Leviticus 6:28 — Word Study
WLCוּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְאִם־ בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּמֹרַ֥ק וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃
BSAand a vessel ofu.khe.li- earthenwareChe.res which'a.Sher it will be boiledte.vu.shal-▸ in itbo it will be brokenyi.sha.Ver▸ and ifve.'im- in a vessel ofbikh.Li bronzene.Cho.shet it was boiledbu.Sha.lah■ and it will be scouredu.mo.Rak■ and it will be rinsedve.shu.Taf■ with waterba.Ma.yim
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּכְלִי־ | and a vessel of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| חֶ֛רֶשׂ | earthenware | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אֲשֶׁ֥ר | which | Particle |
| תְּבֻשַּׁל־ | it will be boiled | Verb, Pual, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| בּ֖וֹ | in it | Preposition, suffix |
| יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר | it will be broken | Verb, Niphal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וְאִם־ | and if | Conjunction, particle |
| בִּכְלִ֤י | in a vessel of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ | bronze | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה | it was boiled | Verb, Pual, perfect third person feminine singular |
| וּמֹרַ֥ק | and it will be scoured | Verb, Pual, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף | and it will be rinsed | Verb, Pual, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| בַּמָּֽיִם׃ | with water | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The clay pot in which the sin offering is boiled must be broken; if it is boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be scoured and rinsed with water. |
| KJV | But the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed in water. |
| ASV | But the earthen vessel wherein it is boiled shall be broken; and if it be boiled in a brazen vessel, it shall be scoured, and rinsed in water. |
| YLT | and an earthen vessel in which it is boiled is broken, and if in a brass vessel it is boiled, then it is scoured and rinsed with water. |
| WEB | But the earthen vessel in which it is boiled shall be broken; and if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, it shall be scoured, and rinsed in water. |
| BBE | But the vessel of earth in which the flesh was cooked is to be broken; or if a brass vessel was used, it is to be rubbed clean and washed out with water. |
Where they part company is the rendering of the pot types — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence structure emphasizes the conditions and actions required based on the type of pot used.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbH1310
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Leviticus 6:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Laws Concerning Sin Offeringsgenerated
Leviticus 6:28 provides specific instructions regarding the vessels used for sin offerings. The clay pot must be broken if used, while a bronze pot must be scoured and rinsed with water. These regulations emphasize the importance of purity and proper handling in sacrificial practices, reflecting the larger themes of holiness and atonement found throughout Leviticus.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Leviticus 11:33 | If any of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean; you must break the pot. |
| 2 | Leviticus 15:12 | Any clay pot that the man with the discharge touches must be broken, and any wooden utensil must be rinsed with water. |
| 3 | Hebrews 9:9–10 | It is an illustration for the present time, because the gifts and sacrifices being offered were unable to cleanse the conscience of the worshiper. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֶ֛רֶשׂ, Che.resgenerated
The Hebrew word חֶ֛רֶשׂ (cheres) refers specifically to earthenware or clay pottery, including fragments. It is derived from a root associated with pottery-making and is used to describe everyday items in ancient Israel.
In this verse, חֶ֛רֶשׂ emphasizes the fragility and disposability of the clay pot used for sin offerings, highlighting the need for it to be broken after use, which signifies the seriousness of the sin offering.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains several clauses, with the main action centered on the finite verbs: תְּבֻשַּׁל (it will be boiled) and יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר (it will be broken). The structure indicates conditionality, as the second clause begins with וְאִם־ (and if), showing a relationship between the two conditions regarding the type of pot used.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions required for each type of pot, illustrating the importance of the material in determining the subsequent actions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חֶ֛רֶשׂ as πήλινος (pēlinos), meaning 'earthen' or 'clay', which aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning. This choice maintains the focus on the fragility of the clay pot.
For the bronze pot, the LXX uses χάλκινος (chalkinos), which also denotes bronze, reflecting a consistent understanding of the material's significance in sacrificial practices.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Leviticus 6:28 explains that if a clay pot is used for boiling a sin offering, it must be broken afterward. If a bronze pot is used instead, it must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed with water. These rules highlight the importance of purity in the practices surrounding sin offerings.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The clay pot must be broken to signify the disposal of the sin offering, emphasizing the seriousness of the sin being atoned for.
Scouring the bronze pot means to clean it thoroughly, ensuring that it is free from any residue of the sin offering before it can be used again.
Yes, other verses such as Leviticus 11:33 and Leviticus 15:12 also provide guidelines for handling items that come into contact with impurities.
Using different materials signifies different levels of purity and the appropriate treatment required for each, reflecting the overall theme of holiness in the sacrificial system.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can I learn about the importance of purity from the instructions regarding the clay and bronze pots?
- How do these laws reflect God's desire for holiness among His people?
- In what ways can I apply the principles of cleanliness and holiness in my own life?
- What does the breaking of the clay pot symbolize in the context of sin offerings?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Leviticus 6:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBut the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken,.... That being porous, the liquor in which the sin offering was boiled might soak into it, and the smell of it be retained, and therefore,
Read John Gill on Leviticus 6 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBut the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed in water. No JFB commentary on this verse.
Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 6 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe earthen vessel shall be broken, because being full of pores, the liquor in which it was sodden might easily sink into it, whereby it was ceremonially holy, and therefore was broken, lest afterwards it should be abused to profane or common uses. It shall be both scoured, and not broken, as being of considerable value, which therefore God would not have unnecessarily wasted. And this being of a more solid substance than an earthen vessel, was not so apt to drink in the humour.
Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 6 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLeviticus 6:28 But the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed in water.Ver. 28. But the earthen vessel.] So contagious a thing is sin, that it defileth the very visible heaven and earth: which therefore must be likewise purged by the last fire, as the earthen pot which held the sin offering was broken, and the brazen scoured and rinsed in water.
Read John Trapp on Leviticus 6 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) But the earthen vessel.—The earthen vessels need by the Hebrews were unglazed. The ordinary domestic vessels throughout the East are so to this day. From their porous character, therefore, they would absorb some of the fat juices of the flesh which was boiled in them for the priests to eat. And as the absorbed juices could not be washed out, the inexpensive earthenware was to be broken up. (See Leviticus 11:33; Leviticus 11:35). During the second Temple the fragments were carefully buried in the ground when there was a large accumulation of them. And if it be sodden in a brasen pot.—Being a solid metal, no juices could sink into it, and any of the most holy flesh that might adhere to…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 6 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. The earthen vessel - shall be broken] Calmet states that this should be considered as implying the vessels brought by individuals to the court of the temple or tabernacle, and not of the vessels that belonged to the priests for the ordinary service. That the people dressed their sacrifices sometimes in the court of the tabernacle, he gathers from 1 Samuel 2:13-14, to which the reader is desired to refer. In addition to what has been already said on the different subjects in this chapter, it may be necessary to notice a few more particulars. The perpetual meat-offering, מנחה תמיד minchah tamid, Leviticus 6:20, the perpetual fire, אש תמיד esh tamid, Leviticus 6:13, and the perpetual…
Read AdamClarke on Leviticus 6 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. The reason for breaking the earthen vessel was that, not being glazed as in modern fashion, it was absorbent; a brazen pot could be scoured, and all trace of the substance with which it had been in contact removed (cp. Leviticus 11:33, Leviticus 15:12). The remains of the broken earthen vessels were buried.
Read Cambridge on Leviticus 6 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe earthen vessel - Unglazed pottery would absorb some of the juices of the meat: and a vessel made holy could not be put to any other purpose.
Read Albert Barnes on Leviticus 6 →The verse in English, compared — 8 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The clay pot in which the sin offering is boiled must be broken; if it is boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be scoured and rinsed with water.
But the earthen vessel in which it is boiled shall be broken; and if it is boiled in a bronze vessel, it shall be scoured, and rinsed in water.
Tyndale line
But the earthen vessel wherein it is sodden shall be broken: and if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall be both scoured, and rinsed in water.
But the earthen vessel wherein it is boiled shall be broken; and if it be boiled in a brazen vessel, it shall be scoured, and rinsed in water.
Also the earthen pot that it is sodden in, shalbe broken, but if it be sodden in a brasen pot, it shall both be scoured and washed with water.
Simplified
But the vessel of earth in which the flesh was cooked is to be broken; or if a brass vessel was used, it is to be rubbed clean and washed out with water.
The clay pot used to boil the sin offering must be broken. If it's boiled in a bronze pot, the pot must be thoroughly cleaned and washed out with water.
Strictly literal
and an earthen vessel in which it is boiled is broken, and if in a brass vessel it is boiled, then it is scoured and rinsed with water.
T4T (Translation for Translators) is not shown above. It restates the passage rather than the verse, so there is no line of English to set beside the others — which is a fact about that translation, not a fault in it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text provides the basis for this verse, and it is consistent with other ancient witnesses, confirming the specific instructions regarding the handling of clay and bronze pots in sacrificial contexts.
וּכְלִי־ חֶ֛רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּבֻשַּׁל־ בּ֖וֹ יִשָּׁבֵ֑ר וְאִם־ בִּכְלִ֤י נְחֹ֙שֶׁת֙ בֻּשָּׁ֔לָה וּמֹרַ֥ק וְשֻׁטַּ֖ף בַּמָּֽיִם׃
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 6:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֶ֫רֶשׂ (cheres) refers to earthenware or pottery, including terms like sherd and potsherd. It is derived from a form that connects to other Hebrew words related to pottery. The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing clay vessels and fragments.
חֶ֫רֶשׂ n.[m.] earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd potsherd
base
H2789 חֶ֫רֶשׂ earthenware, earthen vessel, sherd potsherd
2789 cheres kheh'-res
a collateral form mediating between 2775 and 2791; a piece of
pottery:--earth(-en), (pot-)sherd, + stone.
see HEBREW for 02775
see HEBREW for 02791
חֶ֫רֶשׂ (che.re.s) — earthenware.
earthenware, clay pottery, shard, potsherd, earthen vessel
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
[POTTERY]
→ See POTTERY
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
בָּשַׁל (bashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to boil or cook, with additional meanings related to ripening or becoming ripe. It has various forms, including Qal (to boil or grow ripe), Piel (to boil or cook), Pual (to be boiled), and Hiphil (to ripen). The entries suggest a focus on cooking processes and the maturation of food.
בָּשַׁל vb. boil, seethe (intr.), grow ripe
Qal boil, cook (intr.); grow ripe
Pi.
boil (tr.)
cook (general)
Pu. be boiled, sodden
Hiph. ripened, brought to ripeness
base
H1310 בָּשַׁל boil, seethe (intr.), grow ripe .boil, cook (intr.); grow ripe
. . boil (tr.)
. cook (general)
. be boiled, sodden
. ripened, brought to ripeness
1310 bashal baw-shal'
a primitive root; properly, to boil up; hence, to be done in
cooking; figuratively to ripen:--bake, boil, bring forth,
roast, seethe, sod (be sodden).
בָּשַׁל (ba.shal) — to boil.
1) to boil, cook, bake, roast, ripen, grow ripe
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to boil, cook
1a2) to grow ripe, ripen
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to boil
1b2) to cook
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be boiled
1c2) to be sodden
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to ripen
1d2) ripen, brought to ripeness
HVPi3fs — Verb · Pual · imperfect third person feminine singularHVPi3fs
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HRd/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3ms
שָׁבַר (shabar) means to break or shatter, with various nuances including breaking in pieces, causing to break out (like bringing to birth), and being broken or crushed. It appears in different forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating active and passive meanings. The lexicons do not present any significant disagreements.
שָׁבַר 148 vb. break, break in pieces
Qal 53 break, lit.
Niph. 57 be broken
Pi. 26 shatter, break
Hiph. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
Hoph. be broken, shattered (in heart)
base
H7665 שָׁבַר break, break in pieces .break, lit.
. be broken
. shatter, break
. cause to break out, i.e. bring to the birth
. be broken, shattered (in heart)
7665 shabar shaw-bar'
a primitive root; to burst (literally or
figuratively):--break (down, off, in pieces, up),
broken((-hearted)), bring to the birth, crush, destroy, hurt,
quench, X quite, tear, view (by mistake for 7663).
see HEBREW for 07663
שָׁבַר (sha.var) — to break.
1) to break, break in pieces
1a) (Qal)
1a1) break, break in or down, rend violently, wreck, crush, quench
1a2) to break, rupture (fig)
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be broken, be maimed, be crippled, be wrecked
1b2) to be broken, be crushed (fig)
1c) (Piel) to shatter, break
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to break out, bring to the birth
1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be shattered
Aramaic equivalent: te.var (תְּבַר "to break" H8406)
HVNi3ms — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVNi3ms
bro'-k'-n: Occurs both as past participle of the verb translated "to break" and as an adjective, the former use will be dealt with here only so far as verbs occur which are thus translated but do not present the non-participial forms. Such are: meroach = "bruised," "emasculated" (Le 21:20); chathath = "to frustrate," hence, "to break down" either by violence or by confusion and fear (1Sa 2:10; Jer 48:20,39); dakhah = "to collapse" (Ps 44:19; 51:8); ratsats = "to crack in pieces" "crush" (Ec 12:6); kathath = "to bruise or violently strike," "break in pieces" (Isa…
אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.
אִם conj.
hypoth. part. if
Interrog. part.
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if
. Interrog. part.
H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
518 'im eem
a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;
interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh
that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,
doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +
more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,
+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,
none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,
whereas, whether, while, + yet.
אִם (im) — if.
: if/whether_or/though
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
אִם (im) — if: surely no.
: surely_no
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: surely yes.
: surely_yes
1) if
1a) conditional clauses
1a1) of possible situations
1a2) of impossible situations
1b) oath contexts
1b1) no, not
1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or
1d) when, whenever
1e) since
1f) interrogative particle
1g) but rather
אִם (im) — if: until.
: until/except
HC/Tc — Conjunction · particleHC/Tc
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze
copper
fetters of copper or bronze
as less in value than gold but more than wood
fig. of pitiless sky
base
[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
ref
H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper
. fetters of copper or bronze
. as less in value than gold but more than wood
. fig. of pitiless sky
H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth
for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.
coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or
silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),
filthiness, steel.
see HEBREW for 05154
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.
1) copper, bronze
1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)
1c) copper (as value)
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.
lust, harlotry
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
בָּשַׁל (bashal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to boil or cook, with additional meanings related to ripening or becoming ripe. It has various forms, including Qal (to boil or grow ripe), Piel (to boil or cook), Pual (to be boiled), and Hiphil (to ripen). The entries suggest a focus on cooking processes and the maturation of food.
בָּשַׁל vb. boil, seethe (intr.), grow ripe
Qal boil, cook (intr.); grow ripe
Pi.
boil (tr.)
cook (general)
Pu. be boiled, sodden
Hiph. ripened, brought to ripeness
base
H1310 בָּשַׁל boil, seethe (intr.), grow ripe .boil, cook (intr.); grow ripe
. . boil (tr.)
. cook (general)
. be boiled, sodden
. ripened, brought to ripeness
1310 bashal baw-shal'
a primitive root; properly, to boil up; hence, to be done in
cooking; figuratively to ripen:--bake, boil, bring forth,
roast, seethe, sod (be sodden).
בָּשַׁל (ba.shal) — to boil.
1) to boil, cook, bake, roast, ripen, grow ripe
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to boil, cook
1a2) to grow ripe, ripen
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to boil
1b2) to cook
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be boiled
1c2) to be sodden
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to ripen
1d2) ripen, brought to ripeness
HVPp3fs — Verb · Pual · perfect third person feminine singularHVPp3fs
מָרַק (ma.raq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to polish or scour. It covers actions related to brightening or sharpening objects, and can imply cleansing away impurities. The entries indicate it can appear in various forms, such as Qal (to polish) and Pual (to be scoured).
[מָרַק] vb. scour, polish
Qal polish the lances! Pt.pass. polished
Hiph. blows that cut in, cleanse away evil
Pu. be well scoured
base
H4838 מָרַק
4838 maraq maw-rak'
a primitive root; to polish; by implication, to sharpen; also
to rinse:--bright, furbish, scour.
מָרַק (ma.raq) — to polish.
1) to scour, polish
1a) (Qal) to scour, polish
1b) (Pual) to be scoured
Hc/VPq3ms — Verb · Pual · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/VPq3ms
The Hebrew word שָׁטַף (shataph) is a primitive root meaning to overflow or wash off. It encompasses actions such as gushing, inundating, and cleansing, with various forms indicating different nuances like being swept away or rinsed out. The entries consistently highlight its connection to flowing and washing, without significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שָׁטַף vb. overflow, rinse or wash off
Qal
overflow
flow, run
lit., rinse or wash off
Niph. be rinsed out, off
Pu. it shall be scoured and rinsed.
base
H7857 שָׁטַף overflow, rinse or wash off
7857 shataph shaw-taf'
a primitive root; to gush; by implication, to inundate,
cleanse; by analogy, to gallop, conquer:--drown,
(over-)flow(- whelm, rinse, run, rush, (throughly) wash
(away).
שָׁטַף (sha.taph) — to overflow.
1) to wash, rinse, overflow, engulf, rinse or wash off
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to overflow
1a2) to flow, run
1a3) to rinse or wash off
1b) (Niphal) to be swept away, be rinsed out
1c) (Pual) to be rinsed, be scoured and rinsed
Hc/VPq3ms — Verb · Pual · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/VPq3ms
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
HRd/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
wo'-ter (mayim; hudor):
(1) The Greek philosophers believed water to be the original substance and that all things were made from it. The Koran states, "From water we have made all things." In the story of the creation (Ge 1:2) water plays an elemental part.
(2) Because of the scarcity of water in Palestine it is especially appreciated by the people there. They love to go and sit by a stream of running water. Men long for a taste of the water of their native village (1Ch 11:17). A town or village is known throughout the country for the quality of its water, which is described by many adjectives, such as "light," "heavy," etc.
(3) The rainfall is the only source of supply of water for Palestine. The moisture is carried up from the sea in clouds and falls on the hills as rain or snow.…
See CISTERN and WELLS.
In Isa 35:7, the Hebrew word for "parched ground" that shall become a pool of water, is the same with the Arabic term for the mirage, a peculiar optical illusion by which travelers in hot and dry deserts think they see broad lakes and flowing waters; they seem to discern the very ripple of the waves, and the swaying of tail trees on the margin in the cool breeze; green hills and houses and city ramparts rise before the astonished sight, recede as the traveler advances, and at length melt away in the hot haze. Not so the blessings of the gospel; they are no alluring mockery, but real waters of everlasting life, Isa 55:1 Joh 4:14 Re 22:1. Compare
→ Creation of Ps 148:4,5
→ Covered the whole earth Ge 1:9
→ Daily allowance of Eze 4:11
→ City waterworks 2Ki 20:20
→ Vision of, by Ezekiel Eze 47:1-5
→ Of separation Nu 19:2-22