Judges 5:26 — Word Study
WLCיָדָהּ֙ לַיָּתֵ֣ד תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה וִֽימִינָ֖הּ לְהַלְמ֣וּת עֲמֵלִ֑ים וְהָלְמָ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ מָחֲקָ֣ה רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וּמָחֲצָ֥ה וְחָלְפָ֖ה רַקָּתֽוֹ׃
BSAShe reachedshâlach▸ for the tent pegyâthêd [a small, pointed piece of metal] her rightyâmîyn handyâd [an open hand; strength, a side or share] for the workman’sʻâmêl hammerhalmûwth△ [a basic tool used in everyday life] She struckhâlam■ SiseraÇîyçᵉrâʼ [the Canaanite king and general] and crushedmâchaq△■ his skullrôʼsh [completely destroying it] she shatteredmâchats■ [severely wounding] and piercedchâlaph■ [passing through] his templeraqqâh [the side of the head, rakka]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יָדָהּ֙ | hand her | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| לַיָּתֵ֣ד | to the peg | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה | they stretched out | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| וִֽימִינָ֖הּ | and right [hand] her | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לְהַלְמ֣וּת | to a hammer of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| עֲמֵלִ֑ים | workmen | N-mp |
| וְהָלְמָ֤ה | and she struck | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| סִֽיסְרָא֙ | Sisera | Noun proper masculine |
| מָחֲקָ֣ה | she shattered | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| רֹאשׁ֔וֹ | head his | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וּמָחֲצָ֥ה | and she smashed | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| וְחָלְפָ֖ה | and she pierced | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| רַקָּתֽוֹ׃ | temple his | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | She reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workman’s hammer. She struck Sisera and crushed his skull; she shattered and pierced his temple. |
| KJV | She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples. |
| ASV | She put her hand to the tent-pin, And her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; And with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote through his head; Yea, she pierced and struck through his temples. |
| YLT | Her hand to the pin she sendeth forth, And her right hand to the labourers' hammer, And she hammered Sisera — she smote his head, Yea, she smote, and it passed through his temple. |
| WEB | She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer. With the hammer she struck Sisera. She struck through his head. Yes, she pierced and struck through his temples. |
| BBE | She put out her hand to the tent-pin, and her right hand to the workman's hammer; and she gave Sisera a blow, crushing his head, wounding and driving through his brow. |
Where they part company is in the verbs describing Jael's actions — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause followed by several actions, emphasizing Jael's decisive role in the narrative.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbשָׁלַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 13 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Judges 5:26
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Song of Deborahgenerated
Judges 5:26 describes Jael's bold act of killing Sisera, the commander of the Canaanite army. This event is celebrated in the song of Deborah, which recounts Israel's deliverance from oppression. Jael's actions are pivotal in the narrative, showcasing the role of women in Israel's history and the fulfillment of God's promise to deliver His people from their enemies.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Samuel 17:49–51 | Then David reached into his bag, took out a stone, and slung it, striking the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground. |
| 2 | 2 Samuel 20:22 | Then the woman went to all the people with her wise counsel, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bichri and threw it to Joab. So he blew the ram’s horn and his men dispersed from the city, each to his own home. And Joab returned to the king in Jerusalem. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָדָהּ֙, ya.Dahgenerated
The word יָד (yad) means 'hand' and symbolizes power or direction. In this context, it represents Jael's strength and determination as she reaches for the tent peg.
The parsing indicates that it is a noun in the singular construct form, showing possession, as it refers specifically to her hand. This emphasizes the personal nature of her action.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the meaning of יָדָהּ֙ as 'her hand.' All versions reflect the same idea of Jael using her hand to reach for the peg.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה governs the main action of the verse, indicating that Jael extends her hand. The structure includes multiple clauses that detail her actions and the objects involved.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on Jael's actions, with the verbs preceding the objects, highlighting her decisive role in the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew יָדָהּ֙ is rendered as αὐτῆς, meaning 'of her.' This choice maintains the focus on Jael's personal involvement in the act.
The Greek translation captures the essence of the Hebrew text, emphasizing Jael's agency in the unfolding events.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Judges 5:26 tells us that Jael took a tent peg and a hammer to kill Sisera, the enemy general. This act is part of a larger story about Israel's victory over their oppressors, showcasing Jael's bravery and the important role of women in Israel's history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jael's action signifies bravery and decisiveness, playing a crucial role in Israel's victory over the Canaanites.
Jael's story is significant as it highlights the unexpected roles women played in biblical history and God's deliverance of His people.
The tent peg symbolizes Jael's resourcefulness and the practical means by which she achieved a great victory.
This verse connects to the overall narrative of Judges by illustrating God's use of unlikely heroes to deliver Israel from oppression.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you admire in Jael's character as depicted in this verse?
- How can we apply the lessons of courage and resourcefulness from Jael's story to our own lives?
- In what ways does this story challenge traditional views of gender roles in leadership?
- How does God's deliverance through unexpected means encourage your faith?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Judges 5:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleShe put her hand to the nail,.... Her left hand, as the Septuagint, Arabic, and Vulgate Latin versions express it, and as appears by what follows; she having taken up a pin from her tent, with which
Read John Gill on Judges 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryShe put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples. No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Judges 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHer hand, i.e. her left hand, as appears from the nature of the thing; and from the right hand, which is opposed to it. Smote off, or, struck through, as the LXX. and Syriac render it; or brake, as the Chaldee hath it. When she had pierced, Heb. and she pierced; or, and the nail pierced.
Read Matthew Poole on Judges 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJudges 5:26 She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’ s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples.Ver. 26. She smote off his head.] Sept., She bored through, or pierced his head; as Ulysses perforated Polyphemus’ s eye.
Read John Trapp on Judges 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(26) Nail. . . . workmen’s hammer.—See on Judges 4:21. Smote.—Hammered.Smote off his head.—Rather, shattered his head. The Hebrew is onomatopoetic, i.e., the sound echoes the sense, recalling the smashing and crashing blows of the hammer. The repetition of these terrible alliterative verbs, “hammered,” “shattered,” “battered,” “transfixed,” the signs that the imagination of the prophetess seems to revel in the description, have been ascribed to “the delight of a satisfied thirst for revenge.” This is hardly a right view of her character. It must be remembered that the feelings of modern times are far more refined and complex than those of previous ages. The sense of tenderness, the…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Judges 5 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 26. She smote off his head] The original does not warrant this translation; nor is it supported by fact. She smote his head, and transfixed him through the temples. It was his head that received the death wound, and the place where this wound was inflicted was the temples. The manner in which Jael despatched Sisera seems to have been this: 1. Observing him to be in a profound sleep she took a workman's hammer, probably a joiner's mallet, and with one blow on the head deprived him of all sense. 2. She then took a tent nail and drove it through his temples, and thus pinned him to the earth; which she could not have done had she not previously stunned him with the blow on the head. Thus…
Read AdamClarke on Judges 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges26. While he was standing (Judges 5:27) and about to drink, Jael dealt him a shattering blow with a wooden implement. We are tempted to suppose that, if he had drunk, he would have been protected by the laws of Eastern hospitality. So in The Talisman, Sir Walter Scott makes Saladin dash the cup from the hand of the Grand Master of the Templars before assassinating him; had he tasted it, he would have been safe. Talisman p. 535 (ed. 1879 A. and C. Black). In Judges 4:19, however, Jael has no scruples about killing Sisera after he has partaken of her hospitality. According to the parallelism of Hebr. poetry her hand and her right hand mean the same thing; and so should nail and workmen’s…
Read Cambridge on Judges 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleRather “she smote his head, and she struck and pierced through his temple.”
Read Albert Barnes on Judges 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
She reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workman’s hammer. She struck Sisera and crushed his skull; she shattered and pierced his temple.
She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer. With the hammer she struck Sisera. She struck through his head. Yes, she pierced and struck through his temples.
She reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workman’s hammer. She struck Sisera and crushed his skull; she shattered and pierced his temple.
Her left hand reached for the tent peg, her right hand for the workmen’s hammer. She “hammered” Sisera, she shattered his skull, she smashed his head, she drove the tent peg through his temple.
Tyndale line
She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and stricken through his temples.
She put her hand to the tent-pin, And her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; And with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote through his head; Yea, she pierced and struck through his temples.
She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen’s hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote through his head, yea, she pierced and struck through his temples.
She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer; and with the hammer she smote Sisera, she smote off his head, when she had pierced and struck through his temples.
She put her hand to the naile, and her right hand to the workemans hammer: with the hammer smote she Sisera: she smote off his head, after she had wounded, and pearsed his temples.
Strictly literal
She put her hand to the tent-pin, And her right hand to the workmen's hammer; And she smote Sisera, she struck through his head, Shattered and pierced through his temples.
Her hand to the pin she sendeth forth, And her right hand to the labourers' hammer, And she hammered Sisera — she smote his head, Yea, she smote, and it passed through his temple.
She sends forth her hand to the pin, || And her right hand to the laborers’ hammer, || And she hammered Sisera—she struck his head, || Indeed, she struck, and it passed through his temple.
Her hand she put forth to the nail, and her right hand to the laborious workmen's hammer; and she hammered Sissera, she struck his head, and crushed and smote through his temple.
She put her hand to the tent peg, and her right hand to the workman's hammer; with the hammer she struck Sisera, she crushed his head. She smashed his skull into pieces when she pierced him through the side of his head.
From the Latin
She put her left hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workman’s hammer, and she struck Sisara, seeking in his head a place for the wound, and strongly piercing through his temples.
Simplified
With one hand she picked up the tent peg, and with her right hand she held a workman's hammer. She hit Sisera and smashed his skull; she shattered and pierced his temple.
She put out her hand to the tent-pin, and her right hand to the workman's hammer; and she gave Sisera a blow, crushing his head, wounding and driving through his brow.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
Both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with a complete match of all 13 words. This consistency highlights the reliability of the text across different traditions.
יָדָהּ֙ לַיָּתֵ֣ד תִּשְׁלַ֔חְנָה וִֽימִינָ֖הּ לְהַלְמ֣וּת עֲמֵלִ֑ים וְהָלְמָ֤ה סִֽיסְרָא֙ מָחֲקָ֣ה רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וּמָחֲצָ֥ה וְחָלְפָ֖ה רַקָּתֽוֹ׃
13 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Judges 5:26
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cs | Suff — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp3fs
יָתֵד (yathed) refers to a pin or peg, often used for securing items like tents. It can also mean a nail or a pin in a figurative sense, and has applications in weaving. The word is built from an unused root meaning to fasten or pin through.
יָתֵד n.f. pin, peg
base
H3489 יָתֵד pin, peg
3489 yathed yaw-thade'
from an unused root meaning to pin through or fast; a
peg:--nail, paddle, pin, stake.
יָתֵד (ya.ted) — peg.
1) pin, stake, peg, nail
1a) pin, peg, tent pin, tent stake
1b) nail, pin (fig.)
1c) pin (used in weaving)
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHRd/Ncfsa
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine singularHVqi3fs
The Hebrew word יָמִין (*yamiyn*) means 'right hand' or 'right side,' and it can also refer to the direction south, as the right hand points south when facing east. It is derived from the root word for 'to be strong' and covers various contexts, including body parts and directional references.
יָמִין 137 n.f. right hand
right hand
of situation on, or direction toward the right
of other parts of the body
= south, because when facing east the right hand is toward the south
base
H3225 יָמִין right hand . right hand
. of situation on, or direction toward the right
. of other parts of the body
. = south, because when facing east the right hand is toward the south
3225 yamiyn yaw-meen'
from 3231; the right hand or side (leg, eye) of a person or
other object (as the stronger and more dexterous); locally,
the south:--+ left-handed, right (hand, side), south.
see HEBREW for 03231
יָמִין (ya.min) — right.
1) right, right hand, right side
1a) right hand
1b) right (of direction)
1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)
Also means: ya.min (יָמִין ": south" H3225H)
יָמִין (ya.min) — right: south.
1) right, right hand, right side
1a) right hand
1b) right (of direction)
1c) south (the direction of the right hand when facing East)
יָמִין (ya.min) — [Ben]jamin.
A man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.35.18;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Rachel (H7354);
brother of: Joseph (H3130);
half-brother of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp3fs
הַלְמוּת (halmuwth) refers to a hammer or mallet, derived from the root word for hammering. It appears in the context of a workman’s tool, specifically noted in Judges 5:26. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a tool used for striking.
הַלְמוּת n.f. hammer, mallet, only cstr. Ju 5:26 a workman’s hammer.
ref
H1989 הַלְמוּת
1989 halmuwth hal-mooth'
from 1986; a hammer (or mallet):--hammer.
see HEBREW for 01986
הַלְמוּת (hal.mut) — hammer.
hammer, mallet
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עָמֵל (amel) refers to a laborer or sufferer, emphasizing toil and hardship. The word can denote both a concrete worker and a figurative sense of sorrow or misery. It is derived from a root that implies toiling, and it appears in contexts that highlight labor and suffering.
עָמֵל n.m. laborer, sufferer
base
עָמֵל adj.verb. toiling, only Ec, as pred.
base
H6001a עָמֵל laborer, sufferer H6001b עָמֵל adj. verb. toiling
6001 `amel aw-male'
from 5998; toiling; concretely, a laborer; figuratively,
sorrowful:--that laboureth, that is a misery, had taken
(labour), wicked, workman.
see HEBREW for 05998
עָמֵל (a.mel) — labour(er).
1) labourer, sufferer, wretched one
1a) labourer, workman
1b) sufferer
עָמֵל (a.mel) — laborious.
adj v
toiling
N-mp — N-mpHAampa
הָלַם (halam) is a Hebrew verb meaning to strike, hammer, or strike down. It conveys actions such as beating down, breaking, or overcoming. The entries indicate that this word is a primitive root and primarily used in the context of physical actions like smiting or conquering.
[הָלַם] vb. strike, hammer, strike down
base
H1986 [הָלַם] strike, hammer, strike down
1986 halam haw-lam'
a primitive root; to strike down; by implication, to hammer,
stamp, conquer, disband:--beat (down), break (down), overcome,
smite (with the hammer).
הָלַם (ha.lam) — to smite.
(Qal) to smite, strike, hammer, strike down
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) refers to Sisera, a Canaanite general under King Jabin of Hazor, known for being defeated by Jael. The name is associated with 'battle array' and appears in contexts relating to both the conquest of Israel and the return from exile, indicating its historical significance.
סִיסְרָא 21 n.pr.m.
general of Jabin, king of Hazor
returned exiles
base
H5516 סִיסְרָא
5516 Ciycra'; see-ser-aw'
of uncertain derivation; Sisera, the name of a Canaanitish
king and of one of the Nethinim:--Sisera.
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) — Sisera.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.4.2
§ Sisera = "battle array"
1) the conquering general under king Jabin of Hazor and slain by Jael
2) ancestor of a family of temple slaves who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
סִיסְרָא (sis.ra) — Sisera.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.53
§ Sisera = "battle array"
1) the conquering general under king Jabin of Hazor and slain by Jael
2) ancestor of a family of temple slaves who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sis'-er-a (cicera', of doubtful meaning; S(e)isara):
(1) Given in Judges 4 as the captain of the army of Jabin, king of Hazor. The accounts given of the battle of Sisera with Barak, as found in Judges 4 and 5, have important points of difference. The first is a prose, the second a poetic narrative. In the first only Naphtali and Zebulun are mentioned as being under the command of Barak; in the second 6 tribes are given as being under his command. In Judges 4 Sisera is known as the captain of Jabin's forces, while in Judges 5 he seems to have been an independent leader. There is also a difference as to the scene of the battle and as to the manner in which Sisera met his death at the hand of Jael. Because of these points of difference, added to the fact that this is the only account, in these early times, where a king did not lead his own forces, it is thought by many that there is here…
Sisera
(Egypt. Ses-Ra, “servant of Ra”). (1.) The captain of Jabin’s army (Judg. 4:2), which was routed and destroyed by the army of Barak on the plain of Esdraelon. After all was lost he fled to the settlement of Heber the Kenite in the plain of Zaanaim. Jael, Heber’s wife, received him into her tent with apparent hospitality, and “gave him butter” (i.e., lebben, or curdled milk) “in a lordly dish.” Having drunk the refreshing beverage, he lay down, and soon sank into the sleep of the weary. While he lay asleep Jael crept stealthily up to him, and taking in her hand one of the tent pegs, with a mallet she drove it with such force through his temples that it entered into the ground where he lay, and “at her feet he bowed, he fell; where he bowed, there he fell down dead.” The part of Deborah’s song (
(battle array). Captain of the army of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor. He himself resided in Harosheth of the Gentiles. The particulars of the rout of Megiddo and of Sisera’s flight and death are drawn out under the heads of BARAK, DEBORAH, JAEL, KISHON. (B.C. 1296.) After a long interval the name appears in the lists of Nethinim who returned from the captivity with Zerubbabel. (Ezra 2:53; Nehemiah 7:55) It doubtless tells of Canaanite captives devoted to the lowest offices of the temple. (B.C. before 536.)
A general in the army of Jabin king of Hazor, sent by his master against Barak and Deborah, who occupied Mount Tabor with an army. Being defeated, he fled on foot, and was ingloriously slain by Jael, Jud 4:1-5:31. See JAEL.
מָחַק (machaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to utterly destroy or annihilate. It is a primitive root that conveys the idea of crushing or smiting off. The term appears specifically in Judges 5:26, where its context emphasizes total destruction.
[מָחַק] vb. utterly destroy, annihilate;—only Ju 5:26
ref
H4277 מָחַק
4277 machaq maw-khak'
a primitive root; to crush:--smite off.
מָחַק (ma.chaq) — to destroy.
(Qal) to utterly destroy, annihilate
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.
רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.
(c. 230 t.) head, of human being
head, of animals
top (88 t.)
height, of stars
head = chief (man)
= chief (city)
chief nation
= chief (place, position)
= chief priest
= head of a family
head = front, leader's place
of time, beginning, of night watch
of things, river-heads
chief, choicest, best, of spices
head = division of army, company, band
= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
other phr.
base
רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh
base
H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being
. head, of animals
. . top (88 t.)
. height, of stars
. . head = chief (man)
. = chief (city)
. chief nation
. = chief (place, position)
. = chief priest
. = head of a family
. . head = front, leader's place
. of time, beginning, of night watch
. of things, river-heads
. chief, choicest, best, of spices
. head = division of army, company, band
. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate
. other phr.
H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh
7218 ro'sh roshe
from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as
most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many
applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,
captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,
end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,
height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,
principal, ruler, sum, top.
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.
: head
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.
Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.
: leader
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
1b) top, tip (of mountain)
1c) height (of stars)
1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)
1e) head, front, beginning
1f) chief, choicest, best
1g) head, division, company, band
1h) sum
רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.
: top/best
1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning
1a) head (of man, animals)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
מָחַץ (machats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to smite through, wound severely, or shatter. It is built from a primitive root and encompasses actions like crushing, smashing, or violently plunging. The entries indicate a range of meanings that include both literal and figurative uses, such as to subdue or destroy.
מָחַץ vb. smite through, wound severely, shatter
base
H4272 מָחַץ smite through, wound severely, shatter
4272 machats maw-khats'
a primitive root; to dash asunder; by implication, to crush,
smash or violently plunge; figuratively, to subdue or
destroy:--dip, pierce (through), smite (through), strike
through, wound.
מָחַץ (ma.chats) — to wound.
1) to smite through, shatter, wound severely
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to shatter
1a2) shattering (participle)
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
חָלַף (chalaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to pass on or away, with various nuances including to hasten, sprout anew, or change. It can refer to physical movement, such as passing through, as well as metaphorical changes like transgression or renewal. The word appears in poetic contexts and has different forms indicating causation or transformation.
חָלַף vb. pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.)
Qal
pass on quickly
pass away, vanish
of grass, come on anew, i.e. sprout again
trans.
pass through, i.e. pierce
overstep, transgress
Pi. (cause to pass) change
Hiph.
change (trans.)
shew newness
base
H2498 חָלַף pass on or away, pass through (mostly poet.) .. . pass on quickly
. pass away, vanish
. of grass, come on anew, i.e. sprout again
. trans. . pass through, i.e. pierce
. overstep, transgress
. (cause to pass) change
. . change (trans.)
. shew newness
2498 chalaph khaw-laf'
a primitive root; properly, to slide by, i.e. (by
implication) to hasten away, pass on, spring up, pierce or
change:--abolish, alter, change, cut off, go on forward, grow
up, be over, pass (away, on, through), renew, sprout, strike
through.
חָלַף (cha.laph) — to pass.
1) to pass on or away, pass through, pass by, go through, grow up, change, to go on from
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pass on quickly
1a2) to pass away (vanish)
1a3) to come on anew, sprout again (of grass)
1a4) to pass through
1a5) to overstep, transgress
1b) (Piel) to cause to pass, change
1c) (Hiph)
1c1) to change, substitute, alter, change for better, renew
1c2) to show newness (of tree)
Aramaic equivalent: cha.laph (חֲלַף "to pass" H2499)
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
רַקָּה (raqqah) refers to the temple, specifically the side of the head. It is a feminine noun derived from the root meaning thinness. The entries consistently identify it as relating to the anatomical feature of the head.
רַקָּה n.f. the temple (of the head)
base
H7541 רַקָּה
7541 raqqah rak-kaw'
feminine of 7534; properly, thinness, i.e. the side of the
head:--temple.
see HEBREW for 07534
רַקָּה (raq.qah) — temple.
temple, the temple (of the head)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3ms