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Job 19:20 — Word Study

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WLCבְּעוֹרִ֣י וּ֭בִבְשָׂרִי דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑י וָ֝אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗ה בְּע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי׃

BSAMy skinʻôwr [clinging to my body] and fleshbâsâr [the body or a person] clingdâbaq [cleave, stick closely] to my bonesʻetsem [the substance or essence of something] I have escapedmâlaṭ [been delivered, slipped away to safety] by the skinʻôwr [barely, with nothing to spare] of my teethshên [the slightest margin]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 19
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 20 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (shi.Nai) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 19:20quick helps
In a sentenceJob expresses his deep physical suffering and the narrow escape from death.
Who is speakingJob, lamenting his condition and the loss of support from friends.
Where we areIn a moment of despair, Job reflects on his suffering and survival.
The hard wordדָּבְקָ֣ה
Take awayJob's survival is precarious, hanging by a thread.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbדָּבַק The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 19:20

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Lamentgenerated

19All my best friends despise me, and those I love have turned against me.
20My skin and flesh cling to my bones; I have escaped by the skin of my teeth.
21Have pity on me, my friends, have pity, for the hand of God has struck me.
22Why do you persecute me as God does? Will you never get enough of my flesh?

Job 19:20 finds Job in a state of despair, lamenting the loss of his friends and the physical agony he endures. He describes his skin and flesh clinging to his bones, indicating his frail condition, and emphasizes his narrow escape from death by the skin of his teeth. This moment encapsulates Job's struggle and the intense suffering he faces, as he seeks compassion from those around him, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 30:30My skin grows black and peels, and my bones burn with fever.
2Job 33:19–22A man is also chastened on his bed with pain and constant distress in his bones,
3Psalm 22:14–17I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.
4Psalm 32:3–4When I kept silent, my bones became brittle from my groaning all day long.
5Psalm 38:3There is no soundness in my body because of Your anger; there is no rest in my bones because of my sin.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word דָּבְקָ֣ה, da.ve.Kahgenerated

The verb דָּבַק (dabaq) means to cling or stick closely. It conveys a sense of attachment or adherence, whether physical or metaphorical. In this verse, it describes how Job's skin and flesh are tightly bound to his bones, illustrating his frail state.

This verb appears in various forms in the Hebrew Bible, often indicating a close pursuit or connection. Here, it emphasizes Job's desperate condition, as he feels his very essence is clinging to life.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb דָּבְקָ֣ה (it clings) is central to the verse, governing the description of Job's physical state. The structure emphasizes the close relationship between Job's skin, flesh, and bones, illustrating his suffering.

The sentence flows from the physical description of Job's condition to his precarious escape, with the verb anchoring the imagery of his clinging flesh.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the verb דָּבְקָ֣ה is rendered with the Greek word κολλάω, which also means to cling or adhere. This choice reflects a similar emphasis on attachment, though it may carry a slightly different nuance in Greek literature.

The translation choice indicates a focus on the physical closeness of Job's skin and flesh, aligning with the original Hebrew intent.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 19:20 shows Job expressing his deep suffering, stating that his skin and flesh cling to his bones, highlighting his frail condition. He feels he has narrowly escaped death, emphasizing the precariousness of his situation.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by 'the skin of my teeth'?

Job uses this phrase to indicate a very narrow escape from death, suggesting he has survived by the slightest margin.

Why does Job describe his skin and flesh clinging to his bones?

This imagery illustrates Job's physical suffering and the extent of his affliction, emphasizing his frail state.

What is the significance of Job's lament in this verse?

Job's lament reflects his feelings of abandonment and despair, as he seeks compassion from friends who have turned against him.

How does this verse connect to Job's overall story?

This verse encapsulates Job's suffering and his struggle to maintain hope amidst profound loss and pain.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced feeling alone in my suffering, similar to Job?
  2. How can I find hope in my own struggles, even when it seems I am at the end of my rope?
  3. What does this verse teach me about the nature of suffering and survival?
  4. How can I support others who are going through difficult times, as Job sought compassion from his friends?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers commented on Job's lament, drawing insights from this verse to discuss the nature of suffering and human frailty.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XIV c. 540–604
My bone cleaveth to my skin, through my flesh being wasted. By 'bone' we have strength, and by flesh weakness of the body denoted;
Early Church Fathers on Job 19 →
Olympiodorus of AlexandriaCOMMENTARY ON Job 19:20-22 6th c.
“My flesh is corrupt under my skin, and my teeth grip my bones.” “While I am alive,” Job says, “my flesh putrefies, and my bones are chewed by the teeth of some wild animal.” “Pity me, pity me, O friends,
Early Church Fathers on Job 19 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 19:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh,.... Or, "as to my flesh" (o), as Mr.

Read John Gill on Job 19 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth. No JFB commentary on this verse.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 19 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

My bone, i.e. my bones; the singular collectively put for the plural, as . Cleaveth to my skin, to wit, immediately, the fat and flesh next to the skin being consumed. The sense is, I am worn to skin and bone: see the same phrase . And to my flesh; or, as (the particle and being often so used, as hath been observed before) to my flesh, i.e. either as formerly it clave to my flesh, or as near and as closely as it doth to these remainders of flesh which are left in my inward parts. I am escaped with the skin of my teeth; I am scarce sound and whole and free from sores in any part of my skin, except that of my jaws, which holdeth and covereth the roots of my teeth. This being, as divers…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 19 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 19:20 My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.Ver. 20. My bone cleaveth to my skin] My skin is a bag of bones. I am become a mere skeleton, and may well cry out, O my leanness, my leanness! So bare I am grown, that little appeareth in me but skin and bones, Isaiah 24:16. My bone cleaveth to my skin as to my flesh (so it may be read), that is, as once it did in my flesh, when I was well lined within. Now, alas! I lie under a miserable marasmus; and should therefore be pitied, as being a just object of your commiseration, Ossa sub incurvis apparent arida lumbis. And I am escaped with the skin of my teeth] Escaped I am, and come off (as out…

Read John Trapp on Job 19 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(20) My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh in one indistinguishable mass, and I have escaped with the skin of my teeth, because the teeth have no skin, or, as others explain, because the teeth have fallen out. This expression, which is by no means clear in the context, has passed into a proverb expressive of a very narrow escape—a meaning which can only by inference be obtained from this place in Job.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 19 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 20. My bone cleaveth to my skin.] My flesh is entirely wasted away, and nothing but skin and bone left. I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.] I have had the most narrow escape. If I still live, it is a thing to be wondered at, my sufferings and privations have been so great. To escape with the skin of the teeth seems to have been a proverbial expression, signifying great difficulty. I had as narrow an escape from death, as the thickness of the enamel on the teeth. I was within a hair's breadth of destruction; see on Job 19:11.

Read AdamClarke on Job 19 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

20. The desertion and loathing of mankind is universal, and to this is added his exhausted state from disease. My bone cleaveth to my skin] The words describe his emaciated condition, cf. Lamentations 4:8; Psalms 102:5, My bones cleave to my skin (marg. flesh); Psalms 22:17, I may tell (count) all my bones. escaped with the skin of my teeth] i. e. with nothing else. The “skin of my teeth” is usually held to mean the gums, which Job represents as still sound, otherwise he would be unable to speak; the last stage of his disease has not yet been reached. In Job 19:17 however he referred to his fetid breath, and in such distempers the mouth and throat are usually rapidly affected. Besides, such…

Read Cambridge on Job 19 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh - The meaning of this probably is, “my skin and flesh are dried up so that the bone seems adhere to the skin, and so tht the form of the bone becomes

Read Albert Barnes on Job 19 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

My skin and flesh cling to my bones; I have escaped by the skin of my teeth.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

My bones stick to my skin and to my flesh. I have escaped by the skin of my teeth.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

My skin and flesh cling to my bones; I have escaped by the skin of my teeth.

NETBNew English Translation2006

My bones stick to my skin and my flesh; I have escaped alive with only the skin of my teeth.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, And I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.

RVARevised Version, American1894

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

My bone cleaveth to my skin and to my flesh, and I have escaped with the skin of my teeth.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

My bone cleaueth to my skinne and to my flesh, and I haue escaped with the skinne of my teeth.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

My bones cleave to my skin and to my flesh, and I am escaped with the skin of my teeth.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

To my skin and to my flesh Cleaved hath my bone, And I deliver myself with the skin of my teeth.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

To my skin and to my flesh || My bone has cleaved, || And I deliver myself with the skin of my teeth.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

To my skin and to my flesh my bones do cleave, and I must sustain myself with the gums of my teeth.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh; I survive only by the skin of my teeth.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The flesh being consumed. My bone hath cleaved to my skin, and nothing but lips are left about my teeth.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I've been reduced to skin and bones and I survive by the skin of my teeth.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

My bones are joined to my skin, and I have got away with my flesh in my teeth.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseבְּonnoun phraseעוֹרִ֣skinיmyוּ֭andprepositional phraseבִonnoun phraseבְשָׂרִfleshיmyverbדָּבְקָ֣הit.clingsnoun phrase · subjectעַצְמִ֑boneיmyוָ֝andclauseverb phrase · verbאֶתְמַלְּטָ֗Iהhave.escapedprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּwithnoun phraseע֣וֹרthe.skinnoun phraseשִׁנָּֽmy.teethיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: בְּעוֹרִ֣י וּ֭בִבְשָׂרִי דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑י וָ֝אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗ה בְּע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי׃. The Septuagint matches 4 of the 7 words, indicating a close alignment in the core message, though the word order and articles differ.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

בְּעוֹרִ֣י וּ֭בִבְשָׂרִי דָּבְקָ֣ה עַצְמִ֑י וָ֝אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗ה בְּע֣וֹר שִׁנָּֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
בְּעוֹרִ֣יμουוּ֭בִבְשָׂרִיμουעַצְמִ֑יμουשִׁנָּֽי׃ὀδοῦσιν

4 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 19:20עוֹרon skin myon skin myעוֹרבָּשָׂרand on flesand on flesh myבָּשָׂרדָּבַקit clingsit clingsדָּבַקעֶ֫צֶםbone mybone myעֶ֫צֶםמָלַטand I have and I have escaמָלַטעוֹרwith [the] with [the] skinעוֹרשֵׁןteeth myteeth myשֵׁןעוּרעוּרבָּשַׂרto bear tito bear tidingsבָּשַׂרעָצֹםbe vastbe vastעָצֹםשָׁנַןto sharpento sharpenשָׁנַןאָדֹםto reddento reddenאָדֹםתַּ֫חַשׁleatherleatherתַּ֫חַשׁעוֹרskinskinעוֹרעֶ֫צֶםboneboneעֶ֫צֶםחֵךְpalatepalateחֵךְלָשׁוֹןtonguetongueלָשׁוֹןבָּשָׂרfleshfleshבָּשָׂרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסמְתַלְּעוֹתjawjawמְתַלְּעוֹתחָרַקto grindto grindחָרַק
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 19:20

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
בְּעוֹרִ֣יbe.'o.Ri on skin my H5785 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
99× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means skin, like human skin or animal hide, and is used in the Bible to describe leather. It appears in Exodus 25:5 to describe the materials used to build the tabernacle. The word is also used in Genesis 3:21 to describe the clothing God made for Adam and Eve.
Amplified meaning
clinging to my body
Tyndale gloss
skin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוֹר (owr) means skin or hide, specifically referring to the skin of humans and the hides of animals. It is derived from a root that implies nakedness. The term appears frequently in the Old Testament, with 55 occurrences related to human skin and 44 to animal hides.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עוֹר 99 n.m. skin

of men (55 t.)

hide of animals (44 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5785 עוֹר skin . of men (55 t.)

. hide of men (44 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5785 `owr ore

from 5783; skin (as naked); by implication, hide,

leather:--hide, leather, skin.

see HEBREW for 05783

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוֹר (or) — skin.

1) skin, hide

1a) skin (of men)

1b) hide (of animals)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
וּ֭בִבְשָׂרִיU.viv.sa.ri and on flesh my H1320 Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
270× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for flesh refers to the body or a person, and can also describe living things or animals. In the Bible, it is used to describe humans and animals, as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
the body or a person
Tyndale gloss
flesh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּשָׂר (basar) means 'flesh' and encompasses various meanings, including the physical body, kinship, and a euphemism for male genitalia. It can refer to humans, animals, and all living things, highlighting the frailty of man in relation to God. The entries consistently emphasize its bodily and relational aspects.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בָּשָׂר 266 n.m. flesh

of the body

flesh for the body itself

male organ of generation (euphemism)

flesh for kindred, blood-relations

man over against God as frail or erring

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1320 בָּשָׂר flesh . of the body

. flesh for the body itself

. male organ of generation (euphemism)

. flesh for kindred, blood-relations

. man over against God as frail or erring

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1320 basar baw-sawr'

from 1319; flesh (from its freshness); by extension, body,

person; also (by euphem.) the pudenda of a man:--body, (fat,

lean) flesh(-ed), kin, (man-)kind, + nakedness, self, skin.

see HEBREW for 01319

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּשָׂר (ba.sar) — flesh.

1) flesh

1a) of the body

1a1) of humans

1a2) of animals

1b) the body itself

1c) male organ of generation (euphemism)

1d) kindred, blood-relations

1e) flesh as frail or erring (man against God)

1f) all living things

1g) animals

1h) mankind

Aramaic equivalent: be.shar (בְּשַׁר "flesh" H1321)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HC/R/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
דָּבְקָ֣הda.ve.Kah it clings H1692 Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
54× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To cleave means to cling or stick to something, like pursuing something closely. It's used in the Bible to describe following God or others.
Amplified meaning
cleave, stick closely
Tyndale gloss
to cleave
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּבַק, transliterated as dabaq, is a Hebrew verb meaning to cling or cleave. It encompasses a range of actions such as adhering closely, pursuing, and being joined together. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Pual, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating different nuances of the action. Notably, it can describe both physical and metaphorical closeness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּבַק, דָּבֵק vb. cling, cleave, keep close

Qal

cling, cleave to

cling, cleave to

Pu. of crocodile’s scales, they are joined together

Hiph.

cause to cling or cleave to

pursue closely

overtake

Hoph. and my tongue is made to cleave (to) my gums

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1692 דָּבַק, דָּבֵק cling, cleave, keep close

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1692 dabaq daw-bak'

a primitive root; properly, to impinge, i.e. cling or adhere;

figuratively, to catch by pursuit:--abide fast, cleave (fast

together), follow close (hard after), be joined (together),

keep (fast), overtake, pursue hard, stick, take.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּבַק (da.vaq) — to cleave.

1) to cling, stick, stay close, cleave, keep close, stick to, stick with, follow closely, join to, overtake, catch

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to cling, cleave to

1a2) to stay with

1b) (Pual) to be joined together

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to cause to cleave to

1c2) to pursue closely

1c3) to overtake

1d) (Hophal) to be made to cleave

Aramaic equivalent: de.vaq (דְּבֵק "to cleave" H1693)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singular
HVqp3fs
on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
עַצְמִ֑י'atz.Mi bone my H6106 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
126× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the original Hebrew, this word refers to a bone or the body, and can also mean the substance or essence of something. It is used in many parts of the Bible, including in the book of Genesis and Psalms, to describe the physical body.
Amplified meaning
the substance or essence of something
Tyndale gloss
bone
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֶ֫צֶם (etsem) primarily means 'bone' but extends to concepts of substance and self. It can refer to the physical body, limbs, or essence. The word is derived from a root related to strength, indicating a connection between physicality and identity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֶ֫צֶם 125 n.f. bone, substance, self

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6106 עֶ֫צֶם bone, substance, self

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6106 `etsem eh'tsem

from 6105; a bone (as strong); by extension, the body;

figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame:--body,

bone, X life, (self-)same, strength, X very.

see HEBREW for 06105

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone.

: bone/limb

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: same.

: same/very

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: body.

