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Isaiah 29:7 — Word Study

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WLCוְהָיָ֗ה כַּֽחֲלוֹם֙ חֲז֣וֹן לַ֔יְלָה הֲמוֹן֙ כָּל־ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַצֹּבְאִ֖ים עַל־ אֲרִיאֵ֑ל וְכָל־ צֹבֶ֙יהָ֙ וּמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔הּ וְהַמְּצִיקִ֖ים לָֽהּ׃

BSAAllkôl [the multitude, a large crowd] the manyhâmôwn nationsgôwy [Gentiles, non-Hebrew peoples] going out to battletsâbâʼ [to serve, assemble for war] againstʻal ArielʼĂrîyʼêl [lion of God, a name for Jerusalem] even allkôl [every single one] who war against hertsâbâʼ [fight, assemble for battle] laying siegemâtsôwd [shutting her in with their towers, besieging] and attackingtsûwq [pressing, oppressing] will behâyâh like a dreamchălôwm [a vision, a prophetic message] like a visionchâzôwn [a revelation, a divine insight] in the nightlayil [a time of darkness, adversity]

Word
Listen & take awayIsaiah 29
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 7 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Lah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Isaiah 29:7quick helps
In a sentenceThe many nations that go to battle against Ariel will find their efforts as insubstantial as a fleeting dream.
Who is speakingThe prophet Isaiah, conveying a message from God about the fate of Jerusalem.
Where we areThis verse is part of a prophecy concerning the impending conflict against Jerusalem.
The hard wordאֲרִיאֵל
Take awayThe nations' military might will ultimately prove to be illusory and ineffective.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbהָיָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Isaiah 29:7

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Prophecy Against Jerusalemgenerated

6you will be visited by the LORD of Hosts with thunder and earthquake and loud noise, with windstorm and tempest and consuming flame of fire.
7All the many nations going out to battle against Ariel— even all who war against her, laying siege and attacking her— will be like a dream, like a vision in the night,
8as when a hungry man dreams he is eating, then awakens still hungry; as when a thirsty man dreams he is drinking, then awakens faint and parched. So will it be for all the many nations who go to battle against Mount Zion.
9Stop and be astonished; blind yourselves and be sightless; be drunk, but not with wine; stagger, but not from strong drink.

Isaiah 29:7 describes how the multitude of nations that wage war against Jerusalem, referred to as Ariel, will find their efforts futile, akin to a dream that vanishes upon waking. This prophecy serves to remind the people of Jerusalem of God's sovereignty over their circumstances, even in times of distress, as outlined in the surrounding verses of this chapter.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Isaiah 37:36Then the angel of the LORD went out and struck down 185,000 men in the camp of the Assyrians. When the people got up the next morning, there were all the dead bodies!
2Isaiah 41:11–12Behold, all who rage against you will be ashamed and disgraced; those who contend with you will be reduced to nothing and will perish.
3Jeremiah 25:31–33The tumult will resound to the ends of the earth because the LORD brings a charge against the nations. He brings judgment on all mankind and puts the wicked to the sword,’” declares the LORD.
4Jeremiah 51:42–44The sea has come up over Babylon; she is covered in turbulent waves.
5Nahum 1:3–12

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word אֲרִיאֵל, 'a.ri.'Elgenerated

The name אֲרִיאֵל (Ari'el) translates to 'lion of God' and symbolizes strength and divine protection, specifically referring to Jerusalem in this context. It emphasizes the city's significance as a focal point of God's presence and power.

The use of אֲרִיאֵל in this verse highlights the contrast between the nations' aggression and the divine assurance that their plans will ultimately fail.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

All translations agree that the nations' actions against Ariel are likened to a dream.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וְהָיָ֗ה (ve.ha.Yah), meaning 'and it will be,' governs the entire verse. It introduces the imagery of the nations' actions being compared to a dream.

The structure of the sentence employs multiple noun phrases, including הֲמוֹן (hamown) and הַגּוֹיִ֔ם (ha.go.Yim), which serve as subjects and objects, illustrating the nations' collective actions against Ariel.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates אֲרִיאֵל as αριηλ, maintaining the name's significance. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of Jerusalem's identity as a city under divine protection.

The Greek term used for 'like a dream' is ὡς, which aligns with the Hebrew imagery, emphasizing the ephemeral nature of the nations' efforts.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Isaiah 29:7 tells us that the many nations going to battle against Jerusalem will find their efforts to be as insubstantial as a dream. This imagery serves to illustrate that their plans will ultimately fail, just as dreams fade upon waking.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Ariel represent in this verse?

Ariel represents Jerusalem, symbolizing strength and divine protection, as indicated by its meaning 'lion of God.'

Why are the nations' actions compared to a dream?

The comparison to a dream highlights the futility and insubstantiality of their military efforts against Jerusalem.

What is the significance of the multitude mentioned?

The multitude emphasizes the overwhelming number of nations that have united against Jerusalem, yet their combined strength is portrayed as ultimately ineffective.

How does this verse relate to God's sovereignty?

This verse illustrates God's sovereignty over the affairs of nations, showing that despite their plans, He remains in control and will protect Jerusalem.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I seen seemingly overwhelming challenges turn out to be insubstantial in my life?
  2. How can I remind myself of God's sovereignty when facing difficult situations?
  3. What does it mean to me that Jerusalem, represented as Ariel, is seen as a place of divine protection?
  4. How can I apply the message of this verse to my own struggles and conflicts?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Isaiah 29:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel,.... The Roman army, which consisted of men of all nations, that fought against Jerusalem; the city in which was the altar, as the Targum

Read John Gill on Isaiah 29 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision. Her munition - her fortress.

Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 29 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Wherein it shall be so is explained in the next verse.

Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 29 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Isaiah 29:7 And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision.Ver. 7. Shall be as the dream of a night vision.] Both in regard of thee to whom this siege and ruin shall happen beyond all thought, judgment, and expectation, as also in respect of the Chaldees themselves, who will never be satisfied with tormenting thee, and yet shall fail of what they hope for too. Spes mortalium sunt somnia vigilantium, saith Plato. Diod.

Read John Trapp on Isaiah 29 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(7) Against her and her munition.—The word is a rare one, but probably stands here for the new fortifications by which Uzziah and Hezekiah had defended Jerusalem.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 29 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 7. As a dream] This is the beginning of the comparison, which is pursued and applied in the next verse. Sennacherib and his mighty army are not compared to a dream because of their sudden disappearance; but the disappointment of their eager hopes is compared to what happens to a hungry and thirsty man, when he awakes from a dream in which fancy had presented to him meat and drink in abundance, and finds it nothing but a vain illusion. The comparison is elegant and beautiful in the highest degree, well wrought up, and perfectly suited to the end proposed. The image is extremely natural, but not obvious: it appeals to our inward feelings, not to our outward senses; and is applied to an…

Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 29 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

ch. Isaiah 29:1-14. The announcement of Jehovah’s wonderful purpose regarding Jerusalem, and its reception on the part of the peopleUnder the second “Woe” (Isaiah 29:1) are grouped two oracles, which may have been originally independent; or they may be intimately connected, the second describing the effect of the first on the minds of Isaiah’s hearers. i. Isaiah 29:1-8. The impending humiliation and deliverance of Jerusalem. Jerusalem, apostrophised by the mystic name of “Ariel,” is at present gay and careless and secure, the festal calendar follows its accustomed course, and this state of things may endure for a short time longer (1). But already in vision the prophet sees her beset by…

Read Cambridge on Isaiah 29 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

And the multitude of all the nations - The Assyrians, and their allied hosts. And her munition - Her fortresses, castles, places of strength 2 Samuel 5:7; Ecclesiastes 9:14; Ezekiel 19:9.

Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 29 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

All the many nations going out to battle against Ariel— even all who war against her, laying siege and attacking her— will be like a dream, like a vision in the night,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

The multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all who fight against her and her stronghold, and who distress her, will be like a dream, a vision of the night.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

All the many nations going out to battle against Ariel—even all who war against her, laying siege and attacking her—will be like a dream, like a vision in the night,

NETBNew English Translation2006

It will be like a dream, a night vision. There will be a horde from all the nations that fight against Ariel, those who attack her and her stronghold and besiege her.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her stronghold, and that distress her, shall be as a dream, a vision of the night.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her strong hold, and that distress her, shall be as a dream, a vision of the night.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against Ariel, even all that fight against her and her munition, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night-vision.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And the multitude of all the nations that fight against the altar, shalbe as a dreame or vision by night: euen all they that make the warre against it, and strong holdes against it, and lay siege vnto it.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And the multitude of all the nations that war against Ariel, even all that war against her and her fortifications, and that distress her, shall be as a dream of a night vision.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And as a dream, a vision of night, hath been The multitude of all the nations Who are warring against Ariel, And all its warriors, and its bulwark, Even of those distressing her.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And as a dream, a vision of night, || Has been the multitude of all the nations || Who are warring against Ariel, || And all its warriors, and its bulwark, || Even of those distressing her.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And as a dream of a night-vision shall be the multitude of all the nations that go to war against Ariel, even all that fight against her and raise towers against her, and that distress her.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

It will be like a dream, a vision of the night: A horde of all the nations will fight against Ariel and her stronghold. They will attack her and her fortifications to press upon her.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And the multitude of all nations that have fought against Ariel, shall be as the dream of a vision by night, and all that have fought, and besieged and prevailed against it.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The nations besieging Ariel, attacking its fortifications and tormenting the people, they will all disappear as if it was a dream!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And all the nations making war on Ariel, and all those who are fighting against her and shutting her in with their towers, will be like a dream, like a vision of the night.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbהָיָ֗הit.will.beprepositional phrase · prepositionalכַּֽlikenoun phraseחֲלוֹם֙a.dreamnoun phraseחֲז֣וֹןa.visionלַ֔יְלָהof.[the].nightnoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseהֲמוֹן֙the.multitudenoun phraseכָּלof.allnoun phraseהַthenoun phraseגּוֹיִ֔םnationsadjective phraseהַ[which].goadjective phraseclauseverbצֹּבְאִ֖יםto.warprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלonאֲרִיאֵ֑לArielוְandnoun phraseכָלallnoun phraseclauseverbצֹבֶ֨י[thosenoun phrase · objectהָ֙who].go.to.war.against.itוּandnoun phraseמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔strongholdהּitsוְandnoun phraseהַ[thosenoun phraseclauseverbמְּצִיקִ֖יםwho].bring.distressprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָֽtoהּit

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls both preserve the same essential wording for this verse, affirming that the nations' siege against Ariel is depicted as a fleeting dream. The Septuagint aligns closely with the Hebrew text, demonstrating consistency across these ancient witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהָיָ֗ה כַּֽחֲלוֹם֙ חֲז֣וֹן לַ֔יְלָה הֲמוֹן֙ כָּל־ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם הַצֹּבְאִ֖ים עַל־ אֲרִיאֵ֑ל וְכָל־ צֹבֶ֙יהָ֙ וּמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔הּ וְהַמְּצִיקִ֖ים לָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהָיָ֗הἔσταιכַּֽחֲלוֹם֙ὡςחֲז֣וֹןἐνלַ֔יְלָהὕπνῳהַגּוֹיִ֔םἐθνῶνהַצֹּבְאִ֖יםἐπεστράτευσανעַל־ἐπὶאֲרִיאֵ֑לαριηλוְכָל־πάντεςצֹבֶ֙יהָ֙στρατευσάμενοιוּמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔הּοἱוְהַמְּצִיקִ֖יםθλίβοντεςלָֽהּ׃αὐτήν

13 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaaa copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

והיה כחלום חזון לילה המון כול הגואים הצובאים על ארואל וכול צבי׳ה ומצרת׳ה והמצוקים ל׳ה

15 words on the leather.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[והיה] [כחלום] [חזון] לילה המון כל [הגוים] [הצבאים] [על] [אריאל] [וכל] [צבי׳ה] [ומצדת׳ה] [והמציקים] [ל׳ה]

2 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 12 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q64a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[והיה] [כחלום] [חזון] לילה המון כל [הגוים] [הצבאים] [על] [אריאל] [וכל] [צבי׳ה] [ומצדת׳ה] [והמציקים] [ל׳ה]

3 words on the leather — 12 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Isaiah 29:7הָיָהand it willand it will beהָיָהחֲלוֹםlike a drealike a dreamחֲלוֹםחָזוֹןa vision ofa vision ofחָזוֹןלַ֫יְלָה[the] night[the] nightלַ֫יְלָההָמוֹן[the] multi[the] multitudeהָמוֹןכֹּלallallכֹּלגּוֹיthe nationsthe nationsגּוֹיצָבָאwhich wage which wage warצָבָאעַלononעַלאֲרִיאֵלArielArielאֲרִיאֵלכֹּלand alland allכֹּלצָבָא[those who][those who] wagצָבָאמָצוֹדand stronghand stronghold מָצוֹדצוּקand those [and those [who]צוּקהָto itto itהָכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלחָלַםbe healthybe healthyחָלַםחָזָהto seeto seeחָזָההָמָהto roarto roarהָמָהצוּדto huntto huntצוּדהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאלוּלstairsstairsלוּלגֵּוָהbackbackגֵּוָהעַלheightheightעַלאֲרִיאֵלArielArielאֲרִיאֵלעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָההָמוֹןcrowdcrowdהָמוֹןפֶּ֫תַחentranceentranceפֶּ֫תַחיְשַׁעְיָ֫הוּJeshaiahJeshaiahיְשַׁעְיָ֫הוּנָבִיאprophetprophetנָבִיאיוֹמָםby dayby dayיוֹמָםאוֹרto lightto lightאוֹר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 29:7

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
וְהָיָ֗הve.ha.Yah and it will be H1961 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

See TESTAMENT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ THE MENTAL FACULTY

Freedom of, recognized by God Ge 4:6-10; De 5:29; 1Ki 20:42; Isa 1:18-20; 43:26; Jer 36:3,7; Joh 7:17

See BLESSINGS, CONTINGENT UPON OBEDIENCE

See CHOICE

See CONTINGENCY

→ OF GOD, THE SUPREME RULE OF DUTY Mt 6:10; 12:50; 26:39,42; Mr 3:35; 14:36; Lu 11:2; 22:42; Joh 4:34; 5:30; 6:38-40; Ac…

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
כַּֽחֲלוֹם֙ka.cha.lOm like a dream H2472 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
65× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means a dream, which can be ordinary or have a prophetic meaning, as seen in the Bible where God communicates through dreams. It appears in the story of Joseph in Genesis. The word is also used in Joel 2:28.
Amplified meaning
a vision, a prophetic message
Tyndale gloss
dream
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חֲלוֹם (chalowm) means 'dream' and can refer to both ordinary dreams and those with prophetic significance. It is derived from a root that suggests a connection to dreaming. The Aramaic equivalent is חֵ֫לֶם (chelem).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֲלוֹם n.m. dream

ordinary dream of sleep

dreams with prophetic meaning

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2472 חֲלוֹם dream

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2472 chalowm khal-ome'

or (shortened) chalom {khal-ome'}; from 2492; a

dream:--dream(-er).

see HEBREW for 02492

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֲלוֹם (cha.lom) — dream.

1) dream

1a) dream (ordinary)

1b) dream (with prophetic meaning)

Aramaic equivalent: che.lem (חֵ֫לֶם "dream" H2493)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Dream

God has frequently made use of dreams in communicating his will to men. The most remarkable instances of this are recorded in the history of Jacob (Gen. 28:12; 31:10), Laban (31:24), Joseph (37:9-11), Gideon (Judg. 7), and Solomon (1 Kings 3:5). Other significant dreams are also recorded, such as those of Abimelech (Gen. 20:3-7), Pharaoh’s chief butler and baker (40:5), Pharaoh (41:1-8), the Midianites (Judg. 7:13), Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 2:1; 4:10, 18), the wise men from the east (Matt. 2:12), and Pilate’s wife (27:19).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The orientals, and in particular the Jews, greatly regarded dreams, and applied for their interpretation to those who undertook to explain them. We see the antiquity of this custom in the history of Pharaoh’s butler and baker, Ge 40:1-23; and Pharaoh himself and Nebuchadnezzar are also instances. God expressly forbade his people to observe dreams, and to consult explainers of them. He condemned to death all who pretended to have prophetic dreams, even though what they foretold came to pass, if they had any tendency to promote idolatry, De 13:1-3. But they were not forbidden, when they thought they had a significant dream, to address the prophets of the Lord, or the high priest in his ephod, to have it explained. The Lord frequently made known his will in dreams, and enabled…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Evanescent Job 20:8

→ Vanity of Ec 5:3,7

→ INSTANCES OF

Of Abimelech,, concerning Sarah Ge 20:3

Of Jacob, concerning the ladder Ge 28:12

The ring-straked cattle Ge 31:10-13

Concerning his going down into Egypt Ge 46:2

Of Laban, concerning Jacob Ge 31:24

Of Joseph, concerning the sheaves Ge 37:5-10

Of Midianite concerning the cake of barley Jud 7:13

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
חֲז֣וֹןcha.Zon a vision of H2377 Noun common · masculine singular construct
35× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A vision or revelation from God, often received through dreams or prophecy. This word is used in the Bible to describe divine communication, like the visions received by prophets in the book of Isaiah.
Amplified meaning
a revelation, a divine insight
Tyndale gloss
vision
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָזוֹן (chazown) means 'vision' and encompasses various forms of divine communication, including dreams, revelations, and oracles. It can refer to visions experienced in ecstatic states or during the night, and it is also used as a title for prophetic books.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָזוֹן n.m. vision

vision, as seen in the ecstatic state

vision, in the night

divine communication in a vision, oracle, prophecy

vision, as title of book of prophecy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2377 חָזוֹן vision

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2377 chazown khaw-zone'

from 2372; a sight (mentally), i.e. a dream, revelation, or

oracle:--vision.

see HEBREW for 02372

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָזוֹן (cha.zon) — vision.

1) vision

1a) vision (in ecstatic state)

1b) vision (in night)

1c) vision, oracle, prophecy (divine communication)

1d) vision (as title of book of prophecy)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
לַ֔יְלָהLay.lah [the] night H3915 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
233× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Night refers to the time of darkness, opposed to day, and can also symbolize adversity or hardship. It is a period of rest, but also of potential danger or uncertainty.
Amplified meaning
a time of darkness, adversity
Tyndale gloss
night
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לַ֫יְלָה (layil) means 'night' and is derived from a root that suggests a twist away from light. It encompasses the literal sense of night as opposed to day, as well as figurative uses related to gloom or adversity. The term appears in contexts like Isaiah 21:11.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל 242 n.m. night

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3915 לַ֫יְלָה, לַ֫יִל night

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3915 layil lah'-yil

or (Isa. 21:11) leyl {lale}; also laylah {lah'- yel-aw}; from

the same as 3883; properly, a twist (away of the light), i.e.

night; figuratively, adversity:--((mid-))night (season).

see HEBREW for 03883

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לַ֫יְלָה (lay.lah) — night.

1) night

1a) night (as opposed to day)

1b) of gloom, protective shadow (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

nit.

See DAY AND NIGHT for the natural usage and the various terms.

1. In the Old Testament:

Figurative uses: The word "night" (laylah or layil is sometimes used figuratively in the Old Testament. Thus, Moses compares the brevity of time, the lapse of a thousand years, to "a watch in the night" (Ps 90:4). Adversity is depicted by it in such places as Job 35:10; compare Isa 8:20; Jer 15:9. Disappointment and despair are apparently depicted by it in the "burden of Dumah" (Isa 21:11,12); and spiritual blindness, coming upon the false prophets (Mic 3:6); again sudden and…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[DAY]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The ancient Hebrews began their artificial day at evening, and ended it the next evening, so that the night proceeded the day. This usage may probably be traced to the terms employed in describing the creation, Ge 1:5,8,13, etc., "The evening and the morning were the first day." The Hebrews allowed twelve to the day; but these hours were not equal, except at the equinox. At other times, when the hours of the night were long, those of the day were short, as in winter; and when the hours of night were short, as at midsummer, the hours of the day were long in proportion. See HOURS.

The nights are sometimes extremely cold in Syria, when the days are very hot; and travelers in the deserts and among the mountains near Palestine refer to their own sufferings from these opposite extremes, in illustration of Jacob’s words in

→ General scriptures concerning Ge 1:5,16,18

→ Meditations in Ps 19:2; 77:6; 119:148; 139:11

→ Worship in Ps 134:1

→ Jesus prays all night Lu 6:12

→ No night in heaven Re 21:25; 22:5

→ Divided into watches Ex 14:24; Jud 7:19; 1Sa 11:11; Ne 12:9; Ps 63:6; 119:148; La 2:19;

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
הֲמוֹן֙ha.mOn [the] multitude of H1995 Noun common · masculine singular construct
83× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Being in a state of turmoil or having a lot of noise is what this Hebrew word means. It can also refer to a large crowd or abundance of something, like in the book of Proverbs where it describes a multitude of people.
Tyndale gloss
crowd
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הָמוֹן (hamown) refers to a sound or noise, encompassing meanings like murmur, roar, tumult, and crowd. It also conveys concepts of abundance and wealth. The verb form הָמַן (haman) means to rage or be turbulent. The entries highlight a range of uses, from describing a multitude to expressing confusion or disquiet.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָמוֹן n.m. sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance

sound, murmur, rush, roar

tumult, confusion (as occasioning a roar)

crowd, multitude

great number, abundance (late)

abundance, wealth

base

[הָמַן] vb. rage, be turbulent

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1995a הָמוֹן sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance H1995b הָמַן rage, be turbulent

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1995 hamown haw-mone'

or hamon (Ezek. 5:7) {haw-mone'}; from 1993; a noise, tumult,

crowd; also disquietude, wealth:--abundance, company, many,

multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store,

tumult.

see HEBREW for 01993

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָמוֹן (ha.mon) — crowd.

1) murmur, roar, crowd, abundance, tumult, sound

1a) sound, murmur, rush, roar

1b) tumult, confusion

1c) crowd, multitude

1d) great number, abundance

1e) abundance, wealth

הָמַן (ha.man) — be turbulent.

to rage, be turbulent

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
the multitude, a large crowd
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
הַגּוֹיִ֔םha.go.Yim the nations H1471 Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
561× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a Gentile, someone who is not Hebrew or Israeli. It can also describe a large group of animals or a nation of people, emphasizing their unity and shared identity.
Amplified meaning
Gentiles, non-Hebrew peoples
Tyndale gloss
Gentile
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people

base

גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1471 gowy go'-ee

rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same

root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;

hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a

flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

see HEBREW for 01465

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גּוֹי (goy) — nation.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.

People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1

§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

1c) Goyim? = "nations"

Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)

גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.

Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-mp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absolute
HTd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

na'-shunz.

See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
הַצֹּבְאִ֖יםha.tzoe.'Im which wage war H6633 Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To serve or go to war, this term is used to describe assembling for battle or serving at the sacred tent. It can also mean to fight or perform a duty, and is used in various biblical contexts to describe military or religious service.
Amplified meaning
to serve, assemble for war
Tyndale gloss
to serve
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָבָא (tsaba') is a Hebrew verb meaning to wage war or serve, particularly in the context of military action or religious duties at a sacred tent. It encompasses the ideas of assembling, fighting, and performing tasks. The entries highlight its use in both Qal and Hiphil forms, with a focus on warfare and service.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָבָא] vb. wage war, serve

Qal

wage war, fight

serve at sacred tent

Hiph. muster

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6633 [צָבָא] wage war, serve .. wage war, fight

. serve at sacred tent

. muster

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6633 tsaba' tsaw-baw'

a primitive root; to mass (an army or servants):--assemble,

fight, perform, muster, wait upon, war.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָבָא (tsa.va) — to serve.

1) to go forth, wage war, fight, serve

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wage war, fight, go forth to war

1a2) to serve (at sacred tent)

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to go forth, muster

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Qal — Particle · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural
HTd/Vqrmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

War

The Israelites had to take possession of the Promised Land by conquest. They had to engage in a long and bloody war before the Canaanitish tribes were finally subdued. Except in the case of Jericho and Ai, the war did not become aggressive till after the death of Joshua. Till then the attack was always first made by the Canaanites. Now the measure of the iniquity of the Canaanites was full, and Israel was employed by God to sweep them away from off the face of the earth. In entering on this new stage of the war, the tribe of Judah, according to divine direction, took the lead.

In the days of Saul and David the people of Israel engaged in many wars with the nations around, and after the division of the kingdom into two they often warred with each other. They had to defend themselves also against the inroads of the Egyptians, the Assyrians, and the Babylonians. The whole history of…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The most important topic in connection with war is the formation of the army which is destined to carry it on. [ARMY] In (1 Kings 9:22) at a period (Solomon’s reign) when the organization of the army was complete, we have apparently a list of the various gradations of rank in the service, as follows: "Men of war" = privates ; "servants," the lowest rank of officers --lieutenants ; "princes" = captains ; "captains," perhaps = staff officers ; "rulers of the chariots and his horsemen" = cavalry officers . Formal proclamations of war were not interchanged between the belligerents. Before entering the enemy’s district spies were seat to ascertain the character of the country and the preparations of its inhabitants for resistance. (Numbers 13:17;

One of the evil fruits of the fall, and an appalling manifestation of the depravity of mankind, Ge 6:11-13 Isa 9:5 Jas 4:1-2, often rendered apparently inevitable by the assaults of enemies, or commanded by God for their punishment. See AMALEKITES and CANAAN.

By this scourge, subsequently to the conquest of Canaan, God chastised both his own rebellious people and the corrupt and oppressive idolaters around them. In many cases, moreover, the issue was distinctly made between the true God and idols; as with the Philistines, 1Sa 17:43-47; the Syrians, 1Ki 20:23-30; the Assyrians,

→ Averted Jos 22:11-34

→ Enemy harangued by the general of the opposing side 2Ki 18:19-36; 2Ch 13:4-12

→ Of extermination Nu 31:7-17; De 2:33,34; 3:6; 20:13-18;

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
עַל־'al- on H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
אֲרִיאֵ֑ל'a.ri.'El Ariel H740 Noun proper
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ariel means lion of God, a name for Jerusalem and an Israelite, symbolizing strength and power. It appears in the Bible as a name for the city, emphasizing its connection to God. In Isaiah 29:1, Ariel refers to Jerusalem.
Amplified meaning
lion of God, a name for Jerusalem
Tyndale gloss
Ariel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲרִיאֵל (Ari'el) means 'lion of God' or 'lioness of God' and is used as a name for Jerusalem. It also refers to a chief among the returning exiles and two sons of Ariel from Moab. The entries indicate its symbolic significance and historical context, particularly during the Exile and Return.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲרִיאֵל

n. pr. f. (prob., v. Ew) Ariel (lioness of Ēl) name applied to Jerusalem

n. pr. m. a chief man among returning exiles

two sons of Ariel of Moab

& Qr

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H740 אֲרִיאֵל . n. pr. f. (prob., v. Ew) Ariel (lioness of Ēl) name applied to Jerusalem

. n. pr. m. a chief man among returning exiles

. two sons of Ariel of Moab

. & Qr

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

740 'Ari'el ar-ee-ale'

the same as 739; Ariel, a symbolical name for Jerusalem, also

the name of an Israelite:--Ariel.

see HEBREW for 0739

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲרִיאֵל (a.ri.el) — Ariel.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Ezr.8.16

§ Ariel = "lion of God" or "lioness of God"

1) a name applied to Jerusalem

2) the name of a chief of the returning exiles

אֲרִיאֵל (a.ri.el) — Ariel.

Ariel = "lion of God" or "lioness of God"

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-ri-el ('ariy'el or 'ari'el, "lioness of God"): But the word occurs in Eze 43:15,16, and is there translated in the Revised Version (British and American) "ALTAR HEARTH."

(1) According to the Revised Version (British and American) a man of Moab whose two sons were slain by David's warrior Benaiah the son of Jehoiada (2Sa 23:20; 1Ch 11:22). Here the King James Version translates "two lionlike men of Moab."

(2) A name applied to Jerusalem (Isa 29:1,2,7). The many explanations of the name are interesting, but mainly conjectural.

(3) One of the members of the delegation sent by Ezra to the place Casiphia, to secure temple ministers for his expedition to Jerusalem (

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ariel

The lion of God. (1.) One of the chief men sent by Ezra to procure Levites for the sanctuary (Ezra 8:16).

(2.) A symbolic name for Jerusalem (Isa. 29:1, 2, 7) as “victorious under God,” and in Ezek. 43:15, 16, for the altar (marg., Heb. ‘ariel) of burnt offerings, the secret of Israel’s lion-like strength.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(lion of God). One of the "chief men" who under Ezra directed the caravan which he led back from Babylon to Jerusalem. (Ezra 8:16) (B.C. 459.) The word occurs also in reference to two Moabites slain by Benaiah. (2 Samuel 23:20; 1 Chronicles 11:22) Many regard the word as an epithet, "lion-like;" but it seems better to look upon it as a proper name, and translate "two [sons] of Ariel." A designation given by Isaiah to the city of Jerusalem. (Isaiah 29:1,2,7) We must understand by it either "lion of God," as the chief city, or "hearth of God," a synonym for the altar of burnt offering. On the whole it seems most probable that, as a name given to Jerusalem, Ariel means "lion of God," whilst the word used by Ezekiel, (

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The lion of God, one of Ezra’s chief men, Ezr 8:16. This word is used, in 2Sa 24:25; 1Ch 11:22, as a descriptive or perhaps a family name of two lion-like men of Moab. In another sense, Ezekiel applies it to the altar of God, Eze 43:15, and Isaiah to Jerusalem, as the hearth on which both the burnt offerings and the enemies of God should be consumed, Isa 29:1,2,7. See also Ge 49:9.

and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
וְכָל־ve.khol and all H3605 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
every single one
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
צֹבֶ֙יהָ֙tzo.Vei.ha [those who] wage war against it H6633 Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To serve or go to war, this term is used to describe assembling for battle or serving at the sacred tent. It can also mean to fight or perform a duty, and is used in various biblical contexts to describe military or religious service.
Amplified meaning
fight, assemble for battle
Tyndale gloss
to serve
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָבָא (tsaba') is a Hebrew verb meaning to wage war or serve, particularly in the context of military action or religious duties at a sacred tent. It encompasses the ideas of assembling, fighting, and performing tasks. The entries highlight its use in both Qal and Hiphil forms, with a focus on warfare and service.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָבָא] vb. wage war, serve

Qal

wage war, fight

serve at sacred tent

Hiph. muster

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6633 [צָבָא] wage war, serve .. wage war, fight

. serve at sacred tent

. muster

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6633 tsaba' tsaw-baw'

a primitive root; to mass (an army or servants):--assemble,

fight, perform, muster, wait upon, war.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָבָא (tsa.va) — to serve.

1) to go forth, wage war, fight, serve

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wage war, fight, go forth to war

1a2) to serve (at sacred tent)

1b) (Hiphil) to cause to go forth, muster

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
HVqrmpc/Sp3fs
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
וּמְצֹ֣דָתָ֔הּu.me.Tzo.da.Tah and stronghold its H4685 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Matsod is a stronghold or fortress, like a tower or bulwark, providing protection and defense, as described in 2 Samuel 22:51. It is a safe and secure place.
Amplified meaning
shutting her in with their towers, besieging
Tyndale gloss
siegework
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָצוֹד (matsowd) refers to a range of concepts including siege-works, hunting implements like nets, and strongholds. It is built from the root meaning to capture or ensnare. The entries indicate that it can denote both a physical net for catching animals and a fortified position. Notably, the lexicons mention its use in Ecclesiastes 9:14.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָצוֹד] n.m. in pl., dub., usu. siege-works;—Ec 9:14

ref

[מָצוֹד] n.[m.] hunting implement, specif. net

base

מְצוֹדָה n.f. net

base

[מְצוֹדָה] n.f. fastness, stronghold

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4685a מָצוֹד in pl., dub., usu. siege-works H4685b מָצוֹד hunting implement H4685c מְצוֹדָה net H4685d מְצוֹדָה fastness, stronghold

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4685 matsowd maw-tsode'

or (feminine) mtsowdah {mets-o-daw'}; or mtsodah

{mets-o-daw'}; from 6679; a net (for capturing animals or

fishes):--also (by interchange for 4679) a fastness or

(beseiging) tower:--bulwark, hold, munition, net, snare.

see HEBREW for 06679

see HEBREW for 04679

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — siegework.

siege-works, bulwark

מָצוֹד (ma.tsod) — net.

hunting implement, net

Also means: me.tso.dah (מְצוֹדָה "net" H4685C)

מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — net.

net

Another spelling of ma.tsod (מָצוֹד "net" H4685B)

מְצוֹדָה (me.tso.dah) — stronghold.

fastness, stronghold

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HC/Ncfsc/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
וְהַמְּצִיקִ֖יםve.ha.me.tzi.Kim and those [who] bring distress H6693 Conjunction · particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To press means to squeeze or compress something. It can also mean to oppress or distress someone, making their situation difficult or hard to bear. This word is used to describe a challenging or tough circumstance.
Amplified meaning
pressing, oppressing
Tyndale gloss
to press
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צוּק (tsuq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to press or constrain. It conveys a sense of oppression or distress, often used in contexts where someone is brought into straits or compressed. The entries highlight its figurative use in distressing situations, particularly in the Hiphil form, which emphasizes the act of constraining or oppressing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צוּק] vb. Hiph. constrain, bring into straits, press upon

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6693 צוּק constrain, bring into straits, press upon

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6693 tsuwq tsook

a primitive root; to compress, i.e. (figuratively) oppress,

distress:--constrain, distress, lie sore, (op-)press(-or),

straiten.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צוּק (tsuq) — to press.

(Hiphil) to constrain, press, bring into straits, straiten, oppress

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Art | V-Hiphil — Conjunction · particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine plural
HC/Td/Vhrmpa
and it will be like a dream a vision of [the] night [the] multitude of all the nations which wage war on Ariel and all [those who] wage war against it and stronghold its and those [who] bring distress to it
לָֽהּ׃Lah to it H9034 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָ (ha) — her.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3fs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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