1 Chronicles 27:31 — Word Study
WLCוְעַל־ הַצֹּ֖אן יָזִ֣יז הַֽהַגְרִ֑י כָּל־ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרְכ֔וּשׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽיד׃
BSAJazizYâzîyz△ [a descendant of Hagar] the HagriteHagrîy [an Arabian clan] was in charge ofʻal the flockstsôʼn [sheep and goats, or the king's livestock] Allkôl [every one of] theseʼêl-leh officials [were]sar [rulers, leaders, or captains] in charge of Kingmelek [the ruler, monarch] David’sDâvid [the youngest son of Jesse, a king of Israel] propertyrᵉkûwsh [possessions, goods, or riches]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעַל־ | and [was] over | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַצֹּ֖אן | the flock[s] | Particle, noun common both singular absolute |
| יָזִ֣יז | Jaziz | Noun proper masculine |
| הַֽהַגְרִ֑י | the Hagrite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| כָּל־ | all | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| אֵ֙לֶּה֙ | these | Particle |
| שָׂרֵ֣י | [were] [the] officials of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| הָרְכ֔וּשׁ | the property | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אֲשֶׁ֖ר | which | Particle |
| לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ | [belonged] to the king | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| דָּוִֽיד׃ | David | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the flocks. All these officials were in charge of King David’s property. |
| KJV | And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s. |
| ASV | All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s. |
| YLT | and over the flock [is] Jaziz the Hagerite; all these [are] heads of the substance that king David hath. |
| WEB | All these were the rulers of the property which was King David’s. |
| BBE | The flocks were in the care of Jaziz the Hagarite. All these were the controllers of King David's property. |
Where they part company is in the details of the officials' roles — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses, each with a subject and predicate, detailing the roles of Jaziz and the other officials in David's administration.
4 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 27:31
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Officials of King Davidgenerated
1 Chronicles 27:31 provides a glimpse into the organization of King David's kingdom, detailing the officials responsible for various resources. Jaziz the Hagrite is specifically noted for overseeing the flocks, indicating the importance of livestock management in the royal household. This verse fits within a broader context that lists various officials and their duties, highlighting the structured leadership during David's reign.
Cross References
The Key Word — יָזִיז, ya.Zizgenerated
The name יָזִיז (*Yaziyz*) refers to a man appointed to manage King David's flocks, indicating a role of responsibility and prominence. The name itself means 'He makes prominent', suggesting an individual of significance within the royal administration.
In this context, Jaziz is not just a name but represents a vital role in the management of resources, specifically livestock, which were crucial for sustenance and wealth in ancient Israel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is introduced with יָזִיז, Jaziz, followed by a prepositional phrase indicating his role: הַצֹּ֖אן, the flocks. The structure emphasizes Jaziz's responsibility over the livestock, which is a central aspect of the sentence.
The second part of the verse begins with כָּל־, all, leading into a description of the officials, indicating their collective role in managing King David's property. The organization of the sentence reflects the hierarchy and duties within David's administration.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָזִיז as ιαζιζ, maintaining the name but differing in word order and structure. This choice reflects the translators' approach to preserving the identity of the individuals while adapting the text for Greek readers.
The Greek word for הַצֹּ֖אן is προβάτων, which specifically denotes sheep, aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning but emphasizing the livestock aspect in a way familiar to a Greek audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 27:31 tells us that Jaziz the Hagrite was responsible for managing the flocks. It highlights the organization of King David's officials, showing how they oversaw different aspects of his property and resources.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jaziz was an official in King David's administration responsible for overseeing the flocks, indicating his significance in managing royal resources.
The term 'Hagrite' refers to a member of an Arabian clan, indicating Jaziz's background and possibly his role in David's diverse administration.
Livestock was a crucial resource for sustenance and wealth in ancient Israel, making Jaziz's role significant in ensuring the king's prosperity.
This verse is part of a larger list detailing the organization of King David's officials, illustrating the structured leadership and responsibilities within his kingdom.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What responsibilities do I have that require careful management, similar to Jaziz's role over the flocks?
- How can understanding the roles of leaders in the Bible inform my perspective on leadership today?
- In what ways can I contribute to the management of resources in my community?
- How does the structure of leadership in David's time compare to leadership structures I see today?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 27:31 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's. Rulers of the substance which was king David's.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 27 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(31) And over the flocks.—Of sheep and goats. Jaziz the Hagerite.—See 1 Chronicles 5:10-19, for the conquest of East Gilead, the home of the Hagrim, or “Hagerites,” by the tribe of Reuben, in the days of Saul. David’s herds of camels and flocks of small cattle may have grazed in the pastures east of the Jordan, under the charge of his Bedawi overseers. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.—The word rendered “rulers” is sârîm, “captains” or “princes.” (See 1 Chronicles 27:22.) The same term is translated “stewards” in 1 Chronicles 28:1. Substance (rĕ ?kûsh) is an old word, denoting especially the moveable wealth of a nomad chief. (Comp. Genesis 12:5; Genesis…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 27 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges31. Hagerite] R.V. Hagrite; cp. 1 Chronicles 5:10.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 27 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleOF THE KING’S REVENUE, 25-31.This section is interesting as showing the various kinds and sources of David’s royal revenue.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 27 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the flocks. All these officials were in charge of King David’s property.
All these were the rulers of the property which was King David’s.
Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the flocks. All these officials were in charge of King David’s property.
Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the sheep. All these were the officials in charge of King David’s property.
Tyndale line
And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.
All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.
and over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagrite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David’s.
And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerite. All these were the rulers of the substance which was king David's.
And ouer the sheepe was Iaziz the Hagerite: all these were the rulers of the substance that was King Dauids.
Strictly literal
And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagarite. All these were comptrollers of the substance which was king David's.
and over the flock [is] Jaziz the Hagerite; all these [are] heads of the substance that king David hath.
and Jaziz the Hagerite [is] over the flock; all these [are] heads of the substance that King David has.
And over the flocks was Jaziz the Hagerene. All these were the rulers of the property which belonged to king David.
Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the flocks. All these officials were in charge of the property of King David.
From the Latin
And over the sheep Jazia an Agarene. All these were the rulers of the substance of king David.
Simplified
Jaziz the Hagrite was in charge of the sheep and goats. These were all officials in charge of what belonged to King David.
The flocks were in the care of Jaziz the Hagarite. All these were the controllers of King David's property.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the content of this verse, with 9 of the 11 words matched. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the essential meaning regarding Jaziz's role and the officials' responsibilities remains consistent.
וְעַל־ הַצֹּ֖אן יָזִ֣יז הַֽהַגְרִ֑י כָּל־ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ שָׂרֵ֣י הָרְכ֔וּשׁ אֲשֶׁ֖ר לַמֶּ֥לֶךְ דָּוִֽיד׃
9 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 27:31
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
צֹאן (tso'n) refers to small cattle, specifically sheep and goats, and is used to denote a flock or flocks. It can also be used metaphorically to describe a multitude. The term appears in contexts such as Psalm 144:13, where it emphasizes the collective nature of these animals.
צֹאן 273 n.coll.f. small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
base
H6629 צֹאן small cattle, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
6629 tso'n tsone
or tsaown (Psalm 144:13) {tseh-one'}; from an unused root
meaning to migrate; a collective name for a flock (of sheep or
goats); also figuratively (of men):--(small) cattle, flock
(+ -s), lamb (+ -s), sheep((-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds)).
צֹאן (tson) — flock.
1) small cattle, sheep, sheep and goats, flock, flocks
1a) small cattle (usually of sheep and goats)
1b) of multitude (simile)
1c) of multitude (metaphor)
צֹאן (tson) — Sheep (Gate).
This name means sheep and goats
Also named: probatikos (προβατικός "Sheep Gate" G4262)
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common both singular absoluteHTd/Ncbsa
יָזִיז (Yaziyz) refers to a man named Jaziz, an officer of King David responsible for overseeing flocks, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 27:31. The name is derived from a root meaning 'to make prominent.' There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding this entry.
יָזִיז n.pr.m. an officer of David 1 Ch 27:31.
ref
H3151 יָזִיז
3151 Yaziyz yaw-zeez'
from the same as 2123; he will make prominent; Jaziz, an
Israelite:--Jaziz.
see HEBREW for 02123
יָזִיז (ya.ziz) — Jaziz.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.31
§ Jaziz = "He makes prominent"
a Hagarite, officer of David in charge of the flocks
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ja'-ziz (yaziz, meaning uncertain): The Hagrite who was over David's flocks (1Ch 27:30 (Hebrew 31)).
(whom God moves), a Hagarite who had charge of the flocks of King David. (1 Chronicles 27:31) (B.C. 1046.)
brightness; departing
→ A shepherd 1Ch 27:31
הַגְרִי (Hagriy) refers to a Hagrite, a member of an Arabian clan. It denotes a people who lived east of Palestine and were involved in conflicts with the Israelites during the time of Saul. Additionally, it identifies a man named Hagri, the father of Mibhar, who was one of David's mighty warriors.
הַגְרִי
n.pr.gent. a tribe (Aramean? Arabian?) with which the E. Jordan Israelites waged successful war
adj.gent. of an officer of David
n.pr.m. father of one of David’s warriors
base
H1905 הַגְרִי
1905 Hagriy hag-ree'
or (prolonged) Hagris {hag-ree'}; perhaps patronymically from
1904; a Hagrite or member of a certain Arabian clan:--
Hagarene, Hagarite, Haggeri.
see HEBREW for 01904
הַגְרִי (hag.ri) — Hagri.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.5.10;
father of: Mibhar (H4006)
§ Hagarenes or Hagarites
n pr gent
1) a people dwelling to the east of Palestine, with whom the tribes of Reuben made war in the time of Saul
adj patr
2) of one of David's servants
Haggeri = "wanderer"
3) father of Mibhar and one of David's mighty warriors
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.
(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.
(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Pron — ParticleHTm
שַׂר (sar) refers to a leader or ruler, encompassing a range of meanings from prince and chief to official and captain. It denotes various ranks, including military commanders and religious leaders, and can also imply a noble or merchant of high status. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to rule'.
שַׂר 420 n.m. chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
base
H8269 שַׂר chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince
8269 sar sar
from 8323; a head person (of any rank or class):--captain
(that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper,
lord, ((-task- ))master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.
see HEBREW for 08323
שַׂר (sar) — ruler.
1) prince, ruler, leader, chief, chieftain, official, captain
1a) chieftain, leader
1b) vassal, noble, official (under king)
1c) captain, general, commander (military)
1d) chief, head, overseer (of other official classes)
1e) heads, princes (of religious office)
1f) elders (of representative leaders of people)
1g) merchant-princes (of rank and dignity)
1h) patron-angel
1i) Ruler of rulers (of God)
1j) warden
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רְכוּשׁ (rkuwsh) refers to property or goods, encompassing a general term for movable possessions, including livestock and various items like stores and utensils. The word is derived from a passive participle of another Hebrew root (H7408), indicating its connection to gathered wealth or substance.
רְכוּשׁ, רְכֻשׁ n.m. property, goods
base
H7399 רְכוּשׁ, רְכֻשׁ property, goods
7399 rkuwsh rek-oosh'
or rkush {rek-oosh'}; from passive participle of 7408;
property (as gathered):--good, riches, substance.
see HEBREW for 07408
רְכוּשׁ (re.khush) — property.
1) property, goods, possessions
1a) property, goods
1a1) general term for all movable goods
1a2) of livestock
1a3) of stores, utensils, etc
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
prop'-er-ti.
See AGRARIAN LAWS; JUBILEE; POOR; PORTION; PRIMOGENITURE; WEALTH.
→ IN REAL ESTATE Ge 23:17,18; 26:20
Rights in, violated Ge 21:25; 26:18-22
Dedicated Le 27:16-25
See LAND
Dwellings
Alienated for debt Le 25:29,30
By absence 2Ki 8:1-6
In villages, inalienable Le 25:31-33
Dedicated Le 27:14,15
Confiscation of (Naboth' s vineyard) 1Ki 21:15,16
Priests exempt from taxes Ge 47:22
Entail of Nu 27:1-11; 36:1-9
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king
base
H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king
4428 melek meh'-lek
from 4427; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
1) king
Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)
הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.
'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.
Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHRd/Ncmsa
King
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).
This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;
"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…
דָּוִד (David) refers to the second king of Israel, known as the youngest son of Jesse. The name means 'beloved' and is associated with a significant lineage, including many siblings and notable descendants like Solomon. The entries highlight his familial connections and historical context, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
דָּוִד, דָּוִיד 1066 n.pr.m. David
base
H1732 דָּוִד, דָּוִיד David
1732 David daw-veed'
rarely (fully); Daviyd {daw-veed'}; from the same as 1730;
loving; David, the youngest son of Jesse:--David.
see HEBREW for 01730
דָּוִד (da.vid) — David.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17;
son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I);
brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339);
father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
da'-vid (dawidh, or dawidh, "beloved"; Daueid, also in New Testament, Dauid, Dabid; see Thayer's Lexicon):
I. NAME AND GENEALOGY
II. EARLY YEARS
1. Shepherd
2. Slinger
3. Harpist
4. Poet
5. Psalmist
6. Tribesman
III. IN THE SERVICE OF SAUL
1. David First Meets Saul
2. His First Exploit
3. Envy of Saul and Flight of David
4. Jonathan and David
IV. DAVID IN EXILE
1. David as Outlaw
2. David Joins the Philistines
V. DAVID AS KING
1. Civil War
2. Conquests Abroad
3. Political Situation
4. The Ark
VI. DOMESTIC LIFE
1. His Wives and Children
2. Domestic Troubles
VII. HIS OFFICIALS
1. Prophets
2. Priests
3. Military Officers
4. Other Officials
5. Mutual Rivalry
VIII. PERSONAL CHARACTER OF DAVID
1. Chronicles
2. Psalms
3. Complex Character
4. Physical Courage
5. Moral Courage
6. Prudence
7. Strategy
8. Nobility
9. David in Relation to His Family
10. David in Relation to His Friends
11. His Success
12. His Foreign Friends
13. Nemesis
David
Beloved, the eighth and youngest son of Jesse, a citizen of Bethlehem. His father seems to have been a man in humble life. His mother’s name is not recorded. Some think she was the Nahash of 2 Sam. 17:25. As to his personal appearance, we only know that he was red-haired, with beautiful eyes and a fair face (1 Sam. 16:12; 17:42).
His early occupation was that of tending his father’s sheep on the uplands of Judah. From what we know of his after history, doubtless he frequently beguiled his time, when thus engaged, with his shepherd’s flute, while he drank in the many lessons taught him by the varied scenes spread around him. His first recorded exploits were his encounters with the wild beasts of the field. He mentions that with his own unaided hand he slew a lion and also a…
(well-beloved), the son of Jesse. His life may be divided into three portions: His youth before his introduction to the court of Saul; His relations with Saul; His reign. The early life of David contains in many important respects the antecedents of his future career. It appears that David was the youngest son, probably the youngest child, of a family of ten, and was born in Bethlehem B.C. 1085. The first time that David appears in history at once admits us to the whole family circle. The annual sacrificial feast is being held when Samuel appears, sent by God to anoint one of Jesse’s sons as they pass before him, (1 Samuel 16:6-10) Samuel sends for the youngest, David, who was "keeping the sheep," and anoints him. (1 Samuel 16:11-13) As David stood before Samuel we are enabled to…
Beloved, the youngest son of Jesse, of the tribe of Judah, born in Bethlehem B. C. 1085; one of the most remarkable men in either sacred of secular history. His life is fully recorded in 1Sa 16:1 1Ki 2:46. He was "the Lord’s anointed," chosen by God to be king of Israel instead of Saul, and consecrated to that office by the venerable prophet Samuel long before he actually came to the throne, 1Sa 16:1-13, for which God prepared him by the gift of his Spirit, and a long course of vicissitudes and dangers. In his early pastoral life he distinguished himself by his boldness, fidelity, and faith in God; and while yet a youth was summoned to court, as one expert in music, valiant, prudent in behavior, and comely in person. He…