Proverbs 4:18
Verse
Context
Sermons






Summary
Commentary
- Keil-Delitzsch
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary
The two ways that lie for his choice before the youth, are distinguished from one another as light is from darkness: 18 And the path of the just is like the brightness of the morning light, Which shines more and more till the perfect day. 19 The way of the wicked is deep darkness, They know not at what they stumble. The Hebr. style is wont to conceal in its Vav (ו) diverse kinds of logical relations, but the Vav of 18a may suitably stand before 19a, where the discontinuance of this contrast of the two ways is unsuitable. The displacing of a Vav from its right position is not indeed without example (see under Psa 16:3); but since Pro 4:19 joins itself more easily than Pro 4:18 to Pro 4:17 without missing a particle, thus it is more probable that the two verses are to be transposed, than that the ו of וארח (Pro 4:17) is to be prefixed to דּרך (Pro 4:18). Sinning, says Pro 4:16, has become to the godless as a second nature, so that they cannot sleep without it; they must continually be sinning, adds Pro 4:17, for thus and not otherwise do they gain for themselves their daily bread. With reference to this fearful self-perversion to which wickedness has become a necessity and a condition of life, the poet further says that the way of the godless is כּאפלה, (Note: In good MSS and printed copies the כ has the Pathach, as Kimchi states the rule in Michlol 45a: כל כּאפלה פתח, כל כּאבנים פתח.) as deep darkness, as the entire absence of light: it cannot be otherwise than that they fall, but they do not at all know whereat they fall, for they do not at all know wickedness as such, and have no apprehension of the punishment which from an inward necessity it brings along with it; on the contrary, the path of the just is in constantly increasing light - the light of knowledge, and the light of true happiness which is given (Note: Hitzig inverts the order of Pro 4:18 and Pro 4:19, and connects the כּי of 16a immediately with Pro 4:19 (for the way of the wicked...). He moreover regards Pro 4:16, Pro 4:17 as an interpolation, and explains Pro 4:16 as a gloss transforming the text of Pro 4:19. "That the wicked commit wickedness," says Hitzig, "is indeed certain (Sa1 24:14), and the warning of Pro 4:15 ought not to derive its motive from their energy in sinning." But the warning against the way of the wicked is founded not on their energy in sinning, but on their bondage to sin: their sleep, their food and drink - their life both when they sleep and when they wake - is conditioned by sin and is penetrated by sin. This foundation of the warning furnishes what is needed, and is in nothing open to objection. And that in Pro 4:16 and Pro 4:19 לא ירעוּ and לא ידעוּ, יכשׁולוּ and יכּשׁלוּ, נג זלה and כּאפלה seem to be alike, does not prove that Pro 4:16 originated as a parallel text from Pro 4:19 - in the one verse as in the other the thoughts are original.) in and with knowledge. On בּמּה vid., under Isa 2:22; it is מכשׁול, σκάνδαλον, that is meant, stumbling against which (cf. Lev 26:37) they stumble to their fall. נגהּ, (Note: Bttcher, under Sa2 23:4, explains נגהּ of the brightness striking against, conquering (cf. נגח, נגף) the clouds; but ferire or percutere lies nearer (cf. נגע, Eze 17:10, נכה, Psa 121:6, and the Arab. darb, used of strong sensible impressions), as Silius, iv. 329, says of the light: percussit lumine campos.) used elsewhere than in the Bible, means the morning star (Venus), (Sirach 50:4, Syr.); when used in the Bible it means the early dawn, the light of the rising sun, the morning light, Sa2 23:4; Isa 62:1, which announces itself in the morning twilight, Dan 6:20. The light of this morning sunshine is הולך ואור, going and shining, i.e., becoming ever brighter. In the connection of הולך ואור it might be a question whether אור is regarded as gerundive (Gen 8:3, Gen 8:5), or as participle (Sa2 16:5; Jer 41:6), or as a participial adjective (Gen 26:13; Jdg 4:24); in the connection of הלוך ואור, on the contrary, it is unquestionably the gerundive: the partic. denoting the progress joins itself either with the partic., Jon 1:11, or with the participial adjective, Sa2 3:1; Ch2 17:12, or with another adjective formation, Sa2 15:12; Est 9:4 (where וגדול after וגדל of other places appears to be intended as an adjective, not after Sa2 5:10 as gerundive). Thus ואור, as also וטוב, Sa1 2:26, will be participial after the form בּושׁ, being ashamed (Ges. 72, 1); cf. בּוס, Zac 10:5, קום, Kg2 16:7. "נכון היּום quite corresponds to the Greek τὸ σταθηρὸν τῆς ἡμέρας, ἡ σταθηρὰ μεσημβρία (as one also says τὸ σταθηρὸν τῆς νυκτός), and to the Arabic qâ'mt ‛l-nhâr and qâ'mt ‛l-dhyrt. The figure is probably derived from the balance (cf. Lucan's Pharsalia, lib. 9: quam cardine summo Stat librata dies): before and after midday the tongue on the balance of the day bends to the left and to the right, but at the point of midday it stands directly in the midst" (Fleischer). It is the midday time that is meant, when the clearness of the day has reached its fullest intensity - the point between increasing and decreasing, when, as we are wont to say, the sun stands in the zenith (= Arab. samt, the point of support, i.e., the vertex). Besides Mar 4:28, there is no biblical passage which presents like these two a figure of gradual development. The progress of blissful knowledge is compared to that of the clearness of the day till it reaches its midday height, having reached to which it becomes a knowing of all in God, Pro 28:5; Jo1 2:20.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
As shining light increases from twilight to noonday splendor, so the course of the just increases in purity, but that of the wicked is as thickest darkness, in which one knows not on what he stumbles.
John Gill Bible Commentary
But the path of the just is as the shining light,.... The "just" man is one that is made righteous through the righteousness of Christ imputed to him; and who is created anew in Christ, in righteousness and true holiness; and, under the influence of divine grace, lives soberly, righteously, and godly: the "path" he is directed to walk in, and does, is Christ himself, the way, the truth, and the life; through whose blood, righteousness, and sacrifice, he goes to God for grace and mercy, for peace, pardon, and acceptance, for fresh supplies of grace, and in order to enjoy communion with him; and who also is the way of salvation, and to eternal life and happiness: and, besides this grand and principal path, there are the paths of truth, righteousness, and holiness; the path of duty and obedience; the way of the commandments of God, and ordinances of Christ: and this path he walks in, whether of grace or duty, is "as the shining light"; or of the morning, when the day first dawns, or at least when the sun rises. Such is the light beamed in at first conversion, which directs men to walk in the above mentioned paths; it is a light after a night of darkness, as such is the state of unregeneracy; which, though at first is but glimmering, yet afterwards is clear and shining; especially when Christ the sun of righteousness appears, or is revealed, as the hope of glory. The first grace in conversion is a "true light that shines", Jo1 2:8, by which a soul sees its own vileness and filthiness, the insufficiency of its own righteousness; and the fulness, suitableness, and ability Christ as a Saviour, and has some discerning of Gospel truths; that shineth more and more unto the perfect day; or "going and shining" (z), or "enlightening": it shines clearer and clearer, so does true grace; it grows and increases more and more, every grace does, faith, hope, love, patience, humility, &c. the light of the knowledge of Christ the way, though it is imperfect, yet capable of being increased, and is increased by means of the ministry of the word and ordinances; which increase God has promised, saints pursue after, and attain unto. Light into the Gospel, and the doctrines of it, increases yet more and more; whereby a soul walks pleasantly, comfortably, and safely, in right path, "until the perfect day" of glory comes, a day without clouds; when there will be nothing to interpose between God and them; when there will be no more clouds of darkness, unbelief, doubts, and fears; when the sun will always be seen, no more withdrawn, eclipsed, or set; even Christ, the sun of righteousness, whose glory will always be beheld by the righteous to all eternity: when there will be no more night of affliction, desertion, and death; when the light of knowledge will be clear and perfect, and saints shall see face to face, and know as they are known; and when not only the light of the righteous shall be so clear, distinct, and perfect, but they themselves shall shine as the sun in the kingdom of God. The words may be rendered, "the prepared day" (a); appointed in the decrees of God, and firmly established by them: the invisible glories of the heavenly state, which make this everlasting day, are things which God has prepared for his people; the kingdom and glory itself, the inheritance of the saints in light, is prepared for them from the foundation of the world. And, since such is the path of the just, who would walk in the ways of the wicked? which are the reverse of this, as the following words show. (z) "vadens et illuminans", Montanus; "ambulans et lucens", Gejerus; "pergens et lucens", Michaelis; "procedens et lucens", Schultens. (a) "usque ad paratum diem", Pagninus, Montanus.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
4:18-19 Light stands for wisdom and righteousness, and darkness stands for foolishness and wickedness (see Eccl 2:12-14). Light brings actions into the open; darkness hides them. Righteous people have nothing to hide, while the wicked try to hide what they do and end up stumbling over obstacles in the dark (see Matt 4:16; 5:14-16; John 1:14; Rom 2:19).
Proverbs 4:18
A Father’s Instruction
17For they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence. 18The path of the righteous is like the first gleam of dawn, shining brighter and brighter until midday. 19But the way of the wicked is like the darkest gloom; they do not know what makes them stumble.
- Scripture
- Sermons
- Commentary
A Father's Counsel
By Warren Wiersbe35K38:14CounselPRO 2:1PRO 2:8PRO 3:1PRO 4:18In this sermon, the preacher focuses on Proverbs chapter 3 and emphasizes the importance of following God's counsel. He highlights five admonitions given by God in this chapter. The first admonition is to learn God's Word, emphasizing the importance of studying and understanding the Bible. The second admonition is to obey God's will, acknowledging Him in all aspects of life. The preacher also emphasizes the importance of trusting in God's guidance and not leaning on our own understanding. Lastly, he encourages listeners to fear the Lord and depart from evil, emphasizing the blessings and protection that come from following God's counsel.
Gathering in Jesus Name (Tamil)
By Zac Poonen5.3K1:00:27PRO 4:18DAN 4:33LUK 12:13ROM 8:29GAL 5:17PHP 3:132TI 1:6HEB 12:1REV 3:17This sermon emphasizes the importance of spiritual progress and becoming more like Jesus Christ each year. It highlights the need to forget past accomplishments and focus on continuous growth in humility, service, and freedom from worldly desires. The key is to be filled with the Holy Spirit, allowing His fire to burn up all fleshly desires and to make our lives brighter and brighter like the light of dawn.
Parables of Jesus - 05 Four Types of Backsliders
By Zac Poonen2.6K50:00ParablesPRO 4:18LUK 15:3LUK 15:10In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the topic of backsliding and explores four types of backsliders described in Luke chapter 15. The speaker emphasizes that God's perfect will for believers is to never backslide, as stated in Proverbs 4:18. However, the speaker acknowledges that many believers are not wholehearted and radical, leading them to backslide. The sermon delves into the story of the lost sheep as an example of one type of backslider and highlights the importance of repentance in avoiding backsliding.
(Texas 2009) Question Answers Part 1
By Zac Poonen2.0K1:04:31Question AnswerPRO 4:18MAT 6:33ACT 3:2ACT 4:4ACT 4:222TI 2:201JN 3:2In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the story of a man who was lame and begged for alms at the beautiful gate of the temple. Peter and John encounter him and instead of giving him money, they heal him in the name of Jesus. This miraculous healing leads to the salvation of many who heard the message, with the number of believers reaching about 5,000. The speaker emphasizes the responsibility of Christians to reflect Jesus in their lives and to go about doing good, just as Jesus did.
(Pure Testimony) the Witness of One Man
By Zac Poonen1.9K1:00:37PurityJOB 1:1PRO 4:18ISA 55:8MAT 11:251CO 2:9In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the power of one person's influence. He uses the examples of Daniel and Noah to illustrate how even a small group or family can have a significant impact on others. The speaker encourages listeners to be fully committed to God, even if no one else is interested in the high standards they preach. He also emphasizes the importance of maintaining a constant and unwavering spiritual fire, rather than fluctuating in one's faith. The sermon concludes with a reminder that God freely gives His blessings and thoughts to His people, and that doubts and grumblings should not arise when faced with challenges or delays in receiving healing or blessings.
World-Changer by Micheal Brown
By Micheal L. Brown1.8K05:23PSA 37:4PRO 4:18ISA 41:10MAT 5:16PHP 1:61TH 5:17HEB 12:1JAS 4:81PE 2:9This sermon emphasizes the importance of seizing the opportunity to live a life that counts for God, to let our light shine in darkness, and to seek after Him wholeheartedly. It challenges listeners to prioritize God above all else, to pursue His will, and to trust in His promises for a bright future. The message encourages a life of passion, purity, and perseverance in faith, knowing that God will bring His work to completion in us.
One Sin Will Destroy You
By Bob Jennings1.7K08:35PSA 119:105PRO 4:18JHN 3:19EPH 5:81JN 1:7Walking in the light is emphasized as the path to finding joy, a clear conscience, and a close relationship with God. The sermon highlights the importance of addressing any darkness in our hearts, as it hinders our spiritual growth and effectiveness in God's kingdom. It warns against the deception and destructive nature of hidden sins, urging believers to step into the light for repentance and restoration.
The Tyranny of the Soul
By Devern Fromke1.5K1:13:46TyrannyPRO 4:18MAT 6:33JHN 11:1EPH 5:14HEB 12:11In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of spiritual reality over mere religious practices. He highlights the tendency for people to focus on urgent tasks and externalities, rather than prioritizing the deeper, spiritual aspects of their faith. The speaker encourages listeners to move beyond surface-level religion and seek the heart and reality of what God desires. He also mentions the significance of the Lord's table and the need to approach worship with a genuine, experiential connection to Jesus.
Preserving Ourselves in God's Paths
By Zac Poonen1.4K56:53Christian LifePRO 4:7PRO 4:18MAT 16:24JHN 14:26EPH 6:12JAS 1:22In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of being a living demonstration of the truth of the Bible and the reality of a risen Christ. He highlights three key qualities that Jesus exemplified: humility, love, and sacrifice. Jesus' obedience to the point of death on the cross is highlighted as the ultimate act of sacrifice. The speaker challenges listeners to examine their own lives and consider if they have made similar sacrifices for the sake of serving others in Christ's name.
Manifesting the Life of Jesus (Tamil)
By Zac Poonen1.2K1:08:16GEN 1:2EXO 34:29PRO 4:18PRO 28:13MAT 7:7LUK 10:42JHN 1:42CO 3:18HEB 8:10JAS 4:8This sermon emphasizes the transition from the old covenant to the new covenant, highlighting the need for honesty and true transformation through the Holy Spirit. It discusses the importance of living a life that reflects the light of Jesus, growing in purity, humility, and love. The speaker urges listeners to seek genuine repentance, embrace the new covenant where glory increases, and strive to be a light in the world like Jesus.
The Benefits of Wisdom
By Chuck Smith1.2K25:04WisdomPRO 3:13PRO 3:34PRO 4:14PRO 4:18PRO 4:23PRO 4:26PRO 6:16PRO 10:22PRO 10:27PRO 11:2PRO 11:24In this sermon, Pastor Chuck Smith emphasizes the importance of wisdom and understanding in one's life. He encourages listeners to seek wisdom and not to forsake the instructions of a father. Pastor Chuck explains that the discovery of wisdom leads to happiness and that it is more valuable than silver. He also emphasizes the importance of doing good to others when one has the ability to do so. Throughout the sermon, Pastor Chuck references biblical passages, particularly from the book of Proverbs, to support his teachings on wisdom and righteousness.
Daily Transformation to Christlikeness
By Zac Poonen1.1K1:08:56PSA 90:12PRO 4:18ISA 50:4MAT 11:28ROM 8:292CO 3:182CO 4:16This sermon emphasizes the importance of daily surrendering to God, seeking His wisdom, and becoming more like Jesus Christ each day. It highlights the need to listen to God's voice daily, respond to His leading, and seek His approval at the end of each day. The message encourages turning to the Holy Spirit to remove veils of sin, legalism, and judgmental attitudes, allowing us to see Jesus clearly and be transformed into His likeness from glory to glory.
Personal Holiness - Part 6
By William MacDonald1.1K34:42HolinessPRO 4:18MAT 4:18LUK 2:8LUK 5:4LUK 5:8LUK 5:11ACT 5:41In this sermon, the preacher discusses the concept of giving back to the Lord and how everything we have comes from Him. He emphasizes the importance of launching out into the deep and not staying in the shallow waters of life to avoid problems. The preacher also highlights the reaction of Simon Peter when he saw the glory of Jesus, realizing his own unworthiness. The sermon concludes with a reminder of the tragedy of a wasted life and the need to translate the teachings into action.
The Christ-Centered Home
By David Alspaugh1.1K1:40:59Godly HomePSA 122:1PRO 4:18EPH 6:1COL 3:20In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of having a personal relationship with God. He references Proverbs 4:18 and Revelation 3 to illustrate that the path of the righteous shines brighter and brighter as they continue to persevere and press on. The preacher then shifts the focus to the topic of the home and the role of parents in transmitting the Christian faith to their children. He highlights the significance of a godly courtship and the need for parents to be born again. The sermon concludes with the recognition that it is a miracle for two individuals with different backgrounds and experiences to come together in marriage and emphasizes the importance of relying on God's guidance in this journey.
Logos 2 and Doulos Visit
By George Verwer91155:24Mission FieldPRO 4:18MAT 28:19In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the need to market and promote the project of spreading the word of God more effectively. They mention the existence of numerous videos that most people, including those on OM (presumably referring to Operation Mobilization), have never seen. The speaker expresses excitement about an audio tape that can be listened to in the car, acknowledging the difficulty of watching a video while driving. They also highlight the effectiveness of evangelism on the ship called Lagos, which has an extra auditorium and is constructed in a way that allows for more outreach. The ship's impact is demonstrated through media coverage, radio, television, and front-page testimonies, leading to people recommitting their lives to Jesus Christ. The speaker acknowledges some weaknesses, such as language barriers and limited time for in-depth relationships with volunteers, but emphasizes the positive response and interest from people who witness the ship's work. The sermon concludes by highlighting the growing missionary movement in Latin America and Asia and the need for everyone to receive and embrace the vision of spreading the gospel.
Disciplines of a Godly Life
By Zac Poonen85858:56PRO 4:18This sermon emphasizes the importance of living a life of righteousness, sincerity, and gratitude in the fear of God. It highlights the need to cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in reverence for God, to dwell with the consuming fire of God. The message stresses the continuous burning of purification in our lives, rejecting unrighteous gain, stopping ears from hearing evil, and shutting eyes from looking upon evil, to walk in the light and live with sincerity and honesty.
Living With the Consuming Fire
By Zac Poonen73759:25PRO 4:18MAT 25:12CO 6:162CO 7:1HEB 12:25This sermon emphasizes the importance of living in reverence for God and the need to maintain a healthy fear of God to gain wisdom. It highlights the significance of not refusing God's warnings and the importance of gratitude, sincerity, and righteousness in our actions. The message stresses the need to cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of flesh and spirit to dwell with God as a consuming fire and perfect holiness in the fear of God.
The Fruit of Our Service Is Holiness
By Zac Poonen58258:08PRO 4:18MAT 7:21ROM 6:22ROM 8:282CO 2:141JN 3:2This sermon emphasizes the importance of being prepared for the return of Christ, focusing on the need for personal sanctification and service to the Lord. It highlights the dual hope of seeing Jesus and becoming like Him, encouraging believers to purify themselves daily until they attain Christ's standard of purity. The speaker stresses the significance of serving the Lord in all aspects of life, leading others closer to Christ, and living in readiness to meet the Lord with boldness and confidence.
A Sermon Occasioned by the Death of Mrs. Mary Fall.
By John Gill0Assurance in ChristGuidance in TrialsPSA 119:105PRO 4:18ISA 30:21JHN 14:6ROM 1:16EPH 1:7EPH 2:18HEB 10:201PE 1:92PE 1:19John Gill preaches a sermon occasioned by the death of Mrs. Mary Fall, emphasizing the importance of following God's guidance in times of distress. He draws from Isaiah 30:21, illustrating how the Lord directs His people to walk in His ways, especially during trials. Gill reassures the congregation that God's word provides clear direction and comfort, encouraging them to trust in Christ as the only way to salvation and eternal life. He highlights the significance of spiritual nourishment through the word of God, which leads to peace and strength for believers. The sermon serves as a reminder of the hope and assurance found in Christ, even amidst sorrow and loss.
(Exchanging Our Self-Life for Christ's Life) 2. the Pathway to the Christ-Life (I) : Being Broken
By Zac Poonen0BrokennessTransformation in ChristGEN 28:10GEN 32:24PSA 46:7PRO 4:18ACT 1:82CO 3:182CO 12:9GAL 2:20PHP 1:6HEB 12:10Zac Poonen emphasizes the necessity of being broken to exchange our self-life for Christ's life, illustrating this through the life of Jacob. He explains that true transformation occurs when we allow the Holy Spirit to crucify our self-centeredness, enabling Christ to manifest His glory within us. Poonen highlights Jacob's journey from deceit and self-reliance to a place of brokenness and dependence on God, culminating in his blessing at Peniel. The sermon underscores that the pathway to the fullness of life in Christ is through the cross, where we must confront our weaknesses and surrender to God's will. Ultimately, Poonen encourages believers to seek God's power through brokenness and honesty, assuring them that God is faithful to complete His work in their lives.
Righteous
By Zac Poonen0Faith and TransformationRighteousnessPRO 4:18ROM 4:20Zac Poonen preaches on the paths of the righteous, emphasizing that unlike the fluctuating experiences of Old Testament figures, the life of a believer should be a steady ascent towards holiness, akin to the rising sun. He illustrates that true righteousness is not about adhering to rules but about a transformative relationship with God through faith and the Holy Spirit. Poonen encourages believers to trust in God's promises, asserting that faith is essential for experiencing the fullness of life in Christ. He contrasts the old covenant's limitations with the new covenant's promise of internal transformation, urging listeners to judge themselves and seek a deeper walk with God. Ultimately, he affirms that a life of continuous growth in righteousness is not only possible but God's will for every believer.
The Eye of Faith
By A.W. Pink0Spiritual PerceptionFaithJOB 42:5PSA 25:15PRO 4:18JHN 8:56ACT 26:18GAL 3:1HEB 11:27A.W. Pink explores the concept of faith as the 'eye' that perceives the reality of God, as illustrated by Job's declaration of seeing God after overcoming self-righteousness. He emphasizes that faith, like the eye, is passive, directing, quick, capacious, assuring, impressing, wondrous, and tender, allowing believers to perceive spiritual truths and navigate their lives. Pink draws parallels between the physical eye and faith, highlighting how faith enables Christians to see beyond the material world and grasp the eternal promises of God. He encourages believers to cultivate their faith, which grows deeper and clearer over time, leading to a transformative relationship with Christ.
Twentieth Day: "I Walk Through the Valley of the Shadow of death."
By J. Wilbur Chapman0PSA 23:4PRO 4:18PHP 1:211JN 1:7J. Wilbur Chapman preaches about the believer's journey through death into the presence of God, emphasizing the calm and composed walk of the dying saint who trusts in God's guidance and promises. The valley of death is portrayed as a place of peace and transition into immortality, where the believer can find rest and emerge into glory. Chapman urges the listeners to reflect on the significance of their lives in light of eternity and to live each day in a way that aligns with their ultimate destination.
Purity and Maturity
By Thomas Cook0PRO 4:182CO 7:1PHP 3:13HEB 10:10JAS 4:8Thomas Cook preaches about the importance of purity of heart and maturity in Christian character. He distinguishes between purity of heart, which is an instantaneous work of the Holy Spirit cleansing us from sin, and maturity, which involves a gradual process of growth in virtues. Cook emphasizes that purity is the removal of anything adverse to God, while maturity refers to the ripeness and fullness of Christian virtues. He highlights the need for believers to seek both a clean heart and spiritual growth in order to experience the fullness of God's grace and to continually progress in knowledge, love, and conformity to Christ.
Walking With God
By Thomas Cook0GEN 5:24PSA 119:105PRO 4:18ISA 35:8AMO 3:3MIC 6:82CO 3:18GAL 5:25PHP 3:131JN 1:7Thomas Cook preaches on the concept that holiness is not just a state but a way, a highway where believers walk with Christ by consecration, faith, surrender, and trust, growing more like Him each day. Walking with God involves companionship, fellowship, and progress, where believers experience the real presence of Christ, engage in intimate friendship with Him, and steadily progress in their spiritual journey, never going back but always moving forward towards becoming more like Christ.
- Keil-Delitzsch
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch Old Testament Commentary
The two ways that lie for his choice before the youth, are distinguished from one another as light is from darkness: 18 And the path of the just is like the brightness of the morning light, Which shines more and more till the perfect day. 19 The way of the wicked is deep darkness, They know not at what they stumble. The Hebr. style is wont to conceal in its Vav (ו) diverse kinds of logical relations, but the Vav of 18a may suitably stand before 19a, where the discontinuance of this contrast of the two ways is unsuitable. The displacing of a Vav from its right position is not indeed without example (see under Psa 16:3); but since Pro 4:19 joins itself more easily than Pro 4:18 to Pro 4:17 without missing a particle, thus it is more probable that the two verses are to be transposed, than that the ו of וארח (Pro 4:17) is to be prefixed to דּרך (Pro 4:18). Sinning, says Pro 4:16, has become to the godless as a second nature, so that they cannot sleep without it; they must continually be sinning, adds Pro 4:17, for thus and not otherwise do they gain for themselves their daily bread. With reference to this fearful self-perversion to which wickedness has become a necessity and a condition of life, the poet further says that the way of the godless is כּאפלה, (Note: In good MSS and printed copies the כ has the Pathach, as Kimchi states the rule in Michlol 45a: כל כּאפלה פתח, כל כּאבנים פתח.) as deep darkness, as the entire absence of light: it cannot be otherwise than that they fall, but they do not at all know whereat they fall, for they do not at all know wickedness as such, and have no apprehension of the punishment which from an inward necessity it brings along with it; on the contrary, the path of the just is in constantly increasing light - the light of knowledge, and the light of true happiness which is given (Note: Hitzig inverts the order of Pro 4:18 and Pro 4:19, and connects the כּי of 16a immediately with Pro 4:19 (for the way of the wicked...). He moreover regards Pro 4:16, Pro 4:17 as an interpolation, and explains Pro 4:16 as a gloss transforming the text of Pro 4:19. "That the wicked commit wickedness," says Hitzig, "is indeed certain (Sa1 24:14), and the warning of Pro 4:15 ought not to derive its motive from their energy in sinning." But the warning against the way of the wicked is founded not on their energy in sinning, but on their bondage to sin: their sleep, their food and drink - their life both when they sleep and when they wake - is conditioned by sin and is penetrated by sin. This foundation of the warning furnishes what is needed, and is in nothing open to objection. And that in Pro 4:16 and Pro 4:19 לא ירעוּ and לא ידעוּ, יכשׁולוּ and יכּשׁלוּ, נג זלה and כּאפלה seem to be alike, does not prove that Pro 4:16 originated as a parallel text from Pro 4:19 - in the one verse as in the other the thoughts are original.) in and with knowledge. On בּמּה vid., under Isa 2:22; it is מכשׁול, σκάνδαλον, that is meant, stumbling against which (cf. Lev 26:37) they stumble to their fall. נגהּ, (Note: Bttcher, under Sa2 23:4, explains נגהּ of the brightness striking against, conquering (cf. נגח, נגף) the clouds; but ferire or percutere lies nearer (cf. נגע, Eze 17:10, נכה, Psa 121:6, and the Arab. darb, used of strong sensible impressions), as Silius, iv. 329, says of the light: percussit lumine campos.) used elsewhere than in the Bible, means the morning star (Venus), (Sirach 50:4, Syr.); when used in the Bible it means the early dawn, the light of the rising sun, the morning light, Sa2 23:4; Isa 62:1, which announces itself in the morning twilight, Dan 6:20. The light of this morning sunshine is הולך ואור, going and shining, i.e., becoming ever brighter. In the connection of הולך ואור it might be a question whether אור is regarded as gerundive (Gen 8:3, Gen 8:5), or as participle (Sa2 16:5; Jer 41:6), or as a participial adjective (Gen 26:13; Jdg 4:24); in the connection of הלוך ואור, on the contrary, it is unquestionably the gerundive: the partic. denoting the progress joins itself either with the partic., Jon 1:11, or with the participial adjective, Sa2 3:1; Ch2 17:12, or with another adjective formation, Sa2 15:12; Est 9:4 (where וגדול after וגדל of other places appears to be intended as an adjective, not after Sa2 5:10 as gerundive). Thus ואור, as also וטוב, Sa1 2:26, will be participial after the form בּושׁ, being ashamed (Ges. 72, 1); cf. בּוס, Zac 10:5, קום, Kg2 16:7. "נכון היּום quite corresponds to the Greek τὸ σταθηρὸν τῆς ἡμέρας, ἡ σταθηρὰ μεσημβρία (as one also says τὸ σταθηρὸν τῆς νυκτός), and to the Arabic qâ'mt ‛l-nhâr and qâ'mt ‛l-dhyrt. The figure is probably derived from the balance (cf. Lucan's Pharsalia, lib. 9: quam cardine summo Stat librata dies): before and after midday the tongue on the balance of the day bends to the left and to the right, but at the point of midday it stands directly in the midst" (Fleischer). It is the midday time that is meant, when the clearness of the day has reached its fullest intensity - the point between increasing and decreasing, when, as we are wont to say, the sun stands in the zenith (= Arab. samt, the point of support, i.e., the vertex). Besides Mar 4:28, there is no biblical passage which presents like these two a figure of gradual development. The progress of blissful knowledge is compared to that of the clearness of the day till it reaches its midday height, having reached to which it becomes a knowing of all in God, Pro 28:5; Jo1 2:20.
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
As shining light increases from twilight to noonday splendor, so the course of the just increases in purity, but that of the wicked is as thickest darkness, in which one knows not on what he stumbles.
John Gill Bible Commentary
But the path of the just is as the shining light,.... The "just" man is one that is made righteous through the righteousness of Christ imputed to him; and who is created anew in Christ, in righteousness and true holiness; and, under the influence of divine grace, lives soberly, righteously, and godly: the "path" he is directed to walk in, and does, is Christ himself, the way, the truth, and the life; through whose blood, righteousness, and sacrifice, he goes to God for grace and mercy, for peace, pardon, and acceptance, for fresh supplies of grace, and in order to enjoy communion with him; and who also is the way of salvation, and to eternal life and happiness: and, besides this grand and principal path, there are the paths of truth, righteousness, and holiness; the path of duty and obedience; the way of the commandments of God, and ordinances of Christ: and this path he walks in, whether of grace or duty, is "as the shining light"; or of the morning, when the day first dawns, or at least when the sun rises. Such is the light beamed in at first conversion, which directs men to walk in the above mentioned paths; it is a light after a night of darkness, as such is the state of unregeneracy; which, though at first is but glimmering, yet afterwards is clear and shining; especially when Christ the sun of righteousness appears, or is revealed, as the hope of glory. The first grace in conversion is a "true light that shines", Jo1 2:8, by which a soul sees its own vileness and filthiness, the insufficiency of its own righteousness; and the fulness, suitableness, and ability Christ as a Saviour, and has some discerning of Gospel truths; that shineth more and more unto the perfect day; or "going and shining" (z), or "enlightening": it shines clearer and clearer, so does true grace; it grows and increases more and more, every grace does, faith, hope, love, patience, humility, &c. the light of the knowledge of Christ the way, though it is imperfect, yet capable of being increased, and is increased by means of the ministry of the word and ordinances; which increase God has promised, saints pursue after, and attain unto. Light into the Gospel, and the doctrines of it, increases yet more and more; whereby a soul walks pleasantly, comfortably, and safely, in right path, "until the perfect day" of glory comes, a day without clouds; when there will be nothing to interpose between God and them; when there will be no more clouds of darkness, unbelief, doubts, and fears; when the sun will always be seen, no more withdrawn, eclipsed, or set; even Christ, the sun of righteousness, whose glory will always be beheld by the righteous to all eternity: when there will be no more night of affliction, desertion, and death; when the light of knowledge will be clear and perfect, and saints shall see face to face, and know as they are known; and when not only the light of the righteous shall be so clear, distinct, and perfect, but they themselves shall shine as the sun in the kingdom of God. The words may be rendered, "the prepared day" (a); appointed in the decrees of God, and firmly established by them: the invisible glories of the heavenly state, which make this everlasting day, are things which God has prepared for his people; the kingdom and glory itself, the inheritance of the saints in light, is prepared for them from the foundation of the world. And, since such is the path of the just, who would walk in the ways of the wicked? which are the reverse of this, as the following words show. (z) "vadens et illuminans", Montanus; "ambulans et lucens", Gejerus; "pergens et lucens", Michaelis; "procedens et lucens", Schultens. (a) "usque ad paratum diem", Pagninus, Montanus.
Tyndale Open Study Notes
4:18-19 Light stands for wisdom and righteousness, and darkness stands for foolishness and wickedness (see Eccl 2:12-14). Light brings actions into the open; darkness hides them. Righteous people have nothing to hide, while the wicked try to hide what they do and end up stumbling over obstacles in the dark (see Matt 4:16; 5:14-16; John 1:14; Rom 2:19).