Daniel 4:12 — Word Study
WLCעָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־ בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֜וֹהִי תַּטְלֵ֣ל׀ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֗א וּבְעַנְפ֙וֹהִי֙ יְדוּרָן֙ צִפֲּרֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א וּמִנֵּ֖הּ יִתְּזִ֥ין כָּל־ בִּשְׂרָֽא׃
BSAthe beastschêyvâʼ [wild animals, creatures] of the fieldbar of the airshâmayin
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עָפְיֵ֤הּ | foliage its | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| שַׁפִּיר֙ | [was] beautiful | |
| וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ | and fruit its | Conjunction, noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| שַׂגִּ֔יא | [was] plentiful | |
| וּמָז֨וֹן | and food | Conjunction, noun common both singular absolute |
| לְכֹ֖לָּא־ | for all | Preposition, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| בֵ֑הּ | [was] on it | Preposition, suffix |
| תְּחֹת֜וֹהִי | under it | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| תַּטְלֵ֣ל׀ | it had shade | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person feminine singular |
| חֵיוַ֣ת | [the] animal[s] of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| בָּרָ֗א | field the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| וּבְעַנְפ֙וֹהִי֙ | and in branches its | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| יְדוּרָן֙ | they nested | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person feminine plural |
| צִפֲּרֵ֣י | [the] birds of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שְׁמַיָּ֔א | heavens the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| וּמִנֵּ֖הּ | and from it | Conjunction, preposition, suffix |
| יִתְּזִ֥ין | it fed | Verb third, person masculine singular |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, both singular construct |
| בִּשְׂרָֽא׃ | flesh | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Its leaves were beautiful, its fruit was abundant, and upon it was food for all. Under it the beasts of the field found shelter, in its branches the birds of the air nested, and from it every creature was fed. |
| KJV | The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed of it. |
| ASV | The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the birds of the heavens dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed from it. |
| YLT | its leaves [are] fair, and its budding great, and food for all [is] in it: under it take shade doth the beast of the field, and in its boughs dwell do the birds of the heavens, and of it fed are all flesh. |
| WEB | Its leaves were beautiful, and it had much fruit, and in it was food for all. The animals of the field had shade under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it. |
| BBE | Its leaves were fair and it had much fruit, and in it was food enough for all: the beasts of the field had shade under it, and the birds of heaven were resting in its branches, and it gave food to all living things. |
Where they part company is in the translation of שַׁפִּיר֙ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with several supporting phrases that elaborate on the tree's characteristics and its interactions with creatures.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectוְ
verbדֶּתֶא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 19 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 4:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Vision of the Great Treegenerated
Daniel 4:12 describes a magnificent tree that symbolizes prosperity and protection. Its leaves are beautiful, and it provides abundant fruit and food for all creatures. The imagery emphasizes the tree's role in sustaining life and offering shelter, which reflects the care and provision of the Creator. This vision serves as a prelude to the unfolding narrative about the fate of the tree and its implications for the kingdom.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 27:6–7 | So now I have placed all these lands under the authority of My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. I have even made the beasts of the field subject to him. |
| 2 | Ezekiel 17:23 | I will plant it on the mountain heights of Israel so that it will bear branches; it will yield fruit and become a majestic cedar. Birds of every kind will nest under it, taking shelter in the shade of its branches. |
| 3 | Ezekiel 31:6 | All the birds of the air nested in its branches, and all the beasts of the field gave birth beneath its boughs; all the great nations lived in its shade. |
| 4 | Lamentations 4:20 | The LORD’s anointed, the breath of our life, was captured in their pits. We had said of him, “Under his shadow we will live among the nations.” |
| 5 | Mark 13:32 | No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שַׁפִּיר֙, sha.Pirgenerated
The adjective שַׁפִּיר (sha.Pir) means 'beautiful' or 'fair,' particularly in relation to nature. It highlights the aesthetic qualities of the tree's foliage, suggesting that it is not only functional but also visually appealing.
This word is used to convey the splendor of creation, emphasizing how beauty is inherent in the natural world, as seen in the context of the tree's leaves and overall appearance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the finite verb יִתְּזִ֥ין, it fed, which is supported by several noun phrases and prepositional phrases that describe the tree's attributes and its role in the ecosystem.
The structure emphasizes the tree's characteristics and its relationships with the creatures that depend on it, showcasing a complex interdependence in the natural order.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שַׁפִּיר֙ as καλός (kalos), which means 'good' or 'beautiful.' This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but broadens its application to include moral or ethical beauty.
This translation choice suggests an interpretation that not only recognizes the physical beauty of the tree but also its positive attributes in the context of creation.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 4:12 describes a great tree with beautiful leaves and abundant fruit that provides food for all creatures. Under its shade, wild animals find shelter, and birds make their nests in its branches. This imagery conveys the tree's significance in nature, illustrating how it supports life.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The tree symbolizes prosperity, protection, and the provision of sustenance for all creatures, reflecting God's care for creation.
The beauty of the tree highlights the splendor of creation and the importance of aesthetic qualities in nature, suggesting that beauty serves a purpose in the ecosystem.
The creatures depend on the tree for shelter and nourishment, illustrating the interconnectedness of life and the tree's vital role in supporting various forms of life.
This verse reflects themes of divine provision and the significance of God's creation, setting the stage for the unfolding narrative about the fate of the tree and its implications for the kingdom.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does the imagery of the tree enhance your understanding of God's provision in creation?
- In what ways can you recognize beauty in the natural world around you?
- How can you reflect the care and support that the tree provides to the creatures in your own life?
- What lessons can you draw from this vision about the interconnectedness of all living things?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Theodoret of Cyrus comments on the significance of the tree's beauty and its role in the ecosystem, drawing connections to the broader themes of authority and civilization.
By “foliage” he refers to the visible splendor in apparel, throne, palace, warriors bearing shields and javelins, and foot soldiers, and by “fruit” to the tribute offered from all quarters.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 4 →
Barbarians lived a wild life, whereas more reasonable and civilized people, rapid and uplifted in their thinking, continued to pass their life under his authority.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 4 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 4:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe leaves thereof were fair,.... Or "branches" (i), as some; and design either the provinces belonging to his empire, which were very large and flourishing; or the governors of them under him, as
Read John Gill on Daniel 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe fruit thereof much: this notes the public good and benefit of magistracy; so that it is better living under tyranny than anarchy, as Calvin saith.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 4:12 The leaves thereof [were] fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it [was] meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.Ver. 12. The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit.] But because pride harboured under these leaves and poisoned these fair fruits, they were broken down and trod under foot. The beasts of the field had shadow under it.] Great is the benefit of civil government, and far extending. But most men content themselves with a natural use of it, as beasts of the field do of their food, without improvement of any higher good.
Read John Trapp on Daniel 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) The fruit thereof much.—By this is implied the great quantity of fruit as well as the largeness of it.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. meat] in the old sense of the word (see on Amos 5:22; and cf. Genesis 1:29-30), food in general, not what we now call ‘meat.’ So Daniel 4:21. The Aram. word occurs in Syr. and the Targums; and twice in the Heb. of the O.T., Genesis 45:23 (A.V. ‘meat,’ R.V. ‘victual’), 2 Chronicles 11:23 (A.V., R.V. ‘victual’). had shadow … dwelt … was fed of it] Better, were sheltering …, dwelling …, was being fed from it. The tenses of the original denote what was habitual, and therefore might be observed as taking place continuously at the time of the dream. Cf. for the thought Ezekiel 31:6.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe leaves thereof were fair - Were beautiful. That is, they were abundant, and green, and there were no signs of decay.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible10-12. The king saw in his dream a lofty tree rising as it were out of the very center of the world, and continuing to grow until it reached the clouds and could be seen to the end of the earth.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Its leaves were beautiful, its fruit was abundant, and upon it was food for all. Under it the beasts of the field found shelter, in its branches the birds of the air nested, and from it every creature was fed.
Its leaves were beautiful, and it had much fruit, and in it was food for all. The animals of the field had shade under it, and the birds of the sky lived in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.
Its leaves were beautiful, its fruit was abundant, and upon it was food for all. Under it the beasts of the field found shelter, in its branches the birds of the air nested, and from it every creature was fed.
Its foliage was attractive and its fruit plentiful; on it there was food enough for all. Under it the wild animals used to seek shade, and in its branches the birds of the sky used to nest. All creatures used to feed themselves from it.
Tyndale line
The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the boughs thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.
The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was food for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the birds of the heavens dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed from it.
The leaves thereof were fair, and the fruit thereof much, and in it was meat for all: the beasts of the field had shadow under it, and the fowls of the heaven dwelt in the branches thereof, and all flesh was fed of it.
Its leaves were fair, and its fruit abundant, and in it was food for all: the beasts of the field had shade under it, and the fowls of heaven dwelt among its boughs, and all flesh was fed from it.
Neuerthelesse leaue the stumpe of his rootes in the earth, and with a band of yron and brasse binde it among the grasse of the fielde, and let it be wet with the dewe of heauen, and let his portion be with the beastes among the grasse of the fielde.
Strictly literal
Its leaves were beautiful, and its fruit abundant, and in it was food for all: the beasts of the field found shade under it, and the birds of the heavens dwelt in its branches, and all flesh was fed from it.
its leaves [are] fair, and its budding great, and food for all [is] in it: under it take shade doth the beast of the field, and in its boughs dwell do the birds of the heavens, and of it fed are all flesh.
its leaves [are] beautiful, and its budding great, and food for all [is] in it: under it the beast of the field takes shade, and in its boughs dwell the birds of the heavens, and of it are all flesh fed.
(4:9) Its foliage was splendid, and its fruit large, and on it was food for all: under it sought the beasts of the field for shade, and in its boughs dwelt the fowls of heaven, and from it was fed all flesh.
Its leaves were beautiful, its fruit was abundant, and on it was food for all. The wild animals found shade under it, and the birds of the heavens lived in its branches. All living creatures were fed from it.
From the Latin
Nevertheless leave the stump of its roots in the earth, and let it be tied with a band of iron, and of brass, among the grass, that is without, and let it be wet with the dew of heaven, and let its portion be with the wild beasts in the grass of the earth.
Simplified
Its leaves were beautiful, and it was full of fruit for all to eat. Wild animals rested in its shade, and birds nested in its branches. It fed all living creatures.
Its leaves were fair and it had much fruit, and in it was food enough for all: the beasts of the field had shade under it, and the birds of heaven were resting in its branches, and it gave food to all living things.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it is, while the Septuagint matches only a portion of the words, indicating some differences in translation. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide a partially restored text that aligns closely with the Masoretic version, showing consistency in the core message.
עָפְיֵ֤הּ שַׁפִּיר֙ וְאִנְבֵּ֣הּ שַׂגִּ֔יא וּמָז֨וֹן לְכֹ֖לָּא־ בֵ֑הּ תְּחֹת֜וֹהִי תַּטְלֵ֣ל׀ חֵיוַ֣ת בָּרָ֗א וּבְעַנְפ֙וֹהִי֙ יְדוּרָן֙ צִפֲּרֵ֣י שְׁמַיָּ֔א וּמִנֵּ֖הּ יִתְּזִ֥ין כָּל־ בִּשְׂרָֽא׃
7 of the 19 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
עקר שרשו׳הי בארע [א] שבקו ובאסור די פרזל ונחש [די] בר ובטל שמי א יצטבע ועם חות א חולק׳ה בעשב ארע א
18 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 4:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֳפִי (ophiy) refers to foliage or leafage, derived from the Aramaic word for branch. The entries consistently highlight its meaning related to leaves and collectively to foliage, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[עֳפִי] n.m. leafage, foliage
base
H6074 עֳפִי
6074 `ophiy , of-ee'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6073; a twig; bough, i.e.
(collectively) foliage:--leaves.
see HEBREW for 06073
עֳפִי (o.phi) — foliage.
leafage, foliage
Aramaic of o.phe (עֳפָיִם "branch" H6073)
ANcbsc/Sp3ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp3ms
שַׁפִּיר (sappiyr) is an adjective meaning 'fair' or 'beautiful,' particularly in reference to foliage. It is derived from a more intensive form related to another Hebrew word. The entries consistently emphasize its aesthetic qualities without significant disagreement.
שַׁפִּיר adj. fair, beautiful
base
H8209 שַׁפִּיר
8209 sappiyr shap-peer'
(Aramaic) intensive of a form corresponding to 8208;
beautiful:--fair.
see HEBREW for 08208
שַׁפִּיר (shap.pir) — fair.
fair, beautiful (of foliage)
AAabsa — AAabsa
אֵב (eb) means 'fruit' and can refer to fresh or young produce. It is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for greenery. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to fruit without significant disagreement.
[אֵב] n.m. fruit
base
H4 [אֵב] fruit
4 'eb abe
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3:--fruit.
see HEBREW for 03
אֵב (ev) — fruit.
fruit, fresh, young, greening
Aramaic of ev (אֵב "greenery" H0003)
AC/Ncbsc/Sp3ms — Conjunction · noun common both singular construct · suffixAC/Ncbsc/Sp3ms
שַׂגִּיא (saggiy') is an Aramaic word meaning 'great' or 'much,' and can also function adverbially as 'exceedingly.' It encompasses a range of meanings related to size and quantity, including 'many' and 'very.' The entries consistently emphasize its use in describing large amounts or degrees.
שַׂגִּיא adj. great, much
base
H7690 שַׂגִּיא
7690 saggiy' sag-ghee'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7689; large (in size, quantity or
number, also adverbial):--exceeding, great(-ly); many, much,
sore, very.
see HEBREW for 07689
שַׂגִּיא (sag.gi) — greatly.
adj
1) great, much
1a) great
1b) much, many
adv
2) exceedingly
AAabsa — AAabsa
מָזוֹן (mazown) means 'food' and is related to the Aramaic term for meat. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to sustenance, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.
מָזוֹן n.[m.] food
base
H4203 מָזוֹן
4203 mazown maw-zone'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4202:--meat.
see HEBREW for 04202
מָזוֹן (ma.zon) — food.
food, feed
Aramaic of ma.zon (מָזוֹן "food" H4202)
AC/Ncbsa — Conjunction · noun common both singular absoluteAC/Ncbsa
food:
I. VEGETABLE FOODS
1. Primitive Habits
2. Cereals
3. Leguminous Plants
4. Food of Trees
II. ANIMAL FOOD
LITERATURE
In a previous article (see BREAD) it has been shown that in the Bible "bread" usually stands for food in general and how this came to be so. In a complementary article on MEALS the methods of preparing and serving food will be dealt with. This article is devoted specifically to the foodstuffs of the Orient, more especially to articles of food in use among the Hebrews in Bible times. These are divisible into two main classes.
Food
Originally the Creator granted the use of the vegetable world for food to man (Gen. 1:29), with the exception mentioned (2:17). The use of animal food was probably not unknown to the antediluvians. There is, however, a distinct law on the subject given to Noah after the Deluge (Gen. 9:2-5). Various articles of food used in the patriarchal age are mentioned in Gen. 18:6-8; 25:34; 27:3, 4; 43:11. Regarding the food of the Israelites in Egypt, see Ex. 16:3; Num. 11:5. In the wilderness their ordinary food was miraculously supplied in the manna. They had also quails (Ex.…
The diet of eastern nations has been in all ages light and simple. Vegetable food was more used than animal. The Hebrews used a great variety of articles, (John 21:5) to give a relish to bread. Milk and its preparations hold a conspicuous place in eastern diet, as affording substantial nourishment; generally int he form of the modern leben , i.e. sour milk. Authorized Version "butter;" (Genesis 18:8; Judges 5:25; 2 Samuel 17:29) Fruit was another source of subsistence: figs stood first in point of importance; they were generally dried and pressed into cakes. Grapes were generally eaten in a dried state as raisins. Of vegetables we have most frequent notice of lentils…
In ancient the food of a people was more entirely the product of their own country than in our day. Palestine was favored with an abundance of animal food, grain, and vegetables. But throughout the East, vegetable food is more used than animal. Bread was the principal food. Grain of various kinds, beans, lentils, onions, grapes, together with olive oil, honey, and the milk of goats and cows were the ordinary fare. The wandering Arabs live much upon a coarse black bread. A very common dish in Syria is rice, with shreds of meat, vegetables, olive oil, etc., intermixed. A similar dish, made with beans, lentils, and various kinds of pulse, was in frequent use at an earlier age, Ge 25:29-34 2Ki 4:38-1.
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
AR/Ncbsd/Ta — Preposition · noun common both singular determined · particleAR/Ncbsd/Ta
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
AR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3ms
תְּחוֹת (te.chot) means 'under' and is an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew תַּחַת (ta.chat). It is primarily used as a preposition indicating a position beneath something.
תְּחוֹת prep. under (BH תַּחַת)
base
H8460 תְּחוֹת, תַּחַת
8460 tchowth tekh-oth'
(Aramaic) or tchoth (Aramaic) {tekh-oth'}; corresponding to
8478; beneath:--under.
see HEBREW for 08478
תְּחוֹת (te.chot) — under.
under
Aramaic of ta.chat (תַּחַת ": under" H8478)
ANcmpc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixANcmpc/Sp3ms
[טְלַל] vb. Haph. have shade;—Dn 4:9
ref
H2927 טְלַל have shade
2927 tlal tel-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2926; to cover with shade:--have a
shadow.
see HEBREW for 02926
טְלַל (te.lal) — to have shade.
(Aphel) to seek shade, have shade
Aramaic of ta.lal (טָלַל "to cover" H2926)
AVhi3fs — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person feminine singularAVhi3fs
חֵיוָא (cheyva') is an Aramaic word meaning 'beast' or 'animal.' It derives from the root related to living things, specifically חַיָּה (chay.yah). The entries consistently define it as a type of animal without significant disagreement.
חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה n.f. beast
base
H2423 חֵיוָא, חֵיוָה
2423 cheyva' khay-vaw'
(Aramaic) from 2418; an animal:--beast.
see HEBREW for 02418
חֵיוָא (che.va) — beast.
beast, animal
Aramaic of chay.yah (חַיָּה "living thing" H2416C)
Adj | Art — Noun common · feminine singular constructANcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בַּר (bar) refers to an open field in Hebrew and is noted as an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word for field, בָּר (bar, H1250). The entries consistently define it as a field without significant disagreement.
[בַּר] n.[m.] open field
base
H1251 בַּר
1251 bar bar
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1250; a field:--field.
see HEBREW for 01250
בַּר (bar) — field.
field
Aramaic of bar (בָּר "field" H1250B)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
feld.
See AGRICULTURE.
Field
(Heb. sadeh), a cultivated field, but unenclosed. It is applied to any cultivated ground or pasture (Gen. 29:2; 31:4; 34:7), or tillage (Gen. 37:7; 47:24). It is also applied to woodland (Ps. 132:6) or mountain top (Judg. 9:32, 36; 2 Sam. 1:21). It denotes sometimes a cultivated region as opposed to the wilderness (Gen. 33:19; 36:35). Unwalled villages or scattered houses are spoken of as “in the fields” (Deut. 28:3, 16; Lev. 25:31;
The Hebrew sadeh is applied to any cultivated ground, and in some instances in marked opposition to the neighboring wilderness. On the other hand the sadeh is frequently contrasted with what is enclosed, whether a vineyard, a garden or a walled town. In many passages the term implies what is remote from a house, (Genesis 4:8; 24:63; 22:25) or settled habitation, as in the case of Esau. (Genesis 25:27) The separate plots of ground were marked off by stones, which might easily be removed, (19:14; 27:17) cf. Job 24:2; Prov 22:28; 23:10 The absence of fences rendered the fields liable to damage from straying cattle, (Exodus…
עֲנַף (anaph) means 'bough' or 'branch.' It is derived from the Aramaic word for 'branch' and corresponds to another Hebrew word, עָנָף (anaph, H6057). The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to a part of a tree.
[עֲנַף] n.[m.] bough
base
H6056 עֲנַף, עֶנֶף
6056 `anaph an-af'
(Aramaic) or deneph (Aramaic) {eh'-nef}; corresponding to
6057:--bough, branch.
see HEBREW for 06057
עֲנַף (a.naph) — bough.
bough, branch
Aramaic of a.naph (עָנָף "branch" H6057)
AC/R/Ncmpc/Sp3ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixAC/R/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
דּוּר (duwr) means 'to dwell' and is used in the context of residing. It is an Aramaic term linked to the Hebrew word דּוּר (dur), which also means 'to dwell.' The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to habitation.
[דּוּר] vb. dwell
base
H1753 דּוּר
1753 duwr dure
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1752; to reside:--dwell.
see HEBREW for 01752
דּוּר (dur) — to dwell.
(P'al) to dwell
Aramaic of dur (דּוּר "to dwell" H1752)
AVqi3fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person feminine pluralAVqi3fp
צְפַר (tsphar) is an Aramaic word meaning 'bird.' It corresponds to the Hebrew word צִפּוֹר (tsippor, H6833), which also means 'bird.' The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to a bird.
[צְפַר] n.f. bird
base
H6853 צְפַר
6853 tsphar tsef-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6833; a bird. -- bird.
see HEBREW for 06833
צְפַר (tse.phar) — bird.
bird
Aramaic of tsip.por (צִפּוֹר "bird" H6833)
ANcmpc — Noun common · masculine plural constructANcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁמַ֫יִן (shamayin) refers to 'heaven' or 'heavens' in Hebrew, encompassing both the visible sky and the spiritual abode of God. It is a plural noun and is related to the Aramaic term corresponding to the concept of heaven. The entries consistently highlight its meanings without significant disagreement.
[שָׁמַ֫יִן] n.m.pl. heavens
base
H8065 שָׁמַ֫יִן
8065 shamayin shaw-mah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8064:--heaven.
see HEBREW for 08064
שָׁמַ֫יִן (sha.ma.yin) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible sky
1b) Heaven (as abode of God)
Adj | Art — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
hev'-'nz (shamayim; ouranoi): On the physical heavens see ASTRONOMY; WORLD. Above these, in popular conception, were the celestial heavens, the abode of God and of the hosts of angels (Ps 11:4; 103:19-21; Isa 66:1; Re 4:2; 5:11; compare Da 7:10), though it was recognized that Yahweh's presence was not confined to any region (1Ki 8:27). Later Judaism reckoned seven heavens. The apostle Paul speaks of himself as caught up into "the third heaven," which he evidently identifies with Paradise (2Co 12:2).
See HEAVENLY.
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
AC/R/Sp3ms — Conjunction · preposition · suffixAC/R/Sp3ms
[זוּן] vb. feed;—Hithpe. be fed: Dn 4:9
ref
H2110 זוּן
2110 zuwn zoon
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2109:--feed.
see HEBREW for 02109
זוּן (zun) — to feed.
1) to feed
1a) (Ithp'el) to feed oneself
AVui3ms — Verb third · person masculine singularAVui3ms
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It encompasses meanings such as every, any, and none. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, indicating totality or completeness.
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all
base
H3606 כֹּל, כָּל־
3606 kol kole
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3605:--all, any, + (forasmuch) as,
+ be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there
(where)-fore, + though, what (where, who)-soever, (the) whole.
see HEBREW for 03605
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, whole, the whole
1a) the whole of, all
1b) every, any, none
ANcbsc — Noun common · both singular constructANcbsc
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
בְּשַׁר (be.shar) means 'flesh' in Hebrew and is an Aramaic term corresponding to the Hebrew word בָּשָׂר (ba.sar, H1320). The entries consistently define it as flesh without additional nuances or disagreements.
בְּשַׁר n.m. flesh
base
H1321 בְּשַׁר
1321 bsar bes-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1320:--flesh.
see HEBREW for 01320
בְּשַׁר (be.shar) — flesh.
flesh
Aramaic of ba.sar (בָּשָׂר "flesh" H1320)
ANcbsd/Ta — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
@basar, she'er):
1. Etymology:
Used in all senses of the word, the latter, however, most frequently in the sense of kin, family, relationship (compare sha'arah, "kins-woman," Le 18:17): Le 18:6; 25:49; Pr 11:17; Jer 51:35, and probably Ps 73:26. In all other places she'er means "flesh" = body (Pr 5:11) or = food (Ps 78:20,27; Mic 3:2,3). Tibhchah, is "(slaughtered) flesh for food," "butcher's meat" (1Sa…
Flesh
In the Old Testament denotes (1) a particular part of the body of man and animals (Gen. 2:21; 41:2; Ps. 102:5, marg.); (2) the whole body (Ps. 16:9); (3) all living things having flesh, and particularly humanity as a whole (Gen. 6:12, 13); (4) mutability and weakness (2 Chr. 32:8; comp. Isa. 31:3; Ps. 78:39). As suggesting the idea of softness it is used in the expression “heart of flesh” (Ezek. 11:19). The expression “my flesh and bone” (
[FLOOD]
The substance of which the bodies of men and animals are composed. In the Bible, besides the ordinary sense, Job 33:25, it denotes mankind as a race, Ge 6:12 Ps 145:21 Isa 40:5-6; and all living creatures on the earth, Ge 6:17,19. It is often used in opposition to "spirit," as we use body and soul, Job 14:22; and sometimes means the body as animated and sensitive, Mt 26:41, and the seat of bodily appetites, Pr 5:11