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Judges 5:13 — Word Study

Depth

WLCאָ֚ז יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים עָ֑ם יְהוָ֕ה יְרַד־ לִ֖י בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃

BSAThenʼâz [at that time, earlier] the survivorssârîyd [remnants, those who remain] to the noblesʼaddîyr [leaders, great ones] the peopleʻam [nation, community] of the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the Lord God] against the mightygibbôwr [among, in the midst of, strong, powerful ones]

Word
Listen & take awayJudges 5
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ba.gi.bo.Rim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Judges 5:13quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes how the survivors and the people of the LORD descended to confront the mighty.
Who is speakingDeborah, a prophetess and judge, recounts the actions of the people.
Where we areThis verse is part of the Song of Deborah, celebrating victory over Israel's enemies.
The hard wordשָׂרִיד
Take awayThe LORD's people rallied together, showing strength against their foes.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectיהוה verbרָדָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Judges 5:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Song of Deborahgenerated

12‘Awake, awake, O Deborah! Awake, awake, sing a song! Arise, O Barak, and take hold of your captives, O son of Abinoam!’
13Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of the LORD came down to me against the mighty.
14Some came from Ephraim, with their roots in Amalek; Benjamin came with your people after you. The commanders came down from Machir, the bearers of the marshal’s staff from Zebulun.
15The princes of Issachar were with Deborah, and Issachar was with Barak, rushing into the valley at his heels. In the clans of Reuben there was great indecision.

Judges 5:13 is part of a poetic celebration of Israel's victory over their enemies, led by Deborah and Barak. The song recounts the bravery of the people and the divine assistance they received in battle. The context emphasizes the unity and strength of the survivors who came down to fight alongside the people of the LORD against powerful adversaries.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 49:14Like sheep they are destined for Sheol. Death will be their shepherd. The upright will rule them in the morning, and their form will decay in Sheol, far from their lofty abode.
2Isaiah 41:15–16Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff.
3Ezekiel 17:24Then all the trees of the field will know that I am the LORD. I bring the tall tree down and make the low tree tall. I dry up the green tree and make the withered tree flourish. I, the LORD, have spoken, and I have done it.’”
4Daniel 7:18–27But the saints of the Most High will receive the kingdom and possess it forever—yes, forever and ever.’
5Romans 8:37No, in all these things we are more than conquerors through Him who loved us.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

the LordPsalm 75:7

The Key Word שָׂרִיד, sa.Ridgenerated

The noun שָׂרִיד (sariyd) means 'survivor' or 'remnant,' referring to those who remain after a significant event, often a battle or disaster. It highlights the resilience of the people who endure despite overwhelming odds.

In this verse, it signifies those who survived and rallied to support the cause, emphasizing their role in the collective action against the might of their enemies.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb יְרַד (he went down) governs the sentence, with two subjects: the survivors and the people of the LORD. The structure indicates a coordinated action, where both groups descend to confront their enemies.

The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the subjects and their actions, highlighting the collective movement towards the nobles and the might.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יְהוָ֕ה as κυρίου (Lord), which aligns with the Hebrew meaning but reflects the Greek tradition of using 'Lord' in place of the divine name.

The choice of κατέβη for יְרַד emphasizes the act of descending, consistent with the Hebrew meaning of going down.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Judges 5:13 tells us that the survivors came down to the nobles, and the people of the LORD came down to fight against the mighty. This verse highlights the unity and strength of the people who rallied to confront their powerful enemies.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does 'survivors' mean in this context?

In this context, 'survivors' refers to those who remain after a significant event, such as a battle, and are willing to fight alongside their community.

Why is the people of the LORD mentioned?

The people of the LORD are mentioned to show that they acted in unity and strength, supported by their faith in God as they faced their enemies.

What is the significance of the nobles?

The nobles represent the leaders and influential figures of Israel, highlighting the social structure and the importance of leadership in the battle.

How does this verse reflect the theme of victory?

This verse reflects the theme of victory by showing how the survivors and the people of the LORD came together to confront and overcome their powerful foes.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I be a survivor in my own challenges, drawing strength from my community?
  2. How does faith play a role in facing difficult situations, as seen in this verse?
  3. What leadership qualities can I learn from the nobles mentioned in this passage?
  4. How can I support others in their battles, just as the people of the LORD supported one another?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Jerome comments on this verse, emphasizing the connection between the remnants of the people and the righteousness of the Lord.

JeromeJudges 5:13 c. 347–420
Then the remnants of the people were saved. This sentence is to be connected to the previous sentence, which says: Where the righteousness of the Lord is told, the strength of Israel's mercy;
Early Church Fathers on Judges 5 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Judges 5:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Then he made him that remaineth,.... The people of Israel that remained, who had been under the yoke of Jabin king of Canaan, under which many of the Israelites very probably died; but now the few

Read John Gill on Judges 5 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty.

Read Robert Jamieson on Judges 5 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Thus God did not only preserve the poor and despised remnant of his people from the fury of the oppressor before this war, and from the destruction which Sisera designed and promised himself to bring upon them by this war; but also gave them the victory, and thereby the dominion over the princes and nobles of Canaan, who were combined against them. Me, though but a weak woman.

Read Matthew Poole on Judges 5 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Judges 5:13 Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty.Ver. 13. Then he made him that remaineth,] i.e., Once he made the relics of the Canaanites to rule over the nobles of Israel; but now the Lord hath made me or my people to have dominion over those mighties. Or rather thus, Then he made the residue of Israel to prevail over their oppressors. The Lord made me, a weak woman, to get the better of those nobles and high officials.

Read John Trapp on Judges 5 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(13) Then he made him that remaineth have dominion.—The translation, reading, and punctuation of this verse is uncertain. The MSS. of the LXX. vary, and the Vulgate merely gives a paraphrase. The Alexandrine MS. of the LXX. may be correct: “Then descended a remnant against the mighty.” Ewald renders it, “Then descended a remnant of the nobles of the people.” They were only “a remnant,” because at least six of the tribes—Judah, Simeon, Dan, Asher, Reuben, Gad—held aloof. The Lord made me have dominion over the mighty.—Rather, Jehovah descended to me among the heroes. The LXX. (Cod. B) and others connect “people” with this clause: “The people of Jehovah descended,” &c., and perhaps correctly.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Judges 5 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 13. Make him that remaineth] This appears to be spoken of Barak, who is represented as being only a remnant of the people.

Read AdamClarke on Judges 5 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. Then came down a remnant] The Massoretic scribes intended the verb to mean ‘then may the remnant (i.e. of Israel) rule over the noble ones,’ a prayer; but the noble ones like the mighty are most naturally Israelites, and after then the LXX and other Verss. give a perfect. With a slight change of pronunciation the RV. renders ‘Then came down a remnant of the nobles and the people,’ inserting and without any right. The word for remnant means, not ‘a mere handful,’ but survivors from a battle, a sense unsuitable here; we may perhaps correct the form to Israel (Budde, Moore), and thus obtain a good parallelism to the people of the Lord, as the words are to be read (LXX. B). The whole verse…

Read Cambridge on Judges 5 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

This verse is otherwise rendered: “then a remnant of the nobles came down; the people of the Lord came down for me against the mighty.” The following verses mention in detail who this “remnant” were.

Read Albert Barnes on Judges 5 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of the LORD came down to me against the mighty.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

“Then a remnant of the nobles and the people came down. Yahweh came down for me against the mighty.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of the LORD came down to me against the mighty.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Then the survivors came down to the mighty ones; the Lord’s people came down to me as warriors.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Then came down a remnant of the nobles and the people; Jehovah came down for me against the mighty.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Then came down a remnant of the nobles and the people; the LORD came down for me against the mighty.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Then he made him that remaineth have dominion over the nobles among the people: the LORD made me have dominion over the mighty.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

For they that remaine, haue dominio ouer the mightie of the people: the Lord hath giuen me dominion ouer the strong.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Then come down, thou, the remnant of nobles, [as his] people; Jehovah! come down with me in the midst of the mighty ones.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Then him who is left of the honourable ones He caused to rule the people of Jehovah, He caused me to rule among the mighty.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Then him who is left of the majestic ones He caused to rule the people of YHWH, || He caused me to rule among the mighty.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Then obtained dominion a few that had escaped for the nobles among the people—the Lord gave me dominion over the mighty.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of Yahweh came down to me with the warriors.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The remnants of the people are saved, the Lord hath fought among the valiant ones.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The survivors went to attack the nobles, the people of the Lord went to attack the powerful.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Then the chiefs went down to the doors; the Lord's people went down among the strong ones.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseadverbialאָ֚זthenverbיְרַ֣דhe.went.downnoun phrase · subjectשָׂרִ֔יד[the].survivor[s]prepositional phraseלְof.[the]אַדִּירִ֖יםnoblesadverbialעָ֑ם[the].peopleclausesubjectיְהוָ֕הYahwehverbיְרַדhe.went.downprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִ֖toיmeprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּamongnoun phrasethe.mightyגִּבּוֹרִֽים[ones]

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text (MT) of Judges 5:13 reads, 'Then the survivors came down to the nobles; the people of the LORD came down to me against the mighty.' The Septuagint (LXX) aligns closely with the MT, matching all nine words in a word-by-word correspondence, indicating agreement in the core message of the verse. There are no significant differences between these ancient witnesses for this particular verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אָ֚ז יְרַ֣ד שָׂרִ֔יד לְאַדִּירִ֖ים עָ֑ם יְהוָ֕ה יְרַד־ לִ֖י בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
אָ֚זτότεיְרַ֣דκατέβηשָׂרִ֔ידκατάλειμμαלְאַדִּירִ֖יםἰσξυροῖςעָ֑םλαὸςיְהוָ֕הκυρίουיְרַד־κατέβηלִ֖יαὐτῷבַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃κραταιοῖς

9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Judges 5:13אָזthenthenאָזיָרַדhe went dowhe went downיָרַדשָׂרִיד[the] survi[the] survivor[שָׂרִידאַדִּירof [the] noof [the] noblesאַדִּירעַם[the] peopl[the] peopleעַםיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהיָרַדhe went dowhe went downיָרַדנִיto meto meנִיגִּבּוֹרamong the mamong the mightגִּבּוֹרשָׂרַדשָׂרַדאָדַרbe glorioube gloriousאָדַרעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםהָיָהto beto beהָיָהגֶּ֫בֶרgreat mangreat manגֶּ֫בֶרשְׁאוֹלhell: Sheohell: Sheolשְׁאוֹלבּוֹרpitpitבּוֹרמְצוּדָהnetnetמְצוּדָהפָּשַׁעto transgrto transgressפָּשַׁעפָּלִיטsurvivorsurvivorפָּלִיטשָׁאַרto remainto remainשָׁאַרשָׁדַדto ruinto ruinשָׁדַדאֶ֫רֶזcedarcedarאֶ֫רֶזנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאחַ֫יִלHelechHelechחַ֫יִלמִלְחָמָהbattlebattleמִלְחָמָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Judges 5:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
אָ֚ז'az then H227 Adverb
141× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a past time or place, often used to describe something that happened earlier. It can also be used as a conjunction to show a cause-and-effect relationship. In the Bible, it appears in books like Genesis and Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
at that time, earlier
Tyndale gloss
then
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָז (az) is a demonstrative adverb meaning 'at that time' or 'then,' used for both temporal and logical expressions. It can refer to past events or indicate a condition for future actions. The related form מֵאָז (me.az) means 'from that time' or 'since.' The entries highlight its use in various contexts without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָז adv. at that time, then whether expressing duration, or inception (= thereupon).

strictly temporal

expressing logical sequence strictly

base

מֵאָז lit. from that time

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H227a אָז at that time, then H227b מֵאָז, once

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

227 'az awz

a demonstrative adverb; at that time or place; also as a

conjunction, therefore:--beginning, for, from, hitherto, now,

of old, once, since, then, at which time, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָז (az) — then.

1) then, at that time

1a) temporal expressions

1a1) then (past)

1a2) then, if...then (future)

1a3) earlier

1b) logical expressions

1b1) in that case

1b2) that (being so)

מֵאָז (me.az) — the past.

1) in time past, of old

2)from time of, since

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adv — Adverb
HD
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
יְרַ֣דye.Rad he went down H3381 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
381× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Tyndale gloss
to go down
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend

Qal 306

come or go down

go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

from Jerusalem

from altar

go down

= sink, in water

go down to She’ôl

fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

= be prostrated

of divine manifestations: descend

of inanimate things

Hiph.

cause to come or go down

bring down

send down rain = cause to flow down

= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

bring down to She’ôl

take down (from cart)

let down

Hoph.

be brought down

be taken down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down

. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

. from Jerusalem

. from altar

. go down

. = sink, in water

. go down to She’ôl

. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

. = be prostrated

. of divine manifestations: descend

. of inanimate things

. . cause to come or go down . bring down

. send down rain = cause to flow down

. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

. bring down to She’ôl

. take down (from cart)

. let down

. . be brought down

. be taken down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3381 yarad yaw-rad'

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or

conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,

the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to

bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,

bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,

fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X

indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,

let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.

1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come down

1a2) to sink

1a3) to be prostrated

1a4) to come down (of revelation)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to bring down

1b2) to send down

1b3) to take down

1b4) to lay prostrate

1b5) to let down

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought down

1c2) to be taken down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
שָׂרִ֔ידsa.Rid [the] survivor[s] H8300 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
28× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A survivor is someone who remains alive after a difficult event, and this word is used to describe those who are left after a disaster or war. It can also refer to a remnant of people who continue to exist despite challenges. The Bible often uses this term to describe the remaining Israelites.
Amplified meaning
remnants, those who remain
Tyndale gloss
survivor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂרִיד (sariyd) means 'survivor' or 'remnant,' referring to what remains after a defeat. It is derived from the root word meaning 'to remain.' The entries consistently emphasize its use in contexts of survival and what is left over.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂרִיד n.m. survivor (from a defeat, etc.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8300 שָׂרִיד survivor (from a defeat, etc.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8300 sariyd saw-reed'

from 8277; a survivor:--X alive, left, remain(- ing),

remnant, rest.

see HEBREW for 08277

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂרִיד (sa.rid) — survivor.

1) survivor, remnant, that which is left

1a) survivor

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
לְאַדִּירִ֖יםle.'a.di.Rim of [the] nobles H117 Preposition
27× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Describes something or someone as great or powerful, such as the mighty waters of the sea in Psalm 107.
Amplified meaning
leaders, great ones
Tyndale gloss
great
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַדִּיר (addiyr) means majestic and conveys a sense of greatness or power. It can describe large entities like the sea or trees, as well as kings, nations, and noble figures. The word is built from a root meaning wide or large, with a range that includes excellent, glorious, and noble.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַדִּיר adj. majestic

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H117 אַדִּיר majestic

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

117 'addiyr ad-deer'

from 142; wide or (generally) large; figuratively,

powerful:--excellent, famous, gallant, glorious, goodly,

lordly, mighty(- ier one), noble, principal, worthy.

see HEBREW for 0142

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַדִּיר (ad.dir) — great.

1) great, majestic

1a) of waters of sea

1b) of a tree

1c) of kings, nations, gods

2) great one, majestic one

2a) of nobles, chieftains, servants

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Adj — Preposition
HR/Aampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
עָ֑ם'Am [the] people H5971 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
1,873× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Amplified meaning
nation, community
Tyndale gloss
Amaw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people

a people, nation

= smaller units

= common people

people in gen., persons

phrases

base

[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5971 `am am

from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a

tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or

attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,

people.

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַם (am) — people.

: people/nation

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — kinsman.

kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Ammi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — People's (Gate).

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.

Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)

§ kinsman, kindred

עַם (am) — Amaw.

This name means nation, people

עַם (am) — people: soldiers.

: soldiers/army

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

עַם (am) — people: creatures.

: creatures

1) nation, people

1a) people, nation

1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
יְהוָ֕הYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, the Lord God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
יְרַד־ye.rad- he went down H3381 Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
381× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Tyndale gloss
to go down
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend

Qal 306

come or go down

go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

from Jerusalem

from altar

go down

= sink, in water

go down to She’ôl

fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

= be prostrated

of divine manifestations: descend

of inanimate things

Hiph.

cause to come or go down

bring down

send down rain = cause to flow down

= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

bring down to She’ôl

take down (from cart)

let down

Hoph.

be brought down

be taken down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down

. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

. from Jerusalem

. from altar

. go down

. = sink, in water

. go down to She’ôl

. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

. = be prostrated

. of divine manifestations: descend

. of inanimate things

. . cause to come or go down . bring down

. send down rain = cause to flow down

. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

. bring down to She’ôl

. take down (from cart)

. let down

. . be brought down

. be taken down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3381 yarad yaw-rad'

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or

conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,

the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to

bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,

bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,

fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X

indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,

let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.

1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come down

1a2) to sink

1a3) to be prostrated

1a4) to come down (of revelation)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to bring down

1b2) to send down

1b3) to take down

1b4) to lay prostrate

1b5) to let down

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought down

1c2) to be taken down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singular
HVqp3ms
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
לִ֖יli to me H9030 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נִי (ni) — me.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp1bs
then he went down [the] survivor[s] of [the] nobles [the] people Yahweh he went down to me among the mighty [ones]
בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃ba.gi.bo.Rim among the mighty [ones] H1368 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
159× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes a strong or mighty man, like a warrior or champion, as seen in 1 Samuel 17:51 where David defeats Goliath. It can also imply a brave or valiant person.
Amplified meaning
among, in the midst of, strong, powerful ones
Tyndale gloss
mighty man
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) means strong or mighty, and can refer to a powerful person, such as a warrior or chief. It is built from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to strength and bravery. The entries consistently emphasize its use to describe a strong man or mighty figure.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גִּבּוֹר 159 adj. strong, mighty

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1368 גִּבּוֹר strong, mighty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1368 gibbowr ghib-bore'

or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same

as 1397; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:--

champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),

strong (man), valiant man.

see HEBREW for 01397

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גִּבּוֹר (gib.bor) — mighty man.

adj

1) strong, mighty

n m

2) strong man, brave man, mighty man

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Adj — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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