Joshua 9:5 — Word Study
WLCוּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃
BSAThey put wornbâleh [old, clouted] patchedṭâlâʼ sandalsnaʻal on their feetregel and threadbarebâleh [old, patched] clothingsalmâh [garments] on [their bodies]ʻal and their wholekôl [all, everything] of breadlechem [food or provision] was dryyâbêsh■ [to wither, dried up] [and] moldyniqqud [crumbly, broken into pieces]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּנְעָל֨וֹת | and sandals | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| בָּל֤וֹת | worn out | Adj |
| וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ | and patched | Conjunction, verb pual participle (passive) feminine plural |
| בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם | [were] on feet their | Preposition, noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
| וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת | and garments | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| בָּל֖וֹת | worn out | Adj |
| עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם | [were] on them | Preposition, suffix |
| וְכֹל֙ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לֶ֣חֶם | [the] bread of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| צֵידָ֔ם | provision[s] their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יָבֵ֖שׁ | it was dried up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| הָיָ֥ה | it was | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| נִקֻּדִֽים׃ | crumbs | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy. |
| KJV | And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy. |
| ASV | and old and patched shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy. |
| YLT | and sandals, old and patched, on their feet, and old garments upon them, and all the bread of their provision is dry — it was crumbs. |
| WEB | and old and patched sandals on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy. |
| BBE | And put old stitched-up shoes on their feet, and old clothing on their backs; and all the food they had with them was dry and broken up. |
Where they part company is בָּל֤וֹת — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of three main clauses, each detailing the deceptive actions of the Gibeonites.





6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, AdamClarke & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָבֵשׁ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 9:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Deception of the Gibeonitesgenerated
Joshua 9:5 describes how the Gibeonites deceived the Israelites into believing they had traveled from a distant land. They did this by wearing old, patched sandals and threadbare clothing, and by carrying dry and moldy bread. This act of deception was part of their strategy to secure a treaty with Israel, as detailed in the surrounding verses, including Joshua 9:4 and Joshua 9:6.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 9:13 | These wineskins were new when we filled them, but look, they are cracked. And these clothes and sandals are worn out from our very long journey.” |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 29:5 | For forty years I led you in the wilderness, yet your clothes and sandals did not wear out. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 33:25 | May the bolts of your gate be iron and bronze, and may your strength match your days.” |
| 4 | Luke 15:22 | But the father said to his servants, ‘Quick! Bring the best robe and put it on him. Put a ring on his finger and sandals on his feet. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בָּל֤וֹת, ba.Lotgenerated
The word בָּלֶה (ba.Lot) means 'worn out' or 'old,' derived from a root that emphasizes wear and age. It describes items that are no longer new or useful, indicating a state of exhaustion or deterioration.
In this verse, it describes the sandals and clothing of the Gibeonites, emphasizing their deceptive appearance. The use of this term highlights the lengths to which the Gibeonites went to convince Israel of their false narrative.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has worn out, and so do the KJV and the ASV: all three maintain the sense of age and wear for בָּל֤וֹת.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verbs יָבֵ֖שׁ (it was dried up) and הָיָ֥ה (it was) govern the main actions of the verse, with several noun phrases describing the items involved. The structure presents a clear depiction of the Gibeonites' ruse through a series of descriptive elements.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the worn and patched nature of the sandals and clothing, placing these details at the forefront of the narrative to highlight their deceptive strategy.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
בָּל֤וֹת is rendered as πεπαλαιωμένα in the Septuagint, which conveys a similar meaning of being worn out or aged. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the Gibeonites' attempt to appear as travelers from afar.
The use of καταπεπελματωμένα for patched indicates a focus on the condition of the garments, aligning with the Hebrew's emphasis on deception through appearance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 9:5 describes how the Gibeonites deceived Israel by wearing old, patched sandals and threadbare clothing, while carrying dry and moldy bread. This was part of their plan to trick the Israelites into making a treaty with them.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the Gibeonites were trying to appear as if they had traveled a long distance, using worn sandals to support their deception.
The old clothing was meant to convince the Israelites that they were from a distant land, as travelers would typically wear such garments after a long journey.
The dry and moldy bread was another element of their deception, suggesting that it had been carried for a long time, further supporting their false claim of having traveled a great distance.
This verse illustrates the lengths to which the Gibeonites went to deceive Israel, which is crucial for understanding the subsequent treaty and its implications in the conquest of Canaan.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some ways that I might be deceived by appearances in my own life?
- How can I discern truth from deception in my interactions with others?
- What lessons can I learn from the Gibeonites' actions about the importance of honesty?
- In what ways can I ensure that my actions align with my true intentions?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 9:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd old shoes and clouted upon their feet,.... Which being worn out, were patched with various pieces of leather: and old garments upon them; full of holes and rents, ragged and patched: and the
Read John Gill on Joshua 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy. Old shoes and clouted.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJoshua 9:5 And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry [and] mouldy.Ver. 5. And old shoes and clouted.] Papists, boasting so much of antiquity, are by one not unfitly compared to these Gibeonites with their old shoes and mouldy bread. Antiquity disjoined from verity is but filthy hoariness, and deserveth no more reverence than an old fornicator, who is so much the more odious because old. It is here at best, as in books, some of which are odorandae rubiginis, of greater antiquity than authority. Those were old things spoken of in 1 Chronicles 4:22, but no whit the better for that.
Read John Trapp on Joshua 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. Old shoes and clouted] Their sandals, they pretended had been worn out by long and difficult travelling, and they had been obliged to have them frequently patched during the way; their garments also were worn thin; and what remained of their bread was mouldy-spotted with age, or, as our old version has it, bored-pierced with many holes by the vermin which had bred in it, through the length of the time it had been in their sacks; and this is the most literal meaning of the original נקדים nikkudim, which means spotted or pierced with many holes. The old and clouted shoes have been a subject of some controversy: the Hebrew word בלות baloth signifies worn out, from בלה balah, to wear…
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CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. old shoes] “and ful olde shoon,” Wyclif, i.e. sandals, made of (1) hide, or (2) palm-leaves and papyrus stalks. Comp. Mark 6:9. clouted] i.e. patched, “sowid with patchis,” Wyclif; from clout, A. S. cleot, clút, “a patch,” properly a swelling from a blow, connected with Du. klotsen, to strike, as “botch” with Du. botsen. Comp. Jeremiah 38:11-12, “So Ebed-melech took … thence old cast clouts, and old rotten rags … and said unto Jeremiah, Put now these old cast clouts and rotten rags under thine armholes under the cords.” Shakespeare, II. Henry VI., iv:2, “Spare none, but such as go in clouted shoon;” and Latimer, Serm. p. 110, “Paul, yea and Peter too, had more skill in mending an old…
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Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible5. Old shoes and clouted — Or, as the Hebrew, shoes fallen into pieces, and botched or cobbled. In long journeys the traveller walks up the hills that he may spare the heavily laden beast.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 9 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy.
and old and patched sandals on their feet, and wore old garments. All the bread of their food supply was dry and moldy.
They put worn, patched sandals on their feet and threadbare clothing on their bodies, and their whole supply of bread was dry and moldy.
They had worn-out, patched sandals on their feet and dressed in worn-out clothes. All their bread was dry and hard.
Tyndale line
And old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.
and old and patched shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy.
and old shoes and clouted upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and was become mouldy.
And old shoes and patched upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry and moldy.
And olde shoes and clouted vpon their feete: also the raiment vpon them was old, and all their prouision of bread was dried, and mouled.
Strictly literal
and old and patched sandals upon their feet, and old garments upon them; and all the bread of their provision was dry [and] mouldy.
and sandals, old and patched, on their feet, and old garments upon them, and all the bread of their provision is dry — it was crumbs.
and sandals, old and patched, on their feet, and old garments on them, and all the bread of their provision is dry—it was crumbs.
And [put] old and patched-up shoes upon their feet, and old garments upon themselves; and all the bread of their provision was dry and mouldy.
They put old and patched sandals on their feet, and dressed in old, worn-out clothing. All the bread in their food supply was dry and moldy.
From the Latin
And very old shoes, which for a show of age were clouted with patches, and old garments upon them: the leaves also, which they carried for provisions by the way, were hard, and broken into pieces:
Simplified
They put on worn sandals that had been mended and wore old clothes. All their bread was dry and moldy.
And put old stitched-up shoes on their feet, and old clothing on their backs; and all the food they had with them was dry and broken up.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text describes the sandals as worn and patched, the clothing as threadbare, and the bread as dry and moldy. The Septuagint closely matches this description, with 11 of the 13 words corresponding to the Hebrew text, indicating a strong agreement in the details. However, the Septuagint's word order and articles differ from the Masoretic Text, reflecting its own stylistic choices rather than a divergence in meaning.
וּנְעָל֨וֹת בָּל֤וֹת וּמְטֻלָּאוֹת֙ בְּרַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וּשְׂלָמ֥וֹת בָּל֖וֹת עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וְכֹל֙ לֶ֣חֶם צֵידָ֔ם יָבֵ֖שׁ הָיָ֥ה נִקֻּדִֽים׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 9:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נַ֫עַל (na`al) refers to a sandal or shoe, derived from a root meaning related to a sandal tongue. The term can also symbolize occupancy, a refusal to marry, or something of little value. It appears in contexts discussing footwear, as noted in the Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's entries.
נַ֫עַל n.f. sandal, shoe
base
H5275 נַ֫עַל sandal, shoe
5275 na`al nah'-al
or (feminine) na;alah {nah-al-aw'}; from 5274; properly, a
sandal tongue; by extens. a sandal or slipper (sometimes as a
symbol of occupancy, a refusal to marry, or of something
valueless):--dryshod, (pair of) shoe((-latchet), -s).
see HEBREW for 05274
נַ֫עַל (na.al) — sandal.
sandal, shoe
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Ncfpa
Sandals
Mentioned only in Mark 6:9 and Acts 12:8. The sandal was simply a sole, made of wood or palm-bark, fastened to the foot by leathern straps. Sandals were also made of seal-skin (Ezek. 16:10; lit. tahash, “leather;” A.V., “badger’s skin;” R.V., “sealskin,” or marg., “porpoise-skin”). (See SHOE.)
Mr 6:9. The ordinary oriental sandal is a mere sole, of leather or wood, fastened to the bottom of the foot by thongs, one passing around the great toe and over the fore part of the foot, and the other around the ankle. The sole was sometimes plaited of some vegetable fibre, or cut from a fresh undressed skin; and the "shoelatchet" or thong, and indeed the whole sandal, was often of very little value, Ge 14:23 Am 2:6 8:6. Sandals are usually intended where "shoes" are spoken of in resembling our slipper, and sometimes a wooden shoe with a high heel. The Bedaween wears only a sandal.
The sandals of females were frequently much ornamented, So 7:1, and probably resembled the…
בָּלֶה (baleh) means 'worn out' or 'old.' It is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H1086. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to wear and age.
[בָּלֶה] adj. worn out
base
H1087 בָּלֶה
1087 baleh baw-leh'
from 1086; worn out:--old.
see HEBREW for 01086
בָּלֶה (ba.leh) — old.
worn out, old
Adj — AdjHAafpa
טָלָא (tala') means to patch or spot, often referring to variegated or spotted patterns, particularly in sheep and goats. It can also describe colorful shrines or patched sandals. The word is built from a primitive root implying coverage with pieces, highlighting its connection to diversity in color and pattern.
[טָלָא] vb. patch, spot
Qal chiefly of spotted, variegated sheep and goats; of high places, variegated (gaily-coloured shrines)
Pu. patched, of sandals
base
H2921 [טָלָא] patch, spot
2921 tala' taw-law'
a primitive root; properly, to cover with pieces; i.e. (by
implication) to spot or variegate (as tapestry):--clouted,
with divers colours, spotted.
טָלָא (ta.la) — to spot.
1) to patch, spot, be spotted, be coloured
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to spot
1a2) spotted (participle)
1b) (Pual) to be patched
Conj | V-Pual-Inf-c — Conjunction · verb pual participle (passive) feminine pluralHC/VPsfpa
רֶ֫גֶל (regel) means 'foot' and can refer to a foot or leg in various contexts, including anthropomorphic references to God and other beings. It also implies steps or paces. The word is derived from a root meaning related to walking, and it appears in multiple forms, such as feet and paces.
רֶ֫גֶל 247 n.f. foot
foot
three times (feet, paces)
base
H7272 רֶ֫גֶל foot . foot
. three times (feet, paces)
7272 regel reh'-gel
from 7270; a foot (as used in walking); by implication, a
step; by euphem. the pudenda:--X be able to endure, X
according as, X after, X coming, X follow,
((broken-))foot((-ed, -stool)), X great toe, X haunt, X
journey, leg, + piss, + possession, time.
see HEBREW for 07270
רֶ֫גֶל (re.gel) — foot.
1) foot
1a) foot, leg
1b) of God (anthropomorphic)
1c) of seraphim, cherubim, idols, animals, table
1d) according to the pace of (with prep)
1e) three times (feet, paces)
Aramaic equivalent: re.gal (רְגַל "foot" H7271)
Prep | N-fd | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHR/Ncfdc/Sp3mp
שַׂלְמָה (*salmah*) refers to an outer garment or clothing. It is closely related to the word שִׂמְלָה (*simlah*), and its meanings include dress, raiment, and wrapper. The entries consistently emphasize its role as a type of garment.
שַׂלְמָה n.f. id. [שִׂמְלָה] (transp. from שִׂמְלָה);—garment: outer garment
base
H8008 שַׂלְמָה id. [שִׂמְלָה];—garment: outer garment
8008 salmah sal-maw'
transp. for 8071; a dress:--clothes, garment, raiment.
see HEBREW for 08071
שַׂלְמָה (sal.mah) — garment.
1) garment, outer garment, wrapper, mantle
1a) garment, outer garment
Conj | N-fp — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural absoluteHC/Ncfpa
The chief garments of the Hebrews were the tunic or inner garment, and the mantle or outer garment. These seem to have constituted a "change of Rainment," Jud 14:13 19:1-30 Ac 9:39. The tunic was of linen, and was worn next to the skin, fitting close to the body; it had armholes, and sometimes wide and open sleeves, and reached below the knees; that worn by females reached to the ankles. The tunic was sometimes woven without seam, like that of Jesus, Joh 19:23. The upper garment or mantle was a piece of cloth nearly square, and two or three yards in length and breadth, which was wrapped round the body, or tied over the shoulders. A man without this robe on was sometimes said to be "naked,"
בָּלֶה (baleh) means 'worn out' or 'old.' It is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H1086. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to wear and age.
[בָּלֶה] adj. worn out
base
H1087 בָּלֶה
1087 baleh baw-leh'
from 1086; worn out:--old.
see HEBREW for 01086
בָּלֶה (ba.leh) — old.
worn out, old
Adj — AdjHAafpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3mp
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
לֶ֫חֶם (lechem) means bread or food, encompassing items like grain and provisions for both humans and animals. It is derived from a related root and is used in various contexts, particularly in the Old Testament. The entries consistently emphasize its primary association with bread, though they also acknowledge its broader meaning as food.
לֶ֫חֶם 296 n.m. and (rarely) f. bread, food
base
H3899 לֶ֫חֶם bread, food
3899 lechem lekh'-em
from 3898; food (for man or beast), especially bread, or
grain (for making it):--((shew-))bread, X eat, food, fruit,
loaf, meat, victuals. See also 1036.
see HEBREW for 03898
see HEBREW for 01036
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food.
: food(eating)
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: bread.
: bread/loaf
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
לֶ֫חֶם (le.chem) — food: allowance.
: allowance
1) bread, food, grain
1a) bread
1a1) bread
1a2) bread-corn
1b) food (in general)
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
צַ֫יִד (tsayid) refers to hunting and game, as well as provisions or food. It is derived from a root meaning related to the chase, encompassing both the act of hunting and the food obtained from it. The entries consistently highlight its dual meaning of game and food supply, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
צַ֫יִד n.m. hunting, game
base
[צַ֫יִד] n.[m.] provision, food
base
H6718a צַ֫יִד hunting, game H6718b צַ֫יִד provision, food
6718 tsayid tsah'-yid
from a form of 6679 and meaning the same; the chase; also
game (thus taken); (generally) lunch (especially for a
journey):--X catcheth, food, X hunter, (that which he took
in) hunting, venison, victuals.
see HEBREW for 06679
צַ֫יִד (tsa.yid) — wild game.
1) hunting, game
1a) hunting
1b) game hunted
צַ֫יִד (tsa.yid) — food.
1) provision, food
1a) provision, food, food-supply
HNcmsc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
יָבֵשׁ (yabesh) primarily means to be dry or to wither. It can refer to something that is dried up or lacking moisture, as well as the act of drying something out. The word has different forms, including Qal (to be dry), Piel (to make dry), and Hiphil (to dry up). It conveys a sense of desiccation or loss of vitality.
יָבֵשׁ vb. be dry, dried up, withered
Qal
be dry, dried up without moisture
be dried up
Pi. make dry, dry up
Hiph. dry up, make dry
dry up water
make dry, wither
exhibit dryness
base
H3001 יָבֵשׁ be dry, dried up, withered
3001 yabesh yaw-bashe'
a primitive root; to be ashamed, confused or disappointed;
also (as failing) to dry up (as water) or wither (as
herbage):--be ashamed, clean, be confounded, (make) dry (up),
(do) shame(-fully), X utterly, wither (away).
יָבֵשׁ (ya.vesh) — to wither.
1) to make dry, wither, be dry, become dry, be dried up, be withered
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be dry, be dried up, be without moisture
1a2) to be dried up
1b) (Piel) to make dry, dry up
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to dry up, make dry
1c1a) to dry up (water)
1c1b) to make dry, wither
1c1c) to exhibit dryness
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
נִקּוּד (niqqud) refers to something that is crumbled or easily crumbles, specifically crumbs or a type of hard biscuit. The entries suggest it is related to the concept of a crumb, with some lexicons indicating it may also refer to a biscuit or cake that is pricked. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[נִקּוּד] n.[m.] perh. what is crumbled or easily crumbles, crumb
base
H5350 נִקּוּד, נִקֻּד
5350 niqqud nik-kood'
from the same as 5348; a crumb (as broken to spots); also a
biscuit (as pricked):--cracknel, mouldy.
see HEBREW for 05348
נִקּוּד (niq.qud) — crumb.
1) crumbled thing, thing easily crumbled, crumbs
1a) crumbs
1b) apparently a kind of hard biscuit or cake
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
