Joshua 19:15 — Word Study
WLCוְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃
BSAIt also included KattathQaṭṭâth△ [a small town] NahalalNahălâl [possibly the modern village of Malul] ShimronShimrôwn [watch-height] IdalahYidʼălâh△ [memorial of God] and BethlehemBêyth Lechem [house of bread] There were twelveshᵉnayim citiesʻîyr [towns with walls or watchmen] along with their villageschâtsêr [small settlements, courts]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְקַטָּ֤ת | and Kattah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ | and Nahalal | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן | and Shimron | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה | and Idalah | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּבֵ֣ית | and Beth- | Conjunction, noun proper |
| לָ֑חֶם | -lehem | Noun proper |
| עָרִ֥ים | cities | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| שְׁתֵּים־ | two [plus] | Adj |
| עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה | ten | |
| וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and villages their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | It also included Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem. There were twelve cities, along with their villages. |
| KJV | And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities with their villages. |
| ASV | and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages. |
| YLT | and Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-Lehem; twelve cities and their villages. |
| WEB | Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages. |
| BBE | And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Beth-lehem; twelve towns with their unwalled places. |
Where they part company is on the translation of עָרִ֥ים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause listing the cities, followed by a subordinate clause stating the total number of cities and mentioning their villages.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 10 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 19:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Inheritance of Zebulungenerated
Joshua 19:15 describes the cities that were part of the inheritance for the tribe of Zebulun. This verse follows a description of the borders of Zebulun and precedes the declaration of the inheritance for the clans of the tribe. The listing of cities emphasizes the allocation of land and resources to the tribes of Israel, which is a recurring theme in the book of Joshua.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 21:34–35 | This is what the Merarite clan (the rest of the Levites) were given: From the tribe of Zebulun they were given Jokneam, Kartah, |
| 2 | Judges 1:30 | Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers. |
| 3 | Joshua 11:1 | Now when Jabin king of Hazor heard about these things, he sent word to Jobab king of Madon; to the kings of Shimron and Achshaph; |
| 4 | Joshua 12:20 | the king of Shimron-meron, one; the king of Achshaph, one; |
| 5 | Ruth 1:19 | So Naomi and Ruth traveled until they came to Bethlehem. When they entered Bethlehem, the whole city was stirred because of them, and the women of the city exclaimed, “Can this be Naomi?” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עָרִ֥ים, 'a.Rimgenerated
The Hebrew word עִיר ('iyr) means 'city' and is often used to describe a fortified settlement or town. In this context, it indicates towns that were significant enough to have walls or watchmen, highlighting their importance in the tribal structure of Israel.
The plural form עָרִים suggests a collection of such towns, which were essential for the social and economic life of the tribes. This word is used frequently throughout the Old Testament to denote various cities, emphasizing their role in the narrative of Israel's history.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term cities to translate עָרִ֥ים.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause of this verse is structured around the finite verb that governs the entire sentence. The nouns that follow serve as objects, listing the cities included in Zebulun's territory.
The sentence is organized to first name the cities, followed by the numeral phrase indicating the total count of cities and concluding with a description of their villages, which adds detail to the settlements.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עָרִ֥ים with a Greek term that aligns with the concept of cities, indicating a consistent understanding of these locations as significant settlements.
The choice of words in the Septuagint reflects a similar emphasis on the importance of these cities within the context of the Israelite tribes.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 19:15 lists the cities belonging to the tribe of Zebulun: Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem. It states that there were twelve cities in total, along with their villages, indicating the settlements that were part of their inheritance.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Kattath means 'small' and is another name for Kitron, a town in Zebulun.
Bethlehem means 'house of bread' and is known as the birthplace of David and later Jesus.
The verse mentions twelve cities that were part of Zebulun's territory.
The villages refer to smaller settlements associated with the cities, indicating a network of habitation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What role do these cities play in the history of the tribe of Zebulun?
- How does the naming of these cities reflect the culture and values of the Israelites?
- What can we learn about the significance of land and inheritance from this passage?
- In what ways do the meanings of these city names contribute to our understanding of the biblical narrative?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 19:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Kattath, and Nahallal,.... Of the two first of these we read nowhere else, but in Joshua 21:34; and Shimron was a royal city, the king of which Joshua took and hanged, Joshua 11:1; and Idalah is
Read John Gill on Joshua 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages. Kattath , [Septuagint, Katanath] - is supposed by Schwarz to be the Cana of Galilee.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBethlehem; not that where Christ was born, which was in Judah, thence called Bethlehem Judah, , but another. Twelve cities: there are more numbered here, but the rest either were not cities properly so called, having villages under their jurisdiction; or were not within this tribe, but only bordering upon it, and belonging to other tribes, which is evident of some of them, and may well be presumed of others.
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) Nahallal.—(‘Ain Mahil, sheet 6). Shimron.—(Simûmieh, west of Nazareth, sheet 5). Idalah.—(El Huwârah, a ruin just south of Bethlehem, sheet 5). Beth-lehem.—(Beit-Lahm, sheet v.). It seems right to refer Ibzan of Bethlehem (Judges 12:8; Judges 12:10) to this town. The other Bethlehem is called in Judges and Ruth, Bethlehem-Judah; and in Micah, Bethlehem-Ephratah (Judges 17:7; Judges 19:1; Rth 1:1; Micah 5:2). Bethlehem-Judah is designated Bethlehem only when it is impossible to mistake it for Bethlehem of Zebulun (e.g., Rth 1:19, and 1 Samuel 16:4). Twelve cities.—Ittah-kazin, Neah, Dabbasheth, and Kattath have not been identified, and they may not all be names of towns.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 19 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 15. Shimron] See Clarke on Joshua 12:20. Beth-lehem] The house of bread; a different place from that in which our Lord was born.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. and Kattath] The account of the cities here appears to be imperfect. We have only the names of five cities given, though there are said to have been “twelve cities and their villages.” There is nothing to which the list of terms here given, introduced by and, can be attached. Kattath] This also has been supposed to be “Cana of Galilee.” Nahallal, Shimron (ch. Joshua 11:1), Idalah, are all as yet unknown. Beth-lehem] This Beth-lehem in Zebulun is not to be confounded with Beth-lehem Ephratah in Judah (Genesis 35:19).
Read Cambridge on Joshua 19 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTwelve cities - Only five have been mentioned, and the names in the verses preceding are apparently not names of Zebulonite cities, but merely of points in or near the boundary line.
Read Albert Barnes on Joshua 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible15. Beth-lehem is the only one of the five cities named in this verse which has been with any certainty identified. Dr.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
It also included Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem. There were twelve cities, along with their villages.
Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.
It also included Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem. There were twelve cities, along with their villages.
Their territory included Kattah, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem; in all they had twelve cities and their towns.
Tyndale line
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities with their villages.
and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.
and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities with their villages.
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem; twelve cities with their villages.
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-lehem: twelue cities with their villages.
Strictly literal
and Kattath, and Nahalal, and Shimron, and Jidalah, and Beth-lehem: twelve cities and their hamlets.
and Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-Lehem; twelve cities and their villages.
and Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Beth-Lehem; twelve cities and their villages.
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Yidalah, and Beth-lechem: twelve cities with their villages.
This region included the cities of Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem. There were twelve cities, including their villages.
From the Latin
And Cateth and Naalol and Semeron and Jedala and Bethlehem: twelve cities and their villages.
Simplified
The towns included: Kattath, Nahalal, Shimron, Idalah, and Bethlehem —twelve towns with their associated villages.
And Kattath and Nahalal and Shimron and Idalah and Beth-lehem; twelve towns with their unwalled places.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the cities as וְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃. The Septuagint aligns with this listing, confirming the presence of these cities in both texts.
וְקַטָּ֤ת וְנַֽהֲלָל֙ וְשִׁמְר֔וֹן וְיִדְאֲלָ֖ה וּבֵ֣ית לָ֑חֶם עָרִ֥ים שְׁתֵּים־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃
5 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 19:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
קַטָּת (Qattath) refers to a location in Zebulun, described as 'small.' It is mentioned in Joshua 19:15 and is associated with another name, קִטְרוֹן (Kitron). The word is derived from a root meaning 'littleness.'
קַטָּת n.pr.loc. in Zebulun Jos 19:15
ref
H7005 קַטָּת
7005 Qattath kat-tawth'
from 6996; littleness; Kattath, a place in
Palestine:--Kattath.
see HEBREW for 06996
קַטָּת (qat.tat) — Kattath.
Kattath = "small"
a town in Zebulun
Another name of qit.ron (קִטְרוֹן "Kitron" H7003)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
נַהֲלֹל (Nahalal) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a city in the territory of Zebulun. It is associated with the Levites and is noted for its meaning related to 'pasture.' The name appears in several biblical references, including Judges 1:30 and Joshua 19:15.
נַהֲלֹל n.pr.loc. Ju 1:30 in Zebulun; = נַהֲלָל Jos 19:15 21:35
ref
H5096 נַהֲלֹל, נַהֲלָל
5096 Nahalal nah-hal-awl'
or Nahalol {nah-hal-ole'}; the same as 5097; Nahalal or
Nahalol, a place in Palestine:--Nahalal, Nahallal, Nahalol.
see HEBREW for 05097
נַהֲלֹל (na.ha.lal) — Nahalol.
§ Nahalal or Nahallal or Nahalol = "pasture"
one of the cities of Zebulun given to the Merarite Levites
maybe modern 'Malul', a village in the plain of Esdraelon
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
na'-hal-al (nachalal; Codex Vaticanus, Baithman; Codex Alexandrinus Naalol, and other forms): A city in the territory of Zebulun assigned with its suburbs to the Merarite Levites, out of which the Canaanite inhabitants were not driven (Jos 19:15, the King James Version (incorrectly) "Nahallal"; Jos 21:35; Jud 1:30, "Nahalol"). In the Talmud Jerusalem (Meg., i.1) it is identified with Mahlul. This name might correspond either with `Ain Mahil, or with Ma`lul. The former lies about 3 1/2 miles Northeast of Nazareth on a hill near the eastern boundary of Zebulun. The latter is situated about 3 1/2 miles West of Nazareth, near the southern border of Zebulun. The change of "n" to "m" is not unusual.
W. Ewing
שִׁמְרוֹן (Shimron) refers to both a Canaanite city and a man from the tribe of Issachar. The name suggests a meaning related to 'watch-height.' The city was allotted to Zebulun, while the individual Shimron is noted as a son of Issachar, linked to other family members. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
שִׁמְרוֹן n.pr.loc. Canaanite city, with king
base
שִׁמְרוֹן n.pr.m. son of Issachar
base
H8110a שִׁמְרוֹן Canaanite city, with king H8110b שִׁמְרוֹן son of Issachar
8110 Shimrown shim-rone'
from 8105 in its original sense; guardianship; Shimron, the
name of an Israelite and of a place in Palestine:--Shimron.
see HEBREW for 08105
שִׁמְרוֹן (shim.ron) — Shimron.
Shimron = "watch-height"
a Canaanite royal city allotted to Zebulun
Also named: shim.ron me.r.on (שִׁמְרוֹן מְראוֹן "Shimron-meron" H8112)
שִׁמְרוֹן (shim.ron) — Shimron.
A man of the tribe of Issachar living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.13;
son of: Issachar (H3485);
brother of: Tola (H8439), Puah (H6312) and Jashub (H3437H)
Also named: shim.ro.ni (שִׁמְרֹנִי "Shimronite" H8117)
§ Shimron = "watch-height"
4th son of Issachar and the progenitor of the family of Shimronites
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Shimron
Watch-post, an ancient city of the Canaanites; with its villages, allotted to Zebulun (Josh. 19:15); now probably Semunieh, on the northern edge of the plain of Esdraelon, 5 miles west of Nazareth.
(watch-height). A city of Zebulun. (Joshua 11:1; 19:15) Its full appellation was perhaps Shimron-meron. The fourth son of Issachar according to the lists of Genesis, (Genesis 46:13) and Numbers, (Numbers 26:24) and the head of the family of the Shimronites.
יִדְאֲלָה (Yidalah) refers to a location in Zebulun, mentioned in Joshua 19:15. Its name is interpreted as 'memorial of God.' The entries indicate that its derivation is uncertain, and it is identified as a town situated between Shimron and Bethlehem.
יִדְאֲלָה n.pr.loc. in Zebulun Jos 19:15
ref
H3030 יִדְאֲלָה
3030 Yidalah yid-al-aw'
of uncertain derivation; Jidalah, a place in
Palestine:--Idalah.
יִדְאֲלָה (yid.a.lah) — Idalah.
§ Idalah = "memorial of God"
a town in Zebulun between Shimron and Bethlehem
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
id'-a-la, i-da'-la (yidh'alah): A town in the territory of Zebulun, named with Shimron and Beth-lehem (Jos 19:15). The Talmud identifies it with Churyeh (Talm Jerusalem on Megh., I, 1). This, Conder thinks, may be represented by the modern Khirbet el-Chuwara to the South of Beit Lachm.
Idalah
Snares(?), a city near the west border of Zebulun (Josh. 19:15). It has been identified with the modern Jeida, in the valley of Kishon.
(memorial of God), one of the cities of the tribe of Zebulun, named between Shimron and Bethlehem. (Joshua 19:15)
the hand of slander, or of cursing
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (Beyth Lechem) means 'house of bread' and refers to two locations in ancient Palestine: one in Judah, known as the birthplace of David, and another in Zebulun, northwest of Nazareth. The word is built from the roots for 'house' and 'bread'.
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם 41 n.pr.loc.
in Judah, 2 hours south of Jerusalem; birth-place of David
in Zeb., 7 m. NW. of Nazareth
base
H1035 בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם . in Judah, 2 hours south of Jerusalem; birth-place of David
. in Zeb., 7 m. NW. of Nazareth
1035 Beyth Lechem bayth leh'-khem
from 1004 and 3899; house of bread; Beth- Lechem, a place in
Palestine:--Beth-lehem.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 03899
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (bet le.chem) — Bethlehem.
§ Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)"
a city in Judah, birthplace of David
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (bet le.chem) — Bethlehem.
§ Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)"
a place in Zebulun
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (Beyth Lechem) means 'house of bread' and refers to two locations in ancient Palestine: one in Judah, known as the birthplace of David, and another in Zebulun, northwest of Nazareth. The word is built from the roots for 'house' and 'bread'.
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם 41 n.pr.loc.
in Judah, 2 hours south of Jerusalem; birth-place of David
in Zeb., 7 m. NW. of Nazareth
base
H1035 בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם . in Judah, 2 hours south of Jerusalem; birth-place of David
. in Zeb., 7 m. NW. of Nazareth
1035 Beyth Lechem bayth leh'-khem
from 1004 and 3899; house of bread; Beth- Lechem, a place in
Palestine:--Beth-lehem.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 03899
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (bet le.chem) — Bethlehem.
§ Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)"
a city in Judah, birthplace of David
בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם (bet le.chem) — Bethlehem.
§ Beth-lehem = "house of bread (food)"
a place in Zebulun
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Adj — AdjHAcfda
עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.
עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
base
H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
6240 `asar aw-sawr'
for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also
(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,
six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +
twelve(-th).
see HEBREW for 06235
עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.
1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
HAcbsa — HAcbsa
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Conj | N-cp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3fp