Hebrew Word Reference — Isaiah 28:27
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
In the Bible, this Hebrew word for gold also means something sharp or dug, like a trench. It appears in poetic passages, describing valuable or precious things. In some cases, it refers to determination or eagerness.
Definition: adj sharp-pointed, sharp, diligent
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: decision, diligent, (fine) gold, pointed things, sharp, threshing instrument, wall. See also: Job 41:22; Proverbs 13:4; Psalms 68:14.
To tread or trample means to walk on something heavily, like threshing grain, and can also mean to overpower or dominate someone. This word is used in Jeremiah 50:11.
Definition: 1) to tread out, thresh 1a) (Qal) to tread on, trample on, thresh 1b) (Niphal) to be trampled down 1c) (Hophal) to be threshed
Usage: Occurs in 13 OT verses. KJV: break, tear, thresh, tread out (down), at grass (Jeremiah 50:11, by mistake for H1877 (דֶּשֶׁא)). See also: Deuteronomy 25:4; Isaiah 28:27; Isaiah 25:10.
Qetsach refers to a type of herb, specifically dill or fennelflower, known for its strong flavor and aroma. In the KJV, it is translated as 'fitches', a type of plant used as a condiment.
Definition: 1) black cummin 1a) a plant with small black acrid seeds used as a condiment
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: fitches. See also: Isaiah 28:25; Isaiah 28:27.
Refers to a wheel, like a chariot wheel or the wheels in Ezekiel's vision. It is also used to describe the wheels on the bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple, as mentioned in the Bible.
Definition: 1) wheel 1a) chariot wheel 1b) wheel in Ezekiel's vision 1c) wheels of the ten bases beneath the lavers in Solomon's temple
Usage: Occurs in 21 OT verses. KJV: wheel. See also: Exodus 14:25; Ezekiel 1:21; Proverbs 20:26.
This Hebrew word refers to a wheeled vehicle, such as a cart or wagon. It appears in the Bible, describing transportation and trade. The word is often translated as 'cart', 'chariot', or 'wagon'.
Definition: cart, wagon
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: cart, chariot, wagon See also: Genesis 45:19; 1 Samuel 6:10; Psalms 46:10.
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Definition: prep 1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against 1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards 1b) above, beyond, over (of excess) 1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence) 1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition) 1e) over (of suspension or extension) 1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity) 1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion) 1h) to (as a dative)
Usage: Occurs in 4493 OT verses. KJV: above, according to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, [idiom] as, at, because of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, [idiom] both and, by (reason of), [idiom] had the charge of, concerning for, in (that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-) on, over, than, through(-out), to, touching, [idiom] with. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 24:13; Genesis 41:33.
Cummin is a seed used as a condiment, mentioned in the Bible as something Jesus taught about in the book of Matthew and Mark. It was a common spice in ancient times.
Definition: 1) cummin, cumin 1a) a seed used as a condiment
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: cummin. See also: Isaiah 28:25; Isaiah 28:27.
To turn or surround is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can be used literally or figuratively. It appears in the Bible to describe changing direction or surrounding something.
Definition: : turn/bring_around 1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change 1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round 1b2) to be turned over to 1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform 1d) (Poel) 1d1) to encompass, surround 1d2) to come about, assemble round 1d3) to march, go about 1d4) to enclose, envelop 1e) (Hiphil) 1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round 1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass 1f) (Hophal) 1f1) to be turned 1f2) to be surrounded
Usage: Occurs in 148 OT verses. KJV: bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, [idiom] whirl, [idiom] round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset (about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to come about, [idiom] circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round), drive, environ, [idiom] on every side, beset (close, come, compass, go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back). See also: Genesis 2:11; 1 Chronicles 16:43; Psalms 7:8.
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
In the Bible, this word can mean a tribe, like the 12 tribes of Israel, or a staff, like the one Moses used to lead his people in Exodus 4:2.
Definition: : tribe 1) staff, branch, tribe 1a) staff, rod, shaft 1b) branch (of vine) 1c) tribe 1c1) company led by chief with staff (originally)
Usage: Occurs in 205 OT verses. KJV: rod, staff, tribe. See also: Genesis 38:18; Numbers 34:19; Psalms 105:16.
This Hebrew word means to beat or knock something out, like threshing grain. It is used in the Old Testament to describe physical labor or battle. In the KJV, it is translated as 'beat' or 'thresh'.
Definition: 1) to beat, beat out, beat off, thresh 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to beat out 1a2) to beat off 1b) (Niphal) to be beaten out
Usage: Occurs in 5 OT verses. KJV: beat (off, out), thresh. See also: Deuteronomy 24:20; Ruth 2:17; Isaiah 27:12.
Qetsach refers to a type of herb, specifically dill or fennelflower, known for its strong flavor and aroma. In the KJV, it is translated as 'fitches', a type of plant used as a condiment.
Definition: 1) black cummin 1a) a plant with small black acrid seeds used as a condiment
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: fitches. See also: Isaiah 28:25; Isaiah 28:27.
Cummin is a seed used as a condiment, mentioned in the Bible as something Jesus taught about in the book of Matthew and Mark. It was a common spice in ancient times.
Definition: 1) cummin, cumin 1a) a seed used as a condiment
Usage: Occurs in 2 OT verses. KJV: cummin. See also: Isaiah 28:25; Isaiah 28:27.
This word means a stick or staff, but also a clan or tribe, and can refer to a symbol of authority or a tool for punishing. It is used in the Bible to describe the rods used by shepherds or the scepters of kings.
Definition: : tribe 1) rod, staff, branch, offshoot, club, sceptre, tribe 1a) rod, staff 1b) shaft (of spear, dart) 1c) club (of shepherd's implement) 1d) truncheon, sceptre (mark of authority) 1e) clan, tribe
Usage: Occurs in 178 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] correction, dart, rod, sceptre, staff, tribe. See also: Genesis 49:10; 2 Samuel 24:2; Psalms 2:9.
Context — Listen and Hear
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) |
| 1 |
Isaiah 41:15 |
Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff. |
| 2 |
Isaiah 27:7–8 |
Has the LORD struck Israel as He struck her oppressors? Was she killed like those who slayed her? By warfare and exile You contended with her and removed her with a fierce wind, as on the day the east wind blows. |
| 3 |
Jeremiah 46:28 |
And you, My servant Jacob, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, for I am with you. Though I will completely destroy all the nations to which I have banished you, I will not completely destroy you. Yet I will discipline you justly, and will by no means leave you unpunished.” |
| 4 |
Jeremiah 10:24 |
Correct me, O LORD, but only with justice— not in Your anger, or You will bring me to nothing. |
| 5 |
2 Kings 13:7 |
Jehoahaz had no army left, except fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand foot soldiers, because the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like the dust at threshing. |
| 6 |
Amos 1:3 |
This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Damascus, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they threshed Gilead with sledges of iron. |
Isaiah 28:27 Summary
Isaiah 28:27 teaches us that different situations require different approaches, just like a farmer uses different tools for different crops. We need to be gentle and careful in some areas of our lives, while being more forceful in others, as seen in the comparison between the sledge and the stick, or the cart and the rod. This verse reminds us to trust in God's wisdom and counsel, as stated in Isaiah 28:29, and to approach each situation with the right mindset and methods, just as a farmer approaches each crop with the right tools, as seen in Isaiah 28:25-26. By doing so, we can find rest and guidance, as promised in Matthew 11:28-30 and supported by Proverbs 3:5-6.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of the different methods of threshing caraway and cumin in Isaiah 28:27?
The different methods of threshing caraway and cumin illustrate the importance of using the right approach for each situation, just as a farmer uses the right tools for each crop, as seen in Isaiah 28:25, and as God instructs and teaches us properly, as stated in Isaiah 28:26.
How does this verse relate to our spiritual lives?
This verse reminds us that God is a God of wisdom and counsel, as stated in Isaiah 28:29, and that He desires us to approach each situation with the right mindset and methods, just as a farmer approaches each crop with the right tools, and as we are taught in Proverbs 3:5-6 to trust in God's wisdom.
What can we learn from the comparison between the sledge and the stick, or the cart and the rod?
The comparison highlights the importance of balance and gentleness in our approach, just as a farmer balances the need to harvest with the need to preserve the crop, and as we are taught in Matthew 11:28-30 to come to Jesus and find rest for our souls.
How does this verse fit into the broader context of Isaiah 28?
This verse is part of a larger passage that emphasizes God's wisdom and counsel, as well as the importance of trusting in Him, as seen in Isaiah 28:29, and the need to approach each situation with the right mindset and methods, as taught in Isaiah 28:25-26 and supported by Deuteronomy 32:4.
Reflection Questions
- What are some areas in my life where I need to use a 'stick' instead of a 'sledge' in my approach, and how can I apply the wisdom of Isaiah 28:27 to those situations?
- How can I trust in God's wisdom and counsel, as stated in Isaiah 28:29, and apply it to my daily life, just as a farmer trusts in God's provision for his crops?
- What are some 'crops' in my life that need to be 'beaten out with a stick' or 'threshed with a rod', and how can I approach those situations with the right mindset and methods, as taught in Isaiah 28:27?
- How can I balance the need for action and progress with the need for gentleness and care, as illustrated in Isaiah 28:27, and as taught in Psalm 23:1-4?
Gill's Exposition on Isaiah 28:27
For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument,.... A wooden sledge, dray, or cart, drawn on wheels; the bottom of which was stuck with iron teeth, and the top filled with stones, to
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Isaiah 28:27
For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod.
Matthew Poole's Commentary on Isaiah 28:27
A threshing instrument; which then and there was made like a sled shod with iron, which was drawn by men or beasts over the sheafs of corn, to bruise them, and beat the grain out of them. A cart wheel; a lesser and lower wheel than a cart wheel, but of the same form, upon which possibly the threshing instrument was drawn. The fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod, as being unable to bear harder usage.
Trapp's Commentary on Isaiah 28:27
Isaiah 28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod.Ver. 27. For the fitches are not threshed out, &c.] So are God’ s visitations diversely dispensed. He proportioneth the burden to the back, and the stroke to the strength of him that beareth it, sparing his afflicted as a man spareth his son that serveth him. Thus "Epaphroditus was sick nigh unto death," but not unto death; and why? See Philippians 2:27. Some of the sweet smelling Smyrnians were in prison "ten days," and no more.
Ellicott's Commentary on Isaiah 28:27
(27) For the fitches are not threshed . . .—Better, fennel seed, as before. The eye of the prophet passes from the beginning to the end of the husbandman’s work. He finds there also the varying methods of a like discrimination. A man would be thought mad who threshed his fennel seed and cