1 Timothy 3:3 — Word Study
N1904μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην μὴ αἰσχροκερδῆ, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
BSAnotmē given to wine,paroinos [a drunkard, given to wine] notmē a strikerplēktēs [a bully, a striker] notmē greedy of base gainaischrokerdēs butalla gentle,epieikēs [moderate, fair] peaceable,amachos [not quarrelsome, a lover of peace] not loving money,aphilarguros [not greedy, not covetous, without a desire for filthy lucre]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| μὴ | not | Particle, negative |
| πάροινον, | given to wine, | Adjective, accusative, singular |
| μὴ | not | Particle, negative |
| πλήκτην | a striker | Noun, accusative, singular |
| μὴ | not | Particle, negative |
| αἰσχροκερδῆ, | greedy of base gain | Adjective, accusative, singular |
| ἀλλ᾽ | but | Conjunction |
| ἐπιεικῆ, | gentle, | Adjective, accusative, singular |
| ἄμαχον, | peaceable, | Adjective, accusative, singular |
| ἀφιλάργυρον, | not loving money, | Adjective, accusative, singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | not dependent on wine, not violent but gentle, peaceable, and free of the love of money. |
| KJV | Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; |
| ASV | no brawler, no striker; but gentle, not contentious, no lover of money; |
| YLT | not given to wine, not a striker, not given to filthy lucre, but gentle, not contentious, not a lover of money, |
| WEB | not a drinker, not violent, not greedy for money, but gentle, not quarrelsome, not covetous; |
| BBE | Not quickly moved to wrath or blows, but gentle; no fighter, no lover of money; |
Where they part company is πάροινον — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured as a series of characteristics, presenting both negative and positive attributes of church leaders.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the New Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — ὁ, the commonest word in the Greek New Testament, stands 19,867 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Timothy 3:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Qualifications for Overseersgenerated
1 Timothy 3:3 details the character traits that overseers must embody. Paul instructs Timothy that leaders in the church should not be dependent on wine or violent, but instead should be gentle, peaceable, and free from the love of money. This guidance is crucial for maintaining a healthy church environment, as it reflects the moral integrity expected of those in leadership roles.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Timothy 3:8 | Deacons likewise must be dignified, not double-tongued or given to much wine or greedy for money. |
| 2 | Leviticus 10:9 | “You and your sons are not to drink wine or strong drink when you enter the Tent of Meeting, or else you will die; this is a permanent statute for the generations to come. |
| 3 | Isaiah 5:11–12 | Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine. |
| 4 | Isaiah 28:1–7 | Woe to the majestic crown of Ephraim’s drunkards, to the fading flower of his glorious splendor, set on the summit above the fertile valley, the pride of those overcome by wine. |
| 5 | Isaiah 56:12 | “Come, let me get the wine, let us imbibe the strong drink, and tomorrow will be like today, only far better!” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 44 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — πάροινον, paroinosgenerated
The adjective πάροινος (paroinos) means 'given to wine' or 'drunken.' It is derived from παρά (near) and οἶνος (wine), indicating a person who frequently consumes alcohol. In this context, it warns against the dangers of excessive drinking for church leaders.
This word appears in both 1 Timothy 3:3 and Titus 1:7, emphasizing the expectation for leaders to maintain sobriety and avoid behaviors associated with drunkenness.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'not dependent on wine, not violent but gentle, peaceable, and free of the love of money.' This wording is consistent with the KJV and ASV, which also emphasize the need for leaders to avoid drunkenness and violence.
However, the New English Translation uses 'a drunkard' for πάροινον, which shifts the emphasis slightly compared to the more neutral 'given to wine' found in other versions. Additionally, the Darby Translation and others use 'no striker' for πλήκτην, while the BSB maintains a more straightforward description.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse is governed by a series of clauses, with the main verb being implied. The characteristics of the overseer are presented in a list format, with each quality introduced by a negative or contrasting conjunction.
The phrases describing the overseer include both negative and positive traits, indicating what they should not be and what they should aspire to be, creating a balanced view of leadership expectations.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In 1 Timothy 3:3, the word μὴ (mē), meaning 'not', appears three times. In the Septuagint, this word is used to translate the Hebrew אַל (al), which serves as an adverb of negation.
This choice emphasizes the prohibition of certain behaviors, reinforcing the moral and ethical standards expected of leaders in the church.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Timothy 3:3 instructs that church leaders must not drink excessively or be violent, but should be gentle and peace-loving. They should also not be greedy for money, highlighting the importance of character in leadership.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This means that church leaders should avoid excessive drinking and the behaviors associated with drunkenness, maintaining clarity of mind and moral integrity.
Being non-violent ensures that leaders promote peace and harmony within the church community, reflecting Christ-like behavior.
This implies that leaders should not be motivated by greed or financial gain, but should prioritize serving others and the church.
These qualities can guide church leaders and members alike in fostering a community that values gentleness, peace, and integrity over conflict and greed.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some practical ways I can demonstrate gentleness and peace in my interactions with others?
- How can I ensure that my motivations in serving others are free from greed?
- In what situations do I find it challenging to be non-violent or gentle?
- How can I support leaders in my church to uphold these qualities?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Various early church Fathers comment on the qualities expected of church leaders as outlined in this verse, emphasizing moral integrity and sobriety.
Beloved brethren! That a man should build up and establish the brethren on the faith in one God, this also is manifest and well-known. This too, again, is comely, that a man should not be envious of his neighbour.Early Church Fathers on 1 Timothy 3 →
Let your breath never smell of wine, lest the philosopher’s words be said to you, “Instead of offering me a kiss, you are giving me a taste of wine.” Priests given to wine are both condemned by the apostle and forbidden by the old law.……Early Church Fathers on 1 Timothy 3 →
"Not given to wine": here he does not so much mean intemperate, as insolent and impudent. "No striker": this too does not mean a striker with the hands.Early Church Fathers on 1 Timothy 3 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Timothy 3:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleNot given to wine,.... One that does not sit at it, or is continually drinking it, and is intemperate in the use of it; otherwise it is lawful for persons in such an office to drink wine, and
Read John Gill on 1 Timothy 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryNot given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; Not given to wine , [ Mee (G3361) Paroinon (G3943) includes, not indulging in the brawling which
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Timothy 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleNot given to wine; the word signifieth a common tippler, whether he drinks to the loss of his reason or no; a wine-bibber, that makes bibbing at a tavern his trade: no sitter at wine. No striker; no quarreller, that cannot keep his fists off him that provoketh him. Not greedy of filthy lucre; one that abhors all filthy and dishonest gain, any kind of way. But patient; epieikh, a fair, equal man, who will not exact the rigour of what he might; a patient, gentle, courteous man, so far from contention, that he will rather part with what is his right. Not a brawler; amacon, one that will not fight, whether it be with his hand or tongue. Not covetous; one that doth not love silver, that is, not…
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Timothy 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments3 Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous; Ver. 3. Not given to wine] No ale stake, tavern haunter, that sits close at it, till the wine inflame him. No striker] Either with tongue or hand. Such as were Timotheus Herulus, A. D. 467; Pope Julius III, who cast away his keys, and girt on his sword; Bishop Bonner, who usually buffeted the poor martyrs brought before him, pulling off their beards, &c. Cognata vitia sunt vinolentia et violentia, sicut et magna cognatio est, ut rei, sit nominis, divitiis et vitiis. Not greedy of filthy lucre] So as to get by unjust arts and sinful practices, as the pope by allowing the stews in Rome, and…
Read John Trapp on 1 Timothy 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Not given to wine.—Drunkenness is scarcely alluded to here. It is rather a warning against choosing for the sacred office one given to frequenting noisy banquets, where wild and imprudent words are often spoken. No striker.—Probably something more than merely brawling and fighting may here be included. Not only must the pattern minister of the Lord never smite his brother believer, but he must also never wound his soul with cutting, unkind words. Not greedy of filthy lucre.—The Greek word thus translated does not occur in the older MSS. in this place. But patient.—God’s minister must be considerate toward the prejudices of others, forbearing, and gentle. Not a brawler.—Better rendered…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Timothy 3 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. An eighth article in his character is, he must not be given to wine; μηπαροινον. This word not only signifies one who is inordinately attached to wine, a winebibber or tippler, but also one who is imperious, abusive, insolent, whether through wine or otherwise. Kypke contends for this latter acceptation here. See his proofs and examples. Ninth. - He must be no striker; μηπληκτην, not quarrelsome; not ready to strike a person who may displease him; no persecutor of those who may differ from him; not prone, as one wittily said, "To prove his doctrine orthodox By apostolic blows and knocks." It is said of Bishop Bonner, of infamous memory, that, when examining the poor Protestants…
Read AdamClarke on 1 Timothy 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. not given to wine] Margin R.V. expresses exactly the usage of the word, ‘not quarrelsome over wine,’ like the term so painfully familiar in our police-courts, ‘drunk and disorderly’: again peculiar to these Epp., here and Titus 1:7. For the simpler word with St Paul, cf. 1 Corinthians 5:11, ‘a drunkard,’ Ephesians 5:18, ‘be not drunken with wine.’no striker] The necessity for specifying this and the preceding qualification, so elementary as they seem to us, shews a state of society in which the plainest, most obvious meaning for ‘husband of one wife’ is the one most likely to have been meant, as argued above.not greedy of filthy lucre] Omit as not having ms. support and having come in…
Read Cambridge on 1 Timothy 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleNot given to wine - Margin, “Not ready to quarrel and offer wrong, as one in wine.” The Greek word (πάροινος paroinos) occurs in the New Testament only here and in Titus 1:7. It means, properly, “by wine;” i.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Timothy 3 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
not dependent on wine, not violent but gentle, peaceable, and free of the love of money.
not a drinker, not violent, not greedy for money, but gentle, not quarrelsome, not covetous;
not dependent on wine, not violent, not greedy for money, but gentle, peaceable, and free of the love of money.
not a drunkard, not violent, but gentle, not contentious, free from the love of money.
Tyndale line
Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre; but patient, not a brawler, not covetous;
no brawler, no striker; but gentle, not contentious, no lover of money;
no brawler, no striker; but gentle, not contentious, no lover of money;
Not given to wine, no striker, not greedy of filthy lucre, but patient; not a brawler, not covetous;
Not giuen to wine, no striker, not giuen to filthy lucre, but gentle, no fighter, not couetous,
Strictly literal
not given to excesses from wine, not a striker, but mild, not addicted to contention, not fond of money,
not given to wine, not a striker, not given to filthy lucre, but gentle, not contentious, not a lover of money,
not given to wine, not a striker, but gentle, not contentious, not a lover of money,
He must not be addicted to wine, not a brawler, but instead, gentle, peaceful. He must not be a lover of money.
From the Latin
Not given to wine, no striker, but modest, not quarrelsome, not covetous, but
Simplified
He should be someone who doesn't get drunk or become violent, but is gentle, and is not argumentative or greedy for money.
Not quickly moved to wrath or blows, but gentle; no fighter, no lover of money;
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the Nestle 1904 treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The earliest translations — Latin and Syriac
Every translation is an argument about meaning made by someone who had to commit to one. These two were made while the Greek was still a living language, and they are the oldest opinions we have about what this verse says.
non vinolentum, non percussorem, sed modestum : non litigiosum, non cupidum, sed
Jerome revised the Old Latin against the Greek from AD 382; the Latin west read this text for a thousand years.
ܘܠܐ ܥܒܪ ܥܠ ܚܡܪܐ ܘܠܐ ܪܗܛܐ ܐܝܕܗ ܠܡܡܚܐ ܐܠܐ ܢܗܘܐ ܡܟܝܟ ܘܠܐ ܢܨܝ ܘܠܐ ܪܚܡ ܟܣܦܐ
The Bible of the Syriac-speaking church, in the language nearest to the Aramaic Jesus spoke.
Shown verse by verse rather than word by word: aligning a Greek word to its Latin or Syriac counterpart automatically would be guesswork, and a wrong alignment is worse than none.
The Greek editions compared — what the manuscripts actually say
Eight printed editions of the Greek New Testament, side by side. Where they agree the wording is settled; where a word is missing from an edition it is marked, so you can see the difference rather than take it on trust.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The standard critical text of the New Testament.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The previous edition, still widely cited.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The Society of Biblical Literature edition, freely licensed.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The edition that turned scholarship toward the earliest manuscripts.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
An independent critical text built from the oldest witnesses then known.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην — — ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
A recent critical edition following documentary evidence closely.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην μὴ αἰσχροκερδῆ, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The reading of the majority of surviving manuscripts.
μὴ πάροινον, μὴ πλήκτην μὴ αἰσχροκερδῆ, ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικῆ, ἄμαχον, ἀφιλάργυρον,
The printed tradition behind the King James Version.
A witness that read differently would show its variant word here, marked.
Word by word, across the editions
| Word | Editions carrying it | Missing from |
|---|---|---|
| μὴ not | TR, Byz | NA28, NA27, SBL, WH, Treg, Tyn |
| αἰσχροκερδῆ, greedy of base gain | TR, Byz | NA28, NA27, SBL, WH, Treg, Tyn |
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Greek New Testament — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Timothy 3:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Greek lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. Imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, the full Liddell-Scott-Jones, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate LSJ, Robinson and Packard on the Greek, Webster and Cawdrey on the English the translators were using. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
μή (mē) is a Greek negative particle used to express subjective negation, often in conditional or hypothetical contexts. It contrasts with οὐ (ou), which indicates absolute denial. μή can function as an adverb meaning 'not' or as a conjunction meaning 'lest.' It appears in various grammatical constructions, including prohibitions and deliberative questions, and is referenced in verses like Matthew 5:29 and John 3:18.
μή,
subjective negative particle,
used where the negation depends on a condition or hypothesis, expressed or understood, as distinct from οὐ, which denies absolutely. μή is used where one thinks a thing is not, as distinct from an absolute negation. As a general rule, οὐ negatives the indic., μή the other moods, incl, ptcp. [In LXX for אֵין, אַיִן, אַל.]
As a neg. adv., not;
with ref. to thought or opinion: Jo 3:18, Tit 1:11, II Pe 1:9.
μή, Sept. for Ox, |X, PN, ἃ particle of negation, which differs from οὐ (which is always an adverb) in that ov denies the thing itself (orto speak technically, denies simply, absolutely, categorically, directly, objectively). but μή denies the thought of the thing, or the thing according to the judgment, opinion, will, purpose, preference, of some one (hence, as we say technically, indirectly, hypothetically, subjectively). This distinction holds also of the compounds οὐδείς, μηδείς, οὐκέτι, μηκέτι, ete. But pris either an ad verb of negation, not (Lat. non, ne); or aconjunction, that... not, lest, (Lat. ne); or an interrogative particle, (Lat. num) [i. e. (generally) implying aneg. ans.; in indir. quest. whether nol (suggesting apprehension) ]. Cf. Herm. ad Vig. § 267 p- 802 sqq-; Matthiae § 608; Bitm. Gram. § 148 (cf. Alex. Bttm. N. T. Gr. p. 344 (296) sqq.); Kiihner ii. §§ 512 sq. p.…
Read the full entry →μή Grenf II. 384 (mid. 1.8.6.) καλῶς οὖ]ν ποιήσις μὴ ἀμελήσ[α]ς α[. . ἀγο]ράσαι. .. , P Oxy I. 3815 (a.p. 49--50) (= Selections, p. 53) τοῦ δὲ Σύρου μὴ βουλομένου ἐνμεῖναι τοῖς κεκριμένοις, “45 Syrus does not wish to abide by what has been decided,” 2d. II. 2755 (A.D. 66) (= Selections, p. 58) ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ μὴ ἰδότος γράμματα, “1 wrote for him seeing that he was unlettered,” BGU I. 22° (a.p. 114) (= Selections, p. 74) TappovOios . . . τὸ παρὸν μὴ ἔχουσα κύριον, ‘ Tarmuthis at present without a guardian,’ and P Grenf II. 779 (iii/iv A.D.) (= Sedections, p. 120) θαυμάζω πάνυ [ὅτι] ἀλόγως ἀπέστητε μὴ ἄραντες [τὸ σ]ῶμα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὑμῶν, “1 wonder exceedingly that you went off so unreasonably, without taking the body of your brother”; cf. P Tor 1. 1¥8-4 (νον 116) εἰ δὲ kal τις θείηι τὸ μὴ ὄν (cf. 1 Cor 1°8)—acc. and inf. follow, P Ryl II. 144°? (Α.Ὁ. 38) ἐπαγαγεῖν αἰτίας τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ‘‘…
Read the full entry →μή (mē) — not.
μή,
Elean μά [ᾱ] [Refs 6th c.BC+]. (Cf. Sanskrit mā´, Armenian mi [from I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+] mē´], negative used in prohibitions):—not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)
__A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,
__A.1 with present imperative, 2 person, μή μ᾽ ἐρέθιζε [Refs 8th c.BC+]: rarely with aorist imperative, μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Attic dialect, μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect imperative [Refs 8th c.BC+] person when perfect = present, μὴ κεκράγετε [Refs 5th c.BC+]
μή
me
a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an
absolute denial); (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an
interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an
affirmative one)) whether:--any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, +
lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not,
nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in
substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372,
3373, 3375, 3378.
see GREEK for 3756
see GREEK for 3362
see GREEK for 3363
see GREEK for 3364
see GREEK for 3372
see GREEK for 3373
see GREEK for 3375
see GREEK for 3378
μή
Neg.prt.
not, lest
μή mē 1x
a negative particle, can function as a conj, not, for the particulars of its usage, especially as distinguished from that of οὐ, consult a grammar; as a conj., lest, that not, Mt. 5:29, 30; 18:10; 24:6; Mk. 13:36; μή, or μήτι, or μήποτε, when prefixed to an interrogative clause, it expresses an intimation either of the reality of the matters respecting which the question is asked, Mt. 12:23; or the contrary, Jn. 4:12
Particle-N — Particle · negativeparticle — a small word colouring the clause; it does not decline.
PRT-N PaRTicle, disjunctive particle Negative
1,085 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 23 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 1,060 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Counted over the 1,321 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
The Greek word πάροινος (paroinos) is built from παρά (near) and οἶνος (wine), meaning 'given to wine' or 'drunken.' It appears in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 3:3 and Titus 1:7, where it describes a person prone to drunkenness, with some sources suggesting a secondary meaning of being quarrelsome.
πάροινος, -ov, a later Grk. word for the earlier παρoinos, (παρά [q.v- IV.1] and οἶνος, one who sits long at his wine), given to wine, drunken: 1 Tim. iii. 3; Tit. i. 7; [al. give it the secondary sense, ‘quarrelsome over wine’; hence, brawling, abusive].
πάροινος (paroinos) — drunken.
πάροιν-ος, ον,
={παροινικός}, Pratin.[Refs 5th c.BC+]; μάχαι π. [Refs];τὸ σὸν π. [Refs 4th c.BC+]. adverb -νως [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II. ={παροίνιος}[Refs 2nd c.AD+]
πάροινος
paroinos
from 3844 and 3631; staying near wine, i.e. tippling (a toper):--given
to wine.
see GREEK for 3844
see GREEK for 3631
πάροινος, ον
Adj
given to wine, drunken
πάροινος paroinos 2x
pr. pertaining to wine, drunken; hence, quarrelsome, insolent, overbearing, 1 Tim. 3:3; Tit. 1:7*
πάροινος πάρ-οινος, ον, = παροινικός, Lys., etc.
Adj-ASM — Adjective · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-ASM Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
Wine
The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.
(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.
(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…
The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,
2 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
μή (mē) is a Greek negative particle used to express subjective negation, often in conditional or hypothetical contexts. It contrasts with οὐ (ou), which indicates absolute denial. μή can function as an adverb meaning 'not' or as a conjunction meaning 'lest.' It appears in various grammatical constructions, including prohibitions and deliberative questions, and is referenced in verses like Matthew 5:29 and John 3:18.
μή,
subjective negative particle,
used where the negation depends on a condition or hypothesis, expressed or understood, as distinct from οὐ, which denies absolutely. μή is used where one thinks a thing is not, as distinct from an absolute negation. As a general rule, οὐ negatives the indic., μή the other moods, incl, ptcp. [In LXX for אֵין, אַיִן, אַל.]
As a neg. adv., not;
with ref. to thought or opinion: Jo 3:18, Tit 1:11, II Pe 1:9.
μή, Sept. for Ox, |X, PN, ἃ particle of negation, which differs from οὐ (which is always an adverb) in that ov denies the thing itself (orto speak technically, denies simply, absolutely, categorically, directly, objectively). but μή denies the thought of the thing, or the thing according to the judgment, opinion, will, purpose, preference, of some one (hence, as we say technically, indirectly, hypothetically, subjectively). This distinction holds also of the compounds οὐδείς, μηδείς, οὐκέτι, μηκέτι, ete. But pris either an ad verb of negation, not (Lat. non, ne); or aconjunction, that... not, lest, (Lat. ne); or an interrogative particle, (Lat. num) [i. e. (generally) implying aneg. ans.; in indir. quest. whether nol (suggesting apprehension) ]. Cf. Herm. ad Vig. § 267 p- 802 sqq-; Matthiae § 608; Bitm. Gram. § 148 (cf. Alex. Bttm. N. T. Gr. p. 344 (296) sqq.); Kiihner ii. §§ 512 sq. p.…
Read the full entry →μή Grenf II. 384 (mid. 1.8.6.) καλῶς οὖ]ν ποιήσις μὴ ἀμελήσ[α]ς α[. . ἀγο]ράσαι. .. , P Oxy I. 3815 (a.p. 49--50) (= Selections, p. 53) τοῦ δὲ Σύρου μὴ βουλομένου ἐνμεῖναι τοῖς κεκριμένοις, “45 Syrus does not wish to abide by what has been decided,” 2d. II. 2755 (A.D. 66) (= Selections, p. 58) ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ μὴ ἰδότος γράμματα, “1 wrote for him seeing that he was unlettered,” BGU I. 22° (a.p. 114) (= Selections, p. 74) TappovOios . . . τὸ παρὸν μὴ ἔχουσα κύριον, ‘ Tarmuthis at present without a guardian,’ and P Grenf II. 779 (iii/iv A.D.) (= Sedections, p. 120) θαυμάζω πάνυ [ὅτι] ἀλόγως ἀπέστητε μὴ ἄραντες [τὸ σ]ῶμα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὑμῶν, “1 wonder exceedingly that you went off so unreasonably, without taking the body of your brother”; cf. P Tor 1. 1¥8-4 (νον 116) εἰ δὲ kal τις θείηι τὸ μὴ ὄν (cf. 1 Cor 1°8)—acc. and inf. follow, P Ryl II. 144°? (Α.Ὁ. 38) ἐπαγαγεῖν αἰτίας τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ‘‘…
Read the full entry →μή (mē) — not.
μή,
Elean μά [ᾱ] [Refs 6th c.BC+]. (Cf. Sanskrit mā´, Armenian mi [from I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+] mē´], negative used in prohibitions):—not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)
__A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,
__A.1 with present imperative, 2 person, μή μ᾽ ἐρέθιζε [Refs 8th c.BC+]: rarely with aorist imperative, μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Attic dialect, μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect imperative [Refs 8th c.BC+] person when perfect = present, μὴ κεκράγετε [Refs 5th c.BC+]
μή
me
a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an
absolute denial); (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an
interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an
affirmative one)) whether:--any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, +
lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not,
nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in
substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372,
3373, 3375, 3378.
see GREEK for 3756
see GREEK for 3362
see GREEK for 3363
see GREEK for 3364
see GREEK for 3372
see GREEK for 3373
see GREEK for 3375
see GREEK for 3378
μή
Neg.prt.
not, lest
μή mē 1x
a negative particle, can function as a conj, not, for the particulars of its usage, especially as distinguished from that of οὐ, consult a grammar; as a conj., lest, that not, Mt. 5:29, 30; 18:10; 24:6; Mk. 13:36; μή, or μήτι, or μήποτε, when prefixed to an interrogative clause, it expresses an intimation either of the reality of the matters respecting which the question is asked, Mt. 12:23; or the contrary, Jn. 4:12
Particle-N — Particle · negativeparticle — a small word colouring the clause; it does not decline.
PRT-N PaRTicle, disjunctive particle Negative
1,085 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 23 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 1,060 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Counted over the 1,321 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
The Greek word πλήκτης (i.e., *plēktēs*) means a striker or brawler, derived from the verb πλήσσω (to strike). It refers to a contentious or quarrelsome person, appearing in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 3:3 and Titus 1:7. The entries consistently emphasize its association with violence and pugnacity.
** πλήκτης, -ου, ὁ
(< πλήσσω),
[in Sm.: Ps 34 (35):15*;]
a striker, brawler: I Ti 3:3, Tit 1:7 (Arist., Plut., al.).†
πλήκτης, -ου, ὅ, (πλήσσω), (Vulgate percussor), [A. V. striker], bruiser, ready with a blow; a pugnacious, con tentious, quarrelsome person: 1 Tim. iii. 3; Tit. i 7. (Plut. Marcell. 1; Pyrrh. 30; Crass. 9; Fab. 19; Diog. Laért. 6, 38; al.)
πλήκτης (plēktēs) — bully.
πλήκ-της, ου, ὁ,
striker, brawler, [NT+5th c.BC+]; violent, fierce, ἄνδρες π. καὶ μάχιμοι [Refs 1st c.AD+]; of wine, π. καὶ ὀξύς [Refs]; of the sun, [Refs]
πλήκτης
plektes
from 4141; a smiter, i.e. pugnacious (quarrelsome):--striker.
see GREEK for 4141
πλήκτης, ου, ὁ
n.m.
a contentious person
πλήκτης plēktēs 2x
a striker, one apt to strike; a quarrelsome, violent person, 1 Tim. 3:3; Tit. 1:7*
πλήκτης πλήκτης, ου, ὁ, πλήσσω a striker, brawler, Plut.
Noun-ASM — Noun · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-ASM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
2 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
μή (mē) is a Greek negative particle used to express subjective negation, often in conditional or hypothetical contexts. It contrasts with οὐ (ou), which indicates absolute denial. μή can function as an adverb meaning 'not' or as a conjunction meaning 'lest.' It appears in various grammatical constructions, including prohibitions and deliberative questions, and is referenced in verses like Matthew 5:29 and John 3:18.
μή,
subjective negative particle,
used where the negation depends on a condition or hypothesis, expressed or understood, as distinct from οὐ, which denies absolutely. μή is used where one thinks a thing is not, as distinct from an absolute negation. As a general rule, οὐ negatives the indic., μή the other moods, incl, ptcp. [In LXX for אֵין, אַיִן, אַל.]
As a neg. adv., not;
with ref. to thought or opinion: Jo 3:18, Tit 1:11, II Pe 1:9.
μή, Sept. for Ox, |X, PN, ἃ particle of negation, which differs from οὐ (which is always an adverb) in that ov denies the thing itself (orto speak technically, denies simply, absolutely, categorically, directly, objectively). but μή denies the thought of the thing, or the thing according to the judgment, opinion, will, purpose, preference, of some one (hence, as we say technically, indirectly, hypothetically, subjectively). This distinction holds also of the compounds οὐδείς, μηδείς, οὐκέτι, μηκέτι, ete. But pris either an ad verb of negation, not (Lat. non, ne); or aconjunction, that... not, lest, (Lat. ne); or an interrogative particle, (Lat. num) [i. e. (generally) implying aneg. ans.; in indir. quest. whether nol (suggesting apprehension) ]. Cf. Herm. ad Vig. § 267 p- 802 sqq-; Matthiae § 608; Bitm. Gram. § 148 (cf. Alex. Bttm. N. T. Gr. p. 344 (296) sqq.); Kiihner ii. §§ 512 sq. p.…
Read the full entry →μή Grenf II. 384 (mid. 1.8.6.) καλῶς οὖ]ν ποιήσις μὴ ἀμελήσ[α]ς α[. . ἀγο]ράσαι. .. , P Oxy I. 3815 (a.p. 49--50) (= Selections, p. 53) τοῦ δὲ Σύρου μὴ βουλομένου ἐνμεῖναι τοῖς κεκριμένοις, “45 Syrus does not wish to abide by what has been decided,” 2d. II. 2755 (A.D. 66) (= Selections, p. 58) ἔγραψα ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ μὴ ἰδότος γράμματα, “1 wrote for him seeing that he was unlettered,” BGU I. 22° (a.p. 114) (= Selections, p. 74) TappovOios . . . τὸ παρὸν μὴ ἔχουσα κύριον, ‘ Tarmuthis at present without a guardian,’ and P Grenf II. 779 (iii/iv A.D.) (= Sedections, p. 120) θαυμάζω πάνυ [ὅτι] ἀλόγως ἀπέστητε μὴ ἄραντες [τὸ σ]ῶμα τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ ὑμῶν, “1 wonder exceedingly that you went off so unreasonably, without taking the body of your brother”; cf. P Tor 1. 1¥8-4 (νον 116) εἰ δὲ kal τις θείηι τὸ μὴ ὄν (cf. 1 Cor 1°8)—acc. and inf. follow, P Ryl II. 144°? (Α.Ὁ. 38) ἐπαγαγεῖν αἰτίας τοῦ μὴ ὄντος, ‘‘…
Read the full entry →μή (mē) — not.
μή,
Elean μά [ᾱ] [Refs 6th c.BC+]. (Cf. Sanskrit mā´, Armenian mi [from I.-[Refs 5th c.BC+] mē´], negative used in prohibitions):—not, the negative of the will and thought, as οὐ of fact and statement; μή rejects, οὐ denies; μή is relative, οὐ absolute; μή subjective, οὐ objective. (A few examples of μηδέ and μηδείς have been included.)
__A in INDEPENDENT sentences, used in expressions of will or wish, command, entreaty, warning,
__A.1 with present imperative, 2 person, μή μ᾽ ἐρέθιζε [Refs 8th c.BC+]: rarely with aorist imperative, μὴ.. ἔνθεο τιμῇ [Refs 8th c.BC+]; in Attic dialect, μὴ ψεῦσον, ὦ Ζεῦ, τῆς.. ἐλπίδος [Refs 8th c.BC+]perfect imperative [Refs 8th c.BC+] person when perfect = present, μὴ κεκράγετε [Refs 5th c.BC+]
μή
me
a primary particle of qualified negation (whereas 3756 expresses an
absolute denial); (adverb) not, (conjunction) lest; also (as an
interrogative implying a negative answer (whereas 3756 expects an
affirmative one)) whether:--any but (that), X forbear, + God forbid, +
lack, lest, neither, never, no (X wise in), none, nor, (can-)not,
nothing, that not, un(-taken), without. Often used in compounds in
substantially the same relations. See also 3362, 3363, 3364, 3372,
3373, 3375, 3378.
see GREEK for 3756
see GREEK for 3362
see GREEK for 3363
see GREEK for 3364
see GREEK for 3372
see GREEK for 3373
see GREEK for 3375
see GREEK for 3378
μή
Neg.prt.
not, lest
μή mē 1x
a negative particle, can function as a conj, not, for the particulars of its usage, especially as distinguished from that of οὐ, consult a grammar; as a conj., lest, that not, Mt. 5:29, 30; 18:10; 24:6; Mk. 13:36; μή, or μήτι, or μήποτε, when prefixed to an interrogative clause, it expresses an intimation either of the reality of the matters respecting which the question is asked, Mt. 12:23; or the contrary, Jn. 4:12
Particle-N — Particle · negativeparticle — a small word colouring the clause; it does not decline.
PRT-N PaRTicle, disjunctive particle Negative
1,085 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 23 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 1,060 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Counted over the 1,321 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
The Greek word αἰσχροκερδής (i.e., *aischrokerdēs*) is formed from αἰσχρός (base) and κέρδος (gain). It describes someone who is greedy for dishonorable or sordid gain. This term appears in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 3:8 and Titus 1:7, where it refers to undesirable traits.
* αἰσχροκερδής, -ες
(< αἰσχρός, κέρδος),
greedy of base gains: I Ti 3:8, Tit 1:7.†
αἰσχροκερδής, -ἐς, (αἰσχρός and κέρδος ; cf. αἰσχροπαθής in Philo [de mere. meretr. § 47), eager for base gain, [greedy of filthy lucre]: 1 Tim. iii. 3 Ree., 8; Tit. i. 7. (Hdt. 1, 187; Xen., Plat., al.; [ef. turpilucricupidus, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 63].)
αἰσχροκερδής (aischrokerdēs) — greedy.
αἰσχρο-κερδής, ές,
sordidly greedy of gain, [Refs 5th c.BC+] adverb -δῶς[NT]
αἰσχροκερδής
aischrokerdes
from 150 and kerdos (gain); sordid:--given to (greedy of) filthy
lucre.
see GREEK for 150
αἰσχροκερδής, ες
Adj
greedy
αἰσχροκερδής aischrokerdēs 2x
eager for dishonorable gain, greedy, 1 Tim. 3:8; Tit. 1:7*
αἰσχροκερδής κέρδος sordidly greedy of gain, Hdt., Eur.—adv. -δῶς, NTest.
Adj-ASM — Adjective · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-ASM Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
gan: In the Old Testament the translation of three Hebrew substantives, betsa`, "unjust gain," "any gain" (Jud 5:19; Job 22:3; Pr 1:19; 15:27; Isa 33:15; 56:11; Eze 22:13,17; Mic 4:13); mechir, "price" for which a thing is sold (Da 11:39, the only place where the Hebrew word is translated "gain" in the King James Version, though it occurs in other places translated "price"); tebhu'ah, "produce," "profits," "fruit" (Pr 3:14). It is the translation of one Hebrew…
3 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 2 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
The Greek word ἀλλά (alla) is an adversative particle, meaning 'but' or 'otherwise.' It is derived from the neuter plural of ἄλλος and is used to introduce opposition or contrast in sentences. In the New Testament, it often appears in contexts that involve negation or exceptions, such as in Matthew 5:15 and John 16:2. The lexicons note its stronger adversative force compared to δέ.
ἀλλά (ἀλλ’ usually bef. α and υ, often bef. ε and η, rarely bef. ο and ω, never bef. ι; Tdf., Pr., 93 f.; WH, App., 146),
adversative particle,
stronger than δέ; prop. neuter pl. of ἄλλος, used adverbially, with changed accent; hence prop. otherwise, on the other hand (cf. Ro 3:31);
ἀλλά, an adversative particle, derived from ἄλλα, neut. of the adj. ἄλλος, which was originally pronounced ἀλλός (cf. Klotz ad Dévar. ii. p. 1 sq.), hence properly, other things se. than those just mentioned. It differs from δέ, as the Lat. at and sed from autem, [ef. W. 441 sq. (411)]. 1. But. So related to the preceding words that it serves to introduce 1. an opposition to concessions; nevertheless, notwithstanding: Mt. xxiv. 6; Mk. xiii. 20; xiv. 28; Jn. xvi. 7, 20; Acts iv. 17; vii. 48; Ro. v. 14 sq.; x. 16; 1 Co. iv. 4; 2 Co. vii. 6; Phil. ii. 27 (ἀλλ᾽ ὁ θεός etc.), ete. 2. an objection: Jn. vii. 27; Ro. x. 18 sq.; 1 Co. xv. 35; Jas. ii. 18. 3. an exception: Lk. xxii. 53; Ro. iv. 2; 1 Co. viii. 7; xe 29: 4. a restriction: Jn. xi. 42; Gal. iv. 8; Mk. xiv. 36. 5. an ascensive transition or gradation, nay rather, yea moreover: Jn. xvi. 2; 2 Co. i. 9; esp. with καί added, Lk. xii. 7…
Read the full entry →ἀλλά. The closeness οἱ ἀλλά to πλήν appears in more uses than one. Armitage Robinson, Zp/estans, p. 205, has a note on a quasi-resumpltive use of ἀλλά in Eph 524 which is closely paralleled by that of πλήν in ver. 33. Then there are instances of ἀλλά = ‘‘except.” ‘This is clear where we have ἀλλ᾽ ἤ (as in 2 Cor 13%): thus P Petr 11. 9 (3)® (B.c. 24139) ὥστε μηθένα εἶναι ἐνταῦθα ἀλλ᾽ ἢ ἡμᾶς, ‘ There is no one left here except ourselves” (Ed.), 2d. 46 (α)" (B.C. 209) καὶ μὴ ὑποκεῖσθαι πρὸς ἄλλο μηδὲν add’ ἢ τὴν mpoyeypap[μέν]ην ἐγγύην, “has not been pledged for any other purpose than the aforesaid security” (1α.), P Lond 89738 (a.p. 84) (=TIII. p. 207) ὃ μέντοιγε οὐ θέλων. ἀλλὰ ἢ ἀνάγκηι. In P Tebt I. το 419 (B.c. 92) μὴ ἐξέστω Φιλίσκωι γυναῖκα ἄλλην. μ γυ…
Read the full entry →ἀλλά (alla) — but.
ἀλλά,
conjunction, originally neuter plural of ἄλλος, otheruise: used adversatively to limit or oppose words, sentences, or clauses, stronger than δέ:
I. in simple oppositions, but,
I.1. after negative clauses, οὐ κακός, ἀλλ᾽ ἀγαθός[Refs 8th c.BC+]
I.1. b after a simple negative, ἦ παραφρονεῖ; οὔκ, ἀλλ᾽ ὕπνος μ᾽ ἔχει[Refs 5th c.BC+]
I.1. c frequently after οὐ μόνον, μὴ μόνον, with or without καί, οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀ. πολλάκις[Refs 5th c.BC+], either, not only.. but.., μὴ ὅτι ἰδιώτην τινά, ἀλλὰ τὸν μέγαν βασιλέα[Refs 5th c.BC+]; or, not only not.. but.., οὐχ ὅπως κωλυταὶ.. γενήσεσθε, ἀλλὰ καὶ.. περιόψεσθε[Refs 5th c.BC+]; the negative form is ἀλλ᾽ οὐδέ, μὴ ὅτι ὑπὲρ ἄλλου, ἀλλ᾽ οὐδὲ ὑπὲρ ἐμαυτοῦ δίκην εἴρηκα[Refs 4th…
ἀλλά
alla
neuter plural of 243; properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially)
contrariwise (in many relations):--and, but (even), howbeit, indeed,
nay, nevertheless, no, notwithstanding, save, therefore, yea, yet.
see GREEK for 243
ἀλλά
Cj.
but, except
ἀλλά Conjunct., properly neut. pl. of ἄλλος (with changed accent) otherwise, but, stronger than δέ:
to oppose single clauses, but, Lat. autem, the preceding clause being negat., οὐ μόνον ἅπαξ, ἀλλὰ πολλάκις Plat.; so, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅτι, οὐχ (or μὴ) ὅπως, are followed by ἀλλά or ἀλλά καὶ . . . , not only . . . , but . . .
after a negative ἀλλά sometimes = ἀλλ᾽ ἤ, except, but, ἔπαισεν οὔτις ἀλλ᾽ ἐγώ Soph.
to oppose whole sentences, but, yet, Lat. at:— used by Hom., with imperat. or subj., to remonstrate, encourage, persuade, like Lat. tandem, ἀλλ᾽ ἴθι, ἀλλ᾽ ἄγε, ἀλλὰ ἴωμεν, Hom.
joined with other Particles, ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα, or, ἀλλ᾽ οὖν, but then, however, Hdt., etc.
ἀλλὰ γάρ, Lat. enimvero, but really, certainly, attic
Conj — Conjunctionconjunction — it joins clauses, and never changes form.
CONJ CONJunction or conjunctive particle
643 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 15 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 638 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦθ’ ἡσυχαστέον, ἀλλ’ ἕνεκα τοῦ θεοφιλοῦς καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν ἐπιτολμητέον λέγειν, οἴκοθεν μὲν οὐδέν, ὀλίγα δ’ ἀντὶ πολλῶν, ἐφ’ ἃ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην διάνοιαν φθάνειν εἰκὸς ἔρωτι καὶ πόθῳ σοφίας κατεσχημένην.
Τοῖς τὰς ἱστορίας συγγράφειν βουλομένοις οὐ μίαν οὐδὲ τὴν αὐτὴν ὁρῶ τῆς σπουδῆς γινομένην αἰτίαν, ἀλλὰ πολλὰς καὶ πλεῖστον ἀλλήλων διαφερούσας.
ἐγὼ δὲ οὐχ ὡς διδάσκαλος, ἀλλ̓ ὧς εἰς ἐξ ὑμῶν ὑποδείξω ὀλίγα, δἰ ὧν ἐν τοῖς παροῦσιν εὐφρανθήσεσθε.
ἐπὶ Διονυσίου ἀγορανόμου ἐν τῶι ϛ ἔτους ἐπὶ τοῦ Φιλομήτορος, ἣ διασαφεῖ τά τε ἄλλα καὶ ἐπίτροπον Ἑρμ … φιλον ὄντα συγγενῆ κατέστησεν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκετικῶν σωμάτων δ
ἐπὶ Διονυσίου ἀγορανόμου ἐν τῶι ϛ ἔτει ἐπὶ τοῦ Φιλομήτορος ἣ διασαφεῖ τά τε ἄλλα καὶ ἐπίτροπον Ἑρμ … φιλον ὄντα συγγενῆ κατέστησεν καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν οἰκετικῶν σωμάτων δ
νῦν οὐδενός … ς ἀξιοῦμεν … ἀνθρώπου ἀλόγως … ὀφείλει ἡμῖν διάφορα … θαι ἀλλʼ ἀποστερέσαι … ησας ἀλλά … τας κατὰ κοινόν … ἐπίσκεψιν ποιησάσθαι. … τούτων γὰρ
The Greek word ἐπιεικής (i.e., *epieikēs*) means fitting, suitable, or fair. It describes qualities such as gentleness, mildness, and reasonableness, appearing in the New Testament in verses like 1 Timothy 3:3 and Titus 3:2. The entries suggest a range of meanings from moral fairness to social appropriateness, with some variation in emphasis among lexicons.
ἐπιεικής, -€s, (εἰκός, what is reasonable) ; 1. seemly, suitable, (fr. Hom. down). 2. equitable, fair, mild, gentle: 1 Tim. iii. 3; Tit. iii. 2; 1 Pet. ii. 18; Jas. iii. 17. Neut. τὸ ἐπιεικὲς (as often in Grk. writ. fr. Thue. down) ὑμῶν i. 4. ἡ ἐπιείκεια ὑμῶν, Phil. iv. 5. θπ.7
ἐπιεικής (epieikēs) — gentle.
ἐπιεικ-ής, ές,
fitting, meet, suitable, τύμβον οὐ μάλα πολλὸν.., ἀλλ᾽ ἐπιεικέα τοῖον not very large but meet in size, [Refs 8th c.BC+] a fair recompense for them, [Refs 8th c.BC+] as is meet, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: or c.infinitive, ὅν κ᾽ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκουέμεν whom it may be meet for you to hear, [Refs 8th c.BC+] such as is meet they should be, [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II. after [Refs 8th c.BC+]
II.1. of statements, rights, etc.,
II.1. a. reasonable, specious, ἡ δὲ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν πολλὸν ἐπιεικεστάτη ἐοῦσα μάλιστα [Refs 6th c.BC+]; ἐπιεικῆ [Refs]; ἐ. ὁδός a tolerable road, [Refs 1st c.AD+]
ἐπιεικής
epieikes
from 1909 and 1503; appropriate, i.e. (by implication) mild:--gentle,
moderation, patient.
see GREEK for 1909
see GREEK for 1503
ἐπιεικής, ές
Adj
gentle, mild, forbearing, fair, reasonable
ἐπιεικής epieikēs 5x
pr. suitable; fair, reasonable; gentle, mild, patient, 1 Tim. 3:3; Tit. 3:2; Jas. 3:17; 1 Pet. 2:18; τὸ ἐπιεικές, mildness, gentleness, Phil. 4:5*
ἐπιεικής ἐπι-εικής, ές εἰκός fitting, meet, suitable, τύμβον ἐπιεικέα meet in size, Il.; ἐπιεικέ᾽ ἀμοιβήν a fair recompence, Od.; ὡς ἐπιεικές as is meet, Hom.; c. inf., ὅν κ᾽ ἐπιεικὲς ἀκούειν which word it is meet to hear, Il.
after Hom.,
of statements, rights, etc.,
reasonable, specious, plausible, Hdt., Thuc.
fair, equitable, τῶν δικαίων τὰ ἐπιεικέστερα προτιθέασι Hdt.; πρὸς τὸ ἐπ. ῀ ἐπιεικῶς 3, Thuc.
of persons, able, capable, Hdt., Xen.
in moral sense, reasonable, fair, kind, gentle, good, Thuc., Plat., etc.: τοὐπιεικές goodness, Soph.
adv. -κῶς, ionic -κέως, fairly, tolerably, moderately, Lat. satis, Hdt., Ar.; τέως μὲν ἐπ. for some little time, Plat.
probably, reasonably, id. Plat.
Adj-ASM — Adjective · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-ASM Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
5 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 2 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 5 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
τῶν μὲν γὰρ τὸ σύννουν καὶ σκυθρωπὸν ἐπανῆκε καὶ τὰς φροντίδας ἐχάλασεν ὀργάς τε καὶ λύπας ἐπράυνε τά τε ἤθη πρὸς τὸ ἐπιεικὲς ἐπαιδαγώγησε καὶ τὰς ψυχὰς ἑαυταῖς ἵλεως ἐποίησε·
ὅτι μέχρις οὗ μέν εἰσιν ἰδιῶταί τινες καὶ ταπεινοὶ τῷ μὴ δύνασθαι χρῆσθαι τῇ φύσει μηδὲ τολμᾶν ὅσα θέλουσιν ἐπιεικεῖς εἰσι καὶ μέτριοι καὶ μόνον διώκουσι τὸ δίκαιον, καὶ πρὸς αὐτῷ τὴν πᾶσαν εὔνοιάν τε καὶ σπουδὴν ἔχουσι τότε, καὶ περὶ τοῦ θείου…
τήν τε σώφρονα καὶ ἐπιεικῆ ἐν Χριστῷ εὐσέβειαν οὐκ ἐθαύμασεν;
ἐὰν κρίνηις μέτριον εἶναι, ὅταν περί τινος ἐντύχωσιν χ σιν οἱ παρʼ ἡμῶν, ἐάνπερ ἐπιεικῆ αἰτῶσιν, καλῶς ποιήσεις ἐπιστρεφόμενος, πλεονάκις μὲν γὰρ … … τες ἐνοχλεῖν σοι διατρέπονται καὶ
ἀμελήσῃς περὶ τῶν ἔργων τῆς γεούχου καθὼς ἐδεήθης, οἶδα γάρ σου τὸ σπουδαῖον καὶ ἐπιεικές. οὐδὲν δύσκολον ἔνι ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκίας σου. ἡ μήτηρ μου Θαῆσις εἰς Ἀντινόου, δοκῶ,
ια σ … ἐν ἐκθέσει ἄχρι μ … ίου ἑνός· οἶδα γὰρ σοῦ τὸ ἐπιεικές. ἐὰν θέλῃς, πρὸ πάντων δὲ ἀπὸ καθαροῦ σίτου λαβέ. οἶδα γὰρ ὅτι δύνασαι ἀπολογήσασθαι
The Greek word ἄμαχος (amachos) is built from a negative particle and the word for battle, μάχη. It describes someone who is not quarrelsome or contentious, often translated as peaceable or invincible. This term appears in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 3:3 and Titus 3:2, where it metaphorically refers to a non-contentious character.
ἄμαχος, -ον, (μάχη), in Grk. writ. [fr. Pind. down] commonly not to be withstood, invincible; more rarely abstaining from fighting, (Xen. Cyr. 4,1, 16; Hell. 4, 4, 9); in the N. T. twice metaph. not contentious: 1 Tim. ἘΠΕ 5:17. Abii Pea!
ἄμαχος. Cos 3255 ἄμαχος ἄζηλος χρόνος πᾶς ἦν ὃν εἶπον, οὐδ᾽ ἐχω[ρ]ίσθημέν ποτε---ἃ sepulchral inscription by a husband in memory of his wife—illustrates the non-military use of the word found twice in the Pastorals (1 Tim 35, Tit 32. So also an epitaph from Apameia (c. iii/A.D.) in Kazbe/ 387, ἄμαχος ἐβίωσα peta φίλων Kt συνγενῶν. ἀμάω. The word is almost entirely poetical in earlier Greek, though found in Herodotus. Plutarch has it, and P Hib I.
ἄμαχος (amachos) — peacable.
ἄμᾰχ-ος, ον,
without battle: hence,
I. with whom no one fights, unconquerable, of persons, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: with infinitive, πολύποδες.. πᾶν ὅτι οὖν φαγεῖν ἄ.[Refs 2nd c.AD+]: of places, impregnable, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: of things, irresistible, κακόν[Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄ. πρᾶγμα, of a woman whose beauty is irresistible, [Refs 5th c.BC+] —ἄμαχόν [ἐστι] with infinitive, like {ἀμήχανον}, 'tis impossible to do.., [Refs 5th c.BC+]. adverb -ως irresistibly, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; incontestably, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II. active, not having fought, taking no part in the battle, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ἄ. διάγειν to remain without fighting, [Refs] non-combatants, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]gained without fighting, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2. disinclined to fight, not contentious, [NT]
ἄμαχος
amachos
from 1 (as a negative particle) and 3163; peaceable:--not a brawler.
see GREEK for 1
see GREEK for 3163
ἄμαχος, ον
Adj
not quarrelsome, peaceable
ἄμαχος amachos 2x
not disposed to fight; not quarrelsome or contentious, 1 Tim. 3:3; Tit. 3:2*
ἄμαχος μάχη without battle:
of a person, with whom no one fights, unconquered, unconquerable, invincible, Hdt., etc.; of places, impregnable, id. Hdt.; of things, irresistible, Pind., Aesch.
act. not having fought, taking no part in the battle, Xen.
disinclined to fight, peaceful, Aesch.: not contentious, NTest.
Adj-ASM — Adjective · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-ASM Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
2 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 1 different way. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
καὶ μὴν ἔνιοι μέγα φρονοῦσιν ἐπὶ τούτοις, ὡς ἄμαχόν τινα ἰσχὺν ἐκ τοῦ τοιούτους νομισθῆναι παρὰ πᾶσι καρπωσάμενοι, οὓς τοῦ πολλοῦ θράσους ἡ ὀπαδὸς τοῦ θεοῦ δίκη τίσεται καίτοι τάχα τὸν οἰκεῖον οὐ μαντευομένους μόνον, ἀλλὰ καὶ προορωμένους ὄλεθρον·
ἀντιστάντες γὰρ εἰς ὀλίγον ὡς ἑώρων ἀμάχους ὄντας καὶ μεστοὺς φρονήματος, ἔφευγον οἱ πλείους ἐγκλίναντες κἂν διεφθάρησαν Ἀθηνίωνος μὴ κακώσαντος Ἡρώδην καὶ τοὺς Ἰουδαίους.
The Greek word ἀφιλάργυρος (aphilarguros) is formed from a negative particle and a root meaning 'money.' It describes someone who is not greedy or fond of money, appearing in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 3:3 and Hebrews 13:5. The lexicons generally agree on its meaning, with variations in nuance such as 'not avaricious' or 'generous.'
ἀφιλάργυρος. For this word, which according to Grimm—Thayer is found “only in the NT ᾿᾿ (Ὁ), see (in addition to Didache 151) the quotation from P Oxy I. 33 s.v. ἀφιλάγαθοςς. Add Priene 137° (probably ii/B.c.) ; also Sy// 7325 (Athens, B.c. 36-5), 3251? (Istropolis, i/B.c.), both of which have the adverb ἀφιλαργύρως. Cf. Nageli, p. 31, Deissmann 2.4.2, p. 81f.
ἀφιλάργυρος (aphilarguros) — not greedy.
ἀφῐλ-άργῠρος, ον,
not loving money, [NT+2nd c.BC+]. adverb -ρως[Refs 2nd c.BC+]
ἀφιλάργυρος
aphilarguros
from 1 (as a negative particle) and 5366; unavaricious:--without
covetousness, not greedy of filthy lucre.
see GREEK for 1
see GREEK for 5366
ἀφιλάργυρος, ον
Adj
not loving money, not avaricious
ἀφιλάργυρος aphilargyros 2x
not fond of money, not covetous, generous, 1 Tim. 3:3; Heb. 13:5*
ἀφιλάργυρος not loving money, NTest.
Adj-ASM — Adjective · accusative · singular · masculineaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
A-ASM Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Accusative Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
mun'-i: Various terms are used for money in the Bible, but the most common are the Hebrew keceph, and Greek argurion, both meaning silver. We find also qesiTah, rendered by Septuagint "lambs," probably referring to money in a particular form; chalkos, is used for money in Mt 10:9; Mr 6:8; 12:41. It was the name of a small coin of Agrippa II (Madden, Coins of the Jews); chrema, "price," is rendered money in Ac 4:37; 8:18,20; 24:26; kerma, "piece," i.e. piece of money (Joh 2:15); didrachmon, "tribute money" (Mt 17:24 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "half-shekel"); kensos, "census,"…
Money
Of uncoined money the first notice we have is in the history of Abraham (Gen. 13:2; 20:16; 24:35). Next, this word is used in connection with the purchase of the cave of Machpelah (23:16), and again in connection with Jacob’s purchase of a field at Shalem (Gen. 33:18, 19) for “an hundred pieces of money”=an hundred Hebrew kesitahs (q.v.), i.e., probably pieces of money, as is supposed, bearing the figure of a lamb.
The history of Joseph affords evidence of the constant use of money, silver of a fixed weight. This appears also in all the subsequent history of the Jewish people, in all their internal as well as foreign transactions. There were in common use in trade silver pieces of a definite weight, shekels, half-shekels, and quarter-shekels. But these were not properly…
Uncointed money. --It is well known that ancient nations that were without a coinage weighed the precious metals, a practice represented on the Egyptian monuments, on which gold and silver are shown to have been kept in the form of rings. We have no evidence of the use of coined money before the return from the Babylonian captivity; but silver was used for money, in quantities determined by weight, at least as early as the time of Abraham; and its earliest mention is in the generic sense of the price paid for a slave. (Genesis 17:13) The 1000 pieces of silver paid by Abimelech to Abraham, (Genesis 20:16) and the 20 pieces of silver for which Joseph was sold to the Ishmaelites, (Genesis 37:28) were probably rings such as we…
Was anciently weighed, and did not at first exist in the form of coins. The most ancient commerce was conducted by barter, or exchanging one sort of merchandise for another. One man gave what he could spare to another, who gave him in return part of his superabundance. Afterwards, the more precious metals were used in traffic, as a value more generally known and stated, and the amount agreed upon was paid over by weight, Ge 23:16 43:21 Ex 30:24. Lastly they gave this metal, a certain weight, and a certain degree of alloy, to fix its value, and to save buyers and sellers the trouble of weighing and examining the coins. The first regular coinage among the Jews is supposed to have been in the time of Simon Maccabaeus, less than a century and a half before Christ. The coins were the…
2 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 2 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path