: body

1) bone, essence, substance

1a) bone

1a1) body, limbs, members, external body

1b) bone (of animal)

1c) substance, self

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp1bs
on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
וָ֝אֶתְמַלְּטָ֗הva.'et.ma.le.Tah and I have escaped ! H4422 Verb hithpael sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
95× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to escape or be delivered, like slipping away to safety. It is used in the Bible to describe people being saved from danger, like in the book of Psalms. The KJV translates it as deliver or escape.
Amplified meaning
been delivered, slipped away to safety
Tyndale gloss
to escape
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָלַט (malat) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to escape or slip away. It encompasses various nuances such as delivering, saving, and even giving birth in specific contexts. The entries indicate that it can refer to both physical escape and the act of laying eggs. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָלַט] vb. slip away (not in Qal)

Niph.

slip away

escape

pass. be delivered

Pi.

lay (eggs)

let escape

deliver

Hiph.

give birth to a male child

deliver

Hithp.

slip forth, escape (sparks of fire from jaws of crocodile)

escape

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4422 מָלַט slip away . . slip away

. escape

. pass. be delivered

. . lay (eggs)

. let escape

. deliver

. . give birth to a male child

. deliver

. . slip forth, escape (sparks of fire from jaws of crocodile)

. escape

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4422 malat maw-lat'

a primitive root; properly, to be smooth, i.e. (by

implication) to escape (as if by slipperiness); causatively,

to release or rescue; specifically, to bring forth young, emit

sparks:--deliver (self), escape, lay, leap out, let alone,

let go, preserve, save, X speedily, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָלַט (ma.lat) — to escape.

1) to slip away, escape, deliver, save, be delivered

1a)(Niphal)

1a1) to slip away

1a2) to escape

1a3) to be delivered

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to lay, let slip out (of eggs)

1b2) to let escape

1b3) to deliver, save (life)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to give birth to

1c2) to deliver

1d) (Hithpael)

1d1) to slip forth, slip out, escape

1d2) to escape

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hithpael-ConsecImperf-1cs | Suff — Verb hithpael sequential imperfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vtw1cs/Sh
on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
בְּע֣וֹרbe.'or with [the] skin of H5785 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
99× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means skin, like human skin or animal hide, and is used in the Bible to describe leather. It appears in Exodus 25:5 to describe the materials used to build the tabernacle. The word is also used in Genesis 3:21 to describe the clothing God made for Adam and Eve.
Amplified meaning
barely, with nothing to spare
Tyndale gloss
skin
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוֹר (owr) means skin or hide, specifically referring to the skin of humans and the hides of animals. It is derived from a root that implies nakedness. The term appears frequently in the Old Testament, with 55 occurrences related to human skin and 44 to animal hides.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עוֹר 99 n.m. skin

of men (55 t.)

hide of animals (44 t.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5785 עוֹר skin . of men (55 t.)

. hide of men (44 t.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5785 `owr ore

from 5783; skin (as naked); by implication, hide,

leather:--hide, leather, skin.

see HEBREW for 05783

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוֹר (or) — skin.

1) skin, hide

1a) skin (of men)

1b) hide (of animals)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

on skin my and on flesh my it clings bone my and I have escaped ! with [the] skin of teeth my
שִׁנָּֽי׃shi.Nai teeth my H8127 Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
55× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for tooth can also mean ivory or a sharp cliff. It is used in the Bible to describe the teeth of humans and animals, as well as sharp rocks, and is often translated as tooth or ivory.
Amplified meaning
the slightest margin
Tyndale gloss
tooth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שֵׁן (shen) primarily means 'tooth' and can also refer to 'ivory.' It is derived from the root associated with sharpness, and it can figuratively denote a cliff or crag. The entries highlight various contexts, including its use in legal terms (lex talionis) and as a material in commerce.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁן n.f. tooth, ivory

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8127 שֵׁן tooth, ivory

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8127 shen shane

from 8150; a tooth (as sharp); specifically (for 8143) ivory;

figuratively, a cliff:--crag, X forefront, ivory, X sharp,

tooth.

see HEBREW for 08150

see HEBREW for 08143

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth.

: tooth

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: ivory.

: ivory

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: crag.

: crag

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

שֵׁן (shen) — tooth: prong.

: prong

1) tooth, ivory

1a) tooth

1a1) of man, lex talionis, beast

1b) tooth, tine (of fork)

1c) ivory

1c1) as material

1c2) of commerce

1d) sharp pointed rock

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffix
HNcfdc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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