2 Samuel 23:26 — Word Study
WLCחֶ֚לֶץ הַפַּלְטִ֔י עִירָ֥א בֶן־ עִקֵּ֖שׁ הַתְּקוֹעִֽי׃ ס
BSAHelezChelets [the warrior, descendant of Palti] the PaltitePalṭîy△ [a descendant of Palti, one who escapes] IraʻÎyrâʼ [a mighty warrior, great officer] sonbên [a descendant, offspring] of IkkeshʻIqqêsh [the father of a mighty warrior] the TekoiteTᵉqôwʻîy [an inhabitant of Tekoa, from the town of Judah]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| חֶ֚לֶץ | Helez | Noun proper masculine |
| הַפַּלְטִ֔י | the Paltite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| עִירָ֥א | Ira | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| עִקֵּ֖שׁ | Ikkesh | Noun proper masculine |
| הַתְּקוֹעִֽי׃ ס | the Tekoite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
| KJV | Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
| ASV | Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
| YLT | Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
| WEB | Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
| BBE | Helez the Paltite, Ira, the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, |
There are no significant differences in translation for this verse across the versions presented.
The verse consists of a single main clause listing the names of two warriors.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 6 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 23:26
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — David's Mighty Warriorsgenerated
2 Samuel 23:26 lists Helez the Paltite and Ira son of Ikkesh as part of David's elite warriors. This section emphasizes the strength and bravery of those who served under King David, showcasing their important roles in his reign. Each warrior is identified by name and lineage, reflecting their significance in Israel's military history.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 11:27 | Shammoth the Harorite, Helez the Pelonite, |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 27:10 | The seventh, for the seventh month, was Helez the Pelonite, an Ephraimite. There were 24,000 men in his division. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 11:28 | Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Abiezer the Anathothite, |
| 4 | 1 Chronicles 27:9 | The sixth, for the sixth month, was Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite. There were 24,000 men in his division. |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 14:2 | So Joab sent to Tekoa to bring a wise woman from there. He told her, “Please pretend to be a mourner; put on clothes for mourning and do not anoint yourself with oil. Act like a woman who has mourned for the dead a long time. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֶלֶץ, Che.letzgenerated
The name חֶלֶץ (Cheletz) refers to a notable warrior associated with King David. It is a proper masculine noun that appears five times in the Old Testament, indicating its significance. The name means 'he has saved', suggesting a connection to strength and valor.
Helez is mentioned as a descendant of Palti, linking him to a lineage of warriors. This connection highlights the importance of family heritage in the context of military service in ancient Israel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which identifies Helez as 'the Paltite' and Ira as 'son of Ikkesh the Tekoite'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is straightforward, listing names in a noun phrase format. The main focus is on the subjects: חֶלֶץ and עִירָא, both of whom are presented as warriors with their respective titles.
The Hebrew syntax emphasizes the lineage and identity of each warrior, with the noun phrases clearly delineating each individual's name and description.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חֶלֶץ as ελλης, which does not provide additional context but maintains the identification of Helez as a warrior.
This choice reflects a direct correspondence to the Hebrew without expanding on the meaning or significance of the name.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 23:26 lists Helez the Paltite and Ira son of Ikkesh as two of David's mighty warriors. Helez is identified as a warrior from the family of Palti, while Ira is noted as the son of Ikkesh, also a warrior. This verse highlights their roles and lineage in David's military.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Helez was a warrior in King David's service, identified as a descendant of Palti.
A Paltite is a descendant of Palti, indicating a lineage tied to the name which means 'escape'.
Ira is identified as the son of Ikkesh, linking him to a notable family among David's warriors.
Being a Tekoite indicates that Ira hailed from the town of Tekoa in Judah, marking his geographical and cultural background.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Helez and Ira notable warriors in David's army?
- How does understanding the lineage of these warriors enhance your view of their roles?
- In what ways do names and titles carry significance in your own community or culture?
- How can you apply the concept of lineage and heritage to your own life and identity?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 23:26 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHelez the Paltite,.... Who was of a place called Pater, as the Targum; in 1 Chronicles 11:27, he is called the Pelonite: Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite; who was of the city of Tekoah, the native
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHelez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite, Helez the Paltite , [ Chelets (H2503)] (see the notes at 1 Chronicles 11:27) - "the Paltite," a corrupt form of Pelonite.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(26) Helez.—He was general of the seventh army division (1 Chronicles 27:10). There, and also in 1 Chronicles 11:27, he is called a Pelonite.Ira was general for the sixth month (1 Chronicles 27:9). His home, Tekoah, was about six miles south of Bethlehem.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges26. Helez the Paltite] Generally explained to mean of Beth-pelet, an unid entified town in the extreme south of Judah, named in the same group with Beer-sheba (Joshua 15:27). But this seems questionable, as he is called an Ephraimite in 1 Chronicles 27:10. 1 Chron. twice reads Pelonite (1 Chronicles 11:27, 1 Chronicles 27:10), but there is no known place or family from which such a name could be formed, and it is either a corruption, or the Hebrew word meaning of so and so, inserted by a scribe who could not read the original word in the text which he was copying. Helez was general of the seventh division of the army (1 Chronicles 27:10). Ira … the Tekoite] Of Tekoa, see note on ch. 2…
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh from Tekoa,
Tyndale line
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite;
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite: Ira the sonne of Ikkesh the Tekoite:
Strictly literal
Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Chelez the Paltite, 'Ira the son of 'Ikkesh the Teko'ite,
Helez the Paltite, Ira son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
From the Latin
Heles of Phalti, Hira the son of Acces of Thecua,
Simplified
Helez the Paltite; Ira, son of Ikkesh, from Tekoa;
Helez the Paltite, Ira, the son of Ikkesh the Tekoite,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all six words matched. This consistency indicates a stable transmission of the text across these traditions.
חֶ֚לֶץ הַפַּלְטִ֔י עִירָ֥א בֶן־ עִקֵּ֖שׁ הַתְּקוֹעִֽי׃ ס
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 23:26
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
חֶ֫לֶץ (Chelets) refers to a name associated with two individuals in the Old Testament, both named Helez. One was an Ephraimite and a leader among David's mighty warriors, while the other was a man from Judah, son of Azariah. The name is linked to the meaning 'he has saved' and is derived from a root suggesting strength.
חֶ֫לֶץ n.pr.m. (viqour).
one of David’s heroes
man of Judah
base
H2503 חֶ֫לֶץ
2503 Chelets kheh'-lets
or Chelets {khay'-lets; from 2502; perhaps, strength;
Chelets, the name of two Israelites:--Helez.
see HEBREW for 02502
חֶ֫לֶץ (che.lets) — Helez.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.26
§ Helez = "he has saved"
1) an Ephraimite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors, leader of the 7th monthly course
2) a man of Judah, son of Azariah
חֶ֫לֶץ (che.lets) — Helez.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.39;
son of: Azariah (H5838J);
father of: Eleasah (H0501)
§ Helez = "he has saved"
1) an Ephraimite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors, leader of the 7th monthly course
2) a man of Judah, son of Azariah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
he'-lez (chelets "vigor"; Septuagint Selles, Chelles):
(1) 2Sa 23:26; 1Ch 11:27; 27:10. One of David's mighty men; according to 1Ch 27:10, he belonged to the sons of Ephraim and was at the head of the 7th course in David's organization of the kingdom.
(2) Septuagint Chelles, 1Ch 2:39. A man of Judah of the clan of the Jerahmeelites.
Helez
Strong, or loin (?) (1.) One of Judah’s posterity (1 Chr. 2:39).
(2.) One of David’s warriors (2 Sam. 23:26).
(strength). One of "the thirty" of David’s guard, (2 Samuel 23:26; 1 Chronicles 11:27) an Ephraimite, and captain of the seventh monthly course. (1 Chronicles 27:10) (B.C. 1016.) A man of Judah, son of Azariah. (1 Chronicles 2:39)
armed; set free
בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט refers to a location in southern Judah, meaning 'place of escape.' The term is associated with the Paltites, descendants of Palti, as noted in 2 Samuel 23:26. The word is built from the root for 'escape' and is linked to the group of Pelonites. There is some uncertainty about the exact lineage of the Paltites.
בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט n.pr.loc. (place of escape) in south of Judah; cf. adj.gent. הַפַּלְטִי
base
H6407 בֵּית פָּ֑לֶט, פַּלְטִי
6407 Paltiy pal-tee'
patronymically from 6406; a Paltite or descendant of
Palti:--Paltite.
see HEBREW for 06406
פַּלְטִי (pal.ti) — Paltite.
Someone descended from Pelon or Palet(?), first mentioned at 2Sa.23.26; also called Paltite at 2Sa.23.26;
Group of pe.lo.ni (פְּלוֹנִי "Pelonite" H6397)
§ Paltite = "escape"
a descendant of Palti or an inhabitant of Beth-palet
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
pal'-tit (palTi (as Palti); The Septuagint has: Codex Vaticanus Kelothei; Codex Alexandrinus Phellonei): The description occurs but once in this form and is then applied to Helez, one of David's 30 valiant men (2Sa 23:26). Helez' name, however, occurs in 1Ch 11:27 and 27:10 as the "Pelonite." Doubtless there is some confusion of words. The word may be given as a patronymic of Palti, or it may designate a native of the village of Beth-pelet mentioned in Jos 15:27 and Ne 11:26 as being in Lower Judah. Helez, however, is described as "of the children of Ephraim" in 1Ch 27:10.
Paltite
The designation of one of David’s heroes (2 Sam. 23:26); called also the Pelonite (1 Chr. 11:27).
עִירָא (Iyra') refers to a name meaning 'watchful of a city.' It is associated with three individuals from the time of the United Monarchy, all of whom were notable figures in King David's circle, including one of his great officers and two of his mighty warriors. The name is derived from the root meaning 'wakefulness.'
עִירָא n.pr.m.
of David
heroes of David
base
H5896 עִירָא
5896 `Iyra' ee-raw'
from 5782; wakefulness; Ira, the name of three
Israelites:--Ira.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִירָא (i.ra) — Ira.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Sa.20.26
§ Ira = "watchful of a city"
1) the Jairite, one of David's great officers
2) one of David's mighty warriors
3) a Tekoite, son of Ikkesh, and another of David's mighty warriors
עִירָא (i.ra) — Ira.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.26;
son of: Ikkesh (H6142)
§ Ira = "watchful of a city"
1) the Jairite, one of David's great officers
2) one of David's mighty warriors
3) a Tekoite, son of Ikkesh, and another of David's mighty warriors
עִירָא (i.ra) — Ira.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.38
§ Ira = "watchful of a city"
1) the Jairite, one of David's great officers
2) one of David's mighty warriors
3) a Tekoite, son of Ikkesh, and another of David's mighty warriors
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
i'-ra (`ira'; Eiras):
(1) A person referred to in 2Sa 20:26 as "priest" (so the Revised Version (British and American) correctly; the King James Version "a chief ruler," the American Standard Revised Version "chief minister") unto David. The translation of the Revised Version (British and American) is the only possible one; but, according to the text, Ira was "a Jairite," and thus of the tribe of Manasseh (Nu 32:41) and not eligible to the priesthood. On the basis of the Peshitta some would correct "Jairite" of 2Sa 20:26 into "Jattirite," referring to Jattir, a priestly city within the territory of Judah (Jos 21:14). Others point to
Ira
Citizen; wakeful. (1.) A Tekoite, one of David’s thirty warriors (2 Sam. 23:26).
(2.) An Ithrite, also one of David’s heroes (2 Sam. 23:38).
(3.) A Jairite and priest, a royal chaplain (2 Sam. 20:26) or confidential adviser (comp. 2 Sam. 8:18; 1 Chr. 18:17).
(watchful of a city). "The Jairite," named in the catalogue of David’s great officers. (2 Samuel 20:26) One of the heroes of David’s guard. (2 Samuel 23:38; 1 Chronicles 11:40) Another of David’s guard, a Tekoite, son of Ikkesh- (2 Samuel 23:26; 1 Chronicles 11:28) (B.C. 1046-1014.)
watchman; making bare; pouring out
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עִקֵּשׁ (Iqqesh) refers to a name meaning 'twisted' and identifies a man from Tekoa, mentioned in 2 Samuel 23:26 as one of David's mighty warriors and the father of Ira. The word is also associated with the adjective meaning 'perverse,' derived from a related term.
עִקֵּשׁ n.pr.m. a Tekoan
base
H6142 עִקֵּשׁ
6142 `Iqqesh ik-kashe'
the same as 6141; perverse; Ikkesh, an Israelite:--Ikkesh.
see HEBREW for 06141
עִקֵּשׁ (iq.qesh) — Ikkesh.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.26;
father of: Ira (H5896H)
§ Ikkesh = "twisted"
father of Ira, the Tekoite, and one of David's mighty warriors
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
(perverse), the father of Ira the Tekoite. (2 Samuel 23:26; 1 Chronicles 11:28; 27:9) (B.C. before 1046.)
forward; wicked
תְּקוֹעִי (teqo'i) refers to a Tekoite, an inhabitant of the town of Tekoa. It is derived from the root word for Tekoa, which means 'trumpet blast.' The entries consistently identify it as an adjective related to the people of Tekoa.
תְּקוֹעִי, תְּקֹעִי adj.gent. of foregoing [w.bp.ad]
base
H8621 תְּקוֹעִי, תְּקֹעִי
8621 Tqow`iy tek-o-ee'
or Tqo iy {tek-o-ee'}; patronymically from 8620; a Tekoite or
inhabitant of Tekoah:--Tekoite.
see HEBREW for 08620
תְּקוֹעִי (te.qo.i) — Tekoa.
Tekoite, of Tekoa "trumpet blast"
an inhabitant of Tekoa
Another spelling of te.qo.a (תְּקוֹעַ "Tekoa" H8620)
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa