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Joshua 9:5 — Word Study

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WLCוּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃

BSAThey put wornbâleh [old, clouted] patchedṭâlâʼ sandalsnaʻal on their feetregel and threadbarebâleh [old, patched] clothingsalmâh [garments] on [their bodies]ʻal and their wholekôl [all, everything] of breadlechem [food or provision] was dryyâbêsh [to wither, dried up] [and] moldyniqqud [crumbly, broken into pieces]

Word
Listen & take awayJoshua 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ni.ku.Dim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Joshua 9:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe Gibeonites deceived Israel by disguising themselves with worn clothing and dry provisions.
Who is speakingThe narrator recounts the actions of the Gibeonites as they approached Joshua.
Where we areThe events occur during Israel's conquest of Canaan, specifically in the context of the Gibeonite deception.
The hard wordנִקֻּדִֽים
Take awayThe Gibeonites' ruse involved using old, worn items to create a false impression of their journey.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, AdamClarke & more — read them › clause verbיָבֵשׁ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Joshua 9:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Deception of the Gibeonitesgenerated

4acted deceptively and set out as envoys, carrying on their donkeys worn-out sacks and old wineskins, cracked and mended.
5They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy.
6They went to Joshua in the camp at Gilgal and said to him and the men of Israel, “We have come from a distant land; please make a treaty with us.”
7But the men of Israel said to the Hivites, “Perhaps you dwell near us. How can we make a treaty with you?”

Joshua 9:5 describes how the Gibeonites deceived the Israelites into believing they had traveled from a distant land. They did this by wearing old, patched sandals and threadbare clothing, and by carrying dry and moldy bread. This act of deception was part of their strategy to secure a treaty with Israel, as detailed in the surrounding verses, including Joshua 9:4 and Joshua 9:6.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Joshua 9:13These wineskins were new when we filled them, but look, they are cracked. And these clothes and sandals are worn out from our very long journey.”
2Deuteronomy 29:5For forty years I led you in the wilderness, yet your clothes and sandals did not wear out.
3Deuteronomy 33:25May the bolts of your gate be iron and bronze, and may your strength match your days.”
4Luke 15:22But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word בָּל֤וֹת, ba.Lotgenerated

The word בָּלֶה (ba.Lot) means 'worn out' or 'old,' derived from a root that emphasizes wear and age. It describes items that are no longer new or useful, indicating a state of exhaustion or deterioration.

In this verse, it describes the sandals and clothing of the Gibeonites, emphasizing their deceptive appearance. The use of this term highlights the lengths to which the Gibeonites went to convince Israel of their false narrative.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has worn out, and so do the KJV and the ASV: all three maintain the sense of age and wear for בָּל֤וֹת.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verbs יָבֵ֖שׁ (it was dried up) and הָיָ֥ה (it was) govern the main actions of the verse, with several noun phrases describing the items involved. The structure presents a clear depiction of the Gibeonites' ruse through a series of descriptive elements.

The Hebrew word order emphasizes the worn and patched nature of the sandals and clothing, placing these details at the forefront of the narrative to highlight their deceptive strategy.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

בָּל֤וֹת is rendered as πεπαλαιωμένα in the Septuagint, which conveys a similar meaning of being worn out or aged. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the Gibeonites' attempt to appear as travelers from afar.

The use of καταπεπελματωμένα for patched indicates a focus on the condition of the garments, aligning with the Hebrew's emphasis on deception through appearance.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Joshua 9:5 describes how the Gibeonites deceived Israel by wearing old, patched sandals and threadbare clothing, while carrying dry and moldy bread. This was part of their plan to trick the Israelites into making a treaty with them.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that their sandals were worn out?

It indicates that the Gibeonites were trying to appear as if they had traveled a long distance, using worn sandals to support their deception.

Why did the Gibeonites use old clothing?

The old clothing was meant to convince the Israelites that they were from a distant land, as travelers would typically wear such garments after a long journey.

What significance does the dry bread have?

The dry and moldy bread was another element of their deception, suggesting that it had been carried for a long time, further supporting their false claim of having traveled a great distance.

How does this verse connect to the broader narrative?

This verse illustrates the lengths to which the Gibeonites went to deceive Israel, which is crucial for understanding the subsequent treaty and its implications in the conquest of Canaan.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways that I might be deceived by appearances in my own life?
  2. How can I discern truth from deception in my interactions with others?
  3. What lessons can I learn from the Gibeonites' actions about the importance of honesty?
  4. In what ways can I ensure that my actions align with my true intentions?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Joshua 9:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet,.... Which being worn out, were patched with various pieces of leather: and old garments upon them; full of holes and rents, ragged and patched: and the

Read John Gill on Joshua 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy. Old shoes and clouted.

Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Joshua 9:5 And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry [and] mouldy.Ver. 5. And old shoes and clouted.] Papists, boasting so much of antiquity, are by one not unfitly compared to these Gibeonites with their old shoes and mouldy bread. Antiquity disjoined from verity is but filthy hoariness, and deserveth no more reverence than an old fornicator, who is so much the more odious because old. It is here at best, as in books, some of which are odorandae rubiginis, of greater antiquity than authority. Those were old things spoken of in 1 Chronicles 4:22, but no whit the better for that.

Read John Trapp on Joshua 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. Old shoes and clouted] Their sandals, they pretended had been worn out by long and difficult travelling, and they had been obliged to have them frequently patched during the way; their garments also were worn thin; and what remained of their bread was mouldy-spotted with age, or, as our old version has it, bored-pierced with many holes by the vermin which had bred in it, through the length of the time it had been in their sacks; and this is the most literal meaning of the original נקדים nikkudim, which means spotted or pierced with many holes. The old and clouted shoes have been a subject of some controversy: the Hebrew word בלות baloth signifies worn out, from בלה balah, to wear…

Read AdamClarke on Joshua 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. old shoes] “and ful olde shoon,” Wyclif, i.e. sandals, made of (1) hide, or (2) palm-leaves and papyrus stalks. Comp. Mark 6:9. clouted] i.e. patched, “sowid with patchis,” Wyclif; from clout, A. S. cleot, clút, “a patch,” properly a swelling from a blow, connected with Du. klotsen, to strike, as “botch” with Du. botsen. Comp. Jeremiah 38:11-12, “So Ebed-melech took … thence old cast clouts, and old rotten rags … and said unto Jeremiah, Put now these old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine armholes under the cords.” Shakespeare, II. Henry VI., iv:2, “Spare none, but such as go in clouted shoon;” and Latimer, Serm. p. 110, “Paul, yea and Peter too, had more skill in mending an old…

Read Cambridge on Joshua 9 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

5. Old shoes and clouted — Or, as the Hebrew, shoes fallen into pieces, and botched or cobbled. In long journeys the traveller walks up the hills that he may spare the heavily laden beast.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and old and patched sandals on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They had worn-out, patched sandals on their feet and dressed in worn-out clothes. All their bread was dry and hard.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and old and patched shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And old shoes and patched upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and moldy.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And olde shoes and clouted vpon their feete: also the raiment vpon them was old, and all their prouision of bread was dried, and mouled.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and old and patched sandals upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry [and] mouldy.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and sandals, old and patched, on their feet, and old garments upon them, and all the bread of their provision is dry — it was crumbs.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and sandals, old and patched, on their feet, and old garments on them, and all the bread of their provision is dry—it was crumbs.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And [put] old and patched-up shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They put old and patched sandals on their feet, and dressed in old, worn-out clothing. All the bread in their food supply was dry and moldy.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And very old shoes, which for a show of age were clouted with patches, and old garments upon them: the leaves also, which they carried for provisions by the way, were hard, and broken into pieces:

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They put on worn sandals that had been mended and wore old clothes. All their bread was dry and moldy.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And put old stitched-up shoes on their feet, and old clothing on their backs; and all the food they had with them was dry and broken up.

Word by word, the decisions they made

בָּל֤וֹתba.Lot worn out H1087 3 different renderings
oldASV BBE DBY FBV ILT LSV NWB WEB YLT
cloutedDRA GNV KJV RVA
worn outNETB ULB
בָּל֖וֹתba.Lot worn out H1087 3 different renderings
patchedASV BSB DBY ILT LSV MSB NWB WEB YLT
oldBBE DRA FBV GNV KJV RVA
worn outNETB ULB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclausenoun phrase · subjectנְעָל֨וֹתsandalsadjective phraseבָּל֤וֹתworn.outוּandמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙patchedprepositional phrase · predicateבְּ[were].onnoun phraseרַגְלֵיfeetהֶ֔םtheirוּandclausenoun phrase · subjectשְׂלָמ֥וֹתgarmentsבָּל֖וֹתworn.outprepositional phrase · predicateעֲלֵי[were].onהֶ֑םthemוְandclausenoun phrase · subjectכֹל֙allnoun phraseלֶ֣חֶםthe.breadnoun phraseצֵידָ֔their.sustenanceםtheirverbיָבֵ֖שׁit.was.dried.upclauseverbהָיָ֥הit.wasobjectנִקֻּדִֽיםcrumbs

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text describes the sandals as worn and patched, the clothing as threadbare, and the bread as dry and moldy. The Septuagint closely matches this description, with 11 of the 13 words corresponding to the Hebrew text, indicating a strong agreement in the details. However, the Septuagint's word order and articles differ from the Masoretic Text, reflecting its own stylistic choices rather than a divergence in meaning.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּנְעָל֨וֹתκαὶבָּל֤וֹתπαλαιὰוּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙καταπεπελματωμέναבְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔םποσὶνוּשְׂלָמ֥וֹתἱμάτιαבָּל֖וֹתπεπαλαιωμέναעֲלֵיהֶ֑םαὐτῶνוְכֹל֙καὶלֶ֣חֶםἄρτοςצֵידָ֔םἐπισιτισμοῦיָבֵ֖שׁχηρὸς

11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Joshua 9:5נַ֫עַלand sandalsand sandalsנַ֫עַלבָּלֶהworn outworn outבָּלֶהטָלָאand patchedand patchedטָלָארֶ֫גֶל[were] on f[were] on feet רֶ֫גֶלשַׂלְמָהand garmentand garmentsשַׂלְמָהבָּלֶהworn outworn outבָּלֶהעַל[were] on t[were] on themעַלכֹּלand alland allכֹּללֶ֫חֶם[the] bread[the] bread ofלֶ֫חֶםצַ֫יִדprovision[sprovision[s] thצַ֫יִדיָבֵשׁit was drieit was dried upיָבֵשׁהָיָהit wasit wasהָיָהנִקּוּדcrumbscrumbsנִקּוּדנָעַלto lockto lockנָעַלרָגַלto spyto spyרָגַלכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַללָחַםto fightto fightלָחַםצוּדto huntto huntצוּדשִׂמְלָהmantlemantleשִׂמְלָהעַלheightheightעַלהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאבָּלָהto become to become oldבָּלָהנֹאדwineskinwineskinנֹאדטָלָאto spotto spotטָלָאנָקֹדspeckledspeckledנָקֹדשְׂרוֹךְthongthongשְׂרוֹךְחוּםdarkeneddarkenedחוּםבֹּ֫הֶןthumb/big thumb/big toeבֹּ֫הֶןיְמָנִיrightrightיְמָנִינֶ֫שֶׁקweaponweaponנֶ֫שֶׁקכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Joshua 9:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
וּנְעָל֨וֹתu.ne.'a.Lot and sandals H5275 Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A sandal or shoe in biblical times, as mentioned in Exodus 12:11 and Deuteronomy 25:9. It was a symbol of ownership or marriage, and removing a sandal could signify refusal or separation, as seen in Ruth 4:7-8.
Tyndale gloss
sandal
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נַ֫עַל (na`al) refers to a sandal or shoe, derived from a root meaning related to a sandal tongue. The term can also symbolize occupancy, a refusal to marry, or something of little value. It appears in contexts discussing footwear, as noted in the Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נַ֫עַל n.f. sandal, shoe

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5275 נַ֫עַל sandal, shoe

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5275 na`al nah'-al

or (feminine) na;alah {nah-al-aw'}; from 5274; properly, a

sandal tongue; by extens. a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a

symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something

valueless):--dryshod, (pair of) shoe((-latchet), -s).

see HEBREW for 05274

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נַ֫עַל (na.al) — sandal.

sandal, shoe

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Ncfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Sandals

Mentioned only in Mark 6:9 and Acts 12:8. The sandal was simply a sole, made of wood or palm-bark, fastened to the foot by leathern straps. Sandals were also made of seal-skin (Ezek. 16:10; lit. tahash, “leather;” A.V., “badger’s skin;” R.V., “sealskin,” or marg., “porpoise-skin”). (See SHOE.)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Mr 6:9. The ordinary oriental sandal is a mere sole, of leather or wood, fastened to the bottom of the foot by thongs, one passing around the great toe and over the fore part of the foot, and the other around the ankle. The sole was sometimes plaited of some vegetable fibre, or cut from a fresh undressed skin; and the "shoelatchet" or thong, and indeed the whole sandal, was often of very little value, Ge 14:23 Am 2:6 8:6. Sandals are usually intended where "shoes" are spoken of in resembling our slipper, and sometimes a wooden shoe with a high heel. The Bedaween wears only a sandal.

The sandals of females were frequently much ornamented, So 7:1, and probably resembled the…

and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
בָּל֤וֹתba.Lot worn out H1087 Adj
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Worn out or old, describing something that's no longer new or useful, like the old testament's description of worn out things. It's a state of being tired or exhausted, as seen in the book of Psalms.
Amplified meaning
old, clouted
Tyndale gloss
old
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּלֶה (baleh) means 'worn out' or 'old.' It is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H1086. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to wear and age.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּלֶה] adj. worn out

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1087 בָּלֶה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1087 baleh baw-leh'

from 1086; worn out:--old.

see HEBREW for 01086

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּלֶה (ba.leh) — old.

worn out, old

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafpa
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙u.me.tu.la.'Ot and patched H2921 Conjunction · verb pual participle (passive) feminine plural
8× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to spot or patch something, like a tapestry with many colors. It can also describe something that is multicolored or variegated, and is used in the Bible to describe clothing and other objects.
Tyndale gloss
to spot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָלָא (tala') means to patch or spot, often referring to variegated or spotted patterns, particularly in sheep and goats. It can also describe colorful shrines or patched sandals. The word is built from a primitive root implying coverage with pieces, highlighting its connection to diversity in color and pattern.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[טָלָא] vb. patch, spot

Qal chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats; of high places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines)

Pu. patched, of sandals

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2921 [טָלָא] patch, spot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2921 tala' taw-law'

a primitive root; properly, to cover with pieces; i.e. (by

implication) to spot or variegate (as tapestry):--clouted,

with divers colours, spotted.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָלָא (ta.la) — to spot.

1) to patch, spot, be spotted, be coloured

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to spot

1a2) spotted (participle)

1b) (Pual) to be patched

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Pual-Inf-c — Conjunction · verb pual participle (passive) feminine plural
HC/VPsfpa
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔םbe.rag.lei.Hem [were] on feet their H7272 Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
247× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word also means a foot, like when God says he will tread on the wicked in Malachi 4:3. It's used to describe human and animal feet, as well as the base of objects like tables or idols.
Tyndale gloss
foot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֶ֫גֶל (regel) means 'foot' and can refer to a foot or leg in various contexts, including anthropomorphic references to God and other beings. It also implies steps or paces. The word is derived from a root meaning related to walking, and it appears in multiple forms, such as feet and paces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֶ֫גֶל 247 n.f. foot

foot

three times (feet, paces)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7272 רֶ֫גֶל foot . foot

. three times (feet, paces)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7272 regel reh'-gel

from 7270; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a

step; by euphem. the pudenda:--X be able to endure, X

according as, X after, X coming, X follow,

((broken-))foot((-ed, -stool)), X great toe, X haunt, X

journey, leg, + piss, + possession, time.

see HEBREW for 07270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֶ֫גֶל (re.gel) — foot.

1) foot

1a) foot, leg

1b) of God (anthropomorphic)

1c) of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table

1d) according to the pace of (with prep)

1e) three times (feet, paces)

Aramaic equivalent: re.gal (רְגַל "foot" H7271)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HR/Ncfdc/Sp3mp
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹתu.se.la.Mot and garments H8008 Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
16× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A salmah is a garment or outer clothing in Hebrew, often translated as 'clothes' or 'raiment' in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
garments
Tyndale gloss
garment
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שַׂלְמָה (*salmah*) refers to an outer garment or clothing. It is closely related to the word שִׂמְלָה (*simlah*), and its meanings include dress, raiment, and wrapper. The entries consistently emphasize its role as a type of garment.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שַׂלְמָה n.f. id. [שִׂמְלָה] (transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—garment: outer garment

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8008 שַׂלְמָה id. [שִׂמְלָה];—garment: outer garment

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8008 salmah sal-maw'

transp. for 8071; a dress:--clothes, garment, raiment.

see HEBREW for 08071

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שַׂלְמָה (sal.mah) — garment.

1) garment, outer garment, wrapper, mantle

1a) garment, outer garment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absolute
HC/Ncfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The chief garments of the Hebrews were the tunic or inner garment, and the mantle or outer garment. These seem to have constituted a "change of Rainment," Jud 14:13 19:1-30 Ac 9:39. The tunic was of linen, and was worn next to the skin, fitting close to the body; it had armholes, and sometimes wide and open sleeves, and reached below the knees; that worn by females reached to the ankles. The tunic was sometimes woven without seam, like that of Jesus, Joh 19:23. The upper garment or mantle was a piece of cloth nearly square, and two or three yards in length and breadth, which was wrapped round the body, or tied over the shoulders. A man without this robe on was sometimes said to be "naked,"

- Origin of

Ge 3:7,21

- CALLED

. Raiment

Ge 28:20; De 8:4

. Clothes

Pr 6:27; Eze 16:39

. Clothing

Job 22:6; 31:19

. Vesture

Ge 41:42; Re 19:16

- MATERIALS USED FOR

. Wool

Pr 27:26; Eze 34:3

. Silk

Pr 31:22

. Linen

and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
בָּל֖וֹתba.Lot worn out H1087 Adj
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Worn out or old, describing something that's no longer new or useful, like the old testament's description of worn out things. It's a state of being tired or exhausted, as seen in the book of Psalms.
Amplified meaning
old, patched
Tyndale gloss
old
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּלֶה (baleh) means 'worn out' or 'old.' It is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H1086. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to wear and age.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּלֶה] adj. worn out

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1087 בָּלֶה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1087 baleh baw-leh'

from 1086; worn out:--old.

see HEBREW for 01086

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּלֶה (ba.leh) — old.

worn out, old

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAafpa
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם'a.lei.Hem [were] on them H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
וְכֹל֙ve.Khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
all, everything
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
לֶ֣חֶםLe.chem [the] bread of H3899 Noun common · masculine singular construct
298× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to food, especially bread or grain. It's used throughout the Bible to describe meals, sacrifices, and daily life, highlighting the importance of food in ancient Israelite culture.
Amplified meaning
food or provision
Tyndale gloss
food
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֶ֫חֶם (lechem) means bread or food, encompassing items like grain and provisions for both humans and animals. It is derived from a related root and is used in various contexts, particularly in the Old Testament. The entries consistently emphasize its primary association with bread, though they also acknowledge its broader meaning as food.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֶ֫חֶם 296 n.m. and (rarely) f. bread, food

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3899 לֶ֫חֶם bread, food

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3899 lechem lekh'-em

from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or

grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit,

loaf, meat, victuals. See also 1036.

see HEBREW for 03898

see HEBREW for 01036

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food.

: food(eating)

1) bread, food, grain

1a) bread

1a1) bread

1a2) bread-corn

1b) food (in general)

לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: bread.

: bread/loaf

1) bread, food, grain

1a) bread

1a1) bread

1a2) bread-corn

1b) food (in general)

לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: allowance.

: allowance

1) bread, food, grain

1a) bread

1a1) bread

1a2) bread-corn

1b) food (in general)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
צֵידָ֔םtzei.Dam provision[s] their H6718 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes the food or provisions needed for a journey, often obtained through hunting. It can also refer to the act of hunting itself. In the KJV, it is translated as 'food', 'hunter', or 'venison'.
Tyndale gloss
wild game
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צַ֫יִד (tsayid) refers to hunting and game, as well as provisions or food. It is derived from a root meaning related to the chase, encompassing both the act of hunting and the food obtained from it. The entries consistently highlight its dual meaning of game and food supply, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צַ֫יִד n.m. hunting, game

base

[צַ֫יִד] n.[m.] provision, food

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6718a צַ֫יִד hunting, game H6718b צַ֫יִד provision, food

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6718 tsayid tsah'-yid

from a form of 6679 and meaning the same; the chase; also

game (thus taken); (generally) lunch (especially for a

journey):--X catcheth, food, X hunter, (that which he took

in) hunting, venison, victuals.

see HEBREW for 06679

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צַ֫יִד (tsa.yid) — wild game.

1) hunting, game

1a) hunting

1b) game hunted

צַ֫יִד (tsa.yid) — food.

1) provision, food

1a) provision, food, food-supply

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
יָבֵ֖שׁya.Vesh it was dried up H3001 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
59× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to wither or dry up, like a plant without water. It can also mean to be ashamed or disappointed. The Bible uses it to describe things that have lost their freshness or vitality.
Amplified meaning
to wither, dried up
Tyndale gloss
to wither
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָבֵשׁ (yabesh) primarily means to be dry or to wither. It can refer to something that is dried up or lacking moisture, as well as the act of drying something out. The word has different forms, including Qal (to be dry), Piel (to make dry), and Hiphil (to dry up). It conveys a sense of desiccation or loss of vitality.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered

Qal

be dry, dried up without moisture

be dried up

Pi. make dry, dry up

Hiph. dry up, make dry

dry up water

make dry, wither

exhibit dryness

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3001 יָבֵשׁ be dry, dried up, withered

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3001 yabesh yaw-bashe'

a primitive root; to be ashamed, confused or disappointed;

also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as

herbage):--be ashamed, clean, be confounded, (make) dry (up),

(do) shame(-fully), X utterly, wither (away).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָבֵשׁ (ya.vesh) — to wither.

1) to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture

1a2) to be dried up

1b) (Piel) to make dry, dry up

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to dry up, make dry

1c1a) to dry up (water)

1c1b) to make dry, wither

1c1c) to exhibit dryness

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
הָיָ֥הha.Yah it was H1961 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
and sandals worn out and patched [were] on feet their and garments worn out [were] on them and all [the] bread of provision[s] their it was dried up it was crumbs
נִקֻּדִֽים׃ni.ku.Dim crumbs H5350 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A crumb or a small, broken piece of food is what this word describes, like a biscuit with spots or a cracker. In the Bible, it can also refer to a type of hard, dry bread. The term is used to describe small, broken pieces of food.
Amplified meaning
crumbly, broken into pieces
Tyndale gloss
crumb
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נִקּוּד (niqqud) refers to something that is crumbled or easily crumbles, specifically crumbs or a type of hard biscuit. The entries suggest it is related to the concept of a crumb, with some lexicons indicating it may also refer to a biscuit or cake that is pricked. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נִקּוּד] n.[m.] perh. what is crumbled or easily crumbles, crumb

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5350 נִקּוּד, נִקֻּד

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5350 niqqud nik-kood'

from the same as 5348; a crumb (as broken to spots); also a

biscuit (as pricked):--cracknel, mouldy.

see HEBREW for 05348

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִקּוּד (niq.qud) — crumb.

1) crumbled thing, thing easily crumbled, crumbs

1a) crumbs

1b) apparently a kind of hard biscuit or cake

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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