Jeremiah 12:10 — Word Study
WLCרֹעִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ כַרְמִ֔י בֹּסְס֖וּ אֶת־ חֶלְקָתִ֑י נָֽתְנ֛וּ אֶת־ חֶלְקַ֥ת חֶמְדָּתִ֖י לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָֽה׃
BSAManyrab [numerous, a large number of] shepherdsrâʻâh [rulers, leaders, or pastors] have destroyedshâchath■ [ruined, corrupted] My vineyardkerem [garden, plot of land] they have trampledbûwç■ [trod down, oppressed] My plot of groundchelqâh [portion, heritage] They have turnednâthan■ [changed, transformed] My pleasantchemdâh [desirable, delightful] fieldchelqâh [land, inheritance] into a desolateshᵉmâmâh [barren, wasted] wastelandmidbâr [wilderness, empty land]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| רֹעִ֤ים | shepherds | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| רַבִּים֙ | many | Adj |
| שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ | they have ruined | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| כַרְמִ֔י | vineyard my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| בֹּסְס֖וּ | they have trodden down | Verb, Piel, perfect third person common plural |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| חֶלְקָתִ֑י | portion my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| נָֽתְנ֛וּ | they have made | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| אֶת־ | the object marker | Particle |
| חֶלְקַ֥ת | [the] portion of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| חֶמְדָּתִ֖י | desire my | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לְמִדְבַּ֥ר | into a wilderness of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שְׁמָמָֽה׃ | desolation | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard; they have trampled My plot of ground. They have turned My pleasant field into a desolate wasteland. |
| KJV | Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness. |
| ASV | Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness. |
| YLT | Many shepherds did destroy My vineyard, They have trodden down My portion, They have made My desirable portion Become a wilderness — a desolation. |
| WEB | Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard. They have trodden my portion under foot. They have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness. |
| BBE | The keepers of sheep have been the destruction of my vine-garden, crushing my heritage under their feet; they have made my fair heritage an unplanted waste; |
Where they part company is שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate phrases detailing the actions taken by the shepherds.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָעָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jeremiah 12:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Complaint Against His Shepherdsgenerated
Jeremiah 12:10 describes a dire situation where many shepherds, representing leaders, have caused destruction to God's vineyard, which symbolizes His people and land. This verse is part of a larger complaint from God about the failure of leadership, as seen in the surrounding verses. The leaders' actions have led to a transformation of a once fruitful land into a desolate wasteland, highlighting the consequences of neglect and corruption.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 6:3 | Shepherds and their flocks will come against her; they will pitch their tents all around her, each tending his own portion: |
| 2 | Jeremiah 25:9 | behold, I will summon all the families of the north, declares the LORD, and I will send for My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, whom I will bring against this land, against its residents, and against all the surrounding nations. So I will devote them to destruction and make them an object of horror and contempt, an everlasting desolation. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 39:3 | Then all the officials of the king of Babylon entered and sat in the Middle Gate: Nergal-sharezer of Samgar, Nebo-sarsekim the Rabsaris, Nergal-sharezer the Rabmag, and all the rest of the officials of the king of Babylon. |
| 4 | Psalm 80:8–16 | You uprooted a vine from Egypt; You drove out the nations and transplanted it. |
| 5 | Isaiah 5:1–7 | I will sing for my beloved a song of his vineyard: My beloved had a vineyard on a very fertile hill. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רֹעִ֤ים, ro.'Imgenerated
The word רֹעִים (ro'im) is a participle form of the verb רָעָה (*ra'ah*), meaning 'to shepherd' or 'to tend'. This term encompasses the roles of caring for, ruling over, and fostering relationships, akin to a shepherd with their flock. In this context, it refers to leaders who are supposed to protect and nurture God's people but have failed to do so.
This failure is significant, as the term implies a deep responsibility to care for and guide, which these shepherds have neglected. The usage of the plural form indicates a multitude of leaders, emphasizing the widespread nature of this failure.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the translation uses shepherds for רֹעִים, which aligns with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ (they have destroyed) governs the structure, with several phrases detailing the actions taken against God's vineyard. The sentence flows from the subject, רֹעִים (shepherds), to the actions they have performed, creating a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
The order emphasizes the destruction caused by the shepherds, leading to the desolation of the land, which is a critical point in understanding the consequences of their actions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רֹעִים as ποιμένες (poimenes), which also means 'shepherds' and maintains the original meaning of leaders or caretakers. This choice reinforces the notion of leadership responsibility.
For שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ, the translation διέφθειραν (diefthiran) suggests a strong emphasis on moral corruption, aligning with the idea of destruction but highlighting a deeper level of moral decay.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jeremiah 12:10 speaks of many shepherds who have harmed God's vineyard, which represents His people and land. They have trampled on His portion, turning a once pleasant field into a barren wasteland. This shows the consequences of poor leadership and neglect.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies the failure of leaders to protect and nurture God's people, leading to spiritual and physical devastation.
The vineyard often symbolizes God's people and His blessings, representing prosperity and abundance that can be lost through neglect or corruption.
The passage warns against the dangers of poor leadership and the importance of caring for those we are responsible for, whether in spiritual or secular contexts.
It illustrates God's displeasure with leaders who fail to fulfill their responsibilities, leading to consequences for the people they are meant to guide.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I ensure that I am a good leader in my community?
- How can I recognize the signs of neglect in my responsibilities?
- What steps can I take to care for those who are vulnerable or in need?
- How does understanding God's judgment on leaders influence my view of authority?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse from Jerome highlights the destructive actions of the shepherds and the resulting desolation of God's portion.
Many shepherds have destroyed (or disrupted) my vineyard, they have trampled (or polluted) my portion: they have given my desirable portion into a desert wasteland (or uninhabited).Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 12 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 12:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleMany pastors have destroyed my vineyard,.... This is a metaphor which is often used of the people of Israel and Judah; see Psalms 80:8, the pastors that destroyed them are not their own governors,
Read John Gill on Jeremiah 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMany pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my
Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBy pastors most here think civil persons, not ecclesiastical officers, are meant; but they are divided, some interpreting it of the rulers and princes of Nebuchadnezzar’ s army, who took Jerusalem, and destroyed Judah, called God’ s vineyard, ,2; others understanding it of the rulers of the Jews, who by their wicked government, and as wicked example, had ruined their country, and caused God to turn the country which he had chosen for his portion, and declared such a pleasure in, into a wilderness, and such a wilderness as was not. only thinly inhabited, but wholly desolate.
Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 12 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJeremiah 12:10 Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.Ver. 10. Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard.] Those who before were called beasts, are here called pastors - viz., Nebuchadnezzar’ s captains. See Jeremiah 6:3.
Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard.—The use of the word “pastors,” with all its modern spiritual associations, instead of “shepherds” (Jeremiah is the only book in the Old Testament, it may be noted, in which the word occurs), is peculiarly unhappy in this passage, where the “pastors” are reckless and destructive. Here the image (as in Jeremiah 6:3) is that of the shepherds of a wild, nomadic tribe (who represent the Chaldean and other invaders), breaking down the fence of the vineyard, and taking in their flocks to browse upon the tender shoots of the vine. The thought is the same as that of the “boar out of the wood” of Psalms 80:13, but the “shepherds” are introduced to bring…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Jeremiah 12 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard] My people have had many kinds of enemies which have fed upon their richest pastures; the Philistines, the Moabites, Ammonites, Assyrians, Egyptians. and now the Chaldeans.
Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. shepherds] See on Jeremiah 6:3. vineyard] For this figure cp. Isaiah 5:1 ff. have trodden my portion under foot] The figure is that of the destruction of vineyards by wandering hordes and their flocks.
Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 12 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleNebuchadnezzar and his confederate kings trampled Judah under foot, as heedless of the ruin they were inflicting as the shepherds would be who led their flocks to browse in spring upon the tender shoots of the vine.
Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard; they have trampled My plot of ground. They have turned My pleasant field into a desolate wasteland.
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard. They have trodden my portion under foot. They have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
Many shepherds have destroyed My vineyard; they have trampled My plot of ground. They have turned My pleasant field into a desolate wasteland.
Many foreign rulers will ruin the land where I planted my people. They will trample all over my chosen land. They will turn my beautiful land into a desolate wasteland.
Tyndale line
Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness.
Many pastors haue destroyed my vineyarde, and troden my portion vnder foote: of my pleasant portion they haue made a desolate wildernesse.
Strictly literal
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot, they have made my pleasant portion a desolate wilderness:
Many shepherds did destroy My vineyard, They have trodden down My portion, They have made My desirable portion Become a wilderness — a desolation.
Many shepherds destroyed My vineyard, || They have trodden down My portion, || They have made My desirable portion || Become a wilderness—a desolation.
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden under foot my field, they have rendered my pleasant field a desolate wilderness.
Many shepherds have destroyed my vineyard. They have stomped all over my portion of land; they turned my delightful portion into a wilderness, a desolation.
From the Latin
Many pastors have destroyed my vineyard, they have trodden my portion under foot: they have changed my delightful portion into a desolate wilderness.
Simplified
Many shepherds have come and destroyed my vineyard; they have trampled down the crops in my field. They have turned my pleasant land into an empty wasteland.
The keepers of sheep have been the destruction of my vine-garden, crushing my heritage under their feet; they have made my fair heritage an unplanted waste;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Jeremiah 12:10 states that many shepherds have destroyed God's vineyard and turned His pleasant field into a desolate wasteland. The Septuagint agrees with the overall sentiment of the verse, as 11 of the 13 words match in a word-by-word correspondence, although the specific wording and structure differ due to the nature of the translation. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional witnesses for this verse, so their agreement or disagreement with the Masoretic Text cannot be determined here.
רֹעִ֤ים רַבִּים֙ שִֽׁחֲת֣וּ כַרְמִ֔י בֹּסְס֖וּ אֶת־ חֶלְקָתִ֑י נָֽתְנ֛וּ אֶת־ חֶלְקַ֥ת חֶמְדָּתִ֖י לְמִדְבַּ֥ר שְׁמָמָֽה׃
11 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 12:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word רָעָה (*ra'ah*) is built from a primitive root meaning to tend or pasture a flock. It covers a range of meanings including to graze, rule, associate with, and befriend. The term appears in contexts related to shepherding and companionship, with a specific mention of the 'binding-house of shepherds' in 2 Kings 10:12.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים perh. n.pr.loc. (binding-house of the shepherds) 2 K 10:12
base
רָעָה 167 vb. pasture, tend, graze
Qal
trans.
intrans.
Niph. poss.
Hiph. v.
base
[רָעָה] vb. prob. associate with
Qal cherish faithfulness
Hithp. do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man
base
[רָעָה] vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend;—Ju 14:20
ref
H7462a בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים binding-house of shepherds H7462b רָעָה pasture, tend, graze H7462c רָעָה prob. associate with H7462d רָעָה vb. denom. Pi. be a special friend
7462 ra`ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it;
intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively);
generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a
friend):--X break, companion, keep company with, devour, eat
up, evil entreat, feed, use as a friend, make friendship with,
herdman, keep (sheep)(-er), pastor, + shearing house,
shepherd, wander, waste.
בֵּית־עֵ֫קֶד הָרֹעִים (bet-e.qed ha.ro.im) — House of Shepherds.
Ra'ah = "pasturing"
perh. "binding-house of the shepherds"
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to pasture.
1) to pasture, tend, graze, feed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tend, pasture
1a1a) to shepherd
1a1b) of ruler, teacher (fig)
1a1c) of people as flock (fig)
1a1d) shepherd, herdsman (subst)
1a2) to feed, graze
1a2a) of cows, sheep etc (literal)
1a2b) of idolater, Israel as flock (fig)
1b) (Hiphil) shepherd, shepherdess
Also means: ro.i (רֹעִי "to shepherd" H7473)
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to accompany.
1) to associate with, be a friend of (meaning probable)
1a) (Qal) to associate with
1b) (Hithpael) to be companions
רָעָה (ra.ah) — to befriend.
(Piel) to be a special friend
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
- Early mention of
- Usually carried a scrip or bag
- Carried a staff or rod
- Dwelt in tents while tending their flocks
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAampa
MANY, adjective men'ny.
1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.
Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17:4.
Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1:26.
MANY are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:12.
It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.
As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.
So many laws argue so many sins.
It is followed by as.
As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34:1.
It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene.
2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.
MANY, noun men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.
O thou fond many
The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.
