Exodus 25:18 — Word Study
WLCוְעָשִׂ֛יתָ שְׁנַ֥יִם כְּרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃
BSAMakeʻâsâh [to create, form, or fashion] twoshᵉnayim [a pair, dual] cherubimkᵉrûwb [angelic beings, heavenly guardians] ◂of hammeredmiqshâh [beaten, molded] goldzâhâb [a precious, valuable metal] [at the]shᵉnayim endsqâtsâh [corners, edges] of the mercy seatkappôreth [a golden lid, the throne of atonement]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ | and you will make | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect second person masculine singular |
| שְׁנַ֥יִם | two | Adj |
| כְּרֻבִ֖ים | cherubim | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| זָהָ֑ב | gold | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| מִקְשָׁה֙ | hammered work | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה | you will make | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine singular |
| אֹתָ֔ם | the object marker them | Particle, suffix |
| מִשְּׁנֵ֖י | from [the] two | Preposition |
| קְצ֥וֹת | [the] ends of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃ | the atonement cover | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Make two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat, |
| KJV | And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat. |
| ASV | And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold; of beaten work shalt thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat. |
| YLT | and thou hast made two cherubs of gold, beaten work dost thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat; |
| WEB | You shall make two cherubim of hammered gold. You shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat. |
| BBE | And at the two ends of the cover you are to make two winged ones of hammered gold, |
All translations agree on the rendering of כְּרוּבִ֖ים as cherubim.
The sentence consists of a main clause with a clear directive followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the location.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעָשָׂה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Exodus 25:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Instructions for the Tabernaclegenerated
Exodus 25:18 is part of a larger section where God provides detailed instructions to Moses on how to construct the Tabernacle and its furnishings. The mercy seat, which is the cover of the Ark of the Covenant, is to be adorned with two cherubim made of hammered gold, symbolizing divine presence and protection. This reflects the importance of the Tabernacle in Israel's worship and relationship with God.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Exodus 37:7–9 | He made two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat, |
| 2 | Genesis 3:24 | So He drove out the man and stationed cherubim on the east side of the Garden of Eden, along with a whirling sword of flame to guard the way to the tree of life. |
| 3 | 1 Samuel 4:4 | So the people sent men to Shiloh, and they brought back the ark of the covenant of the LORD of Hosts, who sits enthroned between the cherubim. And the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phinehas, were there with the ark of the covenant of God. |
| 4 | 1 Kings 6:23–28 | In the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim, each ten cubits high, out of olive wood. |
| 5 | 1 Kings 8:6–7 | Then the priests brought the ark of the covenant of the LORD to its place in the inner sanctuary of the temple, the Most Holy Place, beneath the wings of the cherubim. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — כְּרוּבִ֖ים, ke.ru.Vimgenerated
The word כְּרוּב (kerub) refers to cherubim, which are angelic beings often depicted as guardians. In the context of the Tabernacle, they represent the divine presence and are associated with the mercy seat, where God's glory is said to dwell.
Cherubim are described in various biblical texts as having a role in guarding sacred spaces, such as the Garden of Eden and the Ark of the Covenant. The plural form כְּרוּבִ֖ים indicates that there are two of these beings positioned at the ends of the mercy seat.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we compare the verse as rendered in the Berean Standard Bible with other translations.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is עָשִׂ֛יתָ, and you will make, which governs the construction of two cherubim. The structure includes several noun phrases that specify what is to be made and how it is to be constructed.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the action of making the cherubim, followed by the materials and the specific details of their placement at the ends of the mercy seat.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates כְּרוּב as ξερουβιμ (cherubim), maintaining the same meaning as in the Hebrew. This shows a direct correspondence in the understanding of these angelic beings.
The choice of the Greek term reflects the translators' intent to convey the same divine significance associated with the cherubim in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Exodus 25:18 gives God's command to Moses to create two cherubim of hammered gold for the mercy seat of the Ark of the Covenant. These cherubim are to be positioned at the ends of the mercy seat, symbolizing God's presence and protection.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The cherubim represent divine guardianship and are associated with God's presence, especially in the context of the Ark of the Covenant.
Hammered gold signifies the craftsmanship and value of the items used in the Tabernacle, reflecting the holiness and glory of God.
The mercy seat is where atonement is made, symbolizing reconciliation between God and His people, particularly during the Day of Atonement.
The cherubim are integral to the mercy seat, which is the focal point of the Ark of the Covenant, emphasizing the sacredness of the space where God meets His people.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the presence of the cherubim teach us about God's protection and holiness?
- How can we apply the concept of craftsmanship in our own lives as we create or build things?
- In what ways does the mercy seat symbolize God's mercy in our relationship with Him?
- How can understanding the significance of the Tabernacle enhance our worship experience?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Christian writers referenced this verse to discuss the significance of the cherubim in relation to divine knowledge and revelation.
We are told too that “the words of the Lord are pure words, as silver tried in the fire”; again, in another place “the tongue of the just” is said to be “as silver tried by fire.” And the cherubim are described as golden,Early Church Fathers on Exodus 25 →
We can also understand the two Testaments by the two angels. Hence also the two cherubim that cover the mercy seat look upon one another with their faces turned toward the mercy seat. For cherubim means fullness of knowledge.Early Church Fathers on Exodus 25 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Exodus 25:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd thou shalt make two cherubim of gold,.... Which some take to be in the form of birds, and others of winged animals, such as the like were never seen, so Josephus; the Jews commonly suppose they
Read John Gill on Exodus 25 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat. Two cherubim.
Read Robert Jamieson on Exodus 25 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFigures of human shape, in which alone the angels used to appear; but they had wings, to signify their expedition in God’ s work and messages. And between these angels God is said to sit and dwell. So this place was a representation of heaven, where God sitteth and dwelleth among the cherubims and other glorious angels. Of beaten work; not made of several parcels joined together, as images commonly are, nor yet melted and cast in a frame or mould, but beaten by the hammer out of one continued piece of gold, possibly to note the exact unity or indivisibility and the simplicity of the evangelical nature.
Read Matthew Poole on Exodus 25 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsExodus 25:18 And thou shalt make two cherubims [of] gold, [of] beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.Ver. 18. And thou shalt make two cherubims.] Golden winged images, made by God’ s special appointment, and set out of sight. Hence then is no warrant for the use of images in churches. These here were to represent the holy angels attendant upon God, looking intently into the mystery of Christ, as the cherubims did into the propitiatory, and joined to the society of saints.
Read John Trapp on Exodus 25 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) Two cherubims.—“Cherubims,” or rather cherubim, had been known previously in one connection only—they had been the guardians of Eden when Adam and Eve were driven forth from it (Genesis 3:24). It is generally allowed that in that passage, as in most others where the word occurs, living beings, angels of God, are intended. But not all angels are cherubim. The cherubim constitute a select class, very near to God, very powerful, very resolute, highly fitted to act as guards. It is probably with this special reference that the cherubic figures were selected to be placed upon the mercy seat—they guarded the precious deposit of the two tables, towards which they looked (Exodus 25:20). The…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Exodus 25 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Thou shalt make two cherubims] What these were we cannot distinctly say. It is generally supposed that a cherub was a creature with four heads and one body: and the animals, of which these emblematical forms consisted, were the noblest of their kinds; the lion among the wild beasts, the bull among the tame ones, the eagle among the birds, and man at the head of all; so that they might be, says Dr. Priestley, the representatives of all nature. Concerning their forms and design there is much difference of opinion among divines. It is probable that the term often means a figure of any kind, such as was ordinarily sculptured on stone, engraved on metal, carved on wood, or embroidered…
Read AdamClarke on Exodus 25 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges17–22. The mercy-seat and the two cherubim upon it.
Read Cambridge on Exodus 25 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible18-20. Two cherubim — The exact form of these is nowhere described, but their position in the two ends of the cover of the ark, and the stretching forth and covering the mercy seat with their wings,
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Exodus 25 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Make two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat,
You shall make two cherubim of hammered gold. You shall make them at the two ends of the mercy seat.
Make two cherubim of hammered gold at the ends of the mercy seat,
You are to make two cherubim of gold; you are to make them of hammered metal on the two ends of the atonement lid.
Tyndale line
And thou shalt make two cherubims of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy seat.
And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold; of beaten work shalt thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat.
And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold; of beaten work shalt thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat.
And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, in the two ends of the mercy-seat.
And thou shalt make two Cherubims of golde: of worke beaten out with the hammer shalt thou make the at ye two endes of the Merciseate.
Strictly literal
And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold; [of] beaten work shalt thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat.
and thou hast made two cherubs of gold, beaten work dost thou make them, at the two ends of the mercy-seat;
and you have made two cherubim of gold; you make them beaten work at the two ends of the propitiatory covering;
And thou shalt make two cherubim of gold, of beaten work shalt thou make them, on the two ends of the cover.
You must make two cherubim of hammered gold for the two ends of the atonement lid.
From the Latin
Thou shalt make also two cherubims of beaten gold, on the two sides of the oracle.
Simplified
Make two cherubim of hammered gold for the ends of the atonement cover,
And at the two ends of the cover you are to make two winged ones of hammered gold,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches nine of the ten words, indicating a strong agreement in the translation. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs in two words, using כרובים (cherub) and יעשׂו (make). The Dead Sea Scrolls show two words on the leather with several supplied by an editor, indicating some textual restoration.
וְעָשִׂ֛יתָ שְׁנַ֥יִם כְּרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ועשׂית שׁני כרובים זהב מקשׁה תעשׂה אתם משׁני קצות הכפרת יעשׂו
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: כרובים (cherub), יעשׂו (make)
[ועשית] שנים כרובים [זהב] [מקשה] [תעשה] [את׳ם] [משני] [קצות] [הכפרת]
2 words on the leather — 8 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Exodus 25:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
Conj | V-Qal-2ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect second person masculine singularHc/Vqq2ms
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Adj — AdjHAcbda
too.
See NUMBER.
כְּרוּב (kerub) refers to a cherub, an angelic being associated with guarding the Garden of Eden, flanking God's throne, and appearing as an image over the Ark of the Covenant. The term is of uncertain derivation and is used in both singular and plural forms (cherubim). Various texts, including Ezekiel, describe their roles and appearances.
כְּרוּב 91 n.m. cherub
the living chariot of the theophanic God
as guards of the garden of Eden
as the throne of Yahweh Sabaoth
P gives an account
K and Ch describe the cherubim of the temple
Ezekiel describes the cherubim
base
H3742 כְּרוּב cherub
3742 kruwb ker-oob'
of uncertain derivation; a cherub or imaginary
figure:--cherub, (plural) cherubims.
כְּרוּב (ke.ruv) — cherub.
1) cherub, cherubim (pl)
1a) an angelic being
1a1) as guardians of Eden
1a2) as flanking God's throne
1a3) as an image form hovering over the Ark of the Covenant
1a4) as the chariot of Jehovah (fig.)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
→ Eastward of the garden of Eden Ge 3:24
→ In the tabernacle Ex 25:18-20; 37:7-9
→ The ark of the covenant rested beneath the wings of 1Ki 8:6,7; 2Ch 5:7,8; Heb 9:5
→ Figures of, embroidered
On the walls of the tabernacle Ex 26:1; 36:8
And on the curtain Ex 26:31; 36:35
→ In the temple 1Ki 6:23-29; 2Ch 3:10-13
→ Figures of
On the curtain 2Ch 3:14
- Form and appearance of
Eze 1:5-11,13,14
- Animated by the Spirit of God
Eze 1:12,20
- Engaged in accomplishing the purposes of God
Eze 1:15,21; 10:9-11,16,17
- The glory of God exhibited upon
Eze 1:22,26-28; 10:4,18,20
- Sound of their wings was as the voice of God
Eze 1:24; 10:5
- Placed at the entrance of Eden
- OF GOLD
. Formed out of, and at each end of the mercy seat
. Placed over the ark of the covenant
זָהָב (zahab) means gold and is derived from an unused root that conveys the idea of shimmering. It encompasses various aspects of gold, including its value as a precious metal, its use as a measure of weight, and its figurative brilliance. The term appears in contexts related to wealth, merchandise, and gifts.
זָהָב 385 n.m. gold
= gold-ore, gold in raw state
gold as wealth
gold as spoil of war
gold as merchandise
gold as costly gift
gold as material
gold described by its source
gold defined by var. adj. and pts.
as measure of weight and value
= golden oil, from colour
often named with
the chief vbs. used
base
H2091 זָהָב gold
2091 zahab zaw-hawb'
from an unused root meaning to shimmer; gold, figuratively,
something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky:--
gold(-en), fair weather.
זָהָב (za.hav) — gold.
1) gold
1a) as precious metal
1b) as a measure of weight
1c) of brilliance, splendour (fig.)
Aramaic equivalent: de.hav (דְּהַב "gold" H1722)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
gold (zahabh; chrusos):
1. Terms:
No metal has been more frequently mentioned in Old Testament writings than gold, and none has had more terms applied to it. Among these terms the one most used is zahabh. The Arabic equivalent, dhahab, is still the common name for gold throughout Palestine, Syria and Egypt. With zahabh frequently occur other words which, translated, mean "pure" (Ex 25:11), "refined" (1Ch 28:18), "finest" (1Ki 10:18), "beaten" (1Ki 10:17), "Ophir" (Ps 45:9).
Other terms occurring are: paz, "fine gold" (Job 28:17;
Gold
(1.) Heb. zahab, so called from its yellow colour (Ex. 25:11; 1 Chr. 28:18; 2 Chr. 3:5).
(2.) Heb. segor, from its compactness, or as being enclosed or treasured up; thus precious or “fine gold” (1 Kings 6:20; 7:49).
Gold was known from the very earliest times. (Genesis 2:11) It was at first used chiefly for ornaments, etc. (Genesis 24:22) Coined money was not known to the ancients till a comparatively late period; and on the Egyptian tombs gold is represented as being weighed in rings for commercial purposes. Comp. (Genesis 43:21) Gold was extremely abundant in ancient times, (1 Chronicles 22:14; 2 Chronicles 1:15; 9:9; Daniel 3:1; Nahum 2:9) but this did not depreciate its value, because of the enormous quantities consumed by…
A well-known valuable metal, found in many parts of the world, and obtained anciently in Ophir, Job 28:16; Parvaim, 2Ch 3:6; Sheba, and Raamah, Eze 27:22. Job alludes to gold in various forms, Job 22:24 28:15-19. Abraham was rich in it, and female ornaments were early made of it, Ge 13:2 24:22,35. It is spoken of throughout Scripture; and the use of it among and ancient Hebrews, in its native and mixed state, and for the same purposes as at present, was very common. The Ark of the Covenant was overlaid with pure gold; the mercy seat, the vessels and utensils belonging to the tabernacle, and those also of the house of…
מִקְשָׁה (miqshah) refers to hammered work, specifically in metals, and is associated with finely decorated cultic objects. It is derived from a related term meaning rounded work or moulded by hammering. The entries suggest a focus on the craftsmanship involved in creating these items.
מִקְשָׁה n.f. perhaps hammered work, only of metals (orig. turner’s work?)
base
H4749 מִקְשָׁה perhaps hammered work, only of metals (orig. turner’s work?)
4749 miqshah mik-shaw'
feminine of 4748; rounded work, i.e. moulded by hammering
(repousse):--beaten (out of one piece, work), upright, whole
piece.
see HEBREW for 04748
מִקְשָׁה (miq.shah) — beating.
hammered work, finely decorated cultic objects of gold or silver
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
→ See INDUSTRY
→ See LABOR
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
HVqi2ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine singularHVqi2ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo/Sp3mp — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3mp
שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two
base
H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two
8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim
dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also
(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +
twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
see HEBREW for 08145
שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.
1) two
1a) two (the cardinal number)
1a1) two, both, double, twice
1b) second (the ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
1d) both (a dual number)
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHR/Acbdc
too.
See NUMBER.
קָצָה (qatsah) refers to an end or extremity, indicating a termination point. It can denote a coast, corner, or edge, and is derived from the related word קָצָה (qatsah), which shares similar meanings. The entries collectively emphasize its use in describing boundaries or limits.
קָצָה n.f. et (pl.) m. end
base
H7098 קָצָה end
7098 qatsah kaw-tsaw'
feminine of 7097; a termination (used like 7097):--coast,
corner, (selv-)edge, lowest, (uttermost) participle
see HEBREW for 07097
see HEBREW for 07097
קָצָה (qa.tsah) — end.
1) end, extremity
1a) end
1b) from the whole of, from among (of what is included between extremities)
N-cp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כַּפֹּרֶת (kapporeth) refers to the 'mercy seat,' a term used specifically for the cover of the Ark of the Covenant. It is described as a place of atonement where the High Priest would sprinkle blood on the Day of Atonement, symbolizing reconciliation between God and His people. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to cover,' but some lexicons dispute the appropriateness of this derivation.
כַּפֹּרֶת n. propitiatory, late techn. word cover over sin: the older explan. cover, lid has no justification in usage
base
H3727 כַּפֹּרֶת propitiatory, late techn. word cover over sin: the older explan. cover, lid has no justification in usage
3727 kapporeth kap-po'-reth
from 3722; a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred
Ark):--mercy seat.
see HEBREW for 03722
כַּפֹּרֶת (kap.po.ret) — mercy seat.
1) mercy-seat, place of atonement
1a) the golden plate of propitiation on which the High Priest sprinkled the seat 7 times on the Day of Atonement symbolically reconciling Jehovah and His chosen people
1a1) the slab of gold on top of the ark of the covenant which measured 2.5 by 1.5 cubits; on it and part of it were the two golden cherubim facing each other whose outstretched wings came together above and constituted the throne of God
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa