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Leviticus 13:23 — Word Study

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WLCוְאִם־ תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַבַּהֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א פָשָׂ֔תָה צָרֶ֥בֶת הַשְּׁחִ֖ין הִ֑וא וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס

BSABut ifʼim the spotbôhereth [bright mark, inflamed area] remainsʻâmad unchangedtachath [stays in its place] and does notlôʼ [will not, is not able to] spreadpâsâh [grow, become larger] ithûwʼ is only the scartsârebeth [nothing more than, mark, sign] from the boilshᵉchîyn [inflamed spot, burning ulcer] and the priestkôhên [spiritual leader, mediator] shall pronounce him cleanṭâhêr [declare, make clean, pure, ceremonially acceptable]

Word
Listen & take awayLeviticus 13
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 23 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ha.ko.Hen) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Leviticus 13:23quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse explains the condition under which a priest declares a person clean after examining a skin spot.
Who is speakingThe priest, as a spiritual leader, is responsible for making the declaration.
Where we areThe context is about skin diseases and the procedures for determining cleanliness.
The hard wordצָרֶ֥בֶת
Take awayThe spot must remain unchanged for the person to be declared clean.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause subjectהִיא verbעָמַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Leviticus 13:23

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Guidelines for Skin Diseasesgenerated

22If it spreads any further on the skin, the priest must pronounce him unclean; it is an infection.
23But if the spot remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only the scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.
24When there is a burn on someone’s skin and the raw area of the burn becomes reddish-white or white,
25the priest must examine it. If the hair in the spot has turned white and the spot appears to be deeper than the skin, it is a disease that has broken out in the burn. The priest must pronounce him unclean; it is a diseased infection.

Leviticus 13:23 is part of the laws regarding skin diseases, outlining how a priest should assess a person's condition. If a spot on the skin remains unchanged and does not spread, it is identified as a scar from a boil, allowing the priest to declare the individual clean. This reflects the broader theme of purity and health in the community, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Genesis 38:26Judah recognized the items and said, “She is more righteous than I, since I did not give her to my son Shelah.” And he did not have relations with her again.
22 Samuel 12:13Then David said to Nathan, “I have sinned against the LORD.” “The LORD has taken away your sin,” Nathan replied. “You will not die.
32 Chronicles 19:2–3Jehu son of Hanani the seer went out to confront him and said to King Jehoshaphat, “Should you help the wicked and love those who hate the LORD? Because of this, the wrath of the LORD is upon you.
4Job 34:31–32Suppose someone says to God, ‘I have endured my punishment; I will offend no more.
5Job 40:4–5“Behold, I am insignificant. How can I reply to You? I place my hand over my mouth.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

But if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not, it is a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.Genesis 38:26 2 Samuel 12:13 2 Chronicles 19:2–3 Job 34:31–32 Job 40:4–5 Proverbs 28:13 Matthew 26:75 2 Corinthians 2:7 Galatians 6:1 1 Peter 4:2–3

The Key Word צָרֶ֥בֶת, tza.Re.vetgenerated

The word צָרֶ֥בֶת (tza.re.vet) refers to a scar, specifically one that results from burning or inflammation. It is derived from a root meaning burning, indicating its connection to skin conditions and injuries.

In this verse, it signifies that the spot in question is not a new infection but rather a remnant of a previous boil, which is crucial for the priest's assessment of cleanliness.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb וְטִהֲר֖וֹ (ve.ti.ha.Ro) governs the main clause, while several phrases describe the conditions of the spot. The structure emphasizes the relationship between the unchanged state of the spot and the priest's declaration.

The sentence includes an adverbial clause indicating the condition of the spot, a subject clause, and a predicate clause, creating a clear and logical flow of information.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses the term οὐλὴ to translate צָרֶ֥בֶת, indicating a scar. This choice reflects a focus on the physical mark left by the boil, aligning with the Hebrew understanding of a scar as a remnant of a previous condition.

The consistency in translation shows that the Septuagint interprets the Hebrew term in a similar manner, emphasizing the significance of the scar in the context of cleanliness.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Leviticus 13:23 explains that if a spot on the skin remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only a scar from a boil. The priest will then declare the person clean. This guideline helps maintain the community's purity by ensuring that those with skin conditions are properly assessed.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean for the spot to remain unchanged?

It means that the spot has not changed in appearance or size, indicating it is not a sign of a new infection.

Why is the priest responsible for declaring someone clean?

The priest serves as a mediator between God and the people, ensuring that the laws regarding purity are followed.

What is the significance of the scar from the boil?

The scar indicates that the person had a boil that has healed, allowing them to be declared clean rather than remaining unclean.

How does this verse relate to the overall laws of cleanliness?

It is part of a larger set of guidelines in Leviticus that govern health and purity within the community.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What practices can I adopt to maintain physical and spiritual cleanliness in my life?
  2. How can I support others who may be struggling with health issues or societal judgments?
  3. In what ways can understanding these laws help me appreciate the significance of cleanliness in my own community?
  4. How do I see the principles of purity and healing reflected in my daily life?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Leviticus 13:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

But if the bright spot stay in his place, [and] spread not,.... Continues as it was when first viewed: it [is] a burning boil; but not a plague of leprosy: and the priest shall pronounce him clean;

Read John Gill on Leviticus 13 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

The flesh also, in which, even in the skin thereof, was a boil, and is healed, a boil , [ shªchiyn (H7822), a burning sore, an inflamed ulcer; Septuagint, helkos]; and

Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 13 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Leviticus 13:23 But if the bright spot stay in his place, [and] spread not, it [is] a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.Ver. 23. But if the bright spot stay.] Sin, if it reign not, is not imputed; for "we are not under the law, but under grace."

Read John Trapp on Leviticus 13 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) But if the bright spot stay.—As the spreading of the spot is a sure sign of the disease lurking in the system, its continuing in the same condition showed that it was simply the re-opening of the boil. The priest is therefore to pronounce the patient clean, or clear of leprosy.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 13 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

23. the scar of the boil] The Heb. for ‘scar’ occurs only here and in Leviticus 13:28. It is from a root signifying ‘to burn,’ which is found in Ezekiel 20:47 (Heb. 21:3), ‘all faces … shall be burnt.’

Read Cambridge on Leviticus 13 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

A burning boil - Rather, the scar of the ulcer; literally, “the burn of the ulcer.”

Read Albert Barnes on Leviticus 13 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

23. Bright spot… spread not — Diffusiveness is the decisive symptom of this disease.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 13 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

But if the spot remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only the scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

But if the bright spot stays in its place, and hasn’t spread, it is the scar from the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

But if the spot remains unchanged and does not spread, it is only the scar from the boil, and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

NETBNew English Translation2006

But if the bright spot stays in its place and has not spread, it is the scar of the boil, so the priest is to pronounce him clean.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

But if the bright spot stay in his place, and spread not, it is a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

But if the bright spot stay in its place, and be not spread, it is the scar of the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

RVARevised Version, American1894

But if the bright spot stay in its place, and be not spread, it is the scar of the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

But if the bright spot shall stay in its place, and not spread, it is a burning boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

But if the spot continue in his place, and growe not, it is a burning bile: therefore the Priest shall declare him to be cleane.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

But if the bright spot have remained in its place, [and] have not spread, it is the scar of the boil; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and if in its place the bright spot stay — it hath not spread — it [is] an inflammation of the ulcer; and the priest hath pronounced him clean.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and if the bright spot stays in its place—it has not spread—it [is] an inflammation of the ulcer; and the priest has pronounced him clean.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

But if the bright spot remain in its place, and spread not, it is a scar of the inflammation; and the priest shall pronounce him clean.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

But if the bright spot stays in its place and has not spread, then it is the scar of the boil, and the priest must pronounce him clean.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

But if it stay in its place, it is but the scar of an ulcer, and the man shall be clean.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

But if the spot stays the same and doesn't spread, it's just the scar from the boil, and the priest will declare them clean.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

But if the bright mark keeps in the same place and gets no greater, it is the mark of the old wound, and the priest will say that he is clean.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseclauseאִםifclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalתַּחְתֶּ֜יinהָits.placeverbתַּעֲמֹ֤דit.will.staynoun phrase · subjectהַthe.brightבַּהֶ֨רֶת֙spotclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbפָשָׂ֔תָהit.has.spreadclauseclausenoun phrase · predicateצָרֶ֥בֶת[is].the.scarnoun phraseהַofשְּׁחִ֖יןthe.boilsubjectהִ֑ואitוְandclauseverbטִהֲר֖heobjectוֹwill.declare.him.purenoun phrase · subjectהַtheכֹּהֵֽןpriest

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with the Samaritan Pentateuch differing in two words: it uses פשׂתה (spread) instead of פָשָׂ֔תָה and היא (she) instead of הִ֑וא. This indicates a slight variation in the understanding of the subject.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְאִם־ תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָ תַּעֲמֹ֤ד הַבַּהֶ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א פָשָׂ֔תָה צָרֶ֥בֶת הַשְּׁחִ֖ין הִ֑וא וְטִהֲר֖וֹ הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ ס

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְאִם־ἐὰνתַּחְתֶּ֜יהָξώρανתַּעֲמֹ֤דμείνῃהַבַּהֶ֙רֶת֙τηλαύγημαלֹ֣אμὴפָשָׂ֔תָהδιαξέηταιצָרֶ֥בֶתοὐλὴהַשְּׁחִ֖יןἕλκουςהִ֑ואἐστίνוְטִהֲר֖וֹαὐτὸνהַכֹּהֵֽן׃ סἱερεύς

11 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ואם תחתיה תעמד הבהרת לא פשׂתה צרבת השׁחין היא וטהרו הכהן

2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: פשׂתה (spread), היא (she)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Leviticus 13:23אִםand ifand ifאִםתַּחַתin place itin place itsתַּחַתעָמַדit will stait will stayעָמַדבַּהֶ֫רֶתthe bright the bright spotבַּהֶ֫רֶתלֹאnotnotלֹאפָּשָׂהit has spreit has spreadפָּשָׂהצָרָב[is] [the] [is] [the] scarצָרָבשְׁחִיןthe boilthe boilשְׁחִיןהוּאititהוּאטָהֵרand he willand he will decטָהֵרכֹּהֵןthe priestthe priestכֹּהֵןצוּעָרZuarZuarצוּעָרתּוֹחַתּוֹחַבָּהִירbrightbrightבָּהִירכָּהַןto ministeto ministerכָּהַןחֵןfavorfavorחֵןיֵשׁtherethereיֵשׁאֶ֫דֶןsocketsocketאֶ֫דֶןשֶׁ֫מֶשׁsunsunשֶׁ֫מֶשׁאֵ֫צֶלbesidebesideאֵ֫צֶלעָנָןcloudcloudעָנָןסַפַּ֫חַתscabscabסַפַּ֫חַתלָבָןwhitewhiteלָבָןיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדעוֹרskinskinעוֹרטָהֵרbe purebe pureטָהֵרהוּאhe/she/ithe/she/itהוּאאֲבַעְבֻּעֹתboilboilאֲבַעְבֻּעֹת
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 13:23

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
וְאִם־ve.'im- and if H518 Conjunction · particle
1,070× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to express conditions or questions, like if or whether. It can also be used to make oaths or express wishes, as in Oh that! It appears in various forms in the KJV, including if, though, and when.
Tyndale gloss
if
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִם conj.

hypoth. part. if

Interrog. part.

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if

. Interrog. part.

H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

518 'im eem

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;

interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh

that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,

doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +

more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,

+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,

none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,

whereas, whether, while, + yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִם (im) — if.

: if/whether_or/though

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

אִם (im) — if: surely no.

: surely_no

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: surely yes.

: surely_yes

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: until.

: until/except

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Conj — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
תַּחְתֶּ֜יהָtach.Tei.ha in place its H8478 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
505× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means underneath or below, often used to describe physical locations or positions. It appears in various books, including Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to indicate something is under or beneath something else. The word has several related meanings.
Amplified meaning
stays in its place
Tyndale gloss
underneath: under
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8478 tachath takh'-ath

from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only

adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix

underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,

in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead

of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,

with.

see HEBREW for 08430

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.

: under/below

1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m

1a) the under part adv accus

1b) beneath prep

1c) under, beneath

1c1) at the foot of (idiom)

1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)

1c3) of subjection or conquest

1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands

1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)

1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)

1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)

conj

1e) instead of, instead of that

1f) in return for that, because that in compounds

1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)

1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath

תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.

: instead/in_place/exchange

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3fs
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
תַּעֲמֹ֤דta.'a.Mod it will stay H5975 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
521× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means 'to stand' in a strong sense, like in Exodus 17:12 where Moses stood with his arms up to help Israel win a battle.
Tyndale gloss
to stand: stand
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָמַד (amad) means to stand and encompasses a variety of related actions such as remaining, enduring, and taking a stand. It can refer to both literal and figurative stances, including presenting oneself or being appointed. The word appears in various contexts, including standing still, ceasing movement, and even serving. There are different forms of the verb, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, each with specific nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָמַד 620 take one's stand, stand

Qal 435

take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude

stand forth

take a stand against, in opposition to

present oneself before

attend upon, be(come) servant of

stand afar

stand (silent)

stand (appealingly)

stand, subj. רֶגֶל

stand, of water

stand still, stop, cease moving

= be inactive

= be attentive

stop, cease doing a thing

tarry, delay

remain

continue, abide

endure

be steadfast

persist

make a stand, hold one's ground

stand upright

arise, appear, come on the scene

stand forth, appear = come into being

rise up as foe

rare usages

Hiph.

83station, set

cause to stand firm

cause to stand up, set up, erect

present one before king

appoint

other meanings

Hoph. be presented

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5975 עָמַד take one's stand, stand .. . take one's stand, and (esp. pt.) stand, be in a standing attitude

. stand forth

. take a stand against, in opposition to

. present oneself before

. attend upon, be(come) servant of

. stand afar

. stand (silent)

. stand (appealingly)

. stand, subj. רֶגֶל

. stand, of water

. . stand still, stop, cease moving

. = be inactive

. = be attentive

. stop, cease doing a thing

. . tarry, delay

. remain

. continue, abide

. endure

. be steadfast

. persist

. make a stand, hold one's ground

. stand upright

. . arise, appear, come on the scene

. stand forth, appear = come into being

. rise up as foe

. rare usages

. . station, set

. cause to stand firm

. cause to stand up, set up, erect

. present one before king

. appoint

. other meanings

. be presented

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5975 `amad aw-mad'

a primitive root; to stand, in various relations (literal and

figurative, intransitive and transitive):--abide (behind),

appoint, arise, cease, confirm, continue, dwell, be employed,

endure, establish, leave, make, ordain, be (over), place, (be)

present (self), raise up, remain, repair, + serve, set (forth,

over, -tle, up), (make to, make to be at a, with-)stand (by,

fast, firm, still, up), (be at a) stay (up), tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָמַד (a.mad) — to stand: stand.

: stand/stop/establish

1) to stand, remain, endure, take one's stand

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to stand, take one's stand, be in a standing attitude, stand forth, take a stand, present oneself, attend upon, be or become servant of

1a2) to stand still, stop (moving or doing), cease

1a3) to tarry, delay, remain, continue, abide, endure, persist, be steadfast

1a4) to make a stand, hold one's ground

1a5) to stand upright, remain standing, stand up, rise, be erect, be upright

1a6) to arise, appear, come on the scene, stand forth, appear, rise up or against

1a7) to stand with, take one's stand, be appointed, grow flat, grow insipid

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to station, set

1b2) to cause to stand firm, maintain

1b3) to cause to stand up, cause to set up, erect

1b4) to present (one) before (king)

1b5) to appoint, ordain, establish

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singular
HVqi3fs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sta: Is derived from two distinct forms. From one derivation it has the meaning "to stand" and so "to continue in one place" (Ge 8:10; Le 13:23,28, etc.), "to forbear to act" (Ru 1:13), "to rest," "to be trustful" (King James Version, the English Revised Version Isa 10:20; see below). Transitively it means "to cause to stay," "to hinder" (Da 4:35, etc.), and "stay" as a noun means "cessation of progress"' (Le 13:5,37), "sojourn." From the second derivation the verb means "to support" (Ex 17:12;

and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
הַבַּהֶ֙רֶת֙ha.ba.He.ret the bright spot H934 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a bright spot on the skin, possibly a scar, blister, or boil, and is used in Leviticus to describe a sign of leprosy. It is translated as a whitish spot in the KJV Bible. This term appears in discussions of skin conditions.
Amplified meaning
bright mark, inflamed area
Tyndale gloss
bright spot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּהֶ֫רֶת (bohereth) refers to a bright or whitish spot on the skin, often associated with conditions like leprosy, scars, or blisters. It is a feminine active participle derived from a related term. The entries emphasize its appearance as a skin condition, without significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּהֶ֫רֶת n.f. brightness, bright spot

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H934 בַּהֶ֫רֶת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

934 bohereth bo-heh'-reth

feminine active participle of the same as 925; a whitish spot

on the skin:--bright spot.

see HEBREW for 0925

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּהֶ֫רֶת (bo.he.ret) — bright spot.

1) white patch of skin, brightness, bright spot (on skin)

2) (CLBL) bright spot, scar, blister, boil

2a) resulting from fire

2b) resulting from inflammation of the skin

2c) possible sign of leprosy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
will not, is not able to
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
פָשָׂ֔תָהfa.Sa.tah it has spread H6581 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to spread something out, like arms or wings. It is used to describe God's care and protection in Psalm 61:4. This verb is about making something wider or broader.
Amplified meaning
grow, become larger
Tyndale gloss
to spread
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פָּשָׂה (pasah) is a primitive root meaning 'to spread.' The entries indicate that it is used intransitively, focusing on the action of spreading without specifying an object. The Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon notes it as a verb, while Strong's and the Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon confirm the same meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פָּשָׂה 21 vb. spread, intrans.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6581 פָּשָׂה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6581 pasah paw-saw'

a primitive root; to spread:--spread.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּשָׂה (pa.sah) — to spread.

(Qal) to spread

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
צָרֶ֥בֶתtza.Re.vet [is] [the] scar of H6867 Noun common · feminine singular construct
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A scar is a mark left by a burn or disease, like a scab or inflammation, used in the Bible to describe the aftermath of a fire or illness, as seen in the book of Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
nothing more than, mark, sign
Tyndale gloss
burning
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָרָב (tsareb) means burning or scorching, while צָרֶ֫בֶת (tsarebeth) refers to a scab or scar, literally a burning or scorching mark from a sore. The word is derived from a root meaning conflagration and can denote inflammation as well. It appears in Proverbs 16:27.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָרָב] adj. burning, scorching;—Pr 16:27

ref

צָרֶ֫בֶת n.f. scab, scar, of a sore (lit. a burning, scorching)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6867a צָרָב burning, scorching H6867b צָרֶ֫בֶת scab, scar, of a sore (lit. a burning, scorching)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6867 tsarebeth tsaw-reh'-beth

from 6686; conflagration (of fire or disease):--burning,

inflammation.

see HEBREW for 06686

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָרָב (tsa.tav) — burning.

adj

burning, scorching

צָרֶ֫בֶת (tsa.re.vet) — scar.

scab, scar of a sore

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
הַשְּׁחִ֖יןha.she.Chin the boil H7822 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
13× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a boil or inflamed spot, which can refer to leprosy or other skin conditions in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
inflamed spot, burning ulcer
Tyndale gloss
boil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁחִין (shchiyn) refers to a boil or an inflamed spot, often associated with skin eruptions or ulcers. The term is linked to a root that likely means to burn, indicating inflammation. It can pertain to conditions affecting both humans and animals, including leprosy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁחִין n.m. boil, coll. eruption

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7822 שְׁחִין boil, coll. eruption

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7822 shchiyn shekh-een'

from an unused root probably meaning to burn; inflammation,

i.e. an ulcer; --boil, botch.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁחִין (she.chin) — boil.

1) boil, inflamed spot, inflammation, eruption

1a) of man, leprosy, of man and beast

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Boil

(rendered “botch” in Deut. 28:27, 35), an aggravated ulcer, as in the case of Hezekiah (2 Kings 20:7; Isa. 38:21) or of the Egyptians (Ex. 9:9, 10, 11; Deut. 28:27, 35). It designates the disease of Job (2:7), which was probably the black leprosy.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[MEDICINE]

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (A tumor)

→ Plague of Egyptians Ex 9:9,10; De 28:27,35

→ Of the Philistines (R. V., tumors) 1Sa 5:6,9; 6:5

→ Of Hezekiah, healed 2Ki 20:7; Isa 38:21

→ Of Job Job 2:7,8

→ Levitical ceremonies prescribed for Le 13:18-23

and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
הִ֑ואhi' it H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
וְטִהֲר֖וֹve.ti.ha.Ro and he will declare pure him H2891 Verb piel sequential perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
94× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be pure, either physically, morally, or ceremonially. It appears in Leviticus for purification rituals and in Psalm 51 where David asks God to purify his heart. This concept is central to Jewish and Christian ideas of cleanliness and holiness.
Amplified meaning
declare, make clean, pure, ceremonially acceptable
Tyndale gloss
be pure
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָהֵר (taher) means to be clean or pure, covering physical, ceremonial, and moral aspects of purity. It can refer to being free from disease, ceremonially clean, or morally innocent. The verb has various forms, including Qal (to be clean), Piel (to cleanse), and Hithpael (to purify oneself). Brown-Driver-Briggs notes a specific instance of miraculous cleansing related to leprosy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure

Qal

be clean, i.e. (miraculously) freed from leprosy by washing in the Jordan

be clean ceremonially

be clean morally

Pi.

cleanse, purify

pronounce clean, ceremonially

perform the ceremony of cleansing

Pu. a land not cleansed

Hithp.

purify oneself

present oneself for purification

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2891 טָהֵר be clean, pure

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2891 taher taw-hare'

a primitive root; properly, to be bright; i.e. (by

implication) to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulterated;

Levitically, uncontaminated; morally, innocent or holy):--be

(make, make self, pronounce) clean, cleanse (self), purge,

purify(-ier, self).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָהֵר (ta.her) — be pure.

1) to be clean, be pure

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be clean (physically-of disease)

1a2) to be clean ceremonially

1a3) to purify, be clean morally, made clean

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to cleanse, purify

1b1a) physically

1b1b) ceremonially

1b1c) morally

1b2) to pronounce clean

1b3) to perform the ceremony of cleansing

1c) (Pual) to be cleansed, be pronounced clean

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to purify oneself

1d1a) ceremonially

1d1b) morally

1d2) to present oneself for purification

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Piel-3ms | Suff — Verb piel sequential perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
Hc/Vpq3ms/Sp3ms
and if in place its it will stay the bright spot not it has spread [is] [the] scar of the boil it and he will declare pure him the priest
הַכֹּהֵֽן׃ סha.ko.Hen the priest H3548 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
750× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a priest is a person who serves God and leads others in worship, like the Levitical priests in Exodus. They were responsible for making sacrifices and following God's laws. This term is also used to describe Jesus as a priest-king.
Amplified meaning
spiritual leader, mediator
Tyndale gloss
priest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּהֵן (kohen) means 'priest' and is derived from the active participle of a related root. It encompasses various types of priests, including Levitical, Aaronic, and even pagan priests, as well as chief rulers or principal officers. The term is used in contexts referring to both Jewish and non-Jewish priestly roles.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּהֵן 750 n.m. priest

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3548 כֹּהֵן priest

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3548 kohen ko-hane'

active participle of 3547; literally, one officiating, a

priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a

layman):--chief ruler, X own, priest, prince, principal

officer.

see HEBREW for 03547

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּהֵן (ko.hen) — priest.

1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler

1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)

1b) pagan priests

1c) priests of Jehovah

1d) Levitical priests

1e) Zadokite priests

1f) Aaronic priests

1g) the high priest

Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

prest (kohen, "priest," "prince," "minister"; hiereus archiereus; for hiereus megas, of Heb 10:21, see Thayer's Lexicon, under the word hiereus:

I. NATURE OF THE PRIESTLY OFFICE

1. Implies Divine Choice

2. Implies Representation

3. Implies Offering Sacrifice

4. Implies Intercession

II. THE TWO GREAT PRIESTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, MELCHIZEDEK AND AARON

III. PRIESTLY FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTER

1. A Strictly Religious Order

2. Priestism Denied

3. The High Priest's Qualifications

4. Symbolism of Aaron's Rod

IV. CONSECRATION OF AARON AND HIS SONS (EXODUS 29; LEVITICUS 8)

1. Symbolism of Consecration

2. Type and Archetype

LITERATURE

A priest is one who is duly authorized to minister in sacred things, particularly to offer sacrifices at the altar, and who acts as mediator between men and God. In the New Testament the term is applied to priests of the Gentiles…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Priest

The Heb. kohen, Gr. hierus, Lat. sacerdos, always denote one who offers sacrifices.

At first every man was his own priest, and presented his own sacrifices before God. Afterwards that office devolved on the head of the family, as in the cases of Noah (Gen. 8:20), Abraham (12:7; 13:4), Isaac (26:25), Jacob (31:54), and Job (Job 1:5).

The name first occurs as applied to Melchizedek (Gen. 14:18). Under the Levitical arrangements the office of the priesthood was limited to the tribe of Levi, and to only one family of that tribe, the family of Aaron. Certain laws respecting the qualifications of priests are given in Lev. 21:16-23. There are ordinances also regarding the…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The English word is derived from the Greek presbyter , signifying an "elder" (Heb. cohen). Origin. --The idea of a priesthood connects itself in all its forms, pure or corrupted, with the consciousness, more or less distinct of sin. Men feel that they have broken a law. The power above them is holier than they are, and they dare not approach it. They crave for the intervention of some one of whom they can think as likely to be more acceptable than themselves. He must offer up their prayers, thanksgivings, sacrifices. He becomes their representative in "things pertaining unto God." He may become also (though this does not always follow) the representative of God to man. The functions of the priest and prophet may exist in the same person. No trace of a hereditary or caste priesthood meets us in the worship of the patriarchal age. Once and once only does the word cohen meet us as…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

One who officiated in the public worship of God, especially in making expiation for sin, being "ordained for men in things pertaining to God, to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins." In the Old Testament, the priesthood was not annexed to a certain family till after the promulgation of the law by Moses. Before that time, the firstborn of each family, the fathers, the princes, the kings, were priests in their own cities and in their own houses. Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, and Job, Abimelech and Laban, Isaac and Jacob offered personally their own sacrifices. In the solemnity of the covenant made by the Lord with his people, at the foot of Mount Sinai, Moses performed the office of mediator, and young men were chosen from among Israel to perform the office of priests, Ex 24:5. But after the Lord had chosen the tribe of Levi to…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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