Isaiah 14:11 — Word Study
WLCהוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃
BSAYour pompgâʼôwn [pride, majesty, or arrogance] has been brought downyârad■ [to go down, or descend] to Sheolshᵉʼôwl [the underworld, hell, or grave] along with the musichemyâh△ [sound, or noise] of your harpsnebel [stringed instruments, or viols] Maggotsrimmâh [worms] are your bedyatsaʻ▸ [place of rest, or laying] and wormstôwlâʻ [creatures that cover, or decay] your blanketmᵉkaççeh [covering, or shroud]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הוּרַ֥ד | it has been brought down | Verb, Hophal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| שְׁא֛וֹל | Sheol | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ | pride your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| הֶמְיַ֣ת | [the] sound of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| נְבָלֶ֑יךָ | lyres your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ | under you | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יֻצַּ֣ע | it is spread as a bed | Verb, Hophal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| רִמָּ֔ה | maggot[s] | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ | and coverings your | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃ | [are] worm[s] | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol, along with the music of your harps. Maggots are your bed and worms your blanket. |
| KJV | Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee. |
| ASV | Thy pomp is brought down to Sheol, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and worms cover thee. |
| YLT | Brought down to Sheol hath been thine excellency, The noise of thy psaltery, Under thee spread out hath been the worm, Yea, covering thee is the worm. |
| WEB | Your pomp is brought down to Sheol, with the sound of your stringed instruments. Maggots are spread out under you, and worms cover you. |
| BBE | Your pride has gone down into the underworld, and the noise of your instruments of music; the worms are under you, and your body is covered with them. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of שְׁאֹול — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by subordinate phrases, emphasizing the descent and its consequences.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectרִמָּה
verbיָרַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 10 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 14:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lament Over the Fall of Babylongenerated
Isaiah 14:11 depicts the dramatic downfall of a once-mighty figure, likely a metaphor for Babylon or a similar power. The passage emphasizes the transition from exaltation to humiliation, as the pride of the fallen is contrasted with their current state of decay. This theme resonates throughout the chapter, as seen in the surrounding verses, which further explore the consequences of arrogance and the ultimate fate of the proud.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 21:4–5 | My heart falters; fear makes me tremble. The twilight of my desire has turned to horror. |
| 2 | Isaiah 22:2 | O city of commotion, O town of revelry? Your slain did not die by the sword, nor were they killed in battle. |
| 3 | Job 21:11–15 | They send forth their little ones like a flock; their children skip about, |
| 4 | Ezekiel 26:13 | So I will silence the sound of your songs, and the music of your lyres will no longer be heard. |
| 5 | Ezekiel 32:19–20 | Whom do you surpass in beauty? Go down and be placed with the uncircumcised! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָרַד, hu.Radgenerated
The verb יָרַד (yarad) is a perfect passive participle, meaning 'it has been brought down.' It is derived from a root that conveys the idea of descending or going down, often used in contexts of physical descent or spiritual humiliation.
In this verse, it signifies the fall from a position of pride and power to a state of degradation, reinforcing the theme of downfall. The passive form indicates that this descent is not merely a self-inflicted action, but rather one that has been imposed.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb יָרַד, it has been brought down, and it is accompanied by several noun phrases: שְׁאֹול, to Sheol, and גְּאוֹנֶךָ, your pride. The structure emphasizes the descent into Sheol and the accompanying loss of glory.
The arrangement of the Hebrew words places significance on the verb at the beginning, establishing the action of descent as the focal point of the sentence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָרַד as κατέβη (katébē), which also means 'to go down.' This choice maintains the idea of descent but may suggest a more definitive action rather than a passive state.
The translation of שְׁאֹול as ᾅδου (Hades) indicates a connection to the Greek concept of the underworld, which aligns with the Hebrew understanding of Sheol as a place of the dead.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 14:11 describes how pride has been brought down to Sheol, the place of the dead. It says that the music of harps is gone, replaced by decay, as maggots and worms take the place of comfort. This verse starkly illustrates the consequences of pride and the inevitability of decay.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This suggests that the once-exalted pride of a ruler or nation has been humbled and is now in a state of decay and dishonor.
Maggots and worms symbolize decay and corruption, indicating the ultimate fate of those who are proud and arrogant.
The surrounding verses emphasize the fall of a once-great power, contrasting its former glory with its current state of humiliation and decay.
Sheol represents the underworld or grave, highlighting the finality of death and the absence of glory for the proud.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can pride lead to downfall in my own life?
- How can I recognize and address areas of arrogance in my character?
- What does this verse teach about the nature of true humility?
- How can I support others who may be struggling with pride?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 14:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThy pomp is brought down to the grave,.... Or "hell"; all the state and majesty in which he appeared, when sitting on the throne of his kingdom, with a glittering crown on his head, a sceptre in his
Read John Gill on Isaiah 14 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHell from beneath is moved for thee to meet thee at thy coming: it stirreth up the dead for thee, even all the chief ones of the earth; it hath raised up from their thrones all the kings of the nations.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 14 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThy pomp is brought down to the grave; all thy glory is lost and buried with thee. The noise of thy viols; all thy musical and melodious instruments, which were much used in Babylon, ,7,10, and were doubtless used in Belshazzar’ s solemn feast, , at which time the city was taken; to which possibly the prophet here alludes. The worm is spread under thee, instead of those rich and stately carpets upon which thou didst frequently tread.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 14 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 14:11 Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, [and] the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.Ver. 11. Thy pomp is brought down to the grave.] Ipsaque iusta sepulta iacent, funeral rites, those dues of the dead, are wanting to thee. This was fulfilled in Belshazzar, slain at his impious feast, while he profaned the vessels of God’ s house to quaff in to the honour of Shac, his drunken god, and had no doubt variety of music. See Jeremiah 51:39; Jeremiah 51:41; Jeremiah 51:47 Daniel 5:1; Daniel 5:30. The worm is spread under thee, and worms cover thee.] Pro linteamine tinea sternitur: pro lodice vermes superimponuntur. For sheets thou hast maggots…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 14 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) Thy pomp is brought down to the grave. Literally, to Sheol, as in Isaiah 14:9. The “pomp” is the same as the “beauty” of Isaiah 13:19. The noise of thy viols.—Perhaps harps, or cymbals, representing one of the prominent features of Babylonian culture (Daniel 3:5). The singers see, as it were, all this kingly state mouldering in the grave, maggots and worms (the two words are different in the Hebrew) taking the place of the costly shawls and carpets on which the great king had been wont to rest.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 14 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 11. Cover thee - "Thy covering."] Twenty-eight MSS. (ten ancient) of Kennicott's, thirty-nine of De Rossi's, twelve editions, with the Septuagint and Vulgate, read ומכסך umechassecha, in the singular number.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 14 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. It is doubtful whether this verse continues the address of the shades. It certainly does not extend further. For the grave read Sheol. the noise of thy viols] possibly indicating that the king had been cut down suddenly at a riotous feast (see Isaiah 21:5; Daniel 5). the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee] (The Heb. uses two distinct words for “worm.”) His lot is far worse than that of other potentates. No kingly throne is reserved for him in Sheol, but as one who has been denied honourable burial on earth (Isaiah 14:19) he is laid in the “recesses of the pit” (Isaiah 14:15) and makes his bed in corruption.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 14 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThy pomp - Thy magnificence (see the note at Isaiah 5:14). The noise of thy viols - Instruments of music were often used in their feasts; and the meaning here is, that instead of being surrounded
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 14 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol, along with the music of your harps. Maggots are your bed and worms your blanket.
Your pomp is brought down to Sheol, with the sound of your stringed instruments. Maggots are spread out under you, and worms cover you.
Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol, along with the music of your harps. Maggots are your bed and worms your blanket.
Your splendor has been brought down to Sheol, as well as the sound of your stringed instruments. You lie on a bed of maggots, with a blanket of worms over you.
Tyndale line
Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.
Thy pomp is brought down to Sheol, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and worms cover thee.
Thy pomp is brought down to hell, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and worms cover thee.
Thy pomp is brought down to the grave, and the noise of thy viols: the worm is spread under thee, and the worms cover thee.
Thy pompe is brought downe to ye graue, and the sounde of thy violes: the worme is spred vnder thee, and the wormes couer thee.
Strictly literal
— Thy pomp is brought down to Sheol, the noise of thy lyres: the maggot is spread under thee, and worms cover thee.
Brought down to Sheol hath been thine excellency, The noise of thy psaltery, Under thee spread out hath been the worm, Yea, covering thee is the worm.
Your excellence has been brought down to Sheol, || The noise of your stringed instruments, || The worm has been spread out under you, || Indeed, the worm is covering you.
Into the nether world is brought down thy pride, the clatter of thy psalteries: beneath thee is spread the worm, and thy cover is the moth.
Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol with the sound of your string instruments. Maggots are spread under you, and worms cover you.'
From the Latin
Thy pride is brought down to hell, thy carcass is fallen down: under thee shall the moth be strewed, and worms shall be thy covering.
Simplified
Your pride is now buried with you in the grave, along with the harp music you loved. Maggots are the bed you lie on, and worms are your blanket.’
Your pride has gone down into the underworld, and the noise of your instruments of music; the worms are under you, and your body is covered with them.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 14:11 reads: 'Your pomp has been brought down to Sheol, along with the music of your harps. Maggots are your bed and worms your blanket.' The Septuagint (LXX) aligns closely with the MT, matching 9 of the 10 words, although its word order and articles differ due to its Greek structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) also largely agree with the MT, preserving 9 words with one partially restored, while 4Q59 contains fewer words, with some restored and supplied by an editor. Overall, the main witnesses show a strong consistency with the MT, confirming its textual integrity in this verse.
הוּרַ֥ד שְׁא֛וֹל גְּאוֹנֶ֖ךָ הֶמְיַ֣ת נְבָלֶ֑יךָ תַּחְתֶּ֙יךָ֙ יֻצַּ֣ע רִמָּ֔ה וּמְכַסֶּ֖יךָ תּוֹלֵעָֽה׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הורד שאול גאונ׳ך המות נבלת׳ך תחתי׳ך יצע רמה ומכס׳ך תולעה
9 words on the leather — 1 partly restored.
[הורד] [שאול] גאונ׳ך המית נבלת׳ תחתי׳ך ע [רמה] [ומכסי׳ך] [תולעה]
3 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 14:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.
יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend
Qal 306
come or go down
go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
from Jerusalem
from altar
go down
= sink, in water
go down to She’ôl
fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
= be prostrated
of divine manifestations: descend
of inanimate things
Hiph.
cause to come or go down
bring down
send down rain = cause to flow down
= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
bring down to She’ôl
take down (from cart)
let down
Hoph.
be brought down
be taken down
base
H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down
. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle
. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor
. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt
. from Jerusalem
. from altar
. go down
. = sink, in water
. go down to She’ôl
. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears
. = be prostrated
. of divine manifestations: descend
. of inanimate things
. . cause to come or go down . bring down
. send down rain = cause to flow down
. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor
. bring down to She’ôl
. take down (from cart)
. let down
. . be brought down
. be taken down
3381 yarad yaw-rad'
a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or
conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,
the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to
bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,
bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,
fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X
indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,
let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.
יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.
1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go or come down
1a2) to sink
1a3) to be prostrated
1a4) to come down (of revelation)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to bring down
1b2) to send down
1b3) to take down
1b4) to lay prostrate
1b5) to let down
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought down
1c2) to be taken down
V-Hophal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hophal · perfect third person masculine singularHVHp3ms
שְׁאוֹל (sh'owl) refers to the underworld or the realm of the dead in Hebrew. It encompasses concepts such as hell, the grave, and a pit, often associated with punishment for the wicked and a place from which the righteous are not abandoned. The term implies a location of extreme degradation and is noted for its lack of praise for God.
שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל n.f. Shᵉ’ōl, underworld (√ dub.; i.e. place of inquiry)
base
H7585 שְׁאוֹל, שְׁאֹל Shᵉ’ōl, underworld (√ dub.; i.e. place of inquiry)
7585 sh'owl sheh-ole'
or shol {sheh-ole'}; from 7592; Hades or the world of the
dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories
and inmates:--grave, hell, pit.
see HEBREW for 07592
שְׁאוֹל (she.ol) — hell: Sheol.
Sheol, underworld, grave, hell, pit
1a) the underworld
1b) Sheol-the OT designation for the abode of the dead
1b1) place of no return
1b2) without praise of God
1b3) wicked sent there for punishment
1b4) righteous not abandoned to it
1b5) of the place of exile (fig)
1b6) of extreme degradation in sin
N-proper — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
she'-ol (she'ol):
1. The Name
2. The Abode of the Dead
(1) Not a State of Unconsciousness
(2) Not Removed from God's Jurisdiction
(3) Relation to Immortality
3. Post-canonical Period
1. The Name:
Sheol
(Heb., “the all-demanding world” = Gr. Hades, “the unknown region”), the invisible world of departed souls. (See HELL.)
→ See HELL (Hades)
גָּאוֹן (ga'own) refers to exaltation, majesty, and excellence, but can also imply pride in a negative sense. It is derived from the root associated with arrogance and includes connotations of both divine and national majesty, as well as references to the Jordan. The entries consistently highlight these meanings without significant disagreement.
גָּאוֹן n.m. exaltation
exaltation, majesty, excellence
pride (bad sense)
base
H1347 גָּאוֹן exaltation . exaltation, majesty, excellence
. pride (bad sense)
1347 ga'own gaw-ohn'
from 1342; the same as 1346:--arrogancy, excellency(-lent),
majesty, pomp, pride, proud, swelling.
see HEBREW for 01342
see HEBREW for 01346
גָּאוֹן (ga.on) — pride.
1) exaltation, majesty, pride
1a) majesty, exaltation, excellence
1a1) of nations
1a2) of God
1a3) of the Jordan
1b) pride, arrogance (bad sense)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
הֶמְיָה (hemyah) refers to sound or music, particularly in relation to instruments. It is derived from a root meaning 'noise' and is used in contexts like Isaiah 14:11. The entries consistently emphasize its association with sound and music.
[הֶמְיָה] n.f. sound, music, of instruments Is 14:11.
ref
H1998 [הֶמְיָה] sound, music, of instruments
1998 hemyah hem-yaw'
from 1993; sound:--noise.
see HEBREW for 01993
הֶמְיָה (hem.yah) — sound.
sound, music (of instruments)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נֵ֫בֶל (nevel) refers to both a container and a musical instrument. It can denote a skin-bottle or jar used for liquids, as well as a harp or lute. The word is derived from a root meaning to collapse, reflecting its use for a flexible container. The entries consistently highlight these two main meanings without significant disagreement.
נֵ֫בֶל n.m.
skin-bottle, skin
jar, pitcher
base
נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל n.m. a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
base
H5035a נֵ֫בֶל . skin-bottle, skin
. jar, pitcher
H5035b נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
5035 nebel neh'-bel
or nebel {nay'-bel}; from 5034; a skin-bag for liquids (from
collapsing when empty); hence, a vase (as similar in shape
when full); also a lyre (as having a body of like
form):--bottle, pitcher, psaltery, vessel, viol.
see HEBREW for 05034
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — bag.
1) a skin-bag, jar, pitcher
1a) skin-bottle, skin
1b) jar, pitcher (earthen)
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — harp.
harp, lute, guitar, musical instrument
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2ms
תַּחַת (tachath) refers to the concept of being underneath or below. It can function as a noun meaning 'the under part,' or as an adverb and preposition indicating position or substitution, such as 'instead of' or 'for the sake of.' The word encompasses various uses, including physical placement and metaphorical meanings related to subjection or exchange.
תַּחַת n.[m.] the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
base
H8478 תַּחַת the under part, hence as adv. accus. and prep. underneath, below, instead of
8478 tachath takh'-ath
from the same as 8430; the bottom (as depressed); only
adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix
underneath), in lieu of, etc.:--as, beneath, X flat,
in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead
of, under, X unto, X when...was mine, whereas, (where-)fore,
with.
see HEBREW for 08430
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: under.
: under/below
1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m
1a) the under part adv accus
1b) beneath prep
1c) under, beneath
1c1) at the foot of (idiom)
1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig)
1c3) of subjection or conquest
1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands
1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun)
1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense)
1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged)
conj
1e) instead of, instead of that
1f) in return for that, because that in compounds
1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion)
1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
תַּחַת (ta.chat) — underneath: instead.
: instead/in_place/exchange
HNcmpc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2ms
יָצַע (yatsa`) is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to lay or spread out. It appears in the Hiphil form, indicating an action of laying or spreading, and in the Hophal form, suggesting a state of being laid or spread. The word is associated with actions like making a bed or spreading a surface.
[יָצַע] vb. Hiph. lay, spread, late
Hiph. lay, spread out
Hoph. be laid, spread
base
H3331 יָצַע Hiph. lay, spread, late
3331 yatsa` yaw-tsah'
a primitive root; to strew as a surface:--make (one's) bed, X
lie, spread.
יָצַע (ya.tsa) — to lay.
1) to spread out, make a bed
1a) (Hiphil) to lay, spread out
1b) (Hophal) to be laid, be spread out
V-Hophal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hophal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVHi3ms
Bed
(Heb. mittah), for rest at night (Ex. 8:3; 1 Sam. 19:13, 15, 16, etc.); during sickness (Gen. 47:31; 48:2; 49:33, etc.); as a sofa for rest (1 Sam. 28:23; Amos 3:12). Another Hebrew word (er’es) so rendered denotes a canopied bed, or a bed with curtains (Deut. 3:11; Ps. 132:3), for sickness (Ps. 6:6; 41:3).
In the New Testament it denotes sometimes a litter with a coverlet (Matt. 9:2, 6;
The Jewish bed consisted of the mattress, a mere mat, or one or more quilts; the covering, a finer quilt, or sometimes the outer garment worn by day, (1 Samuel 19:13) which the law provided should not be kept in pledge after sunset, that the poor man might not lack his needful covering, (24:13) the pillow, (1 Samuel 19:13) probably formed of sheep’s fleece or goat’s skin with a stuffing of cotton, etc.; the bedstead, a divan or bench along the side or end of the room, sufficing at a support for the bedding. Besides we have bedsteads made of ivory, wood, etc. referred to in (3:11; Amos 6:4) The ornamental portions were pillars and a canopy, Judith 13:9, ivory carvings, gold and silver, and probably mosaic work, purple and fine…
In the East, is, and was anciently, a divan, or broad low step around the sides of a room, like a sofa, which answered to purpose of a sofa by day for reclining, and of a bed by night for sleeping, Ex 8:3 2Sa 4:5-7. Sometimes it was raised several steps above the floor, 2Ki 1:4 Ps 132:4. It was covered very differently, and with more or less ornament, according to the rank of owner of the house. The poor had but a simple mattress or sheepskin; or a cloak or blanked, which also answered to wrap themselves in by day, Ex 22:2 De 24:13. Hence it was easy for the persons…
רִמָּה (rimmah) refers to a worm or maggot, often associated with decay. The word is derived from a root meaning to breed, highlighting its rapid reproduction. It is noted in the context of decay in the Old Testament, emphasizing its role as a sign of deterioration.
רִמָּה n.f. worm (cause and sign of decay)
base
H7415 רִמָּה worm (cause and sign of decay)
7415 rimmah rim-maw'
from 7426 in the sense of breading (compare 7311); a maggot
(as rapidly bred), literally or figuratively:--worm.
see HEBREW for 07426
see HEBREW for 07311
רִמָּה (rim.mah) — worm.
maggot, worm (as cause and sign of decay)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
מְכַסֶּה (mkacceh) refers to a covering, such as a garment or a bed coverlet. It can also denote an awning for protection from the sun or the omentum, which covers the intestines. The word is built from the root meaning to cover and encompasses various forms of covering.
מְכַסֶּה n.m. covering
base
H4374 מְכַסֶּה covering
4374 mkacceh mek-as-seh'
from 3680; a covering, i.e. garment; specifically, a coverlet
(for a bed), an awning (from the sun); also the omentum (as
covering the intestines):--clothing, to cover, that which
covereth.
see HEBREW for 03680
מְכַסֶּה (me.khas.seh) — covering.
covering, that which covers
Conj | N-ms | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncmsc/Sp2ms
תּוֹלָע (towla') refers to a worm, specifically the crimson-grub from which scarlet dye is made. It can also denote scarlet stuff or crimson color derived from this worm. The feminine forms תּוֹלֵעָה (towle'ah) and תּוֹלַ֫עַת (tolai'ath) also mean worm. The entries indicate a connection between the worm and the dye used in textiles.
תּוֹלָע n.[m.] worm, scarlet stuff
base
תּוֹלֵעָה, תּוֹלַ֫עַת 40 n.f. worm
base
H8438a תּוֹלָע worm, scarlet stuff H8438b תּוֹלֵעָה, תּוֹלַ֫עַת worm
8438 towla` to-law'
and (feminine) towleoah {to-lay-aw'}; or towla ath
{to-lah'-ath}; or tolaiath {to-lah'-ath}; from 3216; a maggot
(as voracious); specifically (often with ellipsis of 8144) the
crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the color
from it, and cloths dyed therewith:--crimson, scarlet, worm.
see HEBREW for 03216
see HEBREW for 08144
תּוֹלָע (to.la) — worm.
1) worm, scarlet stuff, crimson
1a) worm-the female 'coccus ilicis'
1b) scarlet stuff, crimson, scarlet
1b1) the dye made from the dried body of the female of the worm "coccus ilicis"
Also means: to.le.ah (תּוֹלֵעָה "worm" H8438B)
תּוֹלֵעָה (to.le.ah) — worm.
1) worm, maggot
1a) worm, grub
1b) the worm "coccus ilicis"
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
