Habakkuk 1:9 — Word Study
WLCכֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃
BSAAllkôl [every single one, without exception] of them comebôwʼ▸ bentmᵉgammâh△ on violencechâmâç [determined to commit, cruelty, injustice] their hordespânîym [large armies, crowds] [advance like] the east [wind]qâdîym [a strong, sweeping force] they gatherʼâçaph▸ prisonersshᵉbîy [captives, those taken away] like sandchôwl [innumerable, countless]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כֻּלֹּה֙ | all of it | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לְחָמָ֣ס | for violence | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יָב֔וֹא | it comes | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מְגַמַּ֥ת | [the] totality of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם | faces their | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| קָדִ֑ימָה | [is] east -ward | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף | and it gathered | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| כַּח֖וֹל | like sand | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| שֶֽׁבִי׃ | captive[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | All of them come bent on violence; their hordes advance like the east wind; they gather prisoners like sand. |
| KJV | They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand. |
| ASV | They come all of them for violence; the set of their faces is forwards; and they gather captives as the sand. |
| YLT | Wholly for violence it doth come in, Their faces swallowing up the east wind, And it doth gather as the sand a captivity. |
| WEB | All of them come for violence. Their hordes face forward. They gather prisoners like sand. |
| BBE | They are coming all of them with force; the direction of their faces is forward, the number of their prisoners is like the sands of the sea. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of כֻּלֹּה — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of two main clauses, each describing the actions of the army, with additional phrases providing context and detail.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבּוֹא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 9 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Habakkuk 1:9
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Impending Invasiongenerated
Habakkuk 1:9 depicts a fierce army that is determined to commit acts of violence and cruelty. This verse is part of Habakkuk's lament regarding the rise of the Chaldeans, who are characterized by their swiftness and ruthlessness. The imagery used emphasizes their overwhelming strength and the dire consequences for those who oppose them, as they gather captives like sand, illustrating the vast number of those taken prisoner.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Habakkuk 1:6 | For behold, I am raising up the Chaldeans — that ruthless and impetuous nation which marches through the breadth of the earth to seize dwellings not their own. |
| 2 | Habakkuk 2:5–13 | and wealth indeed betrays him. He is an arrogant man never at rest. He enlarges his appetite like Sheol, and like Death, he is never satisfied. He gathers all the nations to himself and collects all the peoples as his own. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 28:51–52 | They will eat the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your land until you are destroyed. They will leave you no grain or new wine or oil, no calves of your herds or lambs of your flocks, until they have caused you to perish. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 4:7 | A lion has gone up from his thicket, and a destroyer of nations has set out. He has left his lair to lay waste your land. Your cities will be reduced to ruins and lie uninhabited. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 5:15–17 | Behold, I am bringing a distant nation against you, O house of Israel,” declares the LORD. “It is an established nation, an ancient nation, a nation whose language you do not know and whose speech you do not understand. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 20 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כֻּלֹּה֙, ku.Lohgenerated
The word כֻּלֹּה (ku.Loh) means 'all of it' or 'every single one, without exception.' It is a noun in the singular form that encompasses totality, referring to everything within a specified context. In this verse, it emphasizes the complete nature of the invading forces, indicating that every member is united in their purpose.
The lexicons consistently affirm that כֻּלֹּה conveys the idea of totality and completeness, often used to indicate all people or things in a given situation. This word underscores the relentless and comprehensive nature of the violence being described.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the term כֻּלֹּה is rendered as all of them, which is consistent across translations like the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around two main verbs: יָב֔וֹא (it comes) and וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף (and it gathered). The first clause introduces the army's arrival, while the second describes their action of gathering captives.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of the army, with the subject preceding the verbs, highlighting their aggressive intent and the swift nature of their advance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, כֻּלֹּה is translated as συντέλεια (suntelia), which conveys a sense of completion or totality. This choice reflects the comprehensive nature of the invading forces, emphasizing their overwhelming presence.
The translation choices in the Septuagint align with the Hebrew meaning, maintaining the focus on the totality of the army's violent intent.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Habakkuk 1:9 describes a fierce army that comes to commit violence and gather captives. The verse uses vivid imagery to show the overwhelming nature of their advance and the countless prisoners they take, likening them to sand.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It refers to the totality of the invading forces, emphasizing that every member is committed to violence.
The violence refers to acts of cruelty and injustice perpetrated by the army against those they conquer.
This imagery highlights the vast number of captives taken, suggesting that the army is relentless and their actions are overwhelming.
The east wind symbolizes a strong and sweeping force, reflecting the unstoppable nature of the advancing army.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see violence and injustice in the world today, similar to what is described in this verse?
- How can I respond to situations of oppression and cruelty in my community?
- What does it mean for me to stand against forces that seek to harm others?
- How can I be a voice for the voiceless, like those who are taken captive?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Habakkuk 1:9 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey shall come all for violence,.... Or, "the whole of it" (s); the whole army of the Chaldeans, everyone of them; this would be their sole view, not to do themselves justice, as might be pretended,
Read John Gill on Habakkuk 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
Read Robert Jamieson on Habakkuk 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThey, Chaldeans, and in particular these fierce and swift horsemen, shall come all, with one purpose, on the same design, to enrich themselves by making a prey of all. Their faces shall sup up as the east wind: either thus, their very countenances shall be as blasting, pestiferous, and dangerous as is the east wind in those countries; or thus, all they can sup up, or lay hold on, they will carry eastward; or thus, when you are devoured, they shall set their faces eastward to devour others in those coasts. They shall gather the captivity; prisoners or captives, called here the captivity, to express the extremity thereof. As the sand, both for easiness of gathering, and the multitudes of…
Read Matthew Poole on Habakkuk 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsHabakkuk 1:9 They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up [as] the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.Ver. 9. They shall come all for violence] That by force and violence they may carry all before them. Fit via vi, Cedit viribus aequum. They are set upon it, and will have it so. Their faces shall sup up as the east wind] That ventus urens et exsiccans, they shall blast all they look upon; Euroclydon-like, they shall overturn all, Acts 27:14. Navigantium pestem, the mariner’ s misery, Pliny calleth this wind, for the hurt it doeth by sea. Some read it, their faces shall look towards the east, viz. towards Babylon, whither they carry the booty they get.…
Read John Trapp on Habakkuk 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(9) Their faces shall sup up as the east wind.—Literally, if we could accept this interpretation, the eagerness of their faces is eastward. The passage, however, is beset with philological difficulties. If the word kβdξmβh could be translated “east wind,” the invading Chaldζan host would be compared to a blast from the east, passing over the land, and leaving it scorched and blighted. The captives (“captivity,” Authorised Version) whom the invader carries off would then be likened to the cloud of dust, sand, &c., which accompanies this withering blast. This gives a good sense. Unfortunately, however, according to all analogy, kβdξmβh must mean either “eastwards” or “forwards.” The meaning…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Habakkuk 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 9. Their faces shall sup up as the east wind] This may be an allusion to those electrical winds which prevail in that country. Mr. Jackson, in his overland journey from India, mentions his having bathed in the Tigris. On his coming out of the river one of those winds passed over him, and, in a moment, carried off every particle of water that was on his body and in his bathing dress. So, the Chaldeans shall leave no substance behind them; their faces, their bare appearance, is the proof that nothing good shall be left. Shall gather the captivity as the sand.] They shall carry off innumerable captives.
Read AdamClarke on Habakkuk 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9. they shall come] they come all of them for violence. To rob and harry is their object. Their faces shall sup up] R.V. paraphrastically: their faces are set eagerly as the east wind. The clause is obscure in sense, and in all likelihood the text is faulty. Two tentative senses have been suggested: (1) the word rendered in A.V. “sup up” has been connected with the term used of the war-horse, Job 39:24, he swalloweth the ground, i.e. appears to do so in his eagerness and swiftness; cf. Genesis 14:17, “Let me drink” (the same word). From this sense of swallowing or gulping up might come the more general one of straining or striving after (as in Neo-Heb.), giving some such sense as the…
Read Cambridge on Habakkuk 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThey shall come all for violence - “Violence” had been the sin of Judah Habakkuk 1:3-4, and now violence shall be her punishment. It had been ever before the prophet; all were full of it.
Read Albert Barnes on Habakkuk 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
All of them come bent on violence; their hordes advance like the east wind; they gather prisoners like sand.
All of them come for violence. Their hordes face forward. They gather prisoners like sand.
All of them come bent on violence; their hordes advance like the east wind; they gather prisoners like sand.
All of them intend to do violence; every face is determined. They take prisoners as easily as one scoops up sand.
Tyndale line
They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
They come all of them for violence; the set of their faces is forwards; and they gather captives as the sand.
They come all of them for violence; their faces are set eagerly as the east wind; and they gather captives as the sand.
They shall come all for violence: their faces shall sup up as the east wind, and they shall gather the captivity as the sand.
They come all to spoyle: before their faces shalbe an Eastwinde, and they shall gather the captiuitie, as the sand.
Strictly literal
They come all of them for violence: the crowd of their faces is forwards, and they gather captives as the sand.
Wholly for violence it doth come in, Their faces swallowing up the east wind, And it doth gather as the sand a captivity.
All for violence—he comes in, || Their faces swallowing up the east wind, || And he gathers a captivity as the sand.
They all will come for violence: the front of their faces is like the east wind, and they gather captives as the sand.
They all come for violence; their multitudes go like the desert wind, and they gather captives like sand.
From the Latin
They shall all come to the prey, their face is like a burning wind: and they shall gather together captives as the sand.
Simplified
Here they come, all intent on violence. Their armies advance in frontal assault as rapidly as the desert wind, capturing so many prisoners they are like sand.
They are coming all of them with force; the direction of their faces is forward, the number of their prisoners is like the sands of the sea.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, maintaining the same key terms and structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls show partial restoration, but the core message aligns with the Masoretic Text, indicating a consistent understanding of the text across these ancient witnesses.
כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
כל׳ה לחמס יבוא מגמת [פני׳הם] קדימ׳ה ויאסף כחול שבי
5 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Habakkuk 1:9
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
חָמָס (chamac) refers to concepts of violence and wrongdoing. It encompasses terms like cruelty, injustice, and unjust gain. The word is built from a root that implies violent actions or dealings. The entries consistently highlight its negative connotations without significant disagreement.
חָמָס n.m. violence, wrong
base
H2555 חָמָס violence, wrong
2555 chamac khaw-mawce'
from 2554; violence; by implication, wrong; by meton. unjust
gain:--cruel(-ty), damage, false, injustice, X oppressor,
unrighteous, violence (against, done), violent (dealing),
wrong.
see HEBREW for 02554
חָמָס (cha.mas) — violence.
violence, wrong, cruelty, injustice
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go
Qal
come in
come (approach, arrive)
go, i.e. walk, associate with
go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
Hiph.
cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
Hoph.
be brought in (of pers. and things)
be brought
be introduced, put
base
H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in
. come (approach, arrive)
. go, i.e. walk, associate with
. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
. . be brought in (of pers. and things)
. be brought
. be introduced, put
935 bow' bo
a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of
applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +
besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X
certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,
upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,
(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be
fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),
grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,
pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken
(in age), X surely, take (in), way.
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.
: come/go_in
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
1a5) to go
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lead in
1b2) to carry in
1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon
1b4) to bring to pass
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought, brought in
1c2) to be introduced, be put
לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).
This name means to go in, enter
Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.
: towards/entrance
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
מְגַמָּה (megammah) refers to an accumulation or impulse, with meanings ranging from horde to eagerness, particularly in the context of the Chaldeans in Habakkuk 1:9. The exact meaning is uncertain, and lexicons suggest different nuances, such as assembling or direction.
[מְגַמָּה] n.f. Hb 1:9 (of the Chaldeans) of uncertain meaning
ref
H4041 מְגַמָּה
4041 mgammah meg-am-maw'
from the same as 1571; properly, accumulation, i.e. impulse
or direction:--sup up.
see HEBREW for 01571
מְגַמָּה (me.gam.mah) — horde.
meaning uncertain; perhaps hordes, accumulation, assembling, eagerness (of Babylonians)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
N-cp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3mp
קָדִים (qadiym) refers to the direction east and also denotes an east wind. It is derived from another Hebrew root, indicating its connection to the concept of the front or fore part. The entries consistently emphasize its geographical and meteorological meanings.
קָדִים 69 n.m. East, east wind
base
H6921 קָדִים East, east wind
6921 qadiym kaw-deem'
or qadim {kaw-deem'}; from 6923; the fore or front part;
hence (by orientation) the East (often adverbially, eastward,
for brevity the east wind):--east(-ward, wind).
see HEBREW for 06923
קָדִים (qa.dim) — east.
1) east, east wind
1a) east (of direction)
1b) east wind
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sd
word: "Ward" and "guard" are two different spellings of the same word, and in consequence no clear line can be drawn between them. English Versions of the Bible, however, has used "guard" only in the sense of "a special body of soldiers" (Ge 37:36, etc.), while "ward" is used, not only in this sense (Jer 37:13; contrast 39:9), but also in a variety of others. So a "ward" may mean "any body of men on special duty," as 1Ch 9:23; the King James Version 1Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24,25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "watch"), or the duty itself, as Isa 21:8;
Ward
A prison (Gen. 40:3, 4); a watch-station (Isa. 21:8); a guard (Neh. 13:30).
אָסַף (acaph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gather or remove. It encompasses a range of actions including collecting, assembling, and withdrawing. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like gathering individuals or being gathered. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
אָסַף 209 vb. gather, remove
Qal
gather, collect
gather an individual into company of others
bring up the rear of
gather and take away, remove, withdraw
Niph.
assemble, be gathered, reflex.
pass. of Qal 2
Pass. of Qal 4; be taken away, removed, perish
Pi.
gather harvest
take in, receive into
as subst. rearguard, rearward
Pu. be gathered, of men
Hithp. gather themselves
base
H622 אָסַף gather, remove
622 'acaph aw-saf'
a primitive root; to gather for any purpose; hence, to
receive, take away, i.e. remove (destroy, leave behind, put
up, restore, etc.):--assemble, bring, consume, destroy,
felch, gather (in, together, up again), X generally, get
(him), lose, put all together, receive, recover (another from
leprosy), (be) rereward, X surely, take (away, into, up), X
utterly, withdraw.
אָסַף (a.saph) — to gather.
1) to gather, receive, remove, gather in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to gather, collect
1a2) to gather (an individual into company of others)
1a3) to bring up the rear
1a4) to gather and take away, remove, withdraw
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to assemble, be gathered
1b2) (pass of Qal 1a2)
1b2a) to be gathered to one's fathers
1b2b) to be brought in or into (association with others)
1b3) (pass of Qal 1a4)
1b3a) to be taken away, removed, perish
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to gather (harvest)
1c2) to take in, receive into
1c3) rearguard, rearward (subst)
1d) (Pual) to be gathered
1e) (Hithpael) to gather oneself or themselves
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
חוֹל (chol) means 'sand,' possibly derived from the idea of turning or whirling particles. The entries consistently define it as sand, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
חוֹל n.m. sand (perh. as turning or whirling)
base
H2344 חוֹל sand (perh. as turning or whirling)
2344 chowl khole
from 2342; sand (as round or whirling particles):--sand.
see HEBREW for 02342
חוֹל (chol) — sand.
sand
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
(chol; ammos; a variant of the more usual psammos; compare amathos, psamathos): Sand is principally produced by the grinding action of waves. This is accompanied by chemical solution, with the result that the more soluble constituents of the rock diminish in amount or disappear and the sands tend to become more or less purely silicious, silica or quartz being a common constituent of rocks and very Insoluble. The rocks of Palestine are so largely composed of limestone that the shore and dune sands are unusually calcareous, containing from 10 to 20 per cent of calcium carbonate. This is subject to solution and redeposition as a cement between the sand grains, binding them together to form the porous sandstone of the seashore, which is easily worked and is much used in building.
See Rock, III, (2).
Figurative:
שְׁבִי (shbiy) refers to captivity or captives, encompassing both the state of being captured and the individuals who are captured. It is derived from the root that conveys the idea of being exiled or taken away. The term can be used to describe both abstract and concrete forms of captivity, including prisoners and booty.
שְׁבִי n.m. captivity, captives (coll.)
base
[שָׁבִי adj. vel n.m. whence] שְׁבִיָּה n.f. captive
base
H7628a שְׁבִי captivity, captives (coll.) H7628b שָׁבִי adj. vel n. m. whence שְׁבִיָּה n. f. captive
7628 shbiy sheb-ee'
from 7618; exiled; captured; as noun, exile (abstractly or
concretely and collectively); by extension,
booty:--captive(-ity), prisoners, X take away, that was
taken.
see HEBREW for 07618
שְׁבִי (she.vi) — captivity.
1) captivity, captives
1a) (state of) captivity
1b) (act of) capture
1c) captives
שָׁבִי (sh.vi) — captive.
captive
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa