Daniel 7:8 — Word Study
WLCמִשְׂתַּכַּ֨ל הֲוֵ֜ית בְּקַרְנַיָּ֗א וַ֠אֲלוּ קֶ֣רֶן אָחֳרִ֤י זְעֵירָה֙ סִלְקָ֣ת בֵּֽינֵיהֵ֔ן וּתְלָ֗ת מִן־ קַרְנַיָּא֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔א אֶתְעֲקַ֖רָה מִן־ קֳדָמַ֑הּ וַאֲל֨וּ עַיְנִ֜ין כְּעַיְנֵ֤י אֲנָשָׁא֙ בְּקַרְנָא־ דָ֔א וּפֻ֖ם מְמַלִּ֥ל רַבְרְבָֽן׃
BSAWhile I washâvâʼ contemplatingsᵉkal△ [meditating, carefully considering] the hornsqeren [a cornet] suddenly anotherʼochŏrîy [different, distinct] hornqeren a little onezᵉʻêyr△ [small, insignificant] came upçᵉliq [ascended, arose] among thembêyn and threetᵉlâth [a specific number, a triad] ofmin the firstqadmay [former, preceding] hornsqeren were uprootedʻăqar△ [completely removed, eradicated] beforemin itqŏdâm [in its presence, because of it] Thisdâʼ hornqeren had eyesʻayin [organs of sight, windows to the soul] like thoseʻayin of a manʼĕnâsh [human-like, with human characteristics] ◂and a mouthpum [the instrument of speech] that spokemᵉlal words of arrogancerabrab [boastful, proud, and haughty speech]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִשְׂתַּכַּ֨ל | considering | Verb masculine singular |
| הֲוֵ֜ית | I was | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common singular |
| בְּקַרְנַיָּ֗א | horns the | Preposition, noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| וַ֠אֲלוּ | and lo! | Conjunction, particle |
| קֶ֣רֶן | a horn | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| אָחֳרִ֤י | another | Adj |
| זְעֵירָה֙ | small | Adj |
| סִלְקָ֣ת | it came up | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| בֵּֽינֵיהֵ֔ן | between them | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וּתְלָ֗ת | and three | Conjunction |
| מִן־ | of | Preposition |
| קַרְנַיָּא֙ | horns the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔א | former | Particle |
| אֶתְעֲקַ֖רָה | they were uprooted | Verb imperfect, plural third person feminine plural |
| מִן־ | from | Preposition |
| קֳדָמַ֑הּ | before it | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| וַאֲל֨וּ | and lo! | Conjunction, particle |
| עַיְנִ֜ין | eyes | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| כְּעַיְנֵ֤י | like [the] eyes of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| אֲנָשָׁא֙ | humankind | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| בְּקַרְנָא־ | [were] on horn the | Preposition, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| דָ֔א | this | Particle |
| וּפֻ֖ם | and a mouth | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| מְמַלִּ֥ל | [was] speaking | Verb, Piel, participle (active) masculine singular |
| רַבְרְבָֽן׃ | great [things] | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | While I was contemplating the horns, suddenly another horn, a little one, came up among them, and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like those of a man and a mouth that spoke words of arrogance. |
| KJV | I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things. |
| ASV | I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things. |
| YLT | 'I was considering about the horns, and lo, another horn, a little one, hath come up between them, and three of the first horns have been eradicated from before it, and lo, eyes as the eyes of man [are] in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things. |
| WEB | “I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots; and behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking arrogantly. |
| BBE | I was watching the horns with care, and I saw another coming up among them, a little one, before which three of the first horns were pulled up by the roots: and there were eyes like a man's eyes in this horn, and a mouth saying great things. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of מְמַלִּ֥ל — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several subordinate clauses providing details about the horn's emergence and characteristics.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectפֻּם
verbהוה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 25 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 7:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of Danielgenerated
Daniel 7:8 describes a vision where Daniel sees various horns, including a new small horn that arises among them. This horn uproots three of the original horns and possesses both human-like eyes and a mouth that speaks arrogantly. This imagery is significant in the context of the beasts representing kingdoms and their rulers, as seen in the preceding verses of the chapter.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 7:20–25 | I also wanted to know about the ten horns on its head and the other horn that came up, before which three of them fell—the horn whose appearance was more imposing than the others, with eyes and with a mouth that spoke words of arrogance. |
| 2 | Daniel 8:9–12 | From one of these horns a little horn emerged and grew extensively toward the south and the east and toward the Beautiful Land. |
| 3 | Revelation 13:11–13 | Then I saw another beast rising out of the earth. This beast had two horns like a lamb, but spoke like a dragon. |
| 4 | Daniel 8:23–25 | In the latter part of their reign, when the rebellion has reached its full measure, an insolent king, skilled in intrigue, will come to the throne. |
| 5 | Revelation 9:7 | And the locusts looked like horses prepared for battle, with something like crowns of gold on their heads, and faces like the faces of men. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 14 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְמַלִּ֥ל, me.ma.Lilgenerated
The word מְמַלִּ֥ל (me.ma.Lil) is a participle from the root מָלַל (malal), which means 'to speak.' In this context, it describes the action of the horn that is characterized by its speech, specifically that it is speaking boastful words.
The participle form indicates ongoing action, suggesting that the horn's arrogance is a continuous behavior, not just a one-time event. This highlights the horn's defiance and pride in the vision.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the meaning of the horn speaking arrogantly.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is סִלְקָ֣ת (silkat), meaning 'came up.' It governs the action of the new horn appearing among the others. The structure includes a series of phrases that describe the horn's characteristics and actions.
The sentence is complex, with multiple clauses describing the horn's emergence, the uprooting of others, and its features. The emphasis on the horn's speech and appearance is notable, as it highlights its significance in the vision.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְמַלִּ֥ל as λαλοῦν (laloun), which means 'speaking.' This choice aligns with the original meaning but does not carry the same connotation of continuous action as the Hebrew participle does.
This translation choice indicates a focus on the act of speaking itself, rather than the ongoing nature of the horn's arrogance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 7:8 describes a vision where Daniel sees horns, including a new small horn that arises among them. This horn uproots three of the original horns and has human-like eyes and a mouth that speaks arrogantly. The imagery is significant in the context of the beasts representing kingdoms and their rulers.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The horn in Daniel's vision often represents a king or kingdom, particularly one that is arrogant and defiant against others.
The smallness of the horn may symbolize its initial insignificance compared to the others, yet it grows in power and influence.
Speaking arrogantly indicates pride and defiance, suggesting that this horn opposes God and His authority.
This vision connects to other prophecies about kingdoms and rulers, particularly in the context of God's ultimate sovereignty over all nations.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the appearance of the small horn teach us about how God can use the seemingly insignificant to accomplish His purposes?
- In what ways can pride and arrogance manifest in our lives, and how can we guard against it?
- How does understanding the significance of this vision impact our view of current events and leadership?
- What steps can we take to ensure our speech reflects humility rather than arrogance?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church fathers comment on this verse, interpreting the vision of the horns and the significance of the small horn in relation to historical events.
"I considered the horns." That is to say, I looked intently at the beast, and was astonished at everything about it, but especially at the number of the horns. For the appearance of this beast differed from that of the other beasts in kind.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
This is Antiochus, the persecutor of the Jews, who sprang up in the midst of the ten kings and grew up. And this last horn, he says, “after three of the earlier horns were plucked by the roots,Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Verse 8. "I was looking at the horns, and behold, another small horn rose up out of the midst of them, and three of the earlier horns were torn away before it.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 7 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 7:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleI considered the horns,.... The ten horns of the fourth beast; these the prophet particularly looked at, took special notice of them, carefully observed them, their number, form, and situation, and
Read John Gill on Daniel 7 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryI considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 7 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDaniel considered, and this calls upon us to consider the matter. Another little horn: some will have the Turk meant; others, before him, Antiochus Epiphanes; others Julius Caesar; others antichrist. It is certain the horn that riseth out of the he-goat is Antiochus, , but the horn here mentioned riseth out of the fourth beast, or under him. Therefore he must be the Turk, as some will have it, or the Romish antichrist. Not the Turk, since, 1. The horn signified only one king, . 2. He must gain all the fourth kingdom. 3. He must reign before the kingdom of Christ is erected. Before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: some will have Egypt, Asia, and Greece to be…
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 7 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 7:8 I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn [were] eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things.Ver. 8. And I considered the horns.] For without a serious and sedulous consideration I could not have kenned it. So slyly and secretly worketh the mystery of iniquity. And behold there came up among them another little horn.] This is Antiochus Epiphanes, say some, the Great Turk, say others, the Pope, say a third sort, and with them I concur, whose kingdom is here called a "little horn," because the Pope was at first a mean minister…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 7 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) I considered.—Literally, I kept on looking. Here, for the first time in the course of the vision, there appears a change taking place in the object itself. While the three beasts had passed away unchanged in any material addition, among the ten horns of the fourth beast there was seen to grow up a “little horn.” which destroyed three of the other horns. That a man, and not a kingdom, is intended, though the man may be the representative of a kingdom, appears from the mention of “the eyes of a man,” indicating craft and cunning, and “the mouth speaking great things,” implying vain-glory and blasphemy.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 7 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Another little horn] Among Protestant writers this is considered to be the popedom. Before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up] These were probably, 1. The exarchate of Ravenna. 2. The kingdom of the Lombards. And, 3. The state of Rome. The first was given to the Pope, Stephen II., by Pepin, king of France, A.D. 755; and this constituted the pope's temporal princes. The second was given to St. Peter by Charlemagne, in 774. The third, the state of Rome, was vested in the pope, both in spirituals and temporals, and confirmed to him by Lewis the pious. These are the three horns which were plucked up from the roots before the little horn. Were eyes like the eyes of a…
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 7 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. I considered the horns, and] I was contemplating the horns, when, &c. The force of the verb is apparent from its use in the Targ. of Onk., as Exodus 3:6, ‘he feared to gaze upon the glory of Jehovah,’ and Numbers 21:9, ‘when he looked attentively at (or contemplated) the serpent of brass.’ another little horn, &c.] R.V. (avoiding a possible ambiguity in the English) another horn, a little one, before which, &c. With ‘little’ cf. Daniel 8:9. No doubt the meaning is, little in its beginning, but soon increasing in power, till ‘three of the first horns were rooted up from before it.’ If the fourth beast symbolizes the empire of Alexander, the ‘little horn’ will be Antiochus Epiphanes, whose…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 7 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible8. This little horn and his horrible deeds will be described in detail later (Daniel 7:24-25; chap. 11).
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 7 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
While I was contemplating the horns, suddenly another horn, a little one, came up among them, and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like those of a man and a mouth that spoke words of arrogance.
“I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots; and behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking arrogantly.
While I was contemplating the horns, suddenly another horn, a little one, came up among them, and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like those of a man and a mouth that spoke words of arrogance.
“As I was contemplating the horns, another horn – a small one – came up between them, and three of the former horns were torn out by the roots to make room for it. This horn had eyes resembling human eyes and a mouth speaking arrogant things.
Tyndale line
I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking great things.
I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things.
I considered the horns, and, behold, there came up among them another horn, a little one, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots: and, behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things.
I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another little horn, before whom there were three of the first horns plucked up by the roots: and behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things.
As I considered the hornes, beholde, there came vp among them another litle horne, before whome there were three of the first hornes pluckt away: and behold, in this horne were eyes like the eyes of man, and a mouth speaking presumptuous things.
Strictly literal
I considered the horns, and behold, there came up among them another, a little horn, before which three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots; and behold, in this horn were eyes like the eyes of a man, and a mouth speaking great things.
'I was considering about the horns, and lo, another horn, a little one, hath come up between them, and three of the first horns have been eradicated from before it, and lo, eyes as the eyes of man [are] in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.
I was considering about the horns, and behold, another horn, a little one, has come up between them, and three of the first horns have been eradicated from before it, and behold, eyes as the eyes of man [are] in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.
I looked carefully at the horns, and, behold, another little horn came up between them, and three of the first horns were plucked up by the roots before the same; and, behold, there were eyes like the eyes of man in this horn, with a mouth speaking presumptuous things.
While I was considering the horns, I looked and saw another horn grow up among them, a little horn. Three of the first horns were wrenched out by the roots. I saw in this horn eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth that was boasting about great things.
From the Latin
I considered the horns, and behold another little horn sprung out of the midst of them: and three of the first horns were plucked up at the presence thereof: and behold eyes like the eyes of a man were in this horn, and a mouth speaking great things.
Simplified
As I was wondering about the horns, another horn, a little one, came up between them and three of the earlier horns were pulled out before it. It had human-looking eyes and a mouth that made arrogant boasts.
I was watching the horns with care, and I saw another coming up among them, a little one, before which three of the first horns were pulled up by the roots: and there were eyes like a man's eyes in this horn, and a mouth saying great things.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint generally agree in the wording of Daniel 7:8, with 19 of the 25 words matched. The differences in word order and articles reflect the distinct grammatical structures of Hebrew and Greek.
מִשְׂתַּכַּ֨ל הֲוֵ֜ית בְּקַרְנַיָּ֗א וַ֠אֲלוּ קֶ֣רֶן אָחֳרִ֤י זְעֵירָה֙ סִלְקָ֣ת בֵּֽינֵיהֵ֔ן וּתְלָ֗ת מִן־ קַרְנַיָּא֙ קַדְמָ֣יָתָ֔א אֶתְעֲקַ֖רָה מִן־ קֳדָמַ֑הּ וַאֲל֨וּ עַיְנִ֜ין כְּעַיְנֵ֤י אֲנָשָׁא֙ בְּקַרְנָא־ דָ֔א וּפֻ֖ם מְמַלִּ֥ל רַבְרְבָֽן׃
19 of the 25 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 7:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שְׂכַל (se.khal) means to consider or contemplate, and is noted in the context of the book of Daniel (Dn 7:8). It is an Aramaic word related to the Hebrew root for being prudent, שָׂכַל (sa.khal). The entries indicate its use primarily in Aramaic contexts.
[שְׂכַל] vb. Hithpe. consider, contemplate;—Dn 7:8
ref
H7920 שְׂכַל
7920 skal sek-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7919:--consider.
see HEBREW for 07919
שְׂכַל (se.khal) — to contemplate.
(Ithpael) to consider, contemplate
Aramaic of sa.khal (שָׂכַל "be prudent" H7919A)
Adj — Verb masculine singularAVMrmsa
הֲוָא (hava') means to come to pass, become, or be. It is used in various contexts, often in connection with other words, indicating actions like to see, seek, or walk. The entries highlight its range of applications in both Hebrew and Aramaic, with a focus on existence and becoming.
הֲוָא, הֲוָה 71 vb. come to pass, become, be
base
H1934 הֲוָא, הֲוָה come to pass, become, be
1934 hava' hav-aw'
(Aramaic) orhavah (Aramaic) {hav-aw'}; corresponding to 1933;
to exist; used in a great variety of applications (especially
in connection with other words):--be, become, + behold, + came
(to pass), + cease, + cleave, + consider, + do, + give, +
have, + judge, + keep, + labour, + mingle (self), + put, +
see, + seek, + set, + slay, + take heed, tremble, + walk, +
would.
see HEBREW for 01933
הֲוָא (ha.va) — to be.
1) to come to pass, become, be
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to come to pass
1a2) to come into being, arise, become, come to be
1a2a) to let become known (with participle of knowing)
1a3) to be
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singularAVqp1cs
קֶ֫רֶן (qeren) means 'horn' and can refer to a physical horn, a musical instrument, or a symbolic representation in visions. The word is built from the concept of a horn, and it appears in various contexts, including references to animals.
קֶ֫רֶן n.f. horn
base
H7162 קֶ֫רֶן
7162 qeren keh'-ren
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7161; a horn (literally or for
sound):--horn, cornet.
see HEBREW for 07161
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) as musical instrument
1b) symbolic (in visions)
1c) of an animal
Adj | N-fp | Art — Preposition · noun common masculine plural determined · particleAR/Ncmpd/Ta
אֲלוּ (aluw) is an Aramaic interjection meaning 'behold' or 'lo!'. It is likely derived from a root meaning to call attention, similar to the Hebrew word for 'woe'. The entries consistently define it as an expression used to draw attention.
אֲלוּ interj. lo!
base
H431 אֲלוּ
431 'aluw al-oo'
(Aramaic) probably prolonged from 412; lo!:--behold.
see HEBREW for 0412
אֲלוּ (a.lu) — behold.
behold!, lo!
Aramaic of al.lay (אַלְלַי "woe!" H0480)
AC/Tj — Conjunction · particleAC/Tj
קֶ֫רֶן (qeren) means 'horn' and can refer to a physical horn, a musical instrument, or a symbolic representation in visions. The word is built from the concept of a horn, and it appears in various contexts, including references to animals.
קֶ֫רֶן n.f. horn
base
H7162 קֶ֫רֶן
7162 qeren keh'-ren
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7161; a horn (literally or for
sound):--horn, cornet.
see HEBREW for 07161
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) as musical instrument
1b) symbolic (in visions)
1c) of an animal
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
horn (Hebrew and Aramaic qeren; keras; for the "ram's horn" (yobhel) of Jos 6 see MUSIC, and for the "inkhorn" of Eze 9 (qeceth) see separate article):
(1) Qeren and keras represent the English "horn" exactly, whether on the animal (Ge 22:13), or used for musical purposes (Jos 6:5; 1Ch 25:5), or for containing a liquid (1Sa 16:1,13; 1Ki 1:39), but in Eze 27:15 the horns of ivory are of course tusks and the "horns" of ebony are small (pointed?) logs. Consequently most of the usages require no explanation.
Horn
Trumpets were at first horns perforated at the tip, used for various purposes (Josh. 6:4,5).
Flasks or vessels were made of horn (1 Sam. 16:1, 13; 1 Kings 1:39).
But the word is used also metaphorically to denote the projecting corners of the altar of burnt offerings (Ex. 27:2) and of incense (30:2). The horns of the altar of burnt offerings were to be smeared with the blood of the slain bullock (29:12; Lev. 4:7-18). The criminal, when his crime was accidental, found an asylum by laying hold of the horns of the altar (1 Kings 1:50; 2:28).
The word "horn" is often used metaphorically to signify strength and honor, because horns are the chief weapons and ornaments of the animals which possess them; hence they are also used as a type of victory. Of strength the horn of the unicorn was the most frequent representative, (33:17) etc., but not always; comp. (1 Kings 22:11) where probably horns of iron, worn defiantly and symbolically on the head, are intended. Among the Druses upon Mount Lebanon the married women wear silver horns on their heads. In the sense of honor, the word horn stands for the abstract "my horn," (Job 16:16) "all the horn of Israel," (1 Samuel 2:3) and so for the supreme authority. It also stands for the concrete , whence it comes to mean king…
Of animals were used as drinking vessels, and to hold ointments, perfumes, etc., 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 1:39. The "horns of the altar" were its four corners and elevation on them, Ex 27:2 30:2. See ALTAR.
The principal defense and ornament of many beasts are in their horns; and hence the horn is often a symbol of strength, honor, and dominion. The Lord exalted the horn of David, and of his people; he breaketh the horn of salvation, and of defiling the horn in the dust, De 33:17 1Sa 2:1,10 Job 16:15 Ps 75:10
אׇחֳרָן (ochoriy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'another' or 'other.' It derives from the root of אַחֵר (acher), which also means 'another.' The entries consistently define it in this way, with no noted disagreements.
אׇחֳרָן adj.m. another
base
H317 אׇחֳרָן
317 'ochoriy okh-or-ee'
(Aramaic) from 311; other:--(an-)other.
see HEBREW for 0311
אׇחֳרִי (o.cho.ri) — another.
other, another
Aramaic of a.cher (אַחֵר "another" H0312)
Adj — AdjAAabsa
זְעֵיר (z'eyr) means 'little' or 'small' in Aramaic, corresponding to the Hebrew word זְעִיר (ze'ir). The word appears in the context of Daniel 7:8, where it is used as an adjective.
[זְעֵיר] adj. little, small;—fs. Dn 7:8.
ref
H2192 זְעֵיר
2192 z`eyr zeh-ayr'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2191:--little.
see HEBREW for 02191
זְעֵיר (ze.er) — little.
a little, small
Aramaic of ze.er (זְעֵיר "little" H2191)
Adj — AdjAAafsa
סְלֵק (seliq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to ascend or come up. It has various forms, including the P'al (to come up) and P'il (to come up). The entries indicate that it can also imply lifting or being taken up, showing a range of meanings related to upward movement.
[סְלֵק] vb. come up
Pe. come up
Haph. lift, take up
Hoph. be taken up
base
H5559 סְלֵק, נְסַק, סְלִק
5559 cliq sel-eek'
(Aramaic) a primitive root; to ascend:--come (up).
סְלֵק (se.liq) — to ascend.
1) to ascend, come up
1a) (P'al) to come up
1b) (P'il) to come up
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularAVqp3fs
בֵּין (beyn) means 'between' and is used as a preposition. It is related to the Aramaic word for 'between' and is linked to another Hebrew word, בַּ֫יִן (bayin). The entries consistently define it as indicating a position or relationship among items.
בֵּין prep. between (BH [בַּ֫יִן])
base
H997 בֵּין between (BH [בַּ֫יִן])
997 beyn bane
(Aramaic) corresponding to 996:--among, between.
see HEBREW for 0996
בֵּין (ben) — between.
between
Aramaic of ben (בַּ֫יִן ": between" H0996)
Adj | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3fp
תְּלָת (tlath) is an Aramaic word meaning 'three' and can also refer to 'third' as an ordinal number. It appears in various forms, including תְּלָתָה and תְּלָתָא. The entries consistently highlight its numerical significance.
תְּלָת n.m., תְּלָתָה f., three
base
H8532 תְּלָת, תְּלָתָה, תְּלָתָא
8532 tlath tel-awth'
(Aramaic) masculine tlathah (Aramaic) {tel-aw-thaw'}; or
tlatha (Aramaic) {tel-aw-thaw'}; corresponding to 7969; three
or third:--third, three.
see HEBREW for 07969
תְּלָת (te.lat) — three.
1) three
1a) three (cardinal number)
1b) third (ordinal number)
Adj | Adj — ConjunctionAC/Acbsa
(shalosh; treis).
See NUMBER.
The phrase "three days and three nights," Mt 12:40, was equivalent in Hebrew to the English "three days;" the Jews employing the expression "a day and a night" to denote our "day" of twentyfour hours. Nor did "three days," 1Sa 30:13, literally "this third day," according to their usage, necessarily include the whole of three days, but a part of three days, a continuous period including one whole day of twenty-four hours, and a portion of the day preceding it and the day following it. Compare Ge 7:12,17 1Sa 30:12-13.
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj — PrepositionAR
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קֶ֫רֶן (qeren) means 'horn' and can refer to a physical horn, a musical instrument, or a symbolic representation in visions. The word is built from the concept of a horn, and it appears in various contexts, including references to animals.
קֶ֫רֶן n.f. horn
base
H7162 קֶ֫רֶן
7162 qeren keh'-ren
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7161; a horn (literally or for
sound):--horn, cornet.
see HEBREW for 07161
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) as musical instrument
1b) symbolic (in visions)
1c) of an animal
Adj | Art — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
קַדְמָי (qadmay) is an Aramaic word meaning 'first' or 'former.' It is derived from a root related to another Hebrew word, קָדַם (qadâm), which also conveys the idea of being first. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as 'first' without significant disagreement.
[קַדְמָי] adj. former, first
base
H6933 קַדְמָי, קַדְמַי
6933 qadmay kad-mah'-ee
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 6923; first:--first.
see HEBREW for 06923
קַדְמַי (qad.may) — first.
1) former, first
1a) first
1b) former
Adj | Art — ParticleAAofpd/Ta
for'-mer:
The word in the sense of "maker," "framer," occurs only in Jer 51:19, "He is the former (from yatsar, "to form") of all things." The adjective, in the sense of preceding in the order of time, is commonly in Hob the translation of ri'shon, "first," "foremost" (Ge 40:13; Nu 21:26; De 24:4, etc.); in Greek of proteros (Eph 4:22; Heb 10:32; 1Pe 1:14); and in two cases (Ac 1:1; Re 21:4) of protos, where…
עֲקַר (aqar) means to be uprooted or plucked up. It is a denominative verb in the Hithpeel form, indicating an action of being rooted up. The term is referenced in Daniel 7:8, where it conveys the idea of being removed from the ground.
[עֲקַר] vb. denom. Hithpe. be rooted up;—Dn 7:8.
ref
H6132 עֲקַר vb. denom. Hithpe. be rooted up
6132 `aqar ak-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6131:--pluck up by the roots.
see HEBREW for 06131
עֲקַר (a.qar) — be uprooted.
1) to pluck, be rooted up
1a) (Ithp'al) to be rooted up
Adj — Verb imperfect · plural third person feminine pluralAVip3fp
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
Adj — PrepositionAR
קֳדָם (qodam) primarily means 'before' or 'in front of.' It is used in various contexts, including indicating position or time. The entries indicate its Aramaic roots and its connection to another Hebrew word, קָדַם (H6924). Daniel 7:13 is specifically noted for its use.
[קֳדָם] 42 prep. before
base
H6925 קֳדָם, קְדָם
6925 qodam kod-awm'
(Aramaic) or qdam (Aramaic) (Daniel 7:l3) {ked-awm'};
corresponding to 6924; before:--before, X from, X I
(thought), X me, + of, X it pleased, presence.
see HEBREW for 0l3
see HEBREW for 06924
קֳדָם (qo.dam) — before.
1) before, in front of
1a) before
1b) from before
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp3fs
אֲלוּ (aluw) is an Aramaic interjection meaning 'behold' or 'lo!'. It is likely derived from a root meaning to call attention, similar to the Hebrew word for 'woe'. The entries consistently define it as an expression used to draw attention.
אֲלוּ interj. lo!
base
H431 אֲלוּ
431 'aluw al-oo'
(Aramaic) probably prolonged from 412; lo!:--behold.
see HEBREW for 0412
אֲלוּ (a.lu) — behold.
behold!, lo!
Aramaic of al.lay (אַלְלַי "woe!" H0480)
AC/Tj — Conjunction · particleAC/Tj
עַ֫יִן (ayin) means 'eye' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to the physical eye, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[עַ֫יִן] n.f. eye
base
H5870 עַ֫יִן
5870 `ayin ah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5869; an eye:--eye.
see HEBREW for 05869
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
eye
Aramaic of a.yin (עַ֫יִן ": eye" H5869A)
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteANcmpa
עַ֫יִן (ayin) means 'eye' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to the physical eye, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[עַ֫יִן] n.f. eye
base
H5870 עַ֫יִן
5870 `ayin ah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5869; an eye:--eye.
see HEBREW for 05869
עַ֫יִן (a.yin) — eye.
eye
Aramaic of a.yin (עַ֫יִן ": eye" H5869A)
Adj | N-fp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructAR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱנָשׁ (enash) refers to a man or human being, and can also denote mankind collectively. It is related to the Aramaic term for human, אֱנוֹשׁ (enosh). The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a representation of humanity.
אֱנָשׁ n.m. man, mankind
base
H606 אֱנָשׁ
606 'enash en-awsh'
(Aramaic) or renash (Aramaic) {en-ash'}; corresponding to
582; a man:--man, + whosoever.
see HEBREW for 0582
אֱנָשׁ (e.nash) — man.
1) man, human being
2) mankind (collective)
Aramaic of e.nosh (אֱנוֹשׁ "human" H0582)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
קֶ֫רֶן (qeren) means 'horn' and can refer to a physical horn, a musical instrument, or a symbolic representation in visions. The word is built from the concept of a horn, and it appears in various contexts, including references to animals.
קֶ֫רֶן n.f. horn
base
H7162 קֶ֫רֶן
7162 qeren keh'-ren
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7161; a horn (literally or for
sound):--horn, cornet.
see HEBREW for 07161
קֶ֫רֶן (qe.ren) — horn.
1) horn
1a) as musical instrument
1b) symbolic (in visions)
1c) of an animal
Adj | N-fs | Art — Preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAR/Ncbsd/Ta
horn (Hebrew and Aramaic qeren; keras; for the "ram's horn" (yobhel) of Jos 6 see MUSIC, and for the "inkhorn" of Eze 9 (qeceth) see separate article):
(1) Qeren and keras represent the English "horn" exactly, whether on the animal (Ge 22:13), or used for musical purposes (Jos 6:5; 1Ch 25:5), or for containing a liquid (1Sa 16:1,13; 1Ki 1:39), but in Eze 27:15 the horns of ivory are of course tusks and the "horns" of ebony are small (pointed?) logs. Consequently most of the usages require no explanation.
Horn
Trumpets were at first horns perforated at the tip, used for various purposes (Josh. 6:4,5).
Flasks or vessels were made of horn (1 Sam. 16:1, 13; 1 Kings 1:39).
But the word is used also metaphorically to denote the projecting corners of the altar of burnt offerings (Ex. 27:2) and of incense (30:2). The horns of the altar of burnt offerings were to be smeared with the blood of the slain bullock (29:12; Lev. 4:7-18). The criminal, when his crime was accidental, found an asylum by laying hold of the horns of the altar (1 Kings 1:50; 2:28).
The word "horn" is often used metaphorically to signify strength and honor, because horns are the chief weapons and ornaments of the animals which possess them; hence they are also used as a type of victory. Of strength the horn of the unicorn was the most frequent representative, (33:17) etc., but not always; comp. (1 Kings 22:11) where probably horns of iron, worn defiantly and symbolically on the head, are intended. Among the Druses upon Mount Lebanon the married women wear silver horns on their heads. In the sense of honor, the word horn stands for the abstract "my horn," (Job 16:16) "all the horn of Israel," (1 Samuel 2:3) and so for the supreme authority. It also stands for the concrete , whence it comes to mean king…
Of animals were used as drinking vessels, and to hold ointments, perfumes, etc., 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 1:39. The "horns of the altar" were its four corners and elevation on them, Ex 27:2 30:2. See ALTAR.
The principal defense and ornament of many beasts are in their horns; and hence the horn is often a symbol of strength, honor, and dominion. The Lord exalted the horn of David, and of his people; he breaketh the horn of salvation, and of defiling the horn in the dust, De 33:17 1Sa 2:1,10 Job 16:15 Ps 75:10
דָּא (da) is an Aramaic word meaning 'this' and is used to indicate one thing in relation to another. It corresponds to the Hebrew word for 'this' and is noted in various contexts, though specific Old Testament references are not provided.
דָּא demonstr.pr.f. this
base
H1668 דָּא
1668 da' daw
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2088; this:--one..another, this.
see HEBREW for 02088
דָּא (da) — this.
this, one ... to ... another
Aramaic of geh (גֵּה "this" H1454)
Adj — ParticleATm
פֻּם (pum) means 'mouth' in Aramaic, likely derived from the Hebrew word for 'lip' (פֶּה, peh). The entries indicate that it can refer to the mouth in both a literal and figurative sense.
H6433 פֻּם
6433 pum poom
(Aramaic) probably for 6310; the mouth (literally or
figuratively):--mouth.
see HEBREW for 06310
פֻּם (pum) — mouth.
mouth
Aramaic of peh (פֶּה ": lip" H6310)
Adj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteAC/Ncbsa
mowth (peh, chekh, garon (Ps 149:6); Aramaic pum, tera (Da 3:26); stoma, 71 times, once logos, i.e. "word of mouth," "speech" (Ac 15:27); once we find the verb epistomizo, "to silence," "to stop the mouth" (Tit 1:11)):
1. Literal Sense:
In addition to frequent references to man and animals, "Their food was yet in their mouths" (Ps 78:30); "And Yahweh opened the mouth of the ass" (Nu 22:28); "Save me from the lion's mouth" (Ps 22:21), etc., the term is often used in connection with inanimate things: mouth of a…
Is sometimes used in Scripture for speaker, Ex 4:16 Jer 15:19. God spoke with Moses "mouth to mouth," Numbers 12.8, that is, condescendingly and clearly. The law was to be "in the mouth" of the Hebrews, Ex 13:9, often rehearsed and talked of. "The rod of his mouth," Isa 11:4, and the sharp sword, Re 1:16, denote the power of Christ’s word to convict, control, and judge; compare Isa 49:2 Heb 4:12. The Hebrew word for mouth is often translated "command," Ge 45:21…
מְלַל (melal) is an Aramaic verb meaning 'to speak' or 'to say.' It is related to the Hebrew word מָלַל (malal, Strong's H4448), which carries a similar meaning. The entries consistently emphasize its usage in the context of speaking.
[מְלַל] vb. Pa. speak, say
base
H4449 מְלַל
4449 mlal mel-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4448; to speak:--say,
speak(-ing).
see HEBREW for 04448
מְלַל (me.lal) — to speak.
(Pael) to speak, say
Aramaic of ma.lal (מָלַל "to speak" H4448A)
Adj — Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine singularAVprmsa
→ EVIL Ex 22:28; Job 19:18; Ps 10:7,8; 12:3,4; 34:13; 35:21; 41:5-9; 52:2-4; 59:12; 64:2-5; 69:12,26; 70:3; 102:8; 106:33; 119:23; 120:1-7; 140:3,11; Pr 4:24; 6:16-19; 8:13; 10:11,19,31,32; 11:11; 12:5,6,13,17-19; 13:3; 14:25; 15:1,4,28; 16:27,28; 17:4,9,20; 18:8,21,23; 19:1,22,28; 24:2; 25:23; 26:20-23,28; Ec 7:22; 10:11,20; Isa 6:5; 32:6,7; Jer 20:10; Mt 5:22,37; 12:34-37; Ac 23:5;
רַבְרַב (rabrab) is an Aramaic word derived from a root meaning 'huge' or 'great.' It describes something that is very large in size or domineering in character, and can also refer to a captain or chief. The entries emphasize its use as an adjective for greatness, both literal and figurative.
H7260 רַב, רַבְרַב
7260 rabrab rab-rab'
(Aramaic) from 7229; huge (in size); domineering (in
character):--(very) great (things).
see HEBREW for 07229
רַבְרַב (rav.rav) — great.
adj
1) great
1a) great
1b) great (fig. of power)
n
2) captain, chief
Adj — AdjAAafpa