Menu

Job 8:2 — Word Study

Depth

WLCעַד־ אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה וְר֥וּחַ כַּ֝בִּיר אִמְרֵי־ פִֽיךָ׃

BSAHow longʻad will you go on sayingmâlal [speaking, talking] such thingsʼêl-leh [these words, these matters] The wordsʼêmer [utterances, sayings] of your mouthpeh [lips, speech] are a blusteringkabbîyr [strong, mighty] windrûwach [a blast of air]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 8
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 2 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Fi.kha) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 8:2quick helps
In a sentenceBildad questions how long Job will continue to speak without substance.
Who is speakingBildad the Shuhite, responding to Job.
Where we areA dialogue in the book of Job, focusing on the theme of speech and its weight.
The hard wordכַּ֝בִּיר
Take awayWords without meaning are like a powerful wind.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbמָלַל The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 8:2

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Dialogue of Jobgenerated

1Then Bildad the Shuhite replied:
2“How long will you go on saying such things? The words of your mouth are a blustering wind.
3Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert what is right?
4When your children sinned against Him, He gave them over to their rebellion.

Job 8:2 finds Bildad confronting Job about his words, questioning their validity and weight. This passage forms part of a larger discourse on suffering and divine justice, where friends attempt to reason with Job regarding his plight. The emphasis on speech highlights the importance of what we say and the implications it carries in the context of suffering and faith.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 11:2–3“Should this stream of words go unanswered and such a speaker be vindicated?
2Job 16:3Is there no end to your long-winded speeches? What provokes you to continue testifying?
3Job 18:2“How long until you end these speeches? Show some sense, and then we can talk.
4Job 19:2–3“How long will you torment me and crush me with your words?
5Exodus 10:3–7So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word כַּ֝בִּיר, Ka.birgenerated

The word כַּ֝בִּיר (kabir) means mighty or powerful, often used to describe something of great extent or strength. It is an adjective that conveys a sense of grandeur, referring to both physical might and the weight of words.

In this verse, Bildad uses כַּ֝בִּיר to describe the wind, suggesting that Job's words lack substance and are as empty as a strong wind. The choice of this word emphasizes the futility of Job's speech in the eyes of his friend.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses blustering, which captures the essence of emptiness associated with the wind.

Where others part company with the BSB they part company over the word כַּ֝בִּירstrong (KJV, ASV, YLT) emphasizes the force of the wind, while mighty (WEB, RVA) leans toward the grandeur of the concept.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb תְּמַלֶּל (te.malel) governs the main clause, with a noun phrase describing the subject and another noun phrase serving as the predicate. The structure emphasizes the question of duration, focusing on the act of speaking and its implications.

The arrangement of the sentence highlights the contrast between Job's words and the metaphor of the wind, underscoring the emptiness of the former through the powerful imagery of the latter.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew כַּ֝בִּיר is rendered with the Greek word πολυρῆμον which implies a multitude or abundance. This choice suggests a broader interpretation of Job's words as not just empty but overwhelming in their lack of substance.

This translation reflects a nuanced understanding of the original Hebrew, emphasizing the rhetorical strength of Bildad's critique.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 8:2 shows Bildad questioning Job's continued speech. He compares Job's words to a strong wind, implying they are empty and without weight. This exchange highlights the struggle between suffering and the search for understanding in the midst of hardship.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Bildad mean by comparing Job's words to a wind?

Bildad suggests that Job's words lack substance and are as empty as a strong wind.

Why does Bildad ask how long Job will continue to speak?

He is expressing frustration over Job's continued lamentation and seeks to challenge the validity of his words.

What is the significance of the word 'mighty' in this context?

The term 'mighty' emphasizes the overwhelming nature of the wind, contrasting it with the emptiness of Job's speech.

How do Job's friends respond to his suffering?

They attempt to reason with him, often questioning his integrity and the validity of his complaints.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I express my frustrations, and are they grounded in truth?
  2. How can I ensure that my words carry weight and meaning in difficult conversations?
  3. What does it mean to speak with integrity, especially in times of distress?
  4. How do I discern when to speak and when to remain silent, especially when offering comfort to others?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Gregory the Dialogist comments on this verse, noting the implications of speaking without substance and the nature of words in discourse.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book VIII c. 540–604
How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the breath of the words of thy mouth be multiplied? When multiplicity is blamed in the speech, surely it is thereby denied that there is weight of meaning in the sense.
Early Church Fathers on Job 8 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 8:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

How long wilt thou speak these [things]?.... Either what he had delivered in the "third" chapter in cursing the day of his birth, and wishing for death, in which sentiments he still continued, and

Read John Gill on Job 8 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind? Like a strong wind - disregarding restraints, vain, rash, and daring against God.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 8 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

i.e. Boisterous and violent, swelling and furious, opposing all persons and things that stand in thy way, not sparing either God or men.

Read Matthew Poole on Job 8 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 8:2 How long wilt thou speak these [things]? and [how long shall] the words of thy mouth [be like] a strong wind?Ver. 2. How long wilt thou speak these things?] Quousque effaberis ista. q.d. Hast thou nothing better than this to utter? (Tremel.) Be silent for shame, or forbear at least to vent thy spleen against God, of whose proceedings with thee thou hast heavily complained; thy words have been stout against the Lord, and thou hast taken too much liberty of language in this tempest of talk. And how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?] Big and boisterous, rude and robustuous, as if thou wouldst Dominum impetere, evertere, et deiecere, blow down God and his…

Read John Trapp on Job 8 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 2. How long wilt thou speak these things?] Wilt thou still go on to charge God foolishly? Thy heavy affliction proves that thou art under his wrath; and his wrath, thus manifested, proves that it is for thy sins that he punisheth thee. Be like a strong wind?] The Arabic, with which the Syriac agrees, is [Syriac] rucholazomati, the spirit of pride. Wilt thou continue to breathe forth a tempest of words? This is more literal.

Read AdamClarke on Job 8 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

1–7. The discriminating rectitude of God 2. Before coming to his principle and by way of introducing it Bildad expresses his wonder that Job should allow himself to speak such things as his discourse contained. These things are such things as ch. Job 6:29, Job 7:1-2; Job 7:12-21, and perhaps even ch. Job 6:10. He refers to the general drift of Job’s speech, which appears to him to be an assertion that God was unjust (Job 8:3). a strong wind] Violent, and empty, cf. ch. Job 15:2, Job 16:3.

Read Cambridge on Job 8 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

How long wilt thou speak these things? - The flyings of murmuring and complaint, such as he had uttered in the previous chapters. The words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?

Read Albert Barnes on Job 8 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

The first strophe — THE COURSE OF DIVINE THE JUSTICE OF GOD, Job 8:2-7.a. Since God cannot pervert the right, the death of Job’s children shows that they must have sinned, Job 8:2-4.2. A strong wind — Omit like.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Job 8 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

“How long will you go on saying such things? The words of your mouth are a blustering wind.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“How long will you speak these things? Shall the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

“How long will you go on saying such things? The words of your mouth are a blustering wind.

NETBNew English Translation2006

“How long will you speak these things, seeing that the words of your mouth are like a great wind?

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

How long wilt thou speak these things? And how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a mighty wind?

RVARevised Version, American1894

How long wilt thou speak these things? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a mighty wind?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

How long wilt thou speak these things ? and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Howe long wilt thou talke of these things? and howe long shall the wordes of thy mouth be as a mightie winde?

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

How long wilt thou speak these things? and the words of thy mouth be a strong wind?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Till when dost thou speak these things? And a strong wind — sayings of thy mouth?

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

“Until when do you speak these things? And a strong wind—sayings of your mouth?

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

How long wilt thou speak these things? and [let] like a mighty wind be the words of thy mouth?

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

“How long will you say these things? How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

How long wilt thou speak these things, and how long shall the words of thy mouth be like a strong wind?

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

“How much longer will you go on talking like this? The words coming out of your mouth are a lot of hot air!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

How long will you say these things, and how long will the words of your mouth be like a strong wind?

Word by word, the decisions they made

כַּ֝בִּירKa.bir mighty H3524 2 different renderings
strongBBE DBY DRA KJV LSV NWB YLT
mightyASV ILT RVA ULB WEB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַדuntilאָ֥ןwhen?verbתְּמַלֶּלwill.you.sayobjectאֵ֑לֶּהthese.[things]וְand.[be]clausenoun phrase · predicateר֥וּחַa.windכַּ֝בִּירmighty?noun phrase · subjectאִמְרֵי[will].the.wordsnoun phraseפִֽיyour.mouthךָyour

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: עַד־ אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה וְר֥וּחַ כַּ֝בִּיר אִמְרֵי־ פִֽיךָ׃. The Septuagint matches 7 of the 8 words, indicating a strong correspondence between the two texts, although the word order differs.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עַד־ אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־ אֵ֑לֶּה וְר֥וּחַ כַּ֝בִּיר אִמְרֵי־ פִֽיךָ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עַד־μέξριאָ֥ןτίνοςתְּמַלֶּל־λαλήσειςאֵ֑לֶּהταῦταוְר֥וּחַπνεῦμαאִמְרֵי־πολυρῆμονפִֽיךָ׃σου

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 8:2עַדuntiluntilעַדאָןwhen?when?אָןמָלַלwill you sawill you sayמָלַלאֵ֫לֶּהthese [thinthese [things]אֵ֫לֶּהרוּחַand [will band [will be] aרוּחַכַּבִּירmightymightyכַּבִּיראֹמֶר[the] words[the] words ofאֹמֶרפֶּהmouth yourmouth yourפֶּהאַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןאֵלthesetheseאֵלרִיחַto smellto smellרִיחַכָּבַרto multiplto multiplyכָּבַראָמַרto sayto sayאָמַרפָּאָהto cleaveto cleaveפָּאָהעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדמָתַיhowhowמָתַיעֶ֫רֶבeveningeveningעֶ֫רֶבדּוֹדbelovedbelovedדּוֹדמִיwho?who?מִיתּוֹלֵדוֹתgenerationgenerationתּוֹלֵדוֹתאַלּוּףtametameאַלּוּףנְשָׁמָהbreathbreathנְשָׁמָהקָדִיםeasteastקָדִיםמָאַסto rejectto rejectמָאַסצָפַןto treasurto treasureצָפַןאֹמֶרwordwordאֹמֶר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 8:2

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
עַד־'ad- until H5704 Preposition
1,261× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means until or as far as, describing a point in time or space. It's used in the Bible to set boundaries or limits, like in Exodus when describing the Israelites' journey.
Tyndale gloss
till
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while

prep.

of space

Of time

Of degree

conj.

until

While

Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus

of space

Of time

Of degree

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

. conj. . until

. While

. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)

. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space

. Of time

. Of degree

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5704 `ad ad

properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or

conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,

or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,

while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,

at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),

(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,

till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — till.

prep

1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as

1a) of space

1a1) as far as, up to, even to

1b) in combination

1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)

1c) of time

1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end

1d) of degree

1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like

conj

2) until, while, to the point that, so that even

Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
אָ֥ן'an when? H575 Particle
41× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'where' is used to ask about location or direction, like in Genesis 3:9 and Exodus 2:13. It can also mean 'when' or 'how long'.
Tyndale gloss
where?
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָן (an) is an adverb meaning 'where?' or 'whither?'. It can also refer to time, asking 'when?' or 'how long?'. The word is derived from a root meaning to indicate place or time, and it is used in contexts that inquire about location or duration.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָן adv. where? or whither?

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H575 אָן where? or whither?

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

575 'an awn

or manah {aw-naw'}; contracted from 370; where?; hence,

whither?, when?; also hither and thither:--+ any (no)

whither, now, where, whither(-soever).

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָן (an) — where?.

1) where?, whither? (of place)

2) when?, until when?, how long? (of time)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTi — Particle
HTi
until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
תְּמַלֶּל־te.ma.lel- will you say H4448 Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine singular
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to speak or say, often used in poetic language, and is found in various KJV translations as say, speak, or utter. It is related to the idea of rubbing or scraping. In the Bible, it appears in books like Psalms and Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
speaking, talking
Tyndale gloss
to speak
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָלַל (malal) is a Hebrew verb with two primary meanings: to speak or say, and to rub or scrape. The speaking aspect is often poetic, while the rubbing meaning appears only in the Qal participle form. Notably, it is referenced in Proverbs 6:13. The lexicons agree on these meanings without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָלַל] vb. Pi. speak, utter, say

base

[מָלַל] vb. rub, scrape;—only Qal Pt. in Pr 6:13

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4448a מָלַל Pi. speak, utter, say H4448b מָלַל rub, scrape—onlyQal Pt.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4448 malal maw-lal'

a primitive root; to speak (mostly poetical) or say:--say,

speak, utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָלַל (ma.lal) — to speak.

1) to speak, utter, say

1a) (Qal) to speak

1b) (Piel) to say, utter

Aramaic equivalent: me.lal (מְלַל "to speak" H4449)

מָלַל (ma.lal) — to rub.

rub, scrape

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine singular
HVpi2ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
אֵ֑לֶּה'E.leh these [things] H428 Particle
746× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to point out specific people or things, like saying 'these' or 'those'. It appears in the book of Genesis, where God says 'let there be light' and separates the light from the darkness.
Amplified meaning
these words, these matters
Tyndale gloss
these
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these

in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)

. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those

. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

428 'el-leh ale'-leh

prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one

sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,

thus, which, who(-m).

see HEBREW for 0411

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.

1) these

1a) used before antecedent

1b) used following antecedent

Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Particle
HTm
until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
וְר֥וּחַve.Ru.ach and [will be] a wind H7307 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
378× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word for spirit refers to the breath of life, the wind, or a person's mind and emotions, as seen in the book of Ezekiel.
Amplified meaning
a blast of air
Tyndale gloss
spirit
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רוּחַ (ruach) means breath, wind, or spirit. It encompasses various meanings, including the breath of life, emotional disposition, and the spirit of God. The term can refer to both physical phenomena, like wind, and abstract concepts, such as moral character or mental acts. Notably, it is used frequently in the context of divine inspiration and the Holy Spirit.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רוּחַ 378 n.f. (less oft. m.) breath, wind, spirit

breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

wind (117 t.)

spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

spirit of the living, breathing being

spirit as seat of emotion

occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

rarely of the will

רוּחַ esp. of moral character

spirit of God (94 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7307 רוּחַ breath, wind, spirit . breath of mouth or nostrils (33 t.)

. wind (117 t.)

. spirit, as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (76 t.)

. spirit of the living, breathing being

. spirit as seat of emotion

. occasionally (and late) = seat or organ of mental acts

. rarely of the will

. רוּחַ esp. of moral character

. spirit of God (94 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7307 ruwach roo'-akh

from 7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. a sensible (or

even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger,

unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by

resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including

its expression and functions):--air, anger, blast, breath, X

cool, courage, mind, X quarter, X side, spirit((-ual)),

tempest, X vain, ((whirl-))wind(-y).

see HEBREW for 07306

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רוּחַ (ru.ach) — spirit.

: spirit

1) wind, breath, mind, spirit

1a) breath

1b) wind

1b1) of heaven

1b2) quarter (of wind), side

1b3) breath of air

1b4) air, gas

1b5) vain, empty thing

1c) spirit (as that which breathes quickly in animation or agitation)

1c1) spirit, animation, vivacity, vigour

1c2) courage

1c3) temper, anger

1c4) impatience, patience

1c5) spirit, disposition (as troubled, bitter, discontented)

1c6) disposition (of various kinds), unaccountable or uncontrollable impulse

1c7) prophetic spirit

1d) spirit (of the living, breathing being in man and animals)

1d1) as gift, preserved by God, God's spirit, departing at death, disembodied being

1e) spirit (as seat of emotion)

1e1) desire

1e2) sorrow, trouble

1f) spirit

1f1) as seat or organ of mental acts

1f2) rarely of the will

1f3) as seat especially of moral character

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-cs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wind (anemos:

1. Causes:

Unequal distribution of heat in the atmosphere causes currents of air or wind. The heated air rises and the air from around rushes in. The direction from which a current comes determines its name, as west wind coming from the West but blowing toward the East. When two currents of air of different directions meet, a spiral motion sometimes results.

See WHIRLWIND.

2. West Wind:

In Palestine the west wind is the most common. It comes from the sea and carries the moisture which condenses to form clouds, as it is turned upward by the mountains, to the cooler layers of the atmosphere. If the temperature reached is cool enough the cloud condenses and rain falls. Elijah looked toward the West for the "small cloud," and soon "the heavens grew black with clouds and wind" (1Ki 18:44 f). "When ye see a cloud rising in the…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Blasting 2Ki 19:7,35

→ East

Hot and blasting in Egypt Ge 41:6

In the valley of the Euphrates River Eze 19:12

In Canaan Ho 13:15; Lu 12:55

At the city of Nineveh Jon 4:8

Tempestuous in the land of Uz Job 27:21

→ West

Took away the plague of locusts from the land of Egypt Ex 10:19

→ North

Free from humidity in Canaan Pr 25:23

→ South

Soothing Job 37:17

until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
כַּ֝בִּירKa.bir mighty H3524 Adj
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means mighty or powerful, describing something as vast or great in extent, power, or number. It is used in the Bible to describe God's power or the strength of a large group. It conveys a sense of grandeur or importance.
Amplified meaning
strong, mighty
Tyndale gloss
mighty
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כַּבִּיר (kabbiyr) means great, mighty, or powerful, and can also refer to something vast in extent or number. It is derived from a root that conveys strength and age. The term appears in poetic contexts, emphasizing its significance in describing might or abundance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כַּבִּיר adj. great, mighty, much, only poet.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3524 כַּבִּיר great, mighty, much, only poet.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3524 kabbiyr kab-beer'

from 3527; vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power,

mighty; of time, aged), or in number, many:--+ feeble, mighty,

most, much, strong, valiant.

see HEBREW for 03527

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כַּבִּיר (kab.bir) — mighty.

mighty, great, powerful, many, much

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAamsa
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
אִמְרֵי־'im.rei- [the] words of H561 Noun common · masculine plural construct
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a word or speech, like a promise or command from God. It is used in books like Genesis and Exodus to describe God's conversations with people.
Amplified meaning
utterances, sayings
Tyndale gloss
word
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֹמֶר (*'omer*) refers to an utterance, speech, or word, often used in a poetic or exalted context. It is derived from the root meaning 'to say' and encompasses meanings like saying, promise, and command. The entries collectively emphasize its use in elevated language.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֹמֶר n.m. utterance, speech, word, only poet., & exalted style

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H561 אֹמֶר utterance, speech, word, only poet., & exalted style

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

561 'emer ay'-mer

from 559; something said:--answer, X appointed unto him,

saying, speech, word.

see HEBREW for 0559

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֵמֶר (e.mer) — word.

utterance, speech, word, saying, promise, command

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural construct
HNcmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

until when? will you say these [things] and [will be] a wind mighty [the] words of mouth your
פִֽיךָ׃Fi.kha mouth your H6310 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
498× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word refers to the mouth, lips, or edge of something, and can also mean a portion or side of something. It is often used to describe speech or the act of speaking. This word appears in various forms, such as mouth, lip, or edge.
Amplified meaning
lips, speech
Tyndale gloss
lip
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פֶּה (*peh*) means 'mouth' and encompasses various meanings, including the mouth of a person or animal, as well as openings or orifices. It can also refer to speech, edges, and portions. Additionally, it denotes a weight equal to one third of a shekel, found in 1 Samuel 13:21.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּה 485 n.m. mouth

mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

external organ

much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

as laughing; panting

of God

of idols

of musical instr. = sound

of animals; hence of edge of sword

mouth = opening, orifice

extremity, end

= portion

with preps.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6310 פֶּה mouth . . mouth, of man, organ of eating and drinking

. external organ

. . much oftener, as organ of speech, of man

. as laughing; panting

. of God

. of idols

. of musical instr. = sound

. of animals

. mouth = opening, orifice

. . extremity, end

. = portion

. with preps.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6310 peh peh

from 6284; the mouth (as the means of blowing), whether

literal or figurative (particularly speech); specifically

edge, portion or side; adverbially (with preposition)

according to:--accord(-ing as, -ing to), after, appointment,

assent, collar, command(-ment), X eat, edge, end, entry, +

file, hole, X in, mind, mouth, part, portion, X (should)

say(-ing), sentence, skirt, sound, speech, X spoken, talk,

tenor, X to, + two-edged, wish, word.

see HEBREW for 06284

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּה (peh) — lip.

: lip/mouth

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: edge.

: edge

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

2) a weight equal to one third of a shekel, occurs only in 1Sa 13:21

פֶּה (peh) — lip: word.

: word/command

peh

1) mouth

1a) mouth (of man)

1b) mouth (as organ of speech)

1c) mouth (of animals)

1d) mouth, opening, orifice (of a well, river, etc)

1e) extremity, end pim

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate