Hebrew Word Reference — Micah 7:1
Alayi is a Hebrew word that means woe or alas, expressing sadness or regret. It is used to convey a sense of sorrow or distress. This word is used in the Bible to lament a situation.
Definition: woe! alas!
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: woe. See also: Job 10:15; Micah 7:1.
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
This Hebrew word refers to a gathering of fruits or crops, like a harvest. It is used in the Bible to describe collecting food.
Definition: gathering, collection, harvest
Usage: Occurs in 3 OT verses. KJV: gathering. See also: Isaiah 32:10; Isaiah 33:4; Micah 7:1.
The Hebrew word for summer refers to the harvest season or the fruit of that season, and is also used to describe the dry summer months, as seen in its Aramaic equivalent.
Definition: 1) summer, summer-fruit 1a) summer 1b) summer-fruit Aramaic equivalent: qa.yit (קַ֫יִט "summer" H7007)
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: summer (fruit, house). See also: Genesis 8:22; Isaiah 28:4; Psalms 32:4.
Gleaning, or picking leftover grapes, is what this word describes. In the Bible, it refers to the act of gathering what is left after a harvest. The KJV translates it as gleaning of the grapes.
Definition: gleaning
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: (gleaning) (of the) grapes, grapegleanings. See also: Judges 8:2; Jeremiah 49:9; Isaiah 17:6.
This word is used to describe the grape harvest or vintage, a time of gathering and celebration in ancient Israel.
Definition: vintage
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: vintage. See also: Leviticus 26:5; Isaiah 32:10; Isaiah 24:13.
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Definition: 1) nothing, not, nought n 1a) nothing, nought neg 1b) not 1c) to have not (of possession) adv 1d) without w/prep 1e) for lack of
Usage: Occurs in 686 OT verses. KJV: else, except, fail, (father-) less, be gone, in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any, thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable), well-nigh, without. Compare H370 (אַיִן). See also: Genesis 2:5; Deuteronomy 14:27; 1 Kings 15:22.
This word means a cluster of grapes or other fruit, like a bunch of flowers. It is used to describe a group of things that are clustered together, like grapes on a vine.
Definition: 1) cluster 1a) of grapes 1b) of flowers (metaphor of lover)
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: cluster (of grapes). See also: Genesis 40:10; Song of Solomon 1:14; Isaiah 65:8.
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Definition: 1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to eat (human subject) 1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds) 1a3) to devour, consume (of fire) 1a4) to devour, slay (of sword) 1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought) 1a6) to devour (of oppression) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be eaten (by men) 1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire) 1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh) 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to cause to eat, feed with 1c2) to cause to devour 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to feed 1d2) to cause to eat 1e) (Piel) 1e1) consume Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
Usage: Occurs in 703 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite. See also: Genesis 2:16; Leviticus 6:9; Numbers 24:8.
The Hebrew word for the early fig, a fruit that ripens before others, is used to describe something that comes first. In the Bible, it is mentioned as a symbol of firstfruits. This word is used in the context of the early harvest.
Definition: 1) first-ripe fig, early fig 2) (TWOT) firstfruits Also means: bak.ku.rah (בִּכּוּרָה "firstfruit" H1073)
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: firstripe (fruit). See also: Hosea 9:10; Micah 7:1.
To desire means to strongly wish for something, and can be used to describe physical or emotional longings. This word is used in the Bible to describe feelings of coveting or lusting after something.
Definition: 1) desire, incline, covet, wait longingly, wish, sigh, want, be greedy, prefer 1a) (Piel) to desire, crave (food and drink) 1b) (Hithpael) to desire, long for, lust after (of bodily appetites)
Usage: Occurs in 25 OT verses. KJV: covet, (greatly) desire, be desirous, long, lust (after). See also: Numbers 11:4; Psalms 132:13; Psalms 45:12.
The Hebrew word for soul or living being, used in the Bible to describe the essence of a person or animal. It encompasses the ideas of life, breath, and vitality, and is translated as 'soul' or 'creature' in the KJV. This word is central to biblical concepts of humanity and existence.
Definition: 1) soul, self, life, creature, person, appetite, mind, living being, desire, emotion, passion 1a) that which breathes, the breathing substance or being, soul, the inner being of man 1b) living being 1c) living being (with life in the blood) 1d) the man himself, self, person or individual 1e) seat of the appetites 1f) seat of emotions and passions 1g) activity of mind 1g1) uncertain 1h) activity of the will 1h1) uncertain 1i) activity of the character 1i1) uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 683 OT verses. KJV: any, appetite, beast, body, breath, creature, [idiom] dead(-ly), desire, [idiom] (dis-) contented, [idiom] fish, ghost, [phrase] greedy, he, heart(-y), (hath, [idiom] jeopardy of) life ([idiom] in jeopardy), lust, man, me, mind, mortally, one, own, person, pleasure, (her-, him-, my-, thy-) self, them (your) -selves, [phrase] slay, soul, [phrase] tablet, they, thing, ([idiom] she) will, [idiom] would have it. See also: Genesis 1:20; Leviticus 26:43; Judges 18:25.
Context — Israel’s Great Misery
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
Isaiah 28:4 |
The fading flower of his beautiful splendor, set on the summit above the fertile valley, will be like a ripe fig before the summer harvest: Whoever sees it will take it in his hand and swallow it. |
| 2 |
Isaiah 24:13 |
So will it be on the earth and among the nations, like a harvested olive tree, like a gleaning after a grape harvest. |
| 3 |
Hosea 9:10 |
I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the firstfruits of the fig tree in its first season. But they went to Baal-peor, and consecrated themselves to Shame; so they became as detestable as the thing they loved. |
| 4 |
Isaiah 17:6 |
Yet gleanings will remain, like an olive tree that has been beaten— two or three berries atop the tree, four or five on its fruitful branches,” declares the LORD, the God of Israel. |
| 5 |
Isaiah 6:5 |
Then I said: “Woe is me, for I am ruined, because I am a man of unclean lips dwelling among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of Hosts.” |
| 6 |
Psalms 120:5 |
Woe to me that I dwell in Meshech, that I live among the tents of Kedar! |
| 7 |
Jeremiah 45:3 |
You have said, ‘Woe is me because the LORD has added sorrow to my pain! I am worn out with groaning and have found no rest.’” |
| 8 |
Jeremiah 4:31 |
For I hear a cry like a woman in labor, a cry of anguish like one bearing her first child— the cry of the Daughter of Zion gasping for breath, stretching out her hands to say, “Woe is me, for my soul faints before the murderers!” |
| 9 |
Jeremiah 15:10 |
Woe to me, my mother, that you have borne me, a man of strife and conflict in all the land. I have neither lent nor borrowed, yet everyone curses me. |
| 10 |
Isaiah 24:16 |
From the ends of the earth we hear singing: “Glory to the Righteous One.” But I said, “I am wasting away! I am wasting away! Woe is me.” The treacherous betray; the treacherous deal in treachery. |
Micah 7:1 Summary
[Micah is expressing his deep sadness and disappointment because he can't find any good, ripe fruit in the spiritual vineyard of his people, much like when we search for something meaningful but come up empty (Isaiah 5:1-7). He's using a picture from everyday life to describe how he feels when he looks around at the people of God and sees their spiritual emptiness and lack of faithfulness (Hosea 4:1-3). Just like we might long for a juicy, sweet piece of fruit, Micah is craving to see his people living in a way that honors God, but instead, he finds only emptiness and decay (Joel 2:12-13).]
Frequently Asked Questions
What does the prophet Micah mean by 'gathering summer fruit at the gleaning of the vineyard'?
Micah is using an agricultural metaphor to describe his search for something good and desirable, but finding nothing, much like the Israelites' disobedience and lack of faithfulness to God as described in Isaiah 5:1-7.
Why does Micah express such sadness and dismay in this verse?
Micah is lamenting the spiritual barrenness and decay of his people, much like the prophet Hosea's cries of despair in Hosea 4:1-3, and this sorrow is rooted in his deep love for God and his people.
Is Micah's cry of 'Woe is me' a sign of personal despair or a call to repentance?
While Micah's words do express personal sorrow, they also serve as a call to his people to recognize their spiritual poverty and return to God, as seen in the prophets' consistent calls to repentance throughout the Old Testament, such as in Joel 2:12-13.
How does this verse relate to the broader theme of Micah's prophecy?
This verse fits into the larger context of Micah's message, which emphasizes God's judgment on his people's sin and his desire to restore and redeem them, as seen in Micah 7:18-20 and other passages like Jeremiah 31:31-34.
Reflection Questions
- What are some areas in my life where I am searching for spiritual nourishment, but finding none?
- How can I, like Micah, cultivate a deeper sense of sorrow and compassion for those around me who are far from God?
- What are some ways I can practically 'glean' or gather the spiritual fruit that God has provided for me, such as through prayer, Scripture reading, and fellowship with other believers?
- In what ways can I join Micah's cry of 'Woe is me' with a call to repentance and a desire to see God's people restored and revived?
Gill's Exposition on Micah 7:1
Woe is me!.... Alas for me unhappy man that I am, to live in such an age, and among such a people, as I do!
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Micah 7:1
Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: there is no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Micah 7:1
MICAH CHAPTER 7 The church, complaining of the scarcity of good men, ,2, and the general corruption, ,4, putteth not confidence in man, but in God, . She triumpheth in hopes of restoration after affliction, . She prayeth to God, . God answereth her with promises of confounding her enemies, . God’ s mercies to his people, . All are agreed in the scope and meaning of these words, that they are designed a complaint for the great scarcity of men that feared God, did justice, and loved mercy; and so the prophet begins with a pathetical complaint, Woe is me! ordinarily this phrase is minatory, but here it is lamentation, as every eye may see who discerns the propriety of the Hebrew. For I; either the prophet in his own person, or else in the person of the good man; or, by a usual figure, the land may be brought in, complaining, that whereas it was once well stored, now it hath few right good in it. Am as when they have gathered the summer fruits; all the fair, goodly, and ripe fruit gathered, none left, or none but evil fruit, such as the labourers thought not worth gathering up. So is the harvest of Israel and Judah too; though I and other prophets have sown good seed abundantly, yet goodness comes up very thin and scarce: so ,16. As the grape-gleanings of the vintage, the same complaint in a like elegant metaphor, drawn from the vintage-gatherer, who leaves but few scattering single grapes.
So Israel and Judah, which in bringing forth good men should have been as a fruitful vine full of clusters, but barren they have been, and are; and good men, i.e. just, compassionate, and humble men, are as grapes after the vintage is gathered. There is no cluster to eat; such good men’ s converse would as much delight, refresh, and encourage me, as a fair cluster of grapes doth a thirsty and hungry person, but there is not one such cluster. My soul desired; it speaks a vehement desire. The first-ripe fruit; it is an ellipsis or aposiopesis, and to be supplied thus, but there was, or I found, none.
Trapp's Commentary on Micah 7:1
Micah 7:1 Woe is me! for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits, as the grapegleanings of the vintage: [there is] no cluster to eat: my soul desired the firstripe fruit.Ver. 1. Woe is me, for I am as when they have gathered the summer fruits] Allai li, Alas for me. This last sermon of his the prophet begins with a pathetic queritation, bewailing his own unhappiness in the little good success of his ministry. Mirifice autem nostris temporibus hic sermo convenit, saith Gualther. This discourse suits well with these times; wherein we may justly cry out with the prophet Isaiah, "Who hath believed our report?" And again, "O my leanness, my leanness! woe is me, for there is only as the shaking of an olive tree, and as the gleaning grapes when the vintage is done," Isaiah 24:13; Isaiah 24:16. Hei mihi quam pingui macer est mihi taurus in arvo. Though he had worn himself to a very skeleton in the Lord’ s work; yet had he laboured in vain, Israel was not gathered, Isaiah 49:4-5, and hence his woeful complaint. The like we read of Elias, 1 Kings 19:10, where he bitterly bewails his aloneness; so did Athanasius in his age; and Basil in his Fasciculus temporum, A. D. 884, cries out, for the paucity of good people, Heu, heu, Domine Deus, Alas, Lord, how few appear to be on thy side. “ Apparent rari nantes in gurgite vasto. ” And Gualther complains, that the Anabaptists in Germany urged this as a chief argument to draw people from communion with our Churches, that there was so little good done by preaching, and so few souls converted. Hence some ministers despond, and are ready to kick up all.
Latimer tells of one who gave this answer why he left off preaching, because he saw he did no good. This, saith Latimer, is a naughty, a very naughty answer. A grief it will be, and fit it should be; piety to God and pity to men calls for it. Christ wept over Jerusalem; Paul had great heaviness and continual sorrow in his heart (not inferior to that of a woman in travail ’Oδυνη, Romans 9:2) for his contumacious countrymen; neither could he speak of those lewd lowlies at Philippi with dry eyes, Philippians 3:18. But an utter discouragement it should not be, since our reward is with God however, Isaiah 49:5, and perhaps a larger, because we have wrought with so little encouragement: we have ploughed when others have only trod out the grain: they trod and fed together, when as those that plough have no refreshing till the work be done, Hosea 10:13.
Ellicott's Commentary on Micah 7:1
VII. (1) Woe is me!—Micah gives here a fearful picture of the demoralised state of society in Judah which had called down the vengeance of God. As the early fig gathered in June is eagerly sought for by the traveller, so the prophet sought anxiously for a good man; but his experience was that of the Psalmist: “The godly man ceaseth; the faithful fail from among the children of men.”
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Micah 7:1
CHAPTER VII The prophet begins this chapter with lamenting the decay of piety and the growth of ungodliness, using a beautiful allegory to imply (as explained in Micah 7:2) that the good man is as seldom to be met with as the early fig of best quality in the advanced season, or the cluster after the vintage, 1, 2. He then reproves and threatens in terms so expressive of great calamities as to be applied in the New Testament to times of the hottest persecution, 3-6. See Matthew 10:35-36. Notwithstanding which a Jew is immediately introduced declaring, in the name of his captive people, the strongest faith in the mercy of God the most submissive resignation to his will, and the firmest hope in his favour in future times, when they should triumph over their enemies, 7-10. The prophet upon this resumes the discourse, and predicts their great prosperity and increase, 11, 12; although the whole land of Israel must first be desolated on account of the great wickedness of its inhabitants, 13. The prophet intercedes in behalf of his people, 14. After which God is introduced promising, in very ample terms, their future restoration and prosperity, 15-17. And then, to conclude, a chorus of Jews is introduced, singing a beautiful hymn of thanksgiving, suggested by the gracious promises which precede, 18-20. NOTES ON CHAP. VII Verse 1.
Wo is me!] This is a continuation of the preceding discourse. And here the prophet points out the small number of the upright to be found in the land. He himself seemed to be the only person who was on God's side; and he considers himself as a solitary grape, which had escaped the general gathering. The word קץ kayits, which is sometimes used for summer, and summer fruits in general, is here translated late figs; and may here, says Bishop Newcome, be opposed to the early ripe fig of superior quality. See on Hosea 9:10, and Amos 8:1-2. He desired to see the first-ripe fruit - distinguished and eminent piety; but he found nothing but a very imperfect or spurious kind of godliness.
Cambridge Bible on Micah 7:1
Micah 7:1-6. These verses should be read in connexion with Chap. 6.
Barnes' Notes on Micah 7:1
Woe - o is me! for I am, as when they have gathered the summer fruits , as the grape-gleanings of the vintage “The vineyard of the Lord of hosts,” Isaiah said at the same time, “is the house of
Whedon's Commentary on Micah 7:1
OF THE NATION’S , Micah 7:1-6.Scholars are not agreed on the person of the speaker in these verses; some think of the prophet, some of Zion, some of the “true Israel,” that is, Israel after the spirit.
Sermons on Micah 7:1
| Sermon | Description |
|
Where Do We Go to Eat?
by David Wilkerson
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David Wilkerson delivers a poignant message from Micah 7, addressing the spiritual famine affecting both ancient Israel and the modern church. He highlights the desperate cry of be |
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The Falling Rain and the Budding Earth
by J.C. Philpot
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J.C. Philpot preaches on the powerful analogy between the rain and snow from heaven and the word of God, emphasizing that just as the rain and snow water the earth and make it brin |
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Hosea #7 Ch. 11-12 Hosea
by Chuck Missler
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In this sermon, the speaker focuses on the book of Hosea and its message about God's love and Israel's disloyalty. The speaker highlights how God drew Israel with cords of love and |
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Confiding Trust and Patient Submission
by J.C. Philpot
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J.C. Philpot preaches about the journey of a believer through afflictions, temptations, and darkness, highlighting the need for patient submission to God's righteous dealings. The |
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How to Experience Personal Revival
by Andrew Strom
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In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of experiencing revival in one's life. He explains that revival is a state of continuous, close communion with God. The founda |
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And They Crucified Him
by Art Katz
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This sermon emphasizes the need for Christians to embrace the suffering and humility exemplified by the early church in the book of Acts. It challenges believers to confront the av |
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Revival
by Leonard Ravenhill
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In this sermon, the preacher focuses on Isaiah chapter 6 and highlights three key words: woe, love, and go. The first word, woe, represents confession and recognizing our own sinfu |