Isaiah 17:12 — Word Study
WLCה֗וֹי הֲמוֹן֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמ֥וֹת יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁא֣וֹן לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁא֛וֹן מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃
BSAAlashôwy [Woe, a cry of sorrow] the tumulthâmôwn [uproar, chaotic noise] of manyrab [numerous, a large multitude] peoplesʻam [nations, communities] they ragehâmâh [roar, make a loud noise] like the roaringhâmâh▸ [crashing, tumultuous] seasyâm [large bodies of water] and clamoringshâʼôwn [rushing, turbulent] nationslᵉʼôm [countries, peoples] they rumbleshâʼôwn [resound, make a loud sound] like the crashingshâʼâh▸ [rushing, overflowing] of mightykabbîyr [powerful, strong] watersmayim [rivers, oceans]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| ה֗וֹי | woe to! | Particle |
| הֲמוֹן֙ | [the] tumult of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עַמִּ֣ים | peoples | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| רַבִּ֔ים | many | Adj |
| כַּהֲמ֥וֹת | as roar | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| יַמִּ֖ים | [the] seas | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| יֶהֱמָי֑וּן | they roar ! | Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
| וּשְׁא֣וֹן | and [the] uproar of | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct |
| לְאֻמִּ֔ים | nations | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כִּשְׁא֛וֹן | like [the] uproar of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מַ֥יִם | waters | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כַּבִּירִ֖ים | mighty | Adj |
| יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃ | they are in an uproar ! | Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters. |
| KJV | ¶ Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters! |
| ASV | Ah, the uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters! |
| YLT | Woe [to] the multitude of many peoples, As the sounding of seas they sound; And [to] the wasting of nations, As the wasting of mighty waters they are wasted. |
| WEB | Ah, the uproar of many peoples who roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations that rush like the rushing of mighty waters! |
| BBE | Ah! the voice of peoples, like the loud sounding of the seas, and the thundering of great nations rushing on like the bursting out of waters! |
Where they part company is כַּבִּירִ֖ים — see How Translations Differ.
The verse is structured with a main clause followed by three comparative clauses, emphasizing the chaotic nature of the nations.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיָם
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 17:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Prophecy Against Damascusgenerated
Isaiah 17:12 portrays the distress of many peoples who are in an uproar, likening their tumult to the roaring seas. This imagery emphasizes the overwhelming nature of their chaos and the impending judgment they face. The surrounding verses highlight the futility of their strength against divine authority, as seen in the context of the larger prophetic narrative concerning Damascus and its fate.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 9:5 | For every trampling boot of battle and every garment rolled in blood will be burned as fuel for the fire. |
| 2 | Isaiah 5:26–30 | He lifts a banner for the distant nations and whistles for those at the ends of the earth. Behold—how speedily and swiftly they come! |
| 3 | Isaiah 8:7–8 | the Lord will surely bring against them the mighty floodwaters of the Euphrates — the king of Assyria and all his pomp. It will overflow its channels and overrun its banks. |
| 4 | Isaiah 28:17 | I will make justice the measuring line and righteousness the level. Hail will sweep away your refuge of lies, and water will flood your hiding place. |
| 5 | Psalm 18:4 | The cords of death encompassed me; the torrents of chaos overwhelmed me. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 13 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הוֹי, Hogenerated
The word הוֹי (hoy) is an interjection expressing dissatisfaction and pain, often translated as 'ah,' 'alas,' or 'woe.' It conveys a sense of lament or regret, indicating strong emotions tied to sorrowful events.
In this verse, it sets the tone for the lamentation over the tumult of the nations, marking the beginning of a prophetic declaration of woe.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB has Alas, and so do the KJV and the ASV: all three maintain the emotional weight of הוֹי.
Where others part company with the BSB they part company over the rendering of כַּבִּירִ֖ים. Mighty (ASV, BSB, KJV) aligns with the traditional sense, while powerful (NETB) introduces a slight variation in nuance.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יֶהֱמָי֑וּן, they roar, which governs the description of the tumultuous nations. The structure emphasizes the chaos by using similes to compare their uproar to the roaring seas.
The Hebrew word order places the interjection הוֹי first, highlighting the emotional lament before describing the tumult and its characteristics.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הוֹי as οὐαὶ (ouai), which carries a similar expression of woe and sorrow, indicating a consistent emotional tone across translations.
The choice of πλῆθος for הָמוֹן suggests a focus on the multitude aspect of the tumult, emphasizing the overwhelming nature of the nations' uproar.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 17:12 expresses a cry of woe over the chaotic uproar of many peoples, comparing their rage to the tumult of roaring seas. This imagery captures the overwhelming nature of their turmoil, reflecting the broader themes of judgment and divine authority in Isaiah's prophecies.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The term 'woe' indicates a deep lament or sorrow over the chaotic state of the nations, highlighting the emotional weight of the prophecy.
The imagery of roaring seas conveys the overwhelming and uncontrollable nature of the nations' uproar, emphasizing their powerlessness against divine judgment.
Comparing nations to the seas illustrates their tumultuous and chaotic behavior, suggesting that just as seas can be powerful and destructive, so too can the nations in their rebellion.
Lamentation serves to express the gravity of the situation and the impending judgment, often calling the audience to reflect on their own state and the consequences of their actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see chaos in the world around me, similar to the tumult described in this verse?
- How can I respond to the distress of nations with compassion and understanding, rather than indifference?
- What lessons can I learn from the imagery of the seas when considering my own life and the challenges I face?
- How does this verse encourage me to reflect on the power of God over the tumultuous events of history?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church writings reflect on this passage, often interpreting it as a lament over the nations' rebellion against God and foreshadowing judgment.
Those who believe that the captivity of Damascus discussed above was inflicted by the Romans also refer what is written here to the time of Christ and the apostles: “People will bow to their Creator,Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 17 →
Woe to the multitude of many peoples, as the sound of the roaring sea: and the tumult of nations, like the sound of many waters.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 17 →
Woe to the multitude of many peoples, like the roaring of the sea, and the tumult of the nations, they shall make a sound like the noise of many waters.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 17 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 17:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWoe to the multitude of many people,..... Not as lamenting the people of the Jews with Hezekiah, as if they were the words of the prophet bemoaning their condition, saying, "O the multitude", c.
Read John Gill on Isaiah 17 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWoe to the multitude of many people which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 17 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThis is a new prophecy, added for the present support and comfort of God’ s people. The multitude of many people, combined together against Judah. It matters not whether you understand this of the Syrians and Israelites who were united against Judah, or of the Assyrians, whose army consisted of vast numbers, and of men of several nations. The following words agree to either of them. Which make a noise like the noise of the seas; which invade my land and people with great force and fury, as the sea doth, either in its own channel, or when it enters into the land by a breach.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 17 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 17:12 Woe to the multitude of many people, [which] make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, [that] make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!Ver. 12. Woe to the multitude of many people.] Met to make up Sennacherib’ s army. Or, Oh the multitude, &c. The prophet wondereth, as it were, at the huge multitude of the enemies, and their horrible noise. Like the rushing of many waters.] Ob impetum et fremitum. Mihi hoc loco admirantis videtur. - Oecolamp.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 17 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Woe to the multitude of many people.—The three Isaiah 17:12-14 stand as an isolated fragment, probably placed here as beginning like Isaiah 18:1. They may have been connected with the progress of Sennacherib’s army. In the “rushing of mighty waters” to describe the march of an army we have a parallel to Isaiah 8:7-8.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 17 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. Wo to the multitude] The three last verses of this chapter seem to have no relation to the foregoing prophecy, to which they are joined. It is a beautiful piece, standing singly and by itself; for neither has it any connexion with what follows: whether it stands in its right place, or not, I cannot say. It is a noble description of the formidable invasion and the sudden overthrow of Sennacherib; which is intimated in the strongest terms and the most expressive images, exactly suitable to the event. Like the rushing of mighty waters!] Five words, three at the end of the twelfth verse, and two at the beginning of the thirteenth, are omitted in eight MSS., with the Syriac; that is…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 17 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesCh. Isaiah 17:12-14. The sudden annihilation of the AssyriansThese verses are regarded by some critics as the continuation of ch. Isaiah 17:1-11, by others as the introduction to ch. 18. Since the reference here is undoubtedly to the Assyrians, the first view has nothing to commend it, the transition being too sudden and abrupt. The second view, in spite of identity of subject and a certain similarity in form with ch. 18, is also improbable because of the well-marked conclusion in Isaiah 17:14 and the completeness of ch. 18 in itself. It is better, therefore, to treat the passage as a short independent oracle springing from the same historical situation as the following chapter.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 17 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWo to the multitude ... - The word ‘woe’ (הוי hôy) may be either an interjection simply directing the attention to them, or it may be a word indicating approaching calamity and judgment (see the note at Isaiah 5:6).
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters.
Ah, the uproar of many peoples who roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!
Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters.
The many nations massing together are as good as dead, those who make a commotion as loud as the roaring of the sea’s waves. The people making such an uproar are as good as dead, those who make an uproar as loud as the roaring of powerful waves.
Tyndale line
¶ Woe to the multitude of many people, which make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!
Ah, the uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!
Ah, the uproar of many peoples, which roar like the roaring of the seas; and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!
Woe to the multitude of many people, who make a noise like the noise of the seas; and to the rushing of nations, that make a rushing like the rushing of mighty waters!
Ah, the multitude of many people, they shall make a sounde like the noyse of the sea: for the noyse of the people shall make a sounde like the noyse of mightie waters.
Strictly literal
Ha! a tumult of many peoples! they make a noise as the noise of the seas; — and the rushing of nations! they rush as the rushing of mighty waters.
Woe [to] the multitude of many peoples, As the sounding of seas they sound; And [to] the wasting of nations, As the wasting of mighty waters they are wasted.
Woe [to] the multitude of many peoples, || They sound as the sounding of seas; And the roaring of nations, || As the roaring of mighty waters [that] make a crashing.
Woe to the raging of many people, who rage like the raging of the seas; and to the noise of nations, that make a noise like the roar of mighty waters!
Woe! The uproar of many peoples, that roar like the roaring of the seas, and the rushing of nations, that rush like the rushing of mighty waters!
From the Latin
Woe to the multitude of many people, like the multitude of the roaring sea: and the tumult of crowds, like the noise of many waters.
Simplified
Disaster is coming to the many nations that growl, growling like the raging sea! Disaster is coming to the peoples who roar, roaring like thundering waters!
Ah! the voice of peoples, like the loud sounding of the seas, and the thundering of great nations rushing on like the bursting out of waters!
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, with the majority of words matching across these witnesses. The variations noted in the scrolls primarily involve restored words, indicating the preservation of the core message.
ה֗וֹי הֲמוֹן֙ עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים כַּהֲמ֥וֹת יַמִּ֖ים יֶהֱמָי֑וּן וּשְׁא֣וֹן לְאֻמִּ֔ים כִּשְׁא֛וֹן מַ֥יִם כַּבִּירִ֖ים יִשָּׁאֽוּן׃
12 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הוי המון עמים רבים כהמות ימים יהמיו׳ן ושאון לאומים כשאון מים כבדים ושאון
13 words on the leather.
[הוי] [המון] עמים רבים [כהמות] [ימים] [יהמיו׳ן] [ושאון] [לאמים] [כשאון] [מים] [כבירים] [ישאו׳ן]
2 words on the leather — 11 supplied entire by an editor.
[הוי] [המון] [עמים] [רבים] [כהמות] ימים יהמיו׳ן ושאון [לאמים] [כשאון] [מים] [כבירים] [ישאו׳ן]
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 17:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הוֹי (hoy) is an interjection expressing dissatisfaction and pain, often translated as 'ah,' 'alas,' or 'woe.' It is used in lamentations and conveys a sense of sorrow or distress. The word is a prolonged form of another Hebrew term, indicating its emotional weight.
הוֹי 81 interj. expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas, Ha (not distinctly Woe!) used in lamentations
base
H1945 הוֹי expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas, Ha (not distinctly Woe!) used in lamentations
1945 howy hoh'ee
a prolonged form of 1930 (akin to 188); oh!:--ah, alas, ho,
O, woe.
see HEBREW for 01930
see HEBREW for 0188
הוֹי (hoy) — woe!.
ah!, alas!, ha!, ho!, O!, woe!
Part — ParticleHTj
Is sometimes used in our Bibles where a softer expression would be at least equally proper: "Woe to such a one!" is in our language a threat or imprecation of some calamity, natural or judicial, to befall a person; but this is not always the meaning of the word in Scripture. We find the expression, "Woe is me!" that is, Alas for my sufferings! And, "Woe to the women with child, and those who give suck!" that is, Alas for their redoubled sufferings in times of distress! If in the denunciatory language of Christ, we should read, "Alas for thee, Chorazin! Alas for thee, Bethsaida!" we should do not injustice to the general sentiments of the passage.
Yet in many cases the word woe is used in a fuller and more awful sense, expressing an inspired denunciation and foreshadowing of God’s wrath upon sinners; as when we read, "Woe to those who build houses by unrighteousness, and cities by blood;"…
הָמוֹן (hamown) refers to a sound or noise, encompassing meanings like murmur, roar, tumult, and crowd. It also conveys concepts of abundance and wealth. The verb form הָמַן (haman) means to rage or be turbulent. The entries highlight a range of uses, from describing a multitude to expressing confusion or disquiet.
הָמוֹן n.m. sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance
sound, murmur, rush, roar
tumult, confusion (as occasioning a roar)
crowd, multitude
great number, abundance (late)
abundance, wealth
base
[הָמַן] vb. rage, be turbulent
base
H1995a הָמוֹן sound, murmur, roar, crowd, abundance H1995b הָמַן rage, be turbulent
1995 hamown haw-mone'
or hamon (Ezek. 5:7) {haw-mone'}; from 1993; a noise, tumult,
crowd; also disquietude, wealth:--abundance, company, many,
multitude, multiply, noise, riches, rumbling, sounding, store,
tumult.
see HEBREW for 01993
הָמוֹן (ha.mon) — crowd.
1) murmur, roar, crowd, abundance, tumult, sound
1a) sound, murmur, rush, roar
1b) tumult, confusion
1c) crowd, multitude
1d) great number, abundance
1e) abundance, wealth
הָמַן (ha.man) — be turbulent.
to rage, be turbulent
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עַם (am) primarily means 'people' or 'nation,' referring to a collective group, often in the context of tribes such as those of Israel. It can also denote kinsmen or compatriots. The term appears in various contexts, including military and familial references. There is a mention of a specific individual named Ammi in Song of Solomon 6:12.
עַם, עָם 1810 n.m. people
a people, nation
= smaller units
= common people
people in gen., persons
phrases
base
[עַם] n.[m.] kinsman (on father's side)
base
H5971a עַם, עָם people H5971b עַם kinsman (on father's side)
5971 `am am
from 6004; a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a
tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or
attendants; figuratively, a flock:--folk, men, nation,
people.
see HEBREW for 06004
עַם (am) — people.
: people/nation
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — kinsman.
kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Ammi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — People's (Gate).
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — (Ibleam)-am.
Combined with yiv.le.am (יִבְלְעָם "Ibleam" H2991)
§ kinsman, kindred
עַם (am) — Amaw.
This name means nation, people
עַם (am) — people: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
עַם (am) — people: creatures.
: creatures
1) nation, people
1a) people, nation
1b) persons, members of one's people, compatriots, country-men
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
רַב (rav) means much, many, or great, often used in contrast to מְעַט (me'at). It can describe abundance in quantity or rank and is also used as a noun for chief or captain. The word conveys a range of meanings from numerous to exceedingly, and it can function as both an adjective and a noun.
רַב 429 adj. much, many, great
(oft. opp. מְעַט)
much: of substances
esp. of collectives, numerous
pl. many
רַב as subst. coll. pers.
cstr. = abounding in
מִן comp. = more numerous than
רַב = abundant, enough
as adv. much, exceedingly
less oft. great
base
רַב 49 n.m. chief
base
H7227a רַב much, many, great . (oft. opp. מְעַט) . . much: of substances
. esp. of collectives, numerous
. pl. many
. רַב as subst. coll. pers.
. cstr. = abounding in
. + מִן comp. = more numerous than
. רַב = abundant, enough
. as adv. much, exceedingly
. less oft. great
H7227b רַב chief
7227 rab rab
by contracted from 7231; abundant (in quantity, size, age,
number, rank, quality):--(in) abound(-undance, -ant, -antly),
captain, elder, enough, exceedingly, full, great(-ly, man,
one), increase, long (enough, (time)), (do, have) many(-ifold,
things, a time), ((ship-))master, mighty, more, (too, very)
much, multiply(-tude), officer, often(-times), plenteous,
populous, prince, process (of time), suffice(-lent).
see HEBREW for 07231
רַב (rav) — many.
adj
1) much, many, great
1a) much
1b) many
1c) abounding in
1d) more numerous than
1e) abundant, enough
1f) great
1g) strong
1h) greater than
adv
1i) much, exceedingly
רַב (rav) — chief.
captain, chief
Aramaic equivalent: rav.re.van (רַבְרְבָן "noble" H7261)
רַב (rav) — (Sidon) the Great.
Combined with tsi.don (צִידוֹן "Sidon" H6721H)
§ captain, chief
Adj — AdjHAampa
MANY, adjective men'ny.
1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.
Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17:4.
Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1:26.
MANY are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:12.
It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.
As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.
So many laws argue so many sins.
It is followed by as.
As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34:1.
It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.
Full many a gem of purest ray serene.
2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.
MANY, noun men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.
O thou fond many
The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.
הָמָה (hamah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to murmur, growl, or roar, and it conveys a sense of loudness or tumult. It can refer to various forms of noise and commotion, including being boisterous or troubled. The entries suggest a range of meanings from making noise to being in a state of uproar, with some nuances in emotional expression, such as mourning or prayer.
[הָמָה] vb. murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
Qal
growl like a dog
murmur, fig. of soul in discouragement
roar, of waves
be in commotion, stir
be boisterous, turbulent
base
H1993 [הָמָה] murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
1993 hamah haw-maw'
a primitive root (compare 1949); to make a loud sound like
Engl. "hum"); by implication, to be in great commotion or
tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor:--clamorous, concourse, cry
aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise,
rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be
in an uproar.
see HEBREW for 01949
הָמָה (ha.mah) — to roar.
1) to murmur, growl, roar, cry aloud, mourn, rage, sound, make noise, tumult, be clamorous, be disquieted, be loud, be moved, be troubled, be in an uproar
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to growl
1a2) to murmur (fig. of a soul in prayer)
1a3) to roar
1a4) to be in a stir, be in a commotion
1a5) to be boisterous, be turbulent
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.
יָם 390 n.m. sea
base
H3220 יָם sea
3220 yam yawm
from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in
noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the
article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or
an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the
south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,
side, -ward).
יָם (yam) — sea.
: sea
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — sea: west.
: west
1) sea
1a) Mediterranean Sea
1b) Red Sea
1c) Dead Sea
1d) Sea of Galilee
1e) sea (general)
1f) mighty river (Nile)
1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)
1h) seaward, west, westward
יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.
This name means sea, seaward, westward
Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
הָמָה (hamah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to murmur, growl, or roar, and it conveys a sense of loudness or tumult. It can refer to various forms of noise and commotion, including being boisterous or troubled. The entries suggest a range of meanings from making noise to being in a state of uproar, with some nuances in emotional expression, such as mourning or prayer.
[הָמָה] vb. murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
Qal
growl like a dog
murmur, fig. of soul in discouragement
roar, of waves
be in commotion, stir
be boisterous, turbulent
base
H1993 [הָמָה] murmur, growl, roar, be boisterous
1993 hamah haw-maw'
a primitive root (compare 1949); to make a loud sound like
Engl. "hum"); by implication, to be in great commotion or
tumult, to rage, war, moan, clamor:--clamorous, concourse, cry
aloud, be disquieted, loud, mourn, be moved, make a noise,
rage, roar, sound, be troubled, make in tumult, tumultuous, be
in an uproar.
see HEBREW for 01949
הָמָה (ha.mah) — to roar.
1) to murmur, growl, roar, cry aloud, mourn, rage, sound, make noise, tumult, be clamorous, be disquieted, be loud, be moved, be troubled, be in an uproar
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to growl
1a2) to murmur (fig. of a soul in prayer)
1a3) to roar
1a4) to be in a stir, be in a commotion
1a5) to be boisterous, be turbulent
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb qal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVqi3mp/Sn
שָׁאוֹן (sha'own) refers to a loud noise or uproar, often associated with water or crowds. It encompasses meanings like roar, din, and tumult, suggesting a sense of chaos or destruction. The word is derived from a root that implies rushing or noise, highlighting its connection to loud, disruptive sounds.
שָׁאוֹן n.m. roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
base
H7588 שָׁאוֹן roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
7588 sha'own shaw-one'
from 7582; uproar (as of rushing); by implication,
destruction:--X horrible, noise, pomp, rushing, tumult
(X -uous).
see HEBREW for 07582
שָׁאוֹן (sha.on) — roar.
1) roar, din, crash, uproar
1a) roar (of water)
1b) uproar (of revellers)
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular constructHC/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
לְאֹם, transliterated as lom, refers to a 'people' or 'nation.' It is derived from an unused root meaning to gather, indicating a sense of community. The term is noted as chiefly late in usage according to Brown-Driver-Briggs.
לְאֹם, לְאוֹם n.m. people, poet. and chiefly late
base
H3816 לְאֹם, לְאוֹם people, poet. and chiefly late
3816 lom leh-ome'
or l owm {leh-ome'}; from an unused root meaning to gather; a
community:--nation, people.
לְאֹם (le.om) — people.
a people, nation
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
na'-shunz.
See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.
שָׁאוֹן (sha'own) refers to a loud noise or uproar, often associated with water or crowds. It encompasses meanings like roar, din, and tumult, suggesting a sense of chaos or destruction. The word is derived from a root that implies rushing or noise, highlighting its connection to loud, disruptive sounds.
שָׁאוֹן n.m. roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
base
H7588 שָׁאוֹן roar (of waters, etc.), din, crash, uproar
7588 sha'own shaw-one'
from 7582; uproar (as of rushing); by implication,
destruction:--X horrible, noise, pomp, rushing, tumult
(X -uous).
see HEBREW for 07582
שָׁאוֹן (sha.on) — roar.
1) roar, din, crash, uproar
1a) roar (of water)
1b) uproar (of revellers)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.
[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
base
H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water
4325 mayim mah'-yim
dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);
water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+
piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).
מַי (ma.yim) — water.
1) water, waters
1a) water
1b) water of the feet, urine
1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)
מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).
This name means water, refreshment
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.
The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…
כַּבִּיר (kabbiyr) means great, mighty, or powerful, and can also refer to something vast in extent or number. It is derived from a root that conveys strength and age. The term appears in poetic contexts, emphasizing its significance in describing might or abundance.
כַּבִּיר adj. great, mighty, much, only poet.
base
H3524 כַּבִּיר great, mighty, much, only poet.
3524 kabbiyr kab-beer'
from 3527; vast, whether in extent (figuratively, of power,
mighty; of time, aged), or in number, many:--+ feeble, mighty,
most, much, strong, valiant.
see HEBREW for 03527
כַּבִּיר (kab.bir) — mighty.
mighty, great, powerful, many, much
Adj — AdjHAampa
שָׁאָה (sha'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to crash or make a din, often associated with destruction and desolation. It can refer to cities crashing into ruins or the ground becoming desolate. The verb has different forms: Qal (to crash), Niphal (to be ruined), and Hiphil (to cause to crash).
[שָׁאָה] vb. make a din or crash, crash into ruins
Qal until cities have crashed into ruins
Niph. usu., and the ground be ruined into a desolation
Hiph. to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.
base
H7582 [שָׁאָה] make a din or crash, crash into ruins .until cities have crashed into ruins
. usu., and the ground be ruined into a desolation
. to cause … cities to crash into ruined heaps.
7582 sha'ah shaw-aw'
a primitive root; to rush; by implication, to desolate:--be
desolate, (make a) rush(-ing), (lay) waste.
שָׁאָה (sha.ah) — to crash.
1) crash, make a din or crash, crash into ruins, be in ruins, be desolated
1a) (Qal) to crash into ruins
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be ruined
1b2) to crash
1b3) to be left (a desolation)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to crash
1c2) to cause to be desolated
V-Niphal-Imperf-3mp | Suff — Verb niphal imperfect third person masculine plural · suffixHVNi3mp/Sn