Isaiah 17:2 — Word Study
WLCעֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃
BSAThe citiesʻîyr [towns, settlements] of AroerʻĂrôwʻêr [a place of ruins] are forsakenʻâzab [abandoned, left to decay] they will be lefthâyâh▸ [given over, entrusted] to the flocksʻêder [herds, groups of animals] which will lie downrâbats [rest, stretch out] with no oneʼayin [nothing, none] to fearchârad [make them afraid, terrorize them]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֲזֻב֖וֹת | [will be] abandoned | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine plural |
| עָרֵ֣י | [the] cities of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| עֲרֹעֵ֑ר | Aroer | Noun proper |
| לַעֲדָרִ֣ים | for flocks | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| וְרָבְצ֖וּ | and they will lie down | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person common plural |
| וְאֵ֥ין | and there not | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מַחֲרִֽיד׃ | [will be one who] terrifies | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear. |
| KJV | The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. |
| ASV | The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. |
| YLT | Forsaken are the cities of Aroer, For droves they are, and they have lain down, And there is none troubling. |
| WEB | The cities of Aroer are forsaken. They will be for flocks, which shall lie down, and no one shall make them afraid. |
| BBE | Her towns are unpeopled for ever; there the flocks take their rest in peace, without fear. |
Where they part company is עֲזֻב֖וֹת — see How Translations Differ.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by two subordinate clauses, detailing the state of Aroer and the condition of the flocks.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectחָרַד
verbעָזַב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 17:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Burden Against Damascusgenerated
Isaiah 17:2 describes the abandonment of Aroer, a city that will become desolate. The prophecy illustrates a broader judgment against Damascus and its surrounding regions, indicating a time of desolation and fearlessness for the flocks that will inhabit the forsaken cities. This imagery evokes a sense of loss and transformation, as the once-bustling cities are left to decay, now serving as pastures for animals.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 32:34 | And the Gadites built up Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 2:36 | From Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the valley, even as far as Gilead, not one city had walls too high for us. The LORD our God gave us all of them. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 3:12 | So at that time we took possession of this land. To the Reubenites and Gadites I gave the land beyond Aroer along the Arnon Valley, and half the hill country of Gilead, along with its cities. |
| 4 | Joshua 13:16 | The territory from Aroer on the rim of the Arnon Valley, along with the city in the middle of the valley, to the whole plateau beyond Medeba, |
| 5 | Jeremiah 48:19 | Stand by the road and watch, O dweller of Aroer! Ask the man fleeing or the woman escaping, ‘What has happened?’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֲזֻב֖וֹת, a.zu.Votgenerated
The word עֲזֻב֖וֹת (azuvot) is a passive participle form of the verb עָזַב (azab), meaning to abandon or forsake. It conveys the sense of being left behind or neglected, emphasizing the state of desolation.
This term captures the emotional weight of abandonment, suggesting not only physical desolation but also a spiritual or communal loss. In this context, the cities of Aroer are depicted as forsaken places, highlighting the consequences of judgment.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses forsaken for עֲזֻב֖וֹת.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the sentence is תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה (they will be), which governs the structure of the verse. It connects the subject, עָרֵ֣י (the cities), to the predicate describing their state.
The sentence is structured with a noun phrase as the subject, followed by a series of clauses that detail the condition of the cities and the flocks. This arrangement emphasizes the abandonment and the resulting tranquility for the animals.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֲזֻב֖וֹת as καταλελειμμένη, meaning left behind or abandoned. This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the sense of desolation.
The LXX captures the essence of the Hebrew text, reinforcing the theme of forsakenness and the resulting peace for the flocks.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 17:2 tells us that the cities of Aroer are abandoned, left to the flocks that will lie down without fear. This verse illustrates a time of desolation for the cities, now a place of rest for animals.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the cities are abandoned and left to decay, highlighting a significant loss and desolation.
The flocks symbolize a new form of life in the desolate cities, representing peace and tranquility in a place once bustling with human activity.
Aroer serves as a representation of judgment against cities that have fallen into ruin, emphasizing the consequences of divine judgment.
It reflects the themes of judgment and restoration, showing how desolation can lead to a new state of existence, as seen through the flocks that will inhabit the forsaken cities.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the abandonment of Aroer teach us about the consequences of turning away from God?
- How can we find peace in places or situations that feel desolate or abandoned?
- In what ways can we see God's hand at work in times of judgment and restoration?
- What lessons can we learn from the imagery of flocks resting in forsaken cities?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 17:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe cities of Aroer are forsaken,.... The inhabitants of them being slain, or carried captive, or obliged to flee.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 17 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. The cities of Aroer - i:e., the cities round about Aroer, and under its jurisdiction (Gesenius).
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 17 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe cities of Aroer; of that part of Syria called Aroer, from a great city of that name; of which see 3:12. These cities were possessed by the Reubenites and Gadites, whom Tiglath-pileser carried into captivity, . These he mentions here, as he doth Ephraim in the next verse, because they were confederate with Syria against Judah. None shall make them afraid, because the land shall be desolate, and destitute of men who might disturb them.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 17 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 17:2 The cities of Aroer [are] forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make [them] afraid.Ver. 2. The cities of Aroer are forsaken,] i.e., The country beyond Jordan is desolated and depopulated - the Gadites and the Reubenites being also, together with the Syrians, carried captive by Tiglathpileser.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 17 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. The cities of Aroer are forsaken - "The cities are deserted for ever"] What has Aroer on the river Arnon to do with Damascus? and if there be another Aroer on the northern border of the tribe of Gad, as Reland seems to think there might be, this is not much more to the purpose. Besides, the cities of Aroer, if Aroer itself is a city, makes no good sense. The Septuagint, for ערער aroer, read עדי עד adey ad, ειςτοναιωνα, for ever, or for a long duration. The Chaldee takes the word for a verb from ערה arah, translating it חרבו cherebu, devastabuntur, "they shall be wasted." The Syriac read עדועיר adoeir. So that the reading is very doubtful. I follow the Septuagint as making the…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 17 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. The cities of Aroer] Hardly, “the (two) cities Aroer” (gen. of appos.), as a name for the trans-Jordanic territory. If Aroer be really a proper name, the phrase must be explained by the analogy of Jos 13:17 “the daughter cities of A.” But where was Aroer? The best-known town of the name, that on the Arnon (Numbers 32:34; Deuteronomy 2:36, &c.), is much too far south and belonged to Moab. There seems to have been another in Ammon (Joshua 13:25), but it too is outside the territory of Damascus and can scarcely have been important enough to give its name to a district. We must either assume an unknown Aroer in Syria, or take the word in an appellative sense (“the ruined cities are…
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 17 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe cities of Aroer - By “Aroer” here seems to be meant a tract or region of country pertaining to Damascus, in which were situated several cities.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 17 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible2. Cities of Aroer — Cities round about “Aroer,” and under its jurisdiction. (Gesenius.) Aroer was a small territory not far south from Damascus.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Isaiah 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken. They will be for flocks, which shall lie down, and no one shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they will be left to the flocks, which will lie down with no one to fear.
The cities of Aroer are abandoned. They will be used for herds, which will lie down there in peace.
Tyndale line
The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer shall be forsaken: they shall be for the flockes: for they shall lye there, and none shall make them afraide.
Strictly literal
The cities of Aroer are forsaken: they shall be for flocks; and they shall lie down and there shall be none to make them afraid.
Forsaken are the cities of Aroer, For droves they are, and they have lain down, And there is none troubling.
The cities of Aroer are forsaken, || They are for droves, and they have lain down, || And there is none troubling.
Forsaken are the cities of 'Aro'er: they shall be [given up] to flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
The cities of Aroer will be abandoned. They will be places for flocks to lie down, and no one will frighten them.
From the Latin
The cities of Aroer shall be left for flocks, and they shall rest there, and there shall be none to make them afraid.
Simplified
The towns of Aroer will be abandoned. Flocks will live in the streets and rest there, because there won't be anyone to chase them away.
Her towns are unpeopled for ever; there the flocks take their rest in peace, without fear.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Dead Sea Scrolls — 1Qisaa agree in wording, affirming the state of abandonment of Aroer. The Septuagint, however, presents a different word order and lacks a complete match with the Hebrew.
עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃
3 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עזובות ערי עורערו לעדרים תהינה ורבצו ואין מחריד
8 words on the leather.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 17:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָזַב (azab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to leave, forsake, or let loose. It encompasses a range of actions from abandoning or neglecting to setting free. The entries suggest it can also imply restoration or repair, though this aspect is less emphasized. Notably, the term can describe both active and passive states, such as being forsaken or deserted.
עָזַב 213 vb. leave, forsake, loose
Qal
leave, c. acc.
leave, abandon, forsake
let loose, set free, let go
Niph.
be left to
be forsaken, of house of God
H5800a עָזַב leave, forsake, loose .. leave, c. acc.
. leave, abandon, forsake
. let loose, set free, let go
. . be left to
. be forsaken, of house of God
. (or Qal pass.) be deserted, of city
H5800b עָזַב restore, repair(?)
5800 `azab aw-zab'
a primitive root; to loosen, i.e. relinquish, permit,
etc.:--commit self, fail, forsake, fortify, help, leave
(destitute, off), refuse, X surely.
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: forsake.
1) to leave, loose, forsake
1a) (Qal) to leave
1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone
1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise
1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be left to
1b2) to be forsaken
1c) (Pual) to be deserted
עָזַב (a.zav) — to restore.
1) to restore, repair
1a) (Qal) to repair
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: release.
1) to leave, loose, forsake
1a) (Qal) to leave
1a1) to depart from, leave behind, leave, let alone
1a2) to leave, abandon, forsake, neglect, apostatise
1a3) to let loose, set free, let go, free
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be left to
1b2) to be forsaken
1c) (Pual) to be deserted
עָזַב (a.zav) — Forsaken.
This name means to restore, repair
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
עָזַב (a.zav) — to leave: neglect.
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine pluralHVqsfpa
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֲרֹעֵר (Aroer) refers to a city name meaning "ruins". It denotes three locations: one on the northern bank of the Arnon River, another near Rabbah in Ammon, and a third in southern Judah. The entries suggest a geographical significance in the context of ancient Israelite territory.
עֲרֹעֵר 10, עֲרוֹעֵר 5, עַרְעֹר 1 n.pr.loc.
city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.
city near Rabbah in Ammon
city in S. Judah
base
H6177 עֲרֹעֵר, עֲרוֹעֵר, עַרְעֹר . city on N. bank of Arnon, S. limit of E. Jordan Isr.
. city near Rabbah in Ammon
. city in S. Judah
6177 `Arow`er ar-o-ayr'
or `Aro`er {ar-o-ayr'}; or `Ar`owr {ar-ore'}; the same as
6176; nudity of situation; Aroer, the name of three places in
or near Palestine:--Aroer.
see HEBREW for 06176
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
Aroer = "ruins"
a city in Ammon near the Jabbok belonging to Gad
Also named: a.ro.e.ri (עֲרֹעֵרִי "Aroerite" H6200)
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
§ Aroer = "ruins"
a city on the north bank of the river Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon the king of the Amorites and later of Reuben; modern 'Arair'
עֲרֹעֵר (a.ro.er) — Aroer.
§ Aroer = "ruins"
a town in southern Judah
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
a-ro'-er (`aro'er; Aroer):
(1) A city of the Amorites which stood on the northern edge of the Arnon (De 2:36, etc.). Taken by Israel, it shared the vicissitudes of the country north of the river, and when last named (Jer 48:19) is again in the hands of Moab. It is one of the cities which Mesha claims to have built, i.e. fortified. It was within the territory allotted to Reuben, yet its building (fortification) is attributed to Gad (Nu 32:34). Thus far came the Syrian, Hazael, in his raid upon Israel (2Ki 10:33). The Roman road across the valley lay about an hour to the West of Khirbet `Ara`ir.
Aroer
Ruins. (1.) A town on the north bank of the Arnon (Deut. 4:48; Judg. 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33), the southern boundary of the kingdom of Sihon (Josh. 12:2). It is now called Arair, 13 miles west of the Dead Sea.
(2.) One of the towns built by the tribe of Gad (Num. 32:34) “before Rabbah” (Josh. 13:25), the Ammonite capital. It was famous in the history of Jephthah (Judg. 11:33) and of David (2 Sam. 24:5). (Comp.
(ruins). A city on the torrent Arnon, the southern point of the territory of Sihon king of the Amorites and afterwards of the tribe of Reuben, (2:36; 3:12; 4:48; Joshua 12:2; 13:9,16; Judges 11:26; 2 Kings 10:33; 1 Chronicles 5:8) but later again in possession of Moab. (Jeremiah 48:19) It is the modern Ara’ir , upon the very edge of the precipitous north bank of the Wady Mojeb . Aroer, "that is ’facing’ Rahbah" (Rabbah of Ammon), a town built by and belonging to Gad. (Numbers 32:34; Joshua 13:25;
1. An ancient city on the north side of the Arnon, in the southern border of the tribe of Reuben, De 2:36 4:48 Jos 13:9. It was in the territory of the Amorites, Jos 12:2, but seems to have fallen at a later day into the hands of Moab, Jer 48:19. See ARNON.
2. A town in the tribe of God, probably east of Rabbath-Ammon, Jos 13:25, and perhaps on the Jabbok, 2Sa 24:5. It is mentioned in Jud 11:33
עֵ֫דֶר (eder) refers to a flock or herd of animals. It is derived from a root meaning to arrange or muster, indicating a gathering of livestock. The term encompasses both flocks and herds, highlighting its use in contexts related to groups of animals.
עֵ֫דֶר n.m. flock, herd
base
H5739 עֵ֫דֶר flock, herd
5739 `eder ay'-der
from 5737; an arrangement, i.e. muster (of animals):--drove,
flock, herd.
see HEBREW for 05737
עֵ֫דֶר (e.der) — flock.
1) flock, herd
1a) flock
1b) herds, flocks and herds
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHR/Ncmpa
See SHEEP.
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralHVqi3fp
רָבַץ (rabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to stretch out or lie down. It encompasses actions like reclining, brooding, or lurking, and can imply causing something to lie down as well. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.
רָבַץ vb. stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
Qal lie down, lie
Hiph. cause to lie down, or lie
base
H7257 רָבַץ stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
7257 rabats raw-bats'
a primitive root; to crouch (on all four legs folded, like a
recumbent animal); be implication, to recline, repose, brood,
lurk, imbed:--crouch (down), fall down, make a fold, lay,
(cause to, make to) lie (down), make to rest, sit.
רָבַץ (ra.vats) — to stretch.
1) to stretch oneself out, lie down, lie stretched out
1a) (Qal) to lie down, lie
1b)(Hiphil) to cause to lie down
1b1) laying (stones)
Conj | V-Qal-3cp — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person common pluralHc/Vqq3cp
אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.
אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought
to nothing, as nothing
cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
in circumst. clauses
with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
with prefixes
base
H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing
. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not
. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not
. in circumst. clauses
. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …
. with prefixes
369 'ayin ah'-yin
as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not
exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative
particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,
in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,
thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),
well-nigh, without. Compare 370.
see HEBREW for 0370
אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.
1) nothing, not, nought n
1a) nothing, nought neg
1b) not
1c) to have not (of possession) adv
1d) without w/prep
1e) for lack of
Conj | Part — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
חָרַד (charad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tremble or be terrified. It encompasses a range of meanings, including trembling of both people and mountains, being anxiously careful, and causing others to tremble, particularly in the context of driving an army in terror. The entries suggest a strong emphasis on fear and anxiety.
חָרַד vb. tremble, be terrified
Qal
tremble, quake
tremble, of persons
be anxiously careful
with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling
Hiph. drive in terror, rout as army
base
H2729 חָרַד tremble, be terrified .. tremble, quake
. tremble, of persons
. be anxiously careful
. with preps. pregn. = go or come trembling
. drive in terror, rout as army
2729 charad khaw-rad'
a primitive root; to shudder with terror; hence, to fear;
also to hasten (with anxiety):--be (make) afraid, be careful,
discomfit, fray (away), quake, tremble.
חָרַד (cha.rad) — to tremble.
1) to tremble, quake, move about, be afraid, be startled, be terrified
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to tremble, quake (of a mountain)
1a2) to tremble (of people)
1a3) to be anxiously careful
1a4) to go or come trembling (with prep)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to cause to tremble
1b2) to drive in terror, rout (an army)
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singularHVhrmsa
