Hosea 7:4 — Word Study
WLCכֻּלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִלּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־ חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃
BSAThey are allkôl [completely, utterly] adulterersnâʼaph [unfaithful, treacherous] likekᵉmôw [similar to, comparable with] an oventannûwr [furnace, fiery heat] heatedbâʻar by a bakerʼâphâh [one who prepares bread, a maker] who needs notshâbath▸ [does not require] stoke the fireʻûwr [add fuel, stir the flames] from the kneadinglûwsh [working, mixing] toʻad the risingchâmêts of the doughbâtsêq [unleavened bread, paste]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כֻּלָּם֙ | all of them | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים | [are] adulterers | Verb, Piel, participle (active) masculine plural |
| כְּמ֣וֹ | like | Preposition |
| תַנּ֔וּר | an oven | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בֹּעֵ֖רָה | burning | Verb, Qal, participle (active) feminine singular |
| מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה | from a baker | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת | [who] he ceases | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מֵעִ֔יר | stirring up | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine singular |
| מִלּ֥וּשׁ | from kneading | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| בָּצֵ֖ק | [the] dough | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עַד־ | until | Preposition |
| חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃ | is leavened it | Verb qal infinitive construct common, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough. |
| KJV | They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened. |
| ASV | They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough, until it be leavened. |
| YLT | All of them [are] adulterers, Like a burning oven of a baker, He ceaseth from stirring up after kneading the dough, till its leavening. |
| WEB | They are all adulterers. They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring, from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened. |
| BBE | They are all untrue; they are like a burning oven; the bread-maker does not make up the fire from the time when the paste is mixed till it is leavened. |
The translations agree here, reflecting the same idea of unfaithfulness without notable variation.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by a simile and additional phrases that elaborate on the comparison.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָאַף
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Hosea 7:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Unfaithfulness of Israelgenerated
Hosea 7:4 highlights the consistent unfaithfulness of Israel, comparing them to an oven that is always hot, indicating their continual state of sin. This imagery shows how their actions are not just occasional but a persistent condition, much like the heat of an oven that remains without the need for constant attention. The surrounding verses further elaborate on the corruption and deceit prevalent among the leaders and people of Israel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hosea 4:2–12 | Cursing and lying, murder and stealing, and adultery are rampant; one act of bloodshed follows another. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 5:7–8 | “Why should I forgive you? Your children have forsaken Me and sworn by gods that are not gods. I satisfied their needs, yet they committed adultery and assembled at the houses of prostitutes. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 9:2 | If only I had a traveler’s lodge in the wilderness, I would abandon my people and depart from them, for they are all adulterers, a crowd of faithless people. |
| 4 | James 4:4 | You adulteresses! Do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore, whoever chooses to be a friend of the world renders himself an enemy of God. |
| 5 | Hosea 7:6–7 | For they prepare their heart like an oven while they lie in wait; all night their anger smolders; in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים, me.Na.'a.Fimgenerated
The word נָאַף (na'aph) is a participle meaning 'to commit adultery.' It describes both physical unfaithfulness and spiritual idolatry, emphasizing the betrayal of trust.
In this context, it underscores the idea that the people are not just unfaithful in their relationships but also in their covenant with God, likening their behavior to that of an oven that is always ready to burn.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים governs the main clause, with several phrases describing the comparison and the actions of the baker. The structure emphasizes the comparison of Israel's unfaithfulness to the constant heat of an oven.
The sentence is complex, with the main clause followed by a simile and several prepositional phrases that detail the actions related to the baking process.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים as μοιξεύοντες, which carries the same meaning of 'adulterers.' This choice reinforces the idea of betrayal and unfaithfulness.
The Greek translation maintains the metaphor of the oven, indicating a consistent understanding of the imagery across both texts.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Hosea 7:4 describes the people of Israel as unfaithful, comparing them to an oven that is always hot without needing to be stirred. This shows their constant state of sin and betrayal, similar to an oven that is ready to burn without any additional effort.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This means that the people of Israel are unfaithful, both in their relationships and in their commitment to God, often turning to idolatry.
The oven symbolizes a constant readiness to sin, indicating that their unfaithfulness is not occasional but a persistent condition.
The baker represents the one who prepares the oven, suggesting that the people's unfaithfulness is maintained without any need for additional effort, just as the oven remains hot.
This verse highlights the importance of faithfulness in relationships and to God, warning against the dangers of unfaithfulness and the consequences that follow.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see unfaithfulness in my life or community?
- How can I ensure that my commitments, both to people and to God, remain strong?
- What actions can I take to avoid becoming complacent in my faith?
- How does the imagery of the oven challenge my understanding of sin and its consequences?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early Church Fathers provide insights on this verse, exploring themes of unfaithfulness and the nature of sin as seen in the metaphor of the oven.
But where shall I find an approach to the divine Scripture that teaches me what “an oven” is? I must call upon Jesus my Lord, that he may make me the seeker find and may open to the one knocking,Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →
"All adulterers are like an oven heated by the baker: the city rested for a little while from the mixture of the ferment, until it had fermented all.Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →
Although you might marry and in the face of the authority of all the Scriptures never commit adultery, why do you not with God’s grace accept what is lawful? Instead you dare to offend God and commit what is unlawful.Early Church Fathers on Hosea 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Hosea 7:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey [are] all adulterers,.... King, princes, priests, and people, both in a spiritual and corporeal sense; they were all idolaters, given to idols try, eager of it, and constant in it, as the
Read John Gill on Hosea 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.
Read Robert Jamieson on Hosea 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey are all adulterers, both spiritually and carnally, and this latter adultery is that which here is charged on the courtiers and people of Israel. As an oven heated by the baker: this vice is grown raging hot among them, as you see the fire in an oven, when the baker, having called up those that make the bread, to prepare all things ready, and the whole mass is leavened, he doth by continued supply of fuel heat the oven to the highest degree. So doth adultery among this people grow by degrees to raging flames. The whole mass of the people are leavened with this vice also, as well as the court, and every one inflamed with this unclean fire, as the oven heated by the baker.
Read Matthew Poole on Hosea 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsHosea 7:4 They [are] all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, [who] ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.Ver. 4. They are all adulterers] εξεκαυσθησαν, adulterio caleseunt, so Paguine, scalded in their base lusts, as those in Romans 1:27, all (for the most part) were such; but especially the courtiers and clawback informers, as Hosea 7:3, God, in his just judgment, giving them up to those vile affections or passions of dishonour, and punishing their impieties with impurities, as he did also in those heathens, Romans 1:23. As an oven heated by the baker] An apt similitude setting forth the intense heat of filthy lust (better marry than burn, 1…
Read John Trapp on Hosea 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) Render, ceaseth heating from the kneading of the dough till its leavening. The baker is unremitting in his exertions to keep up the heat of the oven, the smouldering fire being fed on camel’s dung and the like fuel, except when he is obliged to occupy himself with preparing the dough for baking—an apt image of the incessant burning rage of lust and violence.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Hosea 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. As an oven heated by the baker] Calmet's paraphrase on this and the following verses expresses pretty nearly the sense: Hosea makes a twofold comparison of the Israelites; to an oven, and to dough. Jeroboam set fire to his own oven-his kingdom-and put the leaven in his dough; and afterwards went to rest, that the fire might have time to heat his oven, and the leaven to raise his dough, that the false principles which he introduced might infect the whole population. This prince, purposing to make his subjects relinquish their ancient religion, put, in a certain sense, the fire to his own oven, and mixed his dough with leaven. At first he used no violence; but was satisfied with…
Read AdamClarke on Hosea 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. as an oven …] The fire corresponds to sensual lust, the oven is the heart. The baker ceaseth from kindling (so we should render), when the oven has reached a certain heat, and then he leaves the fire to smoulder, till the fermentation of the dough is complete, and a fresh heating is necessary. So after passion has once been gratified, it smoulders for a time, but is afterwards kindled to a greater heat than before, when some attractive object comes within its range.
Read Cambridge on Hosea 7 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey are all adulterers - The prophet continues to picture the corruption of all kinds and degrees of people.
Read Albert Barnes on Hosea 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.
They are all adulterers. They are burning like an oven that the baker stops stirring, from the kneading of the dough, until it is leavened.
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by a baker who needs not stoke the fire from the kneading to the rising of the dough.
They are all like bakers, they are like a smoldering oven; they are like a baker who does not stoke the fire until the kneaded dough is ready for baking.
Tyndale line
They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.
They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough, until it be leavened.
They are all adulterers; they are as an oven heated by the baker; he ceaseth to stir the fire, from the kneading of the dough until it be leavened.
They are all adulterers, as an oven heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath kneaded the dough, until it is leavened.
They are all adulterers, and as a very ouen heated by ye baker, which ceaseth from raysing vp, and from kneading ye dough vntill it be leauened.
Strictly literal
They all practise adultery, as an oven heated by the baker: he ceaseth from stirring [the fire] after he hath kneaded the dough, until it be leavened.
All of them [are] adulterers, Like a burning oven of a baker, He ceaseth from stirring up after kneading the dough, till its leavening.
All of them [are] adulterers, || Like a burning oven of a baker, || He ceases from stirring up after kneading the dough, until its leavening.
They are all adulterers, as an oven well heated by the baker: [when] he that stirreth [the fire] resteth awhile from kneading the dough, until it be leavened.
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker, who ceases to stir the fire from the kneading of the dough until it is leavened.
From the Latin
They are all adulterers, like an oven heated by the baker: the city rested a little from the mingling of the leaven, till the whole was leavened.
Simplified
All of them are adulterers, burning with lust like an oven whose fire stays hot, even though it is not tended by the baker, having left the dough to rise after kneading.
They are all untrue; they are like a burning oven; the bread-maker does not make up the fire from the time when the paste is mixed till it is leavened.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 10 of the 12 words matched. This indicates a strong consistency in the transmission of this verse across traditions.
כֻּלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִלּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־ חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃
10 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Hosea 7:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
נָאַף (na'aph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to commit adultery, typically referring to a man with another's wife. It can also denote idolatrous worship in a figurative sense. The root encompasses both the act of adultery and its implications, including the role of women in this context.
[נָאַף] vb. commit adultery
base
H5003 נָאַף commit adultery
5003 na'aph naw-af'
a primitive root; to commit adultery; figuratively, to
apostatize:--adulterer(-ess), commit(-ing) adultery, woman
that breaketh wedlock.
נָאַף (na.aph) — to commit adultery.
1) to commit adultery
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to commit adultery
1a1a) usually of man
1a1a1) always with wife of another
1a1b) adultery (of women) (participle)
1a2) idolatrous worship (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to commit adultery
1b1a) of man
1b1b) adultery (of women) (participle)
1b2) idolatrous worship (fig.)
V-Piel — Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine pluralHVprmpa
כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
base
H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)
3644 kmow kem-o'
or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used
separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)
as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),
thus, when, worth.
see HEBREW for 03651
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.
adv
1) like, as, the like of which
conj
2) when, according as, as it were
כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.
Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)
Prep — PrepositionHR
תַּנּוּר (tannuwr) refers to a portable stove or fire-pot, encompassing meanings like furnace and oven. It can also symbolize God's wrath or a metaphorical hunger for evil. The word is derived from a root meaning related to fire, and it appears in contexts associated with cooking and divine judgment.
תַּנּוּר n.m. portable stove or fire-pot
base
H8574 תַּנּוּר portable stove or fire-pot
8574 tannuwr tan-noor'
from 5216; a fire-pot:--furnace, oven.
see HEBREW for 05216
תַּנּוּר (tan.nur) — (Tower of) the Ovens.
Combined with mig.dal (מִגְדָּל "Tower" H4026I)
This name means furnace, oven
תַּנּוּר (tan.nur) — oven.
1) furnace, oven, fire-pot, (portable) stove
1a) for cooking
1b) of God's wrath, His furnace (fig)
1c) of hunger, desire for evil
1d) fire-pot
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
uv'-'-n.
See BREAD; FURNACE.
Oven
Heb. tannur, (Hos. 7:4). In towns there appear to have been public ovens. There was a street in Jerusalem (Jer. 37:21) called “bakers’ street” (the only case in which the name of a street in Jerusalem is preserved). The words “tower of the furnaces” (Neh. 3:11; 12:38) is more properly “tower of the ovens” (Heb. tannurim). These resemble the ovens in use among ourselves.
There were other private ovens of different kinds. Some were like large jars made of earthenware or copper, which were heated inside with wood (1 Kings 17:12; Isa. 44:15; Jer. 7:18)…
The eastern oven is of two kinds --fixed and portable. The former is found only in towns, where regular bakers are employed. (Hosea 7:4) The latter ia adapted to the nomad state, it consists of a large jar made of clay, about three feet high and widening toward the bottom, with a hole for the extraction of the ashes. Each household possessed such an article, (Exodus 8:3) and it was only in times of extreme dearth that the same oven sufficed for several families. (Leviticus 26:26) It was heated with dry twigs and grass, (Matthew 6:30) and the loaves were placed both inside and outside of it.
See BREAD.
The Hebrew word בָּעַר (ba'ar) has two primary meanings: to burn or consume, and to be brutish or stupid. It encompasses actions related to fire, such as kindling and burning, as well as figurative uses like consuming guilt. Additionally, it can denote a state of dullness or lack of receptiveness. The lexicons provide various nuances, particularly in how the burning aspect can relate to wrath or destruction.
[בָּעַר] vb. burn, consume
Qal burn
Pi.
kindle
burn
fig. consume, utterly remove
Pu. burn (i.e. be supplied with fire), of fire-jar
Hiph.
kindle
burn up
base
[בָּעַר] vb. denom. be brutish
Qal be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive
Niph. brutish, stupid
Pi. feed, graze
Hiph. cause to be grazed over
base
H1197a [בָּעַר] burn, consume .burn
. . kindle
. burn
. fig. consume, utterly remove
. burn (i.e. be supplied with fire), of fire-jar
. . kindle
. burn up
H1197b [בָּעַר] vb. denom. be brutish .be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive
. brutish, stupid
. feed, graze
. cause to be grazed over
1197 ba`ar baw-ar'
a primitive root; to kindle, i.e. consume (by fire or by
eating); also (as denominative from 1198) to be(-come)
brutish:--be brutish, bring (put, take) away, burn, (cause to)
eat (up), feed, heat, kindle, set ((on fire)), waste.
see HEBREW for 01198
בָּעַר (ba.ar) — to burn: burn.
: burn/ignite
1) to burn, consume, kindle, be kindled
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to begin to burn, be kindled, start burning
1a2) to burn, be burning
1a3) to burn, consume
1a4) Jehovah's wrath, human wrath (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to kindle, burn
1b2) to consume, remove (of guilt) (fig.)
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to kindle
1c2) to burn up
1c3) to consume (destroy)
1d) (Pual) to burn
בָּעַר (ba.ar) — be brutish.
v denom
1) to be stupid, brutish, barbarous
1a) (Qal) to be stupid, dull-hearted, unreceptive
1b) (Niphal) to be stupid, dull-hearted
1c) (Piel) to feed, graze
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to be grazed over
בָּעַר (ba.ar) — to burn: destroy.
: destroy
1) to burn, consume, kindle, be kindled
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to begin to burn, be kindled, start burning
1a2) to burn, be burning
1a3) to burn, consume
1a4) Jehovah's wrath, human wrath (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to kindle, burn
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) feminine singularHVqrfsa
→ As a punishment
→ See PUNISHMENT
אָפָה (aphah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to bake.' It is a primitive root that specifically refers to cooking, particularly baking. The entries indicate its use in various forms, such as a noun for 'baker' and a passive form meaning 'to be baked.' There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.
H644 אָפָה bake
644 'aphah aw-faw'
a primitive root; to cook, especially to bake:--bake(-r,
(-meats)).
אָפָה (a.phah) — to bake.
1) to bake
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bake
1a2) (subst) baker
1b) (Niphal) to be baked, baked
Prep | V-Qal — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
שָׁבַת (shabath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cease or rest, often in the context of stopping work. It can also imply causing something to cease or fail, and is associated with observing the Sabbath. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, covering a range of meanings from simple cessation to destruction.
שָׁבַת 71 vb. cease, desist, rest
Qal 27
cease
desist from labour, rest
Niph. cease
Hiph.
40 cause to cease, put an end to
= exterminate, destroy
cause to desist from
remove
cause to fail, let be lacking
base
[שָׁבַת] vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
base
H7673a שָׁבַת cease, desist, rest .. cease
. desist from labour, rest
. cease
. . cause to cease, put an end to
. = exterminate, destroy
. cause to desist from
. remove
. cause to fail, let be lacking
H7673b שָׁבַת vb. denom. keep, observe (sabbath)
7673 shabath shaw-bath'
a primitive root; to repose, i.e. desist from exertion; used
in many implied relations (causative, figurative or
specific):--(cause to, let, make to) cease, celebrate, cause
(make) to fail, keep (sabbath), suffer to be lacking, leave,
put away (down), (make to) rest, rid, still, take away.
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to cease.
1) to cease, desist, rest
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cease
1a2) to rest, desist (from labour)
1b) (Niphal) to cease
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to cease, put an end to
1c2) to exterminate, destroy
1c3) to cause to desist from
1c4) to remove
1c5) to cause to fail
שָׁבַת (sha.vat) — to keep.
(Qal) to keep or observe the sabbath
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.
[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake
Qal rouse oneself to activity
Niph. be roused; be incited to activity
Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity
Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction
Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant
Hiph.
rouse
declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake
base
H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake
5782 `uwr oor
a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea
of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or
figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,
raise (up), stir up (self).
see HEBREW for 05783
עוּר (ur) — to rouse.
1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite
1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake
1b) (Niphal) to be roused
1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite
1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to rouse, stir up
1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singularHVhrmsa
לוּשׁ (luwsh) is a primitive root meaning 'to knead.' It specifically refers to the action of kneading dough, as noted in the entries from Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's Hebrew Dictionary. The term appears in the Qal stem, indicating its basic form.
H3888 לוּשׁ knead
3888 luwsh loosh
a primitive root; to knead:--knead.
לוּשׁ (lush) — to knead.
(Qal) to knead (dough)
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
ned'ing.
See BREAD, III, 2.
בָּצֵק (batseq) refers to dough, specifically unleavened or non-fermented dough. The word is built from the root associated with swelling by fermentation, but in this context, it denotes a type of dough without any leavening. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as dough, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
בָּצֵק n.[m.] dough;—dough, not fermented; no restriction
base
H1217 בָּצֵק dough;—dough, not fermented; no restriction
1217 batseq baw-tsake'
from 1216; dough (as swelling by fermentation):--dough,
flour.
see HEBREW for 01216
בָּצֵק (ba.tseq) — dough.
dough (unleavened)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
do. See BREAD.
→ First of, offered to God Nu 15:19-21; Ne 10:37
עַד (ad) primarily functions as a preposition, adverb, or conjunction meaning 'until,' 'up to,' or 'as far as.' It can denote spatial, temporal, or degree-related contexts, such as 'even to' or 'while.' The entries indicate its use in poetry and in various combinations, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי prep. as far as, even to, up to, until, while
prep.
of space
Of time
Of degree
conj.
until
While
Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus
of space
Of time
Of degree
base
H5704 עַד, in poetry עֲדֵי as far as, even to, up to, until, while . prep. . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
. conj. . until
. While
. Of degree, to the point that, so that even (rare)
. עַד לְ, a strengthened form for עַד. Thus . of space
. Of time
. Of degree
5704 `ad ad
properly, the same as 5703 (used as a preposition, adverb or
conjunction; especially with a preposition); as far (or long,
or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during,
while, until) or degree (equally with):--against, and, as,
at, before, by (that), even (to), for(-asmuch as),
(hither-)to, + how long, into, as long (much) as, (so) that,
till, toward, until, when, while, (+ as) yet.
see HEBREW for 05703
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) as far as, even to, until, up to, while, as far as
1a) of space
1a1) as far as, up to, even to
1b) in combination
1b1) from...as far as, both...and (with 'min' -from)
1c) of time
1c1) even to, until, unto, till, during, end
1d) of degree
1d1) even to, to the degree of, even like
conj
2) until, while, to the point that, so that even
Aramaic equivalent: ad (עַד "till" H5705)
Prep — PrepositionHR
חָמֵץ (chamets) is a Hebrew word with several meanings, primarily related to being sour or leavened. It can describe something that is fermented or harsh in taste, as well as denote a color (red) or a quality (ruthless). The entries indicate its use in various contexts, including emotional states like being embittered or grieving.
חָמֵץ vb. be sour, leavened
Qal be leavened
Hithp. be soured, embittered
base
[חמץ] vb. be red
base
[חמץ] vb. be ruthless—only Qal Pt. ψ 71:4
ref
H2556a חָמֵץ be sour, leavened .be leavened
. be soured, embittered
H2556b חמץ be red H2556c חמץ be ruthless
2556 chamets khaw-mates'
a primitive root; to be pungent; i.e. in taste (sour, i.e.
literally fermented, or figuratively, harsh), in color
(dazzling):--cruel (man), dyed, be grieved, leavened.
חָמֵץ (cha.mets) — to leaven.
1) to be leavened, be sour
1a) (Qal) to be leavened
1b) (Hiphil) to taste something leavened
1c) (Hithpael) to be embittered, grieved
חָמַץ (cha.mats) — be red.
to be red
חָמַץ (cha.mats) — to oppress.
to be cruel, oppress, be ruthless
V-Qal-Inf-a | Suff — Verb qal infinitive construct common · suffixHVqcc/Sp3ms