Isaiah 17:5 — Word Study
WLCוְהָיָ֗ה כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙ קָצִ֣יר קָמָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ שִׁבֳּלִ֣ים יִקְצ֑וֹר וְהָיָ֛ה כִּמְלַקֵּ֥ט שִׁבֳּלִ֖ים בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃
BSAashâyâh the reaperqâtsîyr [harvestman, gatherer] gathersʼâçaph the standing grainqâmâh [mature crops, growth] and harvestsqâtsar▸ [reaps, cuts down] ◂the earsshibbôl [Shibboleth, flowing stream or grain] with his armzᵉrôwaʻ [strength, force] as one gleanslâqaṭ [picks up, gathers] ◂heads of grainshibbôl [Shibboleth, ear of grain] in the Valleyʻêmeq [lowland area] of Rephaimrâphâʼ [Rapha, a group of giants]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהָיָ֗ה | and it will be | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙ | like [the] gathering of | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| קָצִ֣יר | a harvest of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| קָמָ֔ה | standing grain | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וּזְרֹע֖וֹ | and arm his | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| שִׁבֳּלִ֣ים | ears of grain | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| יִקְצ֑וֹר | someone will reap | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וְהָיָ֛ה | and it will be | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| כִּמְלַקֵּ֥ט | like [one who] gathers | Preposition, verb piel participle (active) masculine singular |
| שִׁבֳּלִ֖ים | ears of grain | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| בְּעֵ֥מֶק | in [the] valley of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| רְפָאִֽים׃ | Rephaim | Noun gentilic, both plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | as the reaper gathers the standing grain and harvests the ears with his arm, as one gleans heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim. |
| KJV | And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim. |
| ASV | And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the standing grain, and his arm reapeth the ears; yea, it shall be as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim. |
| YLT | And it hath come to pass, As the gathering by the reaper of the standing corn, And his arm the ears reapeth, And it hath come to pass, As the gathering of the ears in the valley of Rephaim, |
| WEB | It will be like when the harvester gathers the wheat, and his arm reaps the grain. Yes, it will be like when one gleans grain in the valley of Rephaim. |
| BBE | And it will be like a man cutting the growth of his grain, pulling together the heads of the grain with his arm; even as when they get in the grain in the valley of Rephaim. |
Where they part company is in the choice of verbs related to harvesting — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is supported by additional phrases that elaborate on the actions of gathering and the context of the gleaning.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectקָצִיר
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 17:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy Against Damascusgenerated
Isaiah 17:5 depicts a vivid agricultural metaphor to illustrate the gathering of the people of Israel, akin to a reaper collecting the harvest. This image is set against a backdrop of impending judgment, where the splendor of Jacob fades. The Valley of Rephaim serves as a geographical reference, connecting the prophecy to a specific location known for its historical significance. The surrounding verses highlight the consequences of turning away from God and the hope that remains even in judgment.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 9:22 | Declare that this is what the LORD says: “The corpses of men will fall like dung upon the open field, like newly cut grain behind the reaper, with no one to gather it.” |
| 2 | Jeremiah 51:33 | For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “The Daughter of Babylon is like a threshing floor at the time it is trampled. In just a little while her harvest time will come.” |
| 3 | Hosea 6:11 | Also for you, O Judah, a harvest is appointed, when I restore My people from captivity. |
| 4 | Joel 3:13 | Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full; the wine vats overflow because their wickedness is great. |
| 5 | Matthew 13:30–39 | Let both grow together until the harvest. At that time I will tell the harvesters: First collect the weeds and tie them in bundles to be burned; then gather the wheat into my barn.’” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁבֹּלֶת, shi.bo.Limgenerated
The Hebrew word שִׁבֹּלֶת (shibbolet) refers to both an ear of grain and a flowing stream. This dual meaning emphasizes the themes of growth and sustenance, as well as the idea of distinguishing characteristics, as seen in its use as a password in biblical narratives.
In this verse, it signifies the harvest, representing both the physical act of gathering and the spiritual implications of God's judgment and mercy. The word is in the masculine plural form, indicating multiple ears of grain, which aligns with the imagery of abundance in harvest.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יִקְצ֑וֹר (yik.Tzor), meaning 'someone will reap,' governs the sentence, with several phrases detailing the action and its context. The structure emphasizes the sequential actions of gathering and reaping, illustrating the process of harvest.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of the reaper and the standing grain, highlighting the agricultural metaphor central to the verse's message.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שִׁבֹּלֶת as σταξύων, which carries the meaning of 'ear of grain.' This choice aligns with the agricultural context of the verse, reinforcing the imagery of gathering.
The Greek rendering reflects a consistent understanding of the harvest metaphor, maintaining the original's emphasis on the act of gathering and the implications of judgment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 17:5 uses the image of a reaper gathering grain to describe a time of judgment for Jacob. The verse highlights the act of harvesting and the remnants that remain, emphasizing both loss and the potential for future growth.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The harvesting imagery represents God's judgment on Israel, as well as the hope that remains for restoration.
The Valley of Rephaim serves as a geographical reference, linking the prophecy to a specific location known for its historical significance.
The word שִׁבֹּלֶת refers to both an ear of grain and a flowing stream, symbolizing growth and sustenance.
The surrounding verses discuss the fading splendor of Jacob and the consequences of turning away from God, framing this verse within a broader message of judgment and hope.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the imagery of harvest resonate with experiences of growth and loss in my own life?
- What does it mean to me that God uses agricultural metaphors to convey spiritual truths?
- In what ways can I recognize the remnants of hope in difficult circumstances?
- How can I apply the lessons of gathering and reaping in my relationships and community?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Jerome comments on this verse, interpreting the gathering of harvest as a metaphor for God's judgment and mercy.
And it shall be like one gathering in the harvest what remains, and his arm shall gather the ears: and it shall be like one seeking the ears in the Valley of Raphaim.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 17 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 17:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn,.... The "standing" corn, as in the Hebrew text: "and reapeth the ears with his arm"; or "his arm reaps the ears" (o); that is, with one hand
Read John Gill on Isaiah 17 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim. It shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 17 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleReapeth the ears with his arm; taking care, as far as may be, that all may be gathered in, and nothing left. So shall the whole body of the ten tribes be carried away captive, some few gleanings only being left of them, as it is in the harvest. The valley of Rephaim; a very fruitful place near Jerusalem, 18:16.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 17 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 17:5 And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.Ver. 5. And it shall be as when the harvest man.] Their utter captivity is set forth by three lively similitudes, for better assurance, a very small remnant only left in the land. This by some ancients is alleged to show how few shall be saved - surely not one of ten thousand, said Simeon. And before him Chrysostom, How many, think you, shall be saved in this city of Antioch? Though there be so many thousands of you, yet there cannot be found a hundred that shall enter into God’ s kingdom, and I doubt much of those too…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 17 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(5) And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn.—The work of devastation is described under another image. The conqueror shall plunder the cities of Israel as the reaper cuts off the ears of corn. With his usual Dantesque vividness the prophet localises the imagery. The valley of Rephaim, or, as in Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:16, “of the giants,” lay to the south-west of Jerusalem in the direction of Bethlehem. It was famous for its fertility, and was often on that account attacked by the Philistines, who came to carry off its crops (2 Samuel 23:13). The prophet had looked on the reaper’s work and had seen in it a parable of that of the Assyrian invader.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 17 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. As when the harvestman gathereth - "As when one gathereth"] That is, the king of Assyria shall sweep away the whole body of the people, as the reaper strippeth off the whole crop of corn; and the remnant shall be no more in proportion than the scattered ears left to the gleaner. The valley of Rephaim near Jerusalem was celebrated for its plentiful harvest; it is here used poetically for any fruitful country. One MS., and one ancient edition, has באסף beesoph, "IN gathering," instead of כאסף keesoph, "AS the gathering."
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 17 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges5. The succeeding pictures are exceedingly graphic,—an evidence of Isaiah’s intense interest in rural life. The reaper gathers the stalks of wheat with one hand and with the other cuts off the ears close to the head. and it shall be … Rephaim] Render as R.V. and it shall be as when one gleaneth ears, &c. See Rth 2:2; Rth 2:7; Rth 2:15 ff. The clause might perhaps be read as the beginning of Isa 17:6; one simile passing insensibly into another. The “valley of Rephaim,” (=“valley of the giants,”) Joshua 15:8; Joshua 18:16 (cf. 2 Samuel 5:18; 2 Samuel 5:22; 2 Samuel 23:13),—a fertile plain to the south of Jerusalem where Isaiah had watched the reapers and gleaners at work.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 17 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd it shall be ... - This is the other figure by which the prophet sets forth the calamities that were coming upon Ephraim - an image designed to denote the fact that the inhabitants and wealth of
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
as the reaper gathers the standing grain and harvests the ears with his arm, as one gleans heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.
It will be like when the harvester gathers the wheat, and his arm reaps the grain. Yes, it will be like when one gleans grain in the valley of Rephaim.
as the reaper gathers the standing grain and harvests the ears with his arm, as one gleans heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.
It will be as when one gathers the grain harvest, and his hand gleans the ear of grain. It will be like one gathering the ears of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.
Tyndale line
And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the standing grain, and his arm reapeth the ears; yea, it shall be as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the standing corn, and his arm reapeth the ears; yea, it shall be as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
And it shall be as when the harvest-man gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
And it shalbe as when the haruest man gathereth the corne, and reapeth the eares with his arme, and he shall be as he that gathereth the eares in the valley of Rephaim.
Strictly literal
And it shall be as when the reaper gathereth the corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; yea, it shall be as he that gathereth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
And it hath come to pass, As the gathering by the reaper of the standing corn, And his arm the ears reapeth, And it hath come to pass, As the gathering of the ears in the valley of Rephaim,
And it has come to pass, || As the gathering of the standing grain by the reaper, || And his arm reaps the ears, || And it has come to pass, || As the gathering of the ears in the Valley of Rephaim,
And it shall be as when the harvestman gathereth the standing-corn, and reapeth the ears with his arm; and it shall be as when one gleaneth ears in the valley of Rephaim.
It will be as when a harvester gathers the standing grain, and his arm reaps the heads of grain. It will be as when one gleans heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.
From the Latin
And it shall be as when one gathereth in the harvest that which remaineth, and his arm shall gather the ears of corn: and it shall be as he that seeketh ears in the vale of Raphaim.
Simplified
It will look as empty as fields after reapers have harvested the grain, gathering up the grain in their arms. It will be like when people pick the heads of grain in the Valley of Rephaim.
And it will be like a man cutting the growth of his grain, pulling together the heads of the grain with his arm; even as when they get in the grain in the valley of Rephaim.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and the Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaa all agree on the wording of this verse, with the Hebrew text preserved across these witnesses. The consistency across these texts indicates a stable tradition of this prophecy.
וְהָיָ֗ה כֶּֽאֱסֹף֙ קָצִ֣יר קָמָ֔ה וּזְרֹע֖וֹ שִׁבֳּלִ֣ים יִקְצ֑וֹר וְהָיָ֛ה כִּמְלַקֵּ֥ט שִׁבֳּלִ֖ים בְּעֵ֥מֶק רְפָאִֽים׃
12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
והיה כאסף קציר קמה וזרע׳ו שבלים וקציר והיה כמלקט שבלים בעמק רפאים
12 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 17:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
אָסַף (acaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gather or remove. It encompasses a range of actions including collecting, assembling, and withdrawing. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like gathering individuals or being gathered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
אָסַף 209 vb. gather, remove
Qal
gather, collect
gather an individual into company of others
bring up the rear of
gather and take away, remove, withdraw
Niph.
assemble, be gathered, reflex.
pass. of Qal 2
Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish
Pi.
gather harvest
take in, receive into
as subst. rearguard, rearward
Pu. be gathered, of men
Hithp. gather themselves
base
H622 אָסַף gather, remove
622 'acaph aw-saf'
a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to
receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put
up, restore, etc.):--assemble, bring, consume, destroy,
felch, gather (in, together, up again), X generally, get
(him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from
leprosy), (be) rereward, X surely, take (away, into, up), X
utterly, withdraw.
אָסַף (a.saph) — to gather.
1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to gather, collect
1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others)
1a3) to bring up the rear
1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to assemble, be gathered
1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2)
1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers
1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others)
1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4)
1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to gather (harvest)
1c2) to take in, receive into
1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst)
1d) (Pual) to be gathered
1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קָצִיר (qatsiyr) refers to the act of harvesting or the harvest itself, encompassing the process, the crop, and the time of harvest. It can also denote boughs or branches of trees. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to sever,' indicating its connection to reaping.
קָצִיר n.m. harvesting, harvest
process of harvesting
what is reaped, harvested, crop
time of harvest
base
קָצִיר n.m. usually coll., boughs, branches
base
H7105a קָצִיר harvesting, harvest H7105b קָצִיר usually coll., boughs, branches
7105 qatsiyr kaw-tseer'
from 7114; severed, i.e. harvest (as reaped), the crop, the
time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb (of a tree, or
simply foliage):--bough, branch, harvest (man).
see HEBREW for 07114
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — harvest.
1) harvest, harvesting
1a) process of harvesting
1b) crop, what is harvested or reaped
1c) time of harvest
קָצִיר (qa.tsir) — foliage.
boughs, branches
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קָמָה (qamah) refers to standing grain, specifically a stalk of grain that has grown upright. It is derived from a feminine form of the active participle of the root meaning 'to rise.' The term is consistently defined across entries, emphasizing its agricultural context.
קָמָה n.f. standing grain
base
H7054 קָמָה standing grain
7054 qamah kuw-maw'
feminine of active participle of 6965; something that rises,
i.e. a stalk of grain:--(standing) corn, grown up, stalk.
see HEBREW for 06965
קָמָה (qa.mah) — standing grain.
standing grain
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.
זְרוֹעַ (z'roa) refers to an arm or shoulder, often symbolizing strength. It can denote the physical arm, the shoulder of a sacrificed animal, or military and political forces. The word is derived from a root meaning to stretch out, indicating both physical and metaphorical strength.
זְרוֹעַ, זְרֹעַ n.f. and (rare) m. arm, shoulder, strength
arm
arm, as symbol of strength
Pl. forces, political and military
Shoulder of animal sacrificed, belonging to priest
base
H2220 זְרוֹעַ, זְרֹעַ arm, shoulder, strength . arm
. arm, as symbol of strength
. Pl. forces, political and military
. Shoulder of animal sacrificed, belonging to priest
2220 zrowa` zer-o'-ah
or (shortened) zroao {zer-o'-ah}; and (feminine) zrowpah
{zer-o-aw'}; or zrowah {zer-o-aw'}; from 2232; the arm (as
stretched out), or (of animals) the foreleg; figuratively,
force:--arm, + help, mighty, power, shoulder, strength.
see HEBREW for 02232
זְרוֹעַ (ze.ro.a) — arm.
1) arm, forearm, shoulder, strength
1a) arm
1b) arm (as symbol of strength)
1c) forces (political and military)
1d) shoulder (of animal sacrificed)
Conj | N-cs | Suff — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp3ms
The Hebrew word שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (*shibbolet*) has two primary meanings: 'flowing stream' and 'ear of grain.' It is derived from a root that suggests both water and growth. The term is also noted for its use as a password in biblical contexts. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. flowing stream
base
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. ear of grain
base
H7641a שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת flowing stream H7641b שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת ear of grain
7641 shibbol shib-bole
or (feminine) shibboleth {shib-bo'-leth}; from the same as
7640; a stream (as flowing); also an ear of grain (as growing
out); by analogy, a branch:--branch, channel, ear (of corn),
((water-))flood, Shibboleth. Compare 5451.
see HEBREW for 07640
see HEBREW for 05451
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — stream.
flowing stream
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — ear.
1) ear (of grain), head of grain
1a) as growing
1b) cluster
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — Euphrates.
This name means ear (of grain), cluster
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — Shibboleth.
means: growing ear (of grain), flowing stream
used as a password
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.
קָצֵר (qatsar) is a Hebrew word that primarily means 'to be short' or 'to reap.' It is built from a primitive root that conveys the idea of curtailing or harvesting, applicable in both literal and figurative contexts. The entries indicate that it can express feelings of impatience or grief, as well as the act of harvesting crops.
[קָצֵר], I. קָצַר vb. be short
Qal be short
Pi. shorten
Hiph. id.
base
[קָצַר] vb. reap, harvest
H7114a קָצֵר, קָצַר be short H7114b קָצַר reap, harvest
7114 qatsar kaw-tsar'
a primitive root; to dock off, i.e. curtail (transitive or
intransitive, literal or figurative); especially to harvest
(grass or grain):--X at all, cut down, much discouraged,
grieve, harvestman, lothe, mourn, reap(-er), (be, wax)
short(-en, -er), straiten, trouble, vex.
קָצֵר (qa.tser) — be short.
1) to be short, be impatient, be vexed, be grieved
1a) (Qal) to be short
1b) (Piel) to shorten
1c) (Hiphil) to shorten
קָצַר (qa.tsar) — to reap.
1) to reap, harvest
1a) (Qal) to reap, harvest
1b) (Hiphil) to reap, harvest
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Hc/Vqq3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
לָקַט (laqat) means to pick up or gather, specifically referring to the act of gleaning. It has various forms, including Qal (to gather), Piel (to collect or gather up), and Pual (to be picked up). The entries highlight its use in contexts of gathering, both in agriculture and in collecting money.
[לָקַט] vb. pick or gather up, specif. glean
Qal
pick up, gather
specif. glean
Pi.
gather, gather up
fig. collect (money)
specif. glean
Pu. ye shall be picked up
Hithp. and there collected themselves worthless men unto Jephthah
base
H3950 לָקַט pick or gather up, specif. glean
3950 laqat law-kat'
a primitive root; properly, to pick up, i.e. (generally) to
gather; specifically, to glean:--gather (up), glean.
לָקַט (la.qat) — to gather.
1) to pick up, gather, glean, gather up
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pick up, gather
1a2) to glean
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to gather, gather up
1b2) to collect (money)
1b3) to glean
1c) (Pual) to be picked up
1d) (Hithpael) to collect oneself
Prep | V-Piel — Preposition · verb piel participle (active) masculine singularHR/Vprmsa
The Hebrew word שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (*shibbolet*) has two primary meanings: 'flowing stream' and 'ear of grain.' It is derived from a root that suggests both water and growth. The term is also noted for its use as a password in biblical contexts. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. flowing stream
base
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת n.f. ear of grain
base
H7641a שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת flowing stream H7641b שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת ear of grain
7641 shibbol shib-bole
or (feminine) shibboleth {shib-bo'-leth}; from the same as
7640; a stream (as flowing); also an ear of grain (as growing
out); by analogy, a branch:--branch, channel, ear (of corn),
((water-))flood, Shibboleth. Compare 5451.
see HEBREW for 07640
see HEBREW for 05451
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — stream.
flowing stream
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — ear.
1) ear (of grain), head of grain
1a) as growing
1b) cluster
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — Euphrates.
This name means ear (of grain), cluster
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
שִׁבֹּ֫לֶת (shib.bol) — Shibboleth.
means: growing ear (of grain), flowing stream
used as a password
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
gran.
See AGRICULTURE; GARNER.
Grain
Used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31, of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37, of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.
See CORN.
The Hebrew word עֵ֫מֶק (*'emeq*) means 'vale' or 'valley,' indicating a broad depression in the landscape. It is derived from the root meaning 'deepening' or 'depth.' This term is often used in proper names, such as the Valley of Achor and the Valley of Elah, and covers a range of valleys and lowlands mentioned in the Old Testament.
עֵ֫מֶק 70 n.m. vale (prop. deepening, depth)
base
H6010 עֵ֫מֶק vale (prop. deepening, depth)
6010 `emeq ay'-mek
from 6009; a vale (i.e. broad depression):--dale, vale,
valley (often used as a part of proper names). See also 1025.
see HEBREW for 06009
see HEBREW for 01025
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Achor).
Combined with a.khor (עָכוֹר " of Achor" H5911)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Beracah).
Combined with be.ra.khah (בְּרָכָה " of Beracah" H1294H)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Elah).
Combined with e.lah (אֵלָה "Elah" H0425L)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Emek.
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Hebron).
Combined with chev.ron (חֶבְרוֹן " of Hebron" H2275H)
§ valley, vale, lowland, open country
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Topheth).
valley, vale, lowland, open country
Another name of to.phet (תֹּ֫פֶת "Topheth" H8612)
עֵ֫מֶק (e.meq) — Valley (of Jezreel).
Combined with yiz.re.el (יִזְרְעֶאל " of Jezreel" H3157L)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רָפָה (rapha') refers to a giant, specifically associated with the Rephaim, an ancient race of giants mentioned in the Old Testament. The term encompasses both the individual Rapha and the collective Rephaim, who are described as descendants of Rapha. The entries highlight the connection to invigorating or healing, but primarily focus on the notion of giants.
רָפָה, רָפָא as n.pr.m. Hā-Rāphā
base
רְפָאִים n.pr.gent. old race of giants
base
H7497a רָפָה, רָפָא Hā-Rāphā H7497b רְפָאִים n. pr. gent. old race of giants
7497 rapha' raw-faw'
or raphah {raw-faw'}; from 7495 in the sense of invigorating;
a giant:--giant, Rapha, Rephaim(-s). See also 1051.
see HEBREW for 07495
see HEBREW for 01051
רָפָה (ra.pah) — Rapha.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.21.16;
father of: Goliath (H1555), Ishbi-benob (H3430), Saph (H5593), Lahmi (H3902), huge_man (H4060A); also translated "giant";
Also named: re.pha.im (רְפָאִים "Raphaite" H7497H)
§ giant, Rephah
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — Rephaim.
1) giants, Rephaim
1a) old tribe of giants
2) People descended from Repha(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.5
Also named: zam.zom (זַמְזֻמִּים "Zamzummin" H2157)
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — (Valley of) Rephaim.
Combined with e.meq (עֵ֫מֶק " Valley" H6010P)
This name means giants,
רְפָאִים (re.pha.im) — Raphaite.
Descendants from Rapha, who lived at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.21.16;
father of: Goliath (H1555), Ishbi-benob (H3430), Saph (H5593), Lahmi (H3902), huge_man (H4060A); also translated "giant";
N-proper — Noun gentilic · both plural absoluteHNgbpa
ref'-a-im, re-fa'-im (repha'-im, from rapha', "a terrible one "hence "giant," in 1Ch 20:4, yelidhe ha-rapha', "sons of the giant"; the King James Version, Rephaims): A race of aboriginal or early inhabitants East of the Jordan in Ashterothkarnaim (Ge 14:5) and in the valley of Rephaim Southwest of Jerusalem (Jos 15:8). They associated with other giant races, as the Emim and Anakim (De 2:10,11) and the Zamzummim (De 2:20). It is probable that they were all of the same stock, being given different names by the different tribes who came in contact with them. The same Hebrew word is rendered "the dead," or "the shades" in…
Rephaim
Lofty men; giants, (Gen. 14:5; 2 Sam. 21:16, 18, marg. A.V., Rapha, marg. R.V., Raphah; Deut. 3:13, R.V.; A.V., “giants”). The aborigines of Palestine, afterwards conquered and dispossessed by the Canaanite tribes, are classed under this general title. They were known to the Moabites as Emim, i.e., “fearful”, (Deut. 2:11), and to the Ammonites as Zamzummim. Some of them found refuge among the Philistines, and were still existing in the days of David. We know nothing of their origin. They were not necessarily connected with the “giants” (R.V., “Nephilim”) of Gen. 6:4. (See GIANTS.)
[GIANTS]
The Hebrew word is used in two distinct significations.
1. REPHAIM is used to comprehend all the gigantic races of the Canaanites, of whom there were several families. There were Rephaim beyond Jordan, at Ashtaroth Karnaim, in the time of Abraham, Ge 14:5; also some in the time of Moses. Og king of Bashan was of the Rephaim. In the time of Joshua, some of their descendants dwelt in the land of Canaan, Jos 12:4 17:15, and we hear of them in David’s time, in the city of Gath, 1Ch 20:4-6. The giant Goliath and others were the remains of the Rephaim, or of the kindred family of Anakim. Their magnitude and strength are often spoken of in Scripture. They appear to have excelled in violence and crime, and hence are monuments of divine…
