1 Kings 4:23 — Word Study
WLCעֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר בְּרִאִ֗ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים בָּקָ֛ר רְעִ֖י וּמֵ֣אָה צֹ֑אן לְ֠בַד מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל וּצְבִי֙ וְיַחְמ֔וּר וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים אֲבוּסִֽים׃
BSAten'a.sa.Rah cattleva.Kar fatbe.ri.'Im and twentyve.'es.Rim cattleba.Kar pasturere.'I△ and one hundredu.Me.'ah sheepTzon apartLe.vad from deerme.'ai.Yal and gazelleu.tze.Vi and roe-deerve.yach.Mur and birdsu.var.bu.Rim△ fattened'a.vu.Sim
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| עֲשָׂרָ֨ה | ten | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| בָקָ֜ר | cattle | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| בְּרִאִ֗ים | fat | |
| וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים | and twenty | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| בָּקָ֛ר | cattle | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| רְעִ֖י | pasture | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּמֵ֣אָה | and one hundred | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| צֹ֑אן | sheep | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| לְ֠בַד | apart | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל | from deer | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּצְבִי֙ | and gazelle | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְיַחְמ֔וּר | and roe-deer | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים | and birds | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| אֲבוּסִֽים׃ | fattened | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry. |
| KJV | Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. |
| ASV | ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl. |
| YLT | ten fat oxen, and twenty feeding oxen, and a hundred sheep, apart from hart, and roe, and fallow-deer, and fatted beasts of the stalls, |
| WEB | ten head of fat cattle, twenty head of cattle out of the pastures, and one hundred sheep, in addition to deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl. |
| BBE | Ten fat oxen and twenty oxen from the fields, and a hundred sheep, in addition to harts and gazelles and roes and fat fowls. |
The translations agree on the quantities and types of animals listed in the verse.
The sentence structure lists the main provisions first, followed by additional items, emphasizing the abundance.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectH6629
verbH75
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 14 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 4:23
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Solomon's Provisionsgenerated
1 Kings 4:23 details the extensive provisions made for Solomon's court, showcasing his wealth and the prosperity of Israel during his reign. The verse highlights the variety of livestock and poultry that were part of his daily offerings, emphasizing the abundance available to the king and his household. This arrangement reflects the peace and stability experienced in the kingdom, as noted in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nehemiah 5:17–18 | There were 150 Jews and officials at my table, besides the guests from the surrounding nations. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 1 reference, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — עֲשָׂרָ֨ה, 'a.sa.Rahgenerated
The Hebrew word עֲשָׂרָ֨ה ('a.sa.Rah) means 'ten' and is a feminine singular noun. It indicates the number ten and is often used in biblical contexts to denote quantities, such as in the Ten Commandments. The parsing shows it functions as a countable noun, contributing to the overall enumeration of Solomon's provisions.
This word is derived from the root עֶשֶׂר (eser), which also means 'ten'. Its usage here is straightforward, serving to quantify the amount of livestock being described.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as well as in the KJV and ASV, all of which agree on the quantities listed.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb structure is implicit in the context, with multiple noun phrases serving as subjects. The first clause introduces the main provisions, followed by additional clauses that enumerate the types of livestock. This structure highlights the abundance of offerings in a clear, list-like format.
The order of the Hebrew words emphasizes the quantities first, followed by the types of animals, which reflects the importance of the numbers in the context of royal provisions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates עֲשָׂרָ֨ה as δέκα (deka), meaning 'ten', which aligns closely with the Hebrew. This choice shows a direct equivalence in counting.
Other terms like בָקָ֜ר are rendered as βόας (boas), indicating a focus on the type of livestock, maintaining the original meaning while adapting to the Greek context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 4:23 tells us about the daily provisions for King Solomon, which included ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, along with other animals like deer and birds. This showcases the wealth and abundance during his reign.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The number ten indicates a specific quantity of fat oxen, reflecting the scale of Solomon's provisions.
The variety of livestock demonstrates the richness and diversity of offerings at Solomon's court.
The term 'fattened' suggests that the poultry were well-fed and prepared for consumption, indicating the care taken in providing for the king's table.
This verse highlights the prosperity and peace of Solomon's reign, as evidenced by the abundance of provisions for his court.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the abundance of Solomon's provisions tell us about his leadership and the state of Israel?
- How can we see God's provision in our own lives in a similar way?
- What significance do you think the variety of animals holds in the context of offerings?
- How can understanding the context of this verse enhance our appreciation for the biblical narrative?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 4:23 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTen fat oxen,.... Such as were kept up in the stall and fatted: and twenty oxen out of the pastures; which were killed as they were taken from thence, and not put up to be fed: and an hundred sheep;
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTen fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. Fatted fowl , [ uwbarburiym (H1257)].
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleTen fat oxen, fitted in stalls. Out of the pastures; well fleshed, tender, and good, though not so fat as the former.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 4:23 Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl. Ver. 23. Ten fat oxen … and fatted fowl.] Lectissima quaeque altilia; yet not with such luxury and gormandise as sundry Roman emperors. Anthony, who contended with Cleopatra in prodigal spending upon a banquet, and wrote, or rather vomited out a book of his own intemperances. Geta the emperor would have his dishes served in by the alphabet, viz., anserem, anatem, aprum; aliquando fasianum, farra, ficus; aliquando pullum, pavunem, perdicem, &c. Caligula would have his bread gilded. Well might Nasica say of Rome, when nothing so luxurious, Stant…
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(23) On this side the river.—This translation, although it expresses the true reference, viz., to the country west of the Euphrates, is literally incorrect. The words mean, “on the further side of the river,” considered from the point of view of Babylon (see the use in the later books, or in Ezra 4:6; Ezra 6:6, &c.); and accordingly indicate composition at the time of the Exile, or, at any rate, at a period when the Babylonish empire was so established in supreme sovereignty as to determine the geographical nomenclature of the East.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges23. roebucks] The Hebrew word (φαι) is rendered δορκὰς by the LXX. i.e. a gazelle. It is akin to the proper name Tabitha, i.e. Δορκὰς (Acts 9:36). The rendering roebuck is better suited to the description of the next kind of animals mentioned and which A. V. translates fallow deer. fatted fowl] The word rendered ‘fowl,’ is found only in this passage. The Chaldee paraphrase, as well as the Syriac and the Vulgate interpret it thus, so that we have full support from Jewish tradition. Kimchi thinks common fowls are meant. Gesenius, connecting the word with a root signifying pure, thinks geese or swans may be intended.
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHarts ... - The exact sorts of wild land animals here intended are very uncertain.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible23. Twenty oxen out of the pastures — Such as had been taken immediately from the field, in distinction from such as had been stallfed.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Kings 4 →The verse in English, compared — 8 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
ten fat oxen, twenty range oxen, and a hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened poultry.
ten head of fat cattle, twenty head of cattle out of the pastures, and one hundred sheep, in addition to deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl.
Tyndale line
Ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and an hundred sheep, beside harts, and roebucks, and fallowdeer, and fatted fowl.
ten fat oxen, and twenty oxen out of the pastures, and a hundred sheep, besides harts, and gazelles, and roebucks, and fatted fowl.
Ten fat oxen, and twentie oxen of the pastures, and an hundreth sheepe, beside hartes, and buckes, and bugles, and fat foule.
Simplified
Ten fat oxen and twenty oxen from the fields, and a hundred sheep, in addition to harts and gazelles and roes and fat fowls.
ten fattened cattle, twenty range cattle, one hundred sheep, as well as deer, gazelles, roe deer, and fattened poultry.
Strictly literal
ten fat oxen, and twenty feeding oxen, and a hundred sheep, apart from hart, and roe, and fallow-deer, and fatted beasts of the stalls,
T4T (Translation for Translators) is not shown above. It restates the passage rather than the verse, so there is no line of English to set beside the others — which is a fact about that translation, not a fault in it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
עֲשָׂרָ֨ה and the other terms are consistent across the Masoretic Text, with no significant variations noted in the other witnesses. The text reflects a unified understanding of Solomon's provisions.
עֲשָׂרָ֨ה בָקָ֜ר בְּרִאִ֗ים וְעֶשְׂרִ֥ים בָּקָ֛ר רְעִ֖י וּמֵ֣אָה צֹ֑אן לְ֠בַד מֵֽאַיָּ֤ל וּצְבִי֙ וְיַחְמ֔וּר וּבַרְבֻּרִ֖ים אֲבוּסִֽים׃
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 4:23
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עֶשֶׂר (eser) means 'ten' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root related to counting, specifically indicating the number ten and its use in combination with other numbers. The Aramaic equivalent is עֲשַׂר (asar), also meaning 'ten.'
עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה 176 n.m. and f. ten
base
H6235 עֶשֶׂר, עֲשָׂרָה ten
6235 `eser eh'ser
masculine of term aasarah {as-aw-raw'}; from 6237; ten (as an
accumulation to the extent of the digits):--ten, (fif-,
seven-)teen.
see HEBREW for 06237
עֶשֶׂר (e.ser) — ten.
1) ten
1a) ten
1b) with other numbers
Aramaic equivalent: a.sar (עֲשַׂר "ten" H6236)
HNcfsa — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
kat'-'-l (behemah, "a dumb beast"; miqneh, "a possession" from qanah, "to acquire" (compare Arabic qana', "to acquire," and Greek kienos, "beast," and plural ktenea, "flocks," from ktaomai, "to acquire," flocks being both with the Homeric peoples and with the patriarchs an important form of property; compare English "fee"); tso'n "small cattle," "sheep" or goats (compare Arabic da'n, "sheep"); seh, a single sheep or goat (compare Arabic shah); mela'khah, "property," from la'akh, "to minister" (compare Arabic malakah and mulk, "property," from malak, "to possess"); meri' "fatling" (1Ki 19); thremma (Joh 4:12), "cattle," i.e. "that which is nourished," from trepho, "to nourish"; baqar, "kine," "oxen" (compare Arabic baqar, "cattle"); shor, tor (Da 4:25), tauros (
Cattle
Abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deut. 8:13; 12:21; 1 Sam. 11:5; 12:3; Ps. 144:14; Jer. 3:24). They may be classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond Jordan (Num. 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile plains of Sharon. They were yoked to the plough (1 Kings 19:19), and were employed for carrying burdens (1 Chr.…
[BULL, BULLOCK].
בָּרִיא (bariy') means 'fat' and can also imply being fatted, plump, firm, or plenteous. It is derived from related roots that suggest a sense of abundance or richness. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to fatness without significant disagreement.
בָּרִיא adj. fat
base
H1277 בָּרִיא fat
1277 bariy' baw-ree'
from 1254 (in the sense of 1262); fatted or plump:--fat
((fleshed), -ter), fed, firm, plenteous, rank.
see HEBREW for 01254
see HEBREW for 01262
בָּרִיא (ba.ri) — fat.
1) fat
2) (TWOT) fat, fatter, fed, firm, plenteous, rank
Also means: ber.yah (בִּרְיָה "fat" H1274)
HAampa — HAampa
(chelebh, chelebh): The layer of subcutaneous fat and the compact suet surrounding the viscera and imbedded in the entrails, which, like the blood, was forbidden as food in the Mosaic code (Le 3:17). It was to be sacrificed to God by being burnt upon the altar (Le 3:16; 30). This had to be done on the very day on which a beast had been slaughtered, to remove temptation from the Israelite to use it otherwise (Ex 23:18). The law was probably a sanitary restriction, for, at an early date, leprosy, scrofula and disfiguring cutaneous diseases were thought to be caused by the use of fat as food. It was, moreover, an important pedagogical provision teaching the idea of self-denial, and the maxim that the richest and best meat of the…
Fat
(Heb. heleb) denotes the richest part of the animal, or the fattest of the flock, in the account of Abel’s sacrifice (Gen. 4:4). It sometimes denotes the best of any production (Gen. 45:18; Num. 18:12; Ps. 81:16; 147:47). The fat of sacrifices was to be burned (Lev. 3:9-11; 4:8; 7:3; 8:25; Num. 18:17. Comp. Ex. 29:13-22; Lev. 3:3-5).
It is used figuratively for a dull, stupid state of mind (Ps 17:10).
i.e. VAT, the word employed in the Authorized Version to translate the Hebrew term yekeb , in (Joel 2:24; 3:13) The word commonly used for yekeb is "winepress" or "winefat," and once "pressfat." (Haggai 2:16) The "vats" appear to have been excavated out of the native rock of the hills on which the vineyards lay.
The fat portions of animals offered in sacrifice were always to be consumed, as being the choice part and especially sacred to the Lord. The blood was also sacred, as containing the life of the animal. The Jews were forbidden to eat either, Le 3:16,17; 7:23-27.
עֶשְׂרִים (esriym) means 'twenty' and can also refer to the ordinal 'twentieth.' It is derived from the root word for 'ten' and has an Aramaic equivalent, עֶשְׂרִין (es.rin). The entries consistently define the term without significant disagreement.
עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
base
H6242 עֶשְׂרִים (a) twenty
6242 `esriym es-reem'
from 6235; twenty; also (ordinal) twentieth:--(six-)score,
twenty(-ieth).
see HEBREW for 06235
עֶשְׂרִים (es.rim) — twenty.
twenty, twentieth
Aramaic equivalent: es.rin (עֶשְׂרִין "twenty" H6243)
HC/Ncmpa — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
twen'-ti.
See NUMBER.
בָּקַר (baqar) refers to cattle, specifically oxen and herds, and can denote individual animals or a collective group. It is derived from a root meaning related to cattle and encompasses various forms such as beef cattle and oxen used for plowing. The term appears in contexts discussing livestock in the Old Testament.
בָּקַר 182 n.m. cattle, herd, ox
base
H1241 בָּקַר cattle, herd, ox
1241 baqar baw-kawr'
from 1239; beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of
either gender (as used for plowing); collectively, a herd:--
beeve, bull (+ -ock), + calf, + cow, great (cattle), + heifer,
herd, kine, ox.
see HEBREW for 01239
בָּקָר (ba.qar) — cattle.
1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox
1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll)
1b) herd (particular one)
1c) head of cattle (individually)
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
kat'-'-l (behemah, "a dumb beast"; miqneh, "a possession" from qanah, "to acquire" (compare Arabic qana', "to acquire," and Greek kienos, "beast," and plural ktenea, "flocks," from ktaomai, "to acquire," flocks being both with the Homeric peoples and with the patriarchs an important form of property; compare English "fee"); tso'n "small cattle," "sheep" or goats (compare Arabic da'n, "sheep"); seh, a single sheep or goat (compare Arabic shah); mela'khah, "property," from la'akh, "to minister" (compare Arabic malakah and mulk, "property," from malak, "to possess"); meri' "fatling" (1Ki 19); thremma (Joh 4:12), "cattle," i.e. "that which is nourished," from trepho, "to nourish"; baqar, "kine," "oxen" (compare Arabic baqar, "cattle"); shor, tor (Da 4:25), tauros (
Cattle
Abounded in the Holy Land. To the rearing and management of them the inhabitants chiefly devoted themselves (Deut. 8:13; 12:21; 1 Sam. 11:5; 12:3; Ps. 144:14; Jer. 3:24). They may be classified as,
(1.) Neat cattle. Many hundreds of these were yearly consumed in sacrifices or used for food. The finest herds were found in Bashan, beyond Jordan (Num. 32:4). Large herds also pastured on the wide fertile plains of Sharon. They were yoked to the plough (1 Kings 19:19), and were employed for carrying burdens (1 Chr.…
[BULL, BULLOCK].
רְעִי (r`iy) means 'pasture' and is derived from the root word for 'to feed' or 'to graze.' The term is used in contexts related to grazing land, as noted in 1 Kings 5:3. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to pasture.
רְעִי n.[m.] pasture;—1 K 5:3
ref
H7471 רְעִי
7471 r`iy reh-ee'
from 7462; pasture:--pasture.
see HEBREW for 07462
רְעִי (re.i) — pasture.
pasture
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
מֵאָה (me'ah) means 'hundred' in Hebrew. It can refer to a simple number, a component of a larger number, or a fraction representing one one-hundredth. The entries consistently describe its use as a numeral without significant disagreement.
מֵאָה 583 n.f. hundred
as simple number
as part of larger number
a hundredth part
base
H3967 מֵאָה hundred . as simple number
. as part of larger number
. a hundredth part
3967 me'ah may-aw'
or metyah {may-yaw'}; properly, a primitive numeral; a
hundred; also as a multiplicative and a
fraction:--hundred((-fold), -th), + sixscore.
מֵאָה (me.ah) — hundred.
1) hundred
1a) as simple number
1b) as part of larger number
1c) as a fraction-one one-hundredth (1/100)
Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְאָה "hundred" H3969)
HC/Ncfsa — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
hun'-dred (me'-ah; hekaton).
See NUMBER.
צֹאן (tso'n) refers to small cattle, specifically sheep and goats, and is used to denote a flock or flocks. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a multitude. The term appears in contexts such as Psalm 144:13, where it emphasizes the collective nature of these animals.
צֹאן 273 n.coll.f. small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
base
H6629 צֹאן small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
6629 tso'n tsone
or tsaown (Psalm 144:13) {tseh-one'}; from an unused root
meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock (of sheep or
goats); also figuratively (of men):--(small) cattle, flock
(+ -s), lamb (+ -s), sheep((-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds)).
צֹאן (tson) — flock.
1) small cattle, sheep, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
1a) small cattle (usually of sheep and goats)
1b) of multitude (simile)
1c) of multitude (metaphor)
צֹאן (tson) — Sheep (Gate).
This name means sheep and goats
Also named: probatikos (προβατικός "Sheep Gate" G4262)
HNcbsa — Noun common · both singular absoluteHNcbsa
shep:
1. Names:
The usual Hebrew word is tso'n, which is often translated "flock," e.g. "Abel .... brought of the firstlings of his flock" (Ge 4:4); "butter of the herd, and milk of the flock" (De 32:14). The King James Version and the English Revised Version have "milk of sheep." Compare Arabic da'n. The Greek word is probaton. For other names, see notes under CATTLE; EWE; LAMB; RAM.
2. Zoology:
The origin of domestic sheep is unknown. There are 11 wild species, the majority of which are found in Asia, and it is conceivable that they may have spread from the highlands of Central Asia to the other portions of their habitat. In North America is found the "bighorn," which is very closely related to a Kamschatkan species. One species, the urial or sha, is found in India. The Barbary…
Sheep
Are of different varieties. Probably the flocks of Abraham and Isaac were of the wild species found still in the mountain regions of Persia and Kurdistan. After the Exodus, and as a result of intercourse with surrounding nations, other species were no doubt introduced into the herds of the people of Israel. They are frequently mentioned in Scripture. The care of a shepherd over his flock is referred to as illustrating God’s care over his people (Ps. 23:1, 2; 74:1; 77:20; Isa. 40:11; 53:6; John 10:1-5, 7-16).
“The sheep of Palestine are longer in the head than ours, and have tails from 5 inches broad at the narrowest part to 15 inches at the widest, the weight being in proportion, and ranging generally from 10 to 14 lbs.…
Sheep were an important part of the possessions of the ancient Hebrews and of eastern nations generally. The first mention of sheep occurs in (Genesis 4:2) They were used in the sacrificial offering,as, both the adult animal, (Exodus 20:24) and the lamb. See (Exodus 29:28; Leviticus 9:3; 12:6) Sheep and lambs formed an important article of food. (1 Samuel 25:18) The wool was used as clothing. (Leviticus 13:47) "Rams skins dyed red" were used as a covering for the tabernacle. (Exodus 25:5) Sheep and lambs were…
Of the Syrian sheep, according to Dr. Russell, there are two varieties; the one called Bedaween sheep, which differ in no respect from the larger kinds of sheep among us, except that their tails are somewhat longer and thicker; the others are those often mentioned by travellers on account of their extraordinary tails; and this species is by far the most numerous. The tail of one of these animals is very broad and large, terminating in a small appendage that turns back upon it. It is of a substance between fat and marrow, and is not eaten separately, but mixed with the lean meat in many of their dishes, and also often used instead of butter. A common sheep of this sort, without the head, feet, skin, and entrails, weighs from sixty to eighty pounds, of which the tail itself is usually ten or fifteen pounds, and when the animal is fattened, twice or thrice that weight, and very…
בַּד (bad) refers to separation or being alone, often indicating a part or branch of something. It can denote physical separation, such as limbs or bars, as well as figurative uses like 'chief of a city.' The entries consistently highlight meanings related to being apart or alone, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
בַּד, בָּ֑ד n.m. separation, concr. part
prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
concr. part
parts, specif. extended from something
base
H905 בַּד, בָּ֑ד separation, concr. part . prop. in a state of separation, alone, by itself
. concr. part
. parts, specif. extended from something
905 bad bad
from 909; properly, separation; by implication, a part of the
body, branch of a tree, bar for carrying; figuratively, chief
of a city; especially (with prepositional prefix) as an
adverb, apart, only, besides:--alone, apart, bar, besides,
branch, by self, of each alike, except, only, part, staff,
strength.
see HEBREW for 0909
בַּד (bad) — alone: pole.
: pole
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone.
: alone
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: each.
: each
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
בַּד (bad) — alone: besides.
: besides/apart from
1) alone, by itself, besides, a part, separation, being alone
1a) separation, alone, by itself
1a1) only (adv)
1a2) apart from, besides (prep)
1b) part
1c) parts (eg limbs, shoots), bars
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
a-part' (badh, "separation," i.e. alone, by oneself; niddah, "uncleanness" i.e. something put away: "an abomination"): In Zec 12:12-14 the former word is used eleven times with powerful effect to indicate the separation of families and the isolation of wives through excessive grief in Jerusalem on account of the slain Messiah. The latter word signifies removal from ceremonial uncleanness (Le 15:19; 18:19; Eze 22:10). In Greek, kat' idian, "by themselves," of marked significance as expressing Christ's desire for privacy in prayer, alone or with His disciples; either in a desert (Mt 14:13); a mountain (Mt 14:23); or a…
אַיָּל (ayal) refers to a male deer, specifically a hart or stag. The word is derived from an intensive form related to another term for ram. It appears in contexts such as Psalm 42:2.
אַיָּל n.[m.] (f. ψ 42:2) hart, stag, deer
base
H354 אַיָּל hart, stag, deer
354 'ayal ah-yawl'
an intensive form of 352 (in the sense of ram); a stag or
male deer:--hart.
see HEBREW for 0352
אַיָּל (ay.yal) — deer.
stag, deer, hart
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
der ('ayyal, feminine 'ayyalah, and 'ayyeleth (compare Arabic, 'ayyal and 'iyal, "deer" and 'ayil, "ram," and Latin caper and capra, "goat," caprea, capreolus, "wild goat," "chamois," or "roe deer")); yachmur (compare Arabic, yachmur, "deer"); ya`alah, feminine of ya`el (compare Arabic, wa`l, "Pers wild goat"); tsebhi, and feminine tsebhiyah (compare Arabic, zabi and feminine zabiyah, "gazelle"); `opher (compare Arabic, ghafr and ghufr, "young of the mountain goat"):
Of the words in the preceding list, the writer believes that only the first two, i.e. 'ayyal (with its feminine forms) and yachmur should be translated "deer," 'ayyal for the roe deer and yachmur for the fallow deer. Further, he believes that ya`el (including ya`alah) should be translated "ibex," and tsebhi, "gazelle." `Opher is the young of a roe deer or of a gazelle.
[FALLOW-DEER]
A wild quadruped, of a middle size between the stag and the roebuck; its horns turn inward, and are large and flat. The fallow deer is naturally very timorous: it was reputed clean, and good for food, De 14:5. Young deer are noticed in Proverbs, Songs, and Isaiah, as beautiful creatures, and very swift, Pr 5:19. See HIND.
צְבִי (tsbiy) has two primary meanings: beauty or honor, and gazelle. It is derived from a root meaning prominence or splendor. The word encompasses concepts of beauty and glory, as well as referring to the gazelle, known for its gracefulness. The lexicons do not indicate any significant disagreement regarding its meanings.
צְבִי n.m. beauty, honour
base
צְבִי n.m. gazelle
base
H6643a צְבִי beauty, honour H6643b צְבִי gazelle
6643 tsbiy tseb-ee'
from 6638 in the sense of prominence; splendor (as
conspicuous); also a gazelle (as beautiful):--beautiful(-ty),
glorious (-ry), goodly, pleasant, roe(-buck).
see HEBREW for 06638
צְבִי (tse.vi) — beauty.
1) beauty, glory, honour
1a) beauty, decoration
1b) honour
צְבִי (tse.vi) — gazelle.
1) roebuck, gazelle
1a) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown
Also means: tse.viy.yah (צְבִיָּה "gazelle" H6646)
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
ga-zel' (tsebhi, and feminine tsebhiyah; compare Tabeitha (Ac 9:36), and Arabic zabi; also Arabic ghazal; Dorkas (Ac 9:36); modern Greek zarkadi):
The word "gazelle" does not occur in the King James Version, where tsebhi and tsebhiyah, in the 16 passages where they occur, are uniformly translated "roe" or "roebuck." In the Revised Version (British and American) the treatment is not uniform. We find "gazelle" without comment in De 12:15,22; 14:5; 15:22; 1Ki 4:23. We find "roe," with marginal note "or gazelle," in Pr 6:5; So 2:7,9,17; 4:5; 8:14;
See ROE.
יַחְמוּר (yachmuwr) refers to a type of deer, specifically a roebuck, characterized by its reddish color. The term may also suggest an extinct species, as its exact meaning is uncertain. The word is derived from a root meaning related to color, and it is noted in the context of animal references in the Old Testament.
יַחְמוּר n.[m.] roebuck
base
H3180 יַחְמוּר roebuck
3180 yachmuwr yakh-moor'
from 2560; a kind of deer (from the color; compare
2543):--fallow deer.
see HEBREW for 02560
see HEBREW for 02543
יַחְמוּר (yach.mur) — roebuck.
1) roebuck
1a) a kind of deer, reddish in colour
1b) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning unknown
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
der ('ayyal, feminine 'ayyalah, and 'ayyeleth (compare Arabic, 'ayyal and 'iyal, "deer" and 'ayil, "ram," and Latin caper and capra, "goat," caprea, capreolus, "wild goat," "chamois," or "roe deer")); yachmur (compare Arabic, yachmur, "deer"); ya`alah, feminine of ya`el (compare Arabic, wa`l, "Pers wild goat"); tsebhi, and feminine tsebhiyah (compare Arabic, zabi and feminine zabiyah, "gazelle"); `opher (compare Arabic, ghafr and ghufr, "young of the mountain goat"):
Of the words in the preceding list, the writer believes that only the first two, i.e. 'ayyal (with its feminine forms) and yachmur should be translated "deer," 'ayyal for the roe deer and yachmur for the fallow deer. Further, he believes that ya`el (including ya`alah) should be translated "ibex," and tsebhi, "gazelle." `Opher is the young of a roe deer or of a gazelle.
[FALLOW-DEER]
A wild quadruped, of a middle size between the stag and the roebuck; its horns turn inward, and are large and flat. The fallow deer is naturally very timorous: it was reputed clean, and good for food, De 14:5. Young deer are noticed in Proverbs, Songs, and Isaiah, as beautiful creatures, and very swift, Pr 5:19. See HIND.
בַּרְבֻּרִים (barbur) refers to fowl or birds, specifically those fattened for the table, as noted in 1 Kings 5:3. It is derived through reduplication from the root word for 'fowl' (H1250). The entries consistently emphasize its association with birds prepared for consumption.
בַּרְבֻּרִים n.m.pl. birds fattened for table of Solomon 1 K 5:3
ref
H1257 בַּרְבֻּרִים
1257 barbur bar-boor'
by reduplication from 1250; a fowl (as fattened on
grain):--fowl.
see HEBREW for 01250
בַּרְבֻּרִים (bar.bur) — fowl.
1) (CLBL) fowl, birds
2) (BDB/TWOT) birds fattened for table of Solomon
HC/Ncmpa — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Ncmpa
burds (`ayiT; Greek variously ta peteina (Mt 13:4) ta ornea tou ouranou (Re 19:17) ornis (Mt 23:37; Lu 13:34) Latin, avis; Old English "brid"):
I. Meaning of the Word.
All authorities agree that the exact origin of the word bird, as we apply it to feathered creatures, is unknown.
1. In Early Hebrew:
The Hebrew `ayiT means to "tear and scratch the face," and in its original form undoubtedly applied to birds of prey. It is probable that no spot of equal size on the face of the globe ever collected such numbers of vultures, eagles and hawks as ancient Palestine. The land was so luxuriant that flocks and herds fed from the face of Nature. In cities, villages, and among…
[SPARROW]
Birds, like other animals, were divided by Moses into clean and unclean; the former might be eaten, the latter not. The general ground of distinction is, that those which feed on grain or seeds are clean; while those which devour flesh, fish, or carrion, are unclean. Turtledoves, young pigeons, and perhaps some other kinds of birds, were prescribed in the Mosaic law as offerings, Le 5:7-10 14:4-7 Lu 2:24.
There is great difficulty in accurately determining the different species of birds prohibited in Le 11:13-19 De 14:11-20, and the proper version of the Hebrew names. The information we have respecting them may be found under the names by which they are translated in our…
→ Creation of, on the fifth creative day Ge 1:20-30
→ Man's dominion over Ge 1:26,28; 9:2,3; Ps 8:5-8; Jer 27:6; Da 2:38; Jas 3:7
→ Appointed for food Ge 9:2,3; De 14:11-20
→ What species were unclean Le 11:13-20; De 14:12-19
→ Used for sacifice
See DOVE
→ See PIGEON
אָבַס (abac) is a primitive root meaning to feed or fatten. The entries indicate that it primarily refers to the act of providing fodder, resulting in something being fatted or stalled. The term is associated with the idea of nourishment and growth.
[אָבַס] vb. feed, fatten
base
H75 אָבַס
75 'abac aw-bas'
a primitive root; to fodder:--fatted, stalled.
אָבַס (a.vas) — to fatten.
1) to feed, fatten
1a) (Qal) fattened (passive participle)
HVqsmpa — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine pluralHVqsmpa