide application):--(+ fear) exceedingly,
great(-est), high, large, loud, mighty, + (be) sore (afraid), strong,
X to years.
see GREEK for 3176
see GREEK for 3187
μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα
Adj. & Comp.adv.
large, great
μέγας megas 243x
great, large in size, Mt. 27:60; Mk. 4:32; great, much, numerous, Mk. 5:11; Heb. 11:26; great, grown up, adult, Heb. 11:24; great, vehement, intense, Mt. 2:10; 28:8; great, sumptuous, Lk. 5:29; great, important, weighty, of high importance, 1 Cor. 9:11; 13:13; great, splendid, magnificent, Rev. 15:3; extraordinary, wonderful, 2 Cor.…
Read the full entry →μέγας Radic. sense, opp. to μικρός, σμικρός, big, great, of men's stature, tall, Hom.; of women, καλή τε μεγάλη τε Od.:—also, great, full-grown, of age as shewn by stature, id. Od., Aesch.
vast, high, οὐρανός, ὄρος, πύργος Hom.
vast, spacious, wide, πέλαγός, αἰγιαλός, etc., id. Hom.
of Degree, great, strong, mighty, of gods, id. Hom., etc.; μεγάλα θεά, of Demeter and Proserpine, Soph.; μέγας ηὐξήθη rose to greatness, Dem.; βασιλεὺς ὁ μέγας, i. e. the King of Persia, le grand monarque, Hdt.; βασιλεὺς μέγας Aesch.; ὁ μ. ἐπικληθεὶς Ἀντίοχος the Great, Polyb.
great, strong, violent, etc., ἄνεμος, λαῖλαψ Hom.; of properties, passions, etc., id. Hom., etc.
Adj-ASF — Adjective · accusative · singular · feminineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular feminine.
A-ASF Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Feminine
246 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 27 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 243 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Counted over the 340 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
καὶ γὰρ λόγον καὶ ἀκοὴν ὑπερβάλλει μείζω καὶ σεμνότερα ὄντα ἢ ὡς θνητοῦ τινος ὀργάνοις ἐναρμοσθῆναι.
ἀλλʼ ἐπειδὴ μείζων ἦν ἡ τοῦδε τοῦ λόγου περιβολή, κατʼ αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον χωρίσας ταῖς ἰδίαις ἀρχαῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ τῷ τέλει τὴν γραφὴν συνεμέτρησα·
Μεγάλων μὲν ὄντων καὶ πλουσίων τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιωμάτων εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθ̓ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μακαρίοις καὶ ἐνδόξοις ὑμῶν πνεύμασιν: οὕτως ἔμφυτον τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε.
καὶ θεοῦ Φιλοπάτορος Νέου καὶ θεοῦ Εὐεργέτου καὶ θεῶν Φιλομητόρων Σωτήρων, ἱεροῦ πώλου Ἴσιδος μεγάλης μητρὸς θεῶν, ἀθλοφόρου Βερενίκης Εὐεργέτιδος, κανηφόρου Ἀρσινόης Φιλαδέλφου, ἱερείας Ἀρσινόης Φιλοπάτορος τῶν ὄντων ἐν
μετὰ τὴν ἐκείνου τελευτὴν τῶν λοιπῶν κρατουσῶν, Ἀρίστων Ἀθηνοδότου τῶν ἀπὸ Διὸς πόλεως τῆς μεγάλης βιαιότερον ἐμβατεύσας εἰς τὸ δηλούμενον ἔδαφος τοῦ ἀμπελῶνος καὶ εἰς τὰ συνκύροντα τούτωι ἐν
μέρος ἧς ἐμισθώσατο σὺν Πακοίβι Σχώτου καὶ τοῖς μετόχοις γῆς σιτοφόρου λεγομένης Νεχθαραῦτι θεοῦ μεγάλου παρὰ τῶν ἱερέων ἐτῶν δέκα εἰς τὰ ἐνλιπόντα αὐτῷ ἑτέρων , τεσσάρων εἰς συμπλήρωσιν
The Greek word σφόδρα (transliterated as sphodra) is an adverb meaning 'very much' or 'exceedingly.' It is derived from the adjective σφοδρός (violent, excessive) and is used with verbs and adjectives in various contexts, including several New Testament verses. The word emphasizes intensity or degree, appearing in passages like Matthew and Acts.
σφόδρα (properly neut. plur. of σφοδρός, vehement, violent), fr. Pind. and Hdt. down, exceedingly, greatly : placed after adjectives, Mt.ii.10; Mk. xvi.4; Lk. xviii. 23; Rev. xvi. 21; with verbs, Mt. xvii. 6, 23; xviii. $1; xix. 25; xxvi. 22; xxvii. 54; Acts vi. 7.
σφόδρα, ‘‘creatly,’’ ‘exceedingly ᾿᾿: (a) with verbs—P Oxy IV. 70571 (A.D. 200-2) κῶμαί τινες. . . σφ[ό]δρα ἐξησθένησαν, “certain villages are utterly exhausted,” owing to public burdens, 24. I. 4117 (iii/iv A.D.) ἐπὶ τούτῳ σφόδρα χαίρω, 76. XIV. 1680! (iii/iv A.D.) ἀκούω ὅτι σφόδρα ᾿Ἡράκλειος © viv ἐπίτροπος ἵητεῖ oe, “1 hear that Heraclius the present overseer is vigorously searching for you’’ (Edd.), and PSI VII. 82724 (iv/a.p.) σφόδρα Θεῶνα φιλῶ : (b) with adjective—P Cairo Zen I. 590608 (B.c. 257) σφόδρα ὀλίγου χρόνου. For the adj. σφοδρός see P Tebt II. 2727 (late ii/A.D.) ϑί[ψο]ς . . . σφοδρόν, BGU IV. 10241 19 (iv/v A.D.) σφοδρὰν (/. σφοδρὸν) ἔρωτα.
σφόδρα (sphodra) — very.
σφόδρ-ᾰ,
adverb, properly neuter plural of σφοδρός, very much, exceedingly:
I. with Verbs, ἐμήδιζον γὰρ σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; καὶ σ. πείθει persuades them too well, [Refs]; σ. λέγειν with vehemence, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. κολάζειν severely, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. ὁρίσασθαι exactly, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; σ. χαίρω I am exceedingly glad, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]
I.2. with adjectives, σ. ὑπέρτεροι far superior, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μισόδημον σ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἁλμυρὸν σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; κακοδαίμων σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; πολλοῦ σ. at a very high price, very dear, [Refs]; πολλοὶ σ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; χαρὰ μεγάλη σ. [NT]
σφόδρα
sphodra
neuter plural of sphodros (violent; of uncertain derivation) as
adverb; vehemently, i.e. in a high degree, much:-- exceeding(-ly),
greatly, sore, very.
σφόδρα
Adv
exceedingly, greatly
σφόδρα very, very much, exceedingly, violently, Hdt., Soph., etc.: with Adjs., σφ. ὑπέρτεροι far superior, Pind.; σφ. ἄδικος Plat.:—with a Subst., τὴν σφόδρα φιλίαν id. Plat.
σφόδρα γε, καὶ σφ. γε, in answers, most certainly, id. Plat.
from σφοδρός
Adv — Adverbadverb — it qualifies the verb, and never changes form.
ADV ADVerb or adverb and particle combined
11 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 4 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 11 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 156 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
ὁ δὲ θεασάμενος ἣν πρότερον εἶχε δύναμιν καὶ καθ’ ἕξιν ἠρεμοῦσαν νῦν ἀποτέλεσμα καὶ ἐνέργειαν γεγενημένην καὶ κινουμένην, θαυμάζει τε καὶ ἀναφθέγγεται φάσκων ὅτι οὐκ ἔστιν ἀλλοτρία αὑτοῦ, ἀλλὰ σφόδρα οἰκεία·
Οἱ δὲ Νώχου παῖδες τρεῖς ὄντες Σημᾶς καὶ Ἰαφθᾶς καὶ Χαμᾶς ἔτεσιν ἑκατὸν ἔμπροσθεν τῆς ἐπομβρίας γεγονότες, πρῶτοι κατελθόντες ἀπὸ τῶν ὀρῶν εἰς τὰ πεδία τὴν ἐν τούτοις οἴκησιν ἐποιήσαντο, καὶ τοὺς ἄλλους σφόδρα δεδιότας διὰ τὸν κατακλυσμὸν τὰ πεδία…
τη … … … … … … ἀλλήλοις. σὺ γὰρ οὖν σφόδρα … ν … ὑπό τε τῶν ἐν χερσὶ πραγμάτων καὶ τῆς πρὸς τὴν ὑποστροφὴν
μου Ἀνικήτου τοῦ καὶ Ῥεμμίου Αὐρηλίους Α … … καὶ Ῥέμμιον καὶ Αὐρηλίαν Εὐδαιμονίδα σφόδρα κομιδῇ ἀπόρους ἀπολελειμμένους τὴν ἀξίωσιν ποιοῦμαι ᾗ σύνψηφος γένοιτο ἀναγκαιοτάτῃ τυγχανούσῃ καὶ ἡ σὴ
Κλεόπατρος ὁ διασημότατος ἔπαρχος Αἰγύπτου λέγει. τοὺς τὰ πλοῖα κεκτημένους τῆς χρείας αὐτῶν μὴ σφόδρα μετέχειν πυνθάνομαι. διὰ τὸ πρὸς καιρόν τινα … ρεσίας αὐτῶν νομισθείσης α … τοὺς