Isaiah 34:12 — Word Study
WLCחֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־ שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־ שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃
BSANoʼayin nobleschôr [of high rank, pure ones] will be left to proclaimqârâʼ▸ ◂a kingmᵉlûwkâh [to establish a kingdom] and allkôl her princessar [rulers, leaders] will comehâyâh▸ to nothingʼepheç [result in, amount to, emptiness, void]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חֹרֶ֥יהָ | nobles its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְאֵֽין־ | and there not | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שָׁ֖ם | there | Adverb |
| מְלוּכָ֣ה | [will be that which] a kingship | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| יִקְרָ֑אוּ | people will call | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְכָל־ | and all | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שָׂרֶ֖יהָ | princes its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יִ֥הְיוּ | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| אָֽפֶס׃ | nothing | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | No nobles will be left to proclaim a king, and all her princes will come to nothing. |
| KJV | They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing. |
| ASV | They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there; and all its princes shall be nothing. |
| YLT | [To] the kingdom her freemen they call, But there are none there, And all her princes are at an end. |
| WEB | They shall call its nobles to the kingdom, but none shall be there; and all its princes shall be nothing. |
| BBE | The jackals will be there, and her great ones will be gone; they will say, There is no longer a kingdom there, and all her chiefs will have come to an end. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of חֹרֶ֥יהָ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with two main clauses connected by a conjunction, emphasizing the complete lack of leadership.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbקָרָא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 34:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Desolation of Edomgenerated
Isaiah 34:12 describes the impending desolation of Edom, emphasizing that there will be no noble leaders left to establish a kingdom, and all its princes will ultimately amount to nothing. This reflects a broader theme in Isaiah of judgment against nations that oppose God, highlighting the futility of human power in the absence of divine favor.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 3:6–8 | A man will seize his brother within his father’s house: “You have a cloak—you be our leader! Take charge of this heap of rubble.” |
| 2 | Ecclesiastes 10:16–17 | Woe to you, O land whose king is a youth, and whose princes feast in the morning. |
| 3 | Isaiah 41:24 | Behold, you are nothing and your work is of no value. Anyone who chooses you is detestable. |
| 4 | 1 Corinthians 8:4 | So about eating food sacrificed to idols: We know that an idol is nothing at all in the world, and that there is no God but one. |
| 5 | 1 Corinthians 13:2 | If I have the gift of prophecy and can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if I have absolute faith so as to move mountains, but have not love, I am nothing. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֹרֶ֥יהָ, cho.Rei.hagenerated
The word חֹר (choresh) signifies a noble or pure individual, often associated with high rank or birth. It is derived from a root that implies purity, as something cleansed by fire. In this context, it indicates a lack of noble leaders who could proclaim a king.
The parsing indicates that it is a masculine plural noun with a construct form, meaning it is linked to a suffix indicating possession. The absence of these nobles underscores the desolation that will befall Edom.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which translates the key phrase as nobles and princes.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of two main clauses connected by a conjunction: the first clause states that no nobles will be left, and the second clause asserts that all princes will come to nothing. The structure emphasizes the complete lack of leadership in Edom.
The finite verbs יִקְרָ֑אוּ (yikra'u) and יִ֥הְיוּ (yihyu) govern the actions described, indicating what will happen to the nobles and princes.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word חֹרֶ֥יהָ is rendered as οἱ (hoi), which means 'the'. This choice simplifies the expression, focusing on the absence of nobility without emphasizing their qualities.
The Greek translation reflects a narrowing of the original Hebrew meaning, indicating a more general absence of leadership rather than highlighting the nobility of those who are missing.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 34:12 states that there will be no nobles left to proclaim a king, and all the princes will come to nothing. This verse emphasizes the complete lack of leadership and the resulting emptiness in Edom.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that there will be a total absence of leadership in Edom, leading to chaos and desolation.
This verse reflects the theme of divine judgment against nations that oppose God, illustrating the futility of human power without divine support.
It indicates that the ruling class will ultimately fail and result in emptiness, highlighting the consequences of turning away from God.
It serves as a reminder of the importance of righteous leadership and the consequences of neglecting divine guidance.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think are important for a leader to possess?
- How can we ensure that our leaders are guided by principles that reflect God's will?
- In what ways can we prepare ourselves to lead in our communities?
- What lessons can we learn from the downfall of Edom regarding leadership and authority?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 34:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none [shall be] there,.... They shall call them to take upon them the kingdom and government, and there shall be none to do it, or that will
Read John Gill on Isaiah 34 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 34 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there; they shall endeavour to heal their breaches, but in vain; the remnant of the people shall seek for any fit person, and offer the kingdom to him; but they shall not find any such who shall be willing to undertake the government. Shall be nothing; either shall be lost and cut off, or shall have no courage or strength left in them.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 34 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 34:12 They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none [shall be] there, and all her princes shall be nothing.Ver. 12. They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom.] The Venetians have magistrates called pregadi; because at first men were prayed to take the office, and to help to govern the State: but here were none left for such a purpose.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 34 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) They shall call the nobles thereof . . .—The monarchy of Edom seems to have been elective, its rulers being known, not as kings, but by the title which the English version renders by “dukes” (Genesis 36:15-43). It will be noticed that no chief in the list of dukes is the son of his predecessor. Isaiah fore tells as part of the utter collapse of Edom that there shall be neither electors nor any to elect.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 34 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. They shall call the nobles … there] A very obscure sentence, probably through a defect in the text. The rendering of E.V. might be maintained if with Prof. Weir we suppose a transposition of words in the original; the inference being that the monarchy in Edom was elective (cf. Genesis 36:31 ff.). More likely, however, “her nobles” is the subject of a sentence the rest of which is now lost; and the following words are to be translated “and there is no kingdom there which they may proclaim.”
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 34 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom - A more correct rendering of this would be, ‘As to the nobles, they shall call them, but there shall be there no kingdom.’ The idea is, that the
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 34 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11, 12. The picture of a solitary, foul, and marshy land, and of disgusting animals and birds, taking complete possession thereof, is a favourite one with Isaiah, (see Isaiah 13:20-22; Isaiah 14:23,) and others copy him.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 34 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
No nobles will be left to proclaim a king, and all her princes will come to nothing.
They shall call its nobles to the kingdom, but none shall be there; and all its princes shall be nothing.
No nobles will be left to proclaim a king, and all her princes will come to nothing.
Her nobles will have nothing left to call a kingdom and all her officials will disappear.
Tyndale line
They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing.
They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there; and all its princes shall be nothing.
They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none shall be there; and all her princes shall be nothing.
They shall call her nobles to the kingdom, but none shall be there, and all her princes shall be nothing.
The nobles thereof shall call to the kingdome, and there shalbe none, and all the princes thereof shalbe as nothing.
Strictly literal
Of her nobles who should proclaim the kingdom, none are there; and all her princes shall be nought.
[To] the kingdom her freemen they call, But there are none there, And all her princes are at an end.
They call her nobles [to] the kingdom, || But there are none there, || And all her princes are at an end.
Their nobles—no one is there they could call [to] the kingdom, and all its princes shall be no more.
Her nobles will have nothing left to call a kingdom, and all her princes will be nothing.
From the Latin
The nobles thereof shall not be there: they shall call rather upon the king, and all the princes thereof shall be nothing.
Simplified
Its nobles won't have anything to call a kingdom; all its princes will be gone.
The jackals will be there, and her great ones will be gone; they will say, There is no longer a kingdom there, and all her chiefs will have come to an end.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls both agree on the wording of this verse, confirming the absence of nobles and the futility of princes. The Septuagint matches 6 of the 9 words, showing a close alignment with the Hebrew text.
חֹרֶ֥יהָ וְאֵֽין־ שָׁ֖ם מְלוּכָ֣ה יִקְרָ֑אוּ וְכָל־ שָׂרֶ֖יהָ יִ֥הְיוּ אָֽפֶס׃
6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
וחרי׳ה ואין שמ׳ה מלוכה יקראו וכול שרי׳ה יהיו כאפס
9 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 34:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חֹר (chor) primarily means 'noble' and can imply a sense of purity or whiteness, derived from the cleansing power of fire. The word is associated with nobility and freeborn status, indicating a high rank. It is linked to the root words for 'white' and 'shining,' but there are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
[חֹר] n.m. noble, late
base
H2715 [חֹר] noble
2715 chor khore
or (fully) chowr {khore}; from 2787; properly, white or pure
(from the cleansing or shining power of fire (compare 2751);
hence (figuratively) noble (in rank):--noble.
see HEBREW for 02787
see HEBREW for 02751
חֹר (chor) — noble.
a noble, freeborn one
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Conj | Part — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.
שָׁם adv. there, thither
base
H8033 שָׁם there, thither
8033 sham shawm
a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);
there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or
thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +
thither, + whither.
see HEBREW for 0834
שָׁם (sham) — there.
1) there, thither
1a) there
1b) thither (after verbs of motion)
1c) from there, thence
1d) then (as an adverb of time)
Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)
שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
This name means there, thither
HD — AdverbHD
מְלוּכָה (mluḵāh) refers to kingship or royalty and is derived from a feminine passive participle of the root word for ruling. It encompasses concepts related to a realm or kingly office, as noted in various lexicons.
מְלוּכָה n.f. kingship, royalty
base
H4410 מְלוּכָה kingship, royalty
4410 mluwkah mel-oo-kaw'
feminine passive participle of 4427; something ruled, i.e. a
realm:--kingsom, king's, X royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מְלוּכָה (me.lu.khah) — kingship.
kingship, royalty, kingly office
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The Hebrew word קָרָא (qara') is a primitive root meaning to call, proclaim, or read. It encompasses a range of actions including calling out, crying for help, reading aloud, and summoning. The word can also imply being called or named in various contexts. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
קָרָא 724 vb. call, proclaim, read
Qal
call, cry, utter a loud sound
call, cry
call unto some one
cry for help
proclaim
read aloud
read to oneself
summon
call = name
Niph.
reflex.
pass. be called
Pu. be called
base
H7121 קָרָא call, proclaim, read .. . call, cry, utter a loud sound
. call, cry
. . call unto some one
. cry for help
. proclaim
. . read aloud
. read to oneself
. summon
. call = name
. . reflex.
. pass. be called
. be called
7121 qara' kaw-raw'
a primitive root (rather identical with 7122 through the idea
of accosting a person met); to call out to (i.e. properly,
address by name, but used in a wide variety of
applications):--bewray (self), that are bidden, call (for,
forth, self, upon), cry (unto), (be) famous, guest, invite,
mention, (give) name, preach, (make) proclaim(- ation),
pronounce, publish, read, renowned, say.
see HEBREW for 07122
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call to.
: call_to/invite/entreat
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
1a5) to summon, invite, call for, call and commission, appoint, call and endow
1a6) to call, name, give name to, call by
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to call oneself
1b2) to be called, be proclaimed, be read aloud, be summoned, be named
1c) (Pual) to be called, be named, be called out, be chosen
קָרָא (qa.ra) — to call: call by.
: call_by/name
1) to call, call out, recite, read, cry out, proclaim
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to call, cry, utter a loud sound
1a2) to call unto, cry (for help), call (with name of God)
1a3) to proclaim
1a4) to read aloud, read (to oneself), read
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
Call
(1.) To cry for help, hence to pray (Gen. 4:26). Thus men are said to “call upon the name of the Lord” (Acts 2:21; 7:59; 9:14; Rom. 10:12; 1 Cor. 1:2).
(2.) God calls with respect to men when he designates them to some special office (Ex. 31:2; Isa. 22:20; Acts 13:2), and when he invites them to accept his offered grace (Matt. 9:13; 11:28; 22:4).
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
שַׂר (sar) refers to a leader or ruler, encompassing a range of meanings from prince and chief to official and captain. It denotes various ranks, including military commanders and religious leaders, and can also imply a noble or merchant of high status. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to rule'.
שַׂר 420 n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
base
H8269 שַׂר chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
8269 sar sar
from 8323; a head person (of any rank or class):--captain
(that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper,
lord, ((-task- ))master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.
see HEBREW for 08323
שַׂר (sar) — ruler.
1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain
1a) chieftain, leader
1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)
1c) captain, general, commander (military)
1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)
1e) heads, princes (of religious office)
1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)
1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)
1h) patron-angel
1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)
1j) warden
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
The Hebrew word אֶ֫פֶס (*'ephec*) primarily means 'ceasing' or 'end,' and it can express non-existence. It also refers to the dual form אֹ֫פֶס (*'ofes*), which denotes the 'soles' or 'ankles' as the two extremities of the feet. The entries highlight its usage in various contexts, including adverbial forms indicating absence or limitation.
אֶ֫פֶס, אָ֑פֶס n.m. prop. ceasing, hence
end, extremity
Expressing non-existence
base
[אֹ֫פֶס] n.[m.] only in the du. lit. the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet, or the ankles
base
H657a אֶ֫פֶס, אָ֑פֶס prop. ceasing, hence . end, extremity
. Expressing non-existence
H657b אֹ֫פֶס only in the du. lit. the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet, or the ankles
657 'ephec eh'-fes
from 656; cessation, i.e. an end (especially of the earth);
often used adverb, no further; also (like 6466) the ankle (in
the dual), as being the extremity of the leg or foot:--ankle,
but (only), end, howbeit, less than nothing, nevertheless
(where), no, none (beside), not (any, -withstanding), thing of
nought, save(-ing), there, uttermost part, want, without
(cause).
see HEBREW for 0656
see HEBREW for 06466
אֶ֫פֶס (e.phes) — end.
1) ceasing, end, finality
2) expressing non-existence
אֹ֫פֶס (o.phes) — soles.
the two extremities, i.e. either the soles of the feet or the ankles
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
nuth'-ing (lo', lo' @me'umah, etc.; medeis, oudeis): "Nothing" is represented by various words and phrases, often with lo', which is properly a substantive with the meaning of "nothing." Most frequently we have lo' me'umah, "not anything" (Ge 40:15; Jud 14:6).
Other forms are lo' dhabhar, "not anything"; (Ge 19:8); lo'khol, "not any(thing)" (Ge 11:6; Pr 13:7); la' (Aramaic), "no," "nothing" (Da 4:35, "as nothing"); 'ephec, "end," "cessation" (Isa 34:12); bilti, "without," "save," "not" (