שָׁחַת (shachath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ruin or corrupt. It encompasses a range of actions including decay, spoilage, and moral perversion, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances of destruction or corruption. The word appears in contexts that suggest both physical and moral degradation.
[שָׁחַת] 161 vb. go to ruin (?)
Niph. be marred, spoiled
Pi.
spoil, ruin
pervert, corrupt
Hiph.
spoil, ruin
pervert, corrupt
Hoph. spoiled, ruined
base
H7843 [שָׁחַת] go to ruin (?) . be marred, spoiled
. . spoil, ruin
. pervert, corrupt
. . spoil, ruin
. pervert, corrupt
. spoiled, ruined
7843 shachath shaw-khath'
a primitive root; to decay, i.e. (causatively) ruin
(literally or figuratively):--batter, cast off, corrupt(-er,
thing), destroy(-er, -uction), lose, mar, perish, spill,
spoiler, X utterly, waste(-r).
שָׁחַת (sha.chat) — to ruin.
1) to destroy, corrupt, go to ruin, decay
1a) (Niphal) to be marred, be spoiled, be corrupted, be corrupt, be injured, be ruined, be rotted
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to spoil, ruin
1b2) to pervert, corrupt, deal corruptly (morally)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to spoil, ruin, destroy
1c2) to pervert, corrupt (morally)
1c3) destroyer (participle)
1d) (Hophal) spoiled, ruined (participle)
Aramaic equivalent: she.chat (שְׁחַת "to corrupt" H7844)
V-Piel-Perf-3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
כֶּרֶם (kerem) means 'vineyard' and is derived from an unused root of uncertain meaning. It covers the concept of a garden or vineyard, including terms like 'vines' and 'vintage.' The word appears in contexts related to agriculture, specifically in the Old Testament.
כֶּרֶם 92 n.m. (f.) vineyard
base
H3754 כֶּרֶם vineyard
3754 kerem keh'-rem
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; a garden or
vineyard:--vines, (increase of the) vineyard(-s), vintage. See
also 1021.
see HEBREW for 01021
כֶּרֶם (ke.rem) — vineyard.
vineyard
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1ms
בּוּס (buwc) means to tread down or trample, with applications both literal and figurative. It includes various forms such as rejecting or desecrating, and it can describe actions of warriors or the movements of infants. The word covers a range of meanings related to being trampled or polluted.
[בּוּס] vb. tread down, trample
Qal tread down, trample (of warriors)
Pol. tread down, in bad sense
Hithpol. of the blind movements of infant’s limbs, kick out (this way and that), fig. of Jerusalem.
Hoph. pass. trodden down
base
H947 בּוּס tread down, trample
947 buwc boos
a primitive root; to trample (literally or
figuratively):--loath, tread (down, under (foot)), be
polluted.
בּוּס (bus) — to trample.
1) to tread down, reject, trample down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tread down, trample (of warriors)
1a2) of rejection (fig.)
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to tread down (in bad sense)
1b2) to desecrate
1c) (Hithpolel)
1c1) to tread
1c2) to kick out
1c2a) of infants' blind movements
1c2b) of Jerusalem (fig.)
1d) (Hophal) to be trodden down
V-o-Perf-3cp — Verb · Piel · perfect third person common pluralHVpp3cp
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
חֶלְקָה (chelqah) primarily means a portion or parcel of ground, but it also refers to smoothness and can imply flattery. The word is built from the concept of smoothness, which can extend to slippery places. It encompasses both literal and figurative meanings, highlighting its versatility in describing land and characteristics like flattery.
חֶלְקָה n.f. portion of ground
base
[חֶלְקָה] n.f. smooth part, smoothness, flattery
smoothness, smooth part
pl. slippery places
smoothness = flattery
base
H2513a חֶלְקָה portion of ground H2513b חֶלְקָה smooth part, smoothness, flattery
2513 chelqah khel-kaw'
feminine of 2506; properly, smoothness; figuratively,
flattery; also an allotment:--field, flattering(-ry), ground,
parcel, part, piece of land (ground), plat, portion, slippery
place, smooth (thing).
see HEBREW for 02506
חֶלְקָה (chel.qah) — portion.
1) portion, parcel
1a) of ground
חֶלְקָה (chel.qah) — smoothness.
1) smooth part, smoothness, flattery
1a) smoothness, smooth part
1b) slippery places
1c) smoothness, flattery
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
חֶלְקָה (chelqah) primarily means a portion or parcel of ground, but it also refers to smoothness and can imply flattery. The word is built from the concept of smoothness, which can extend to slippery places. It encompasses both literal and figurative meanings, highlighting its versatility in describing land and characteristics like flattery.
חֶלְקָה n.f. portion of ground
base
[חֶלְקָה] n.f. smooth part, smoothness, flattery
smoothness, smooth part
pl. slippery places
smoothness = flattery
base
H2513a חֶלְקָה portion of ground H2513b חֶלְקָה smooth part, smoothness, flattery
2513 chelqah khel-kaw'
feminine of 2506; properly, smoothness; figuratively,
flattery; also an allotment:--field, flattering(-ry), ground,
parcel, part, piece of land (ground), plat, portion, slippery
place, smooth (thing).
see HEBREW for 02506
חֶלְקָה (chel.qah) — portion.
1) portion, parcel
1a) of ground
חֶלְקָה (chel.qah) — smoothness.
1) smooth part, smoothness, flattery
1a) smoothness, smooth part
1b) slippery places
1c) smoothness, flattery
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֶמְדָּה (chemdah) refers to desire or delight, and is associated with desirableness and preciousness. It is a feminine form derived from חֶמֶד (chemed). The entries indicate that it encompasses both the concept of longing for something and the quality of being desirable.
חֶמְדָּה n.f. id. [h.de.ab]—desire of Israel
base
[חֲמוּדָה] n.f. desirableness, preciousness
base
H2532a חֶמְדָּה desire, delight H2532b חֲמוּדָה desirableness, preciousness
2532 chemdah khem-daw'
feminine of 2531; delight:--desire, goodly, pleasant,
precious.
see HEBREW for 02531
חֶמְדָּה (chem.dah) — desire.
desire, that which is desirable
חֲמוּדָה (cha.mu.dah) — desirable thing.
desirableness, preciousness
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp1bs
מִדְבָּר (midbar) primarily means 'mouth' in the sense of an organ of speech, but it also refers to 'wilderness' or 'desert.' The word is derived from a root meaning to drive, suggesting open fields for pasturing cattle. It encompasses various forms of uninhabited land and is notably used in contexts related to the wilderness, such as the Wilderness of Sinai.
[מִדְבָּר] n.m. mouth, as organ of speech, Ct 4:3
ref
מִדְבָר 270 n.m. wilderness
tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds
uninhabited land
large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities
fig.
base
H4057a מִדְבָּר mouth, as organ of speech H4057b מִדְבָר wilderness
4057 midbar mid-bawr'
from 1696 in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open
field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert;
also speech (including its organs):--desert, south, speech,
wilderness.
see HEBREW for 01696
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — mouth.
1) mouth
1a) mouth (as organ of speech)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — wilderness.
1) wilderness
1a) pasture
1b) uninhabited land, wilderness
1c) large tracts of wilderness (around cities)
1d) wilderness (fig.)
מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — Wilderness (of Sinai).
This name means wilderness, uninhabited land
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שְׁמָמָה (shmamah) refers to devastation or waste, often implying desolation. It is a feminine form derived from a related root, and can also denote astonishment. The entries indicate that it encompasses meanings of both devastation and desolation, with variations in spelling noted. The term appears in contexts related to destruction.
שְׁמָמָה 55 n.f. a devastation, waste
base
שִׁמָמָה v. foregoing [v.ea.ac]
base
H8077a שְׁמָמָה a devastation, waste H8077b שִׁמָמָה v. foregoing [8077a]
8077 shmamah shem-aw-maw'
or shimamah {shee-mam-aw'}; feminine of 8076; devastation;
figuratively, astonishment:--(laid, X most) desolate(- ion),
waste.
see HEBREW for 08076
שְׁמָמָה (she.ma.mah) — devastation.
devastation, waste, desolation
Also means: shi.me.mah (שִֽׁמְמָה "desolation" H8077B)
שִֽׁמְמָה (shi.me.mah) — desolation.
devastation, waste, desolation
Another spelling of she.ma.mah (שְׁמָמָה "devastation" H8077A)
שִֽׁמְמָה (shi.me.mah) — Desolate.
devastation, waste, desolation
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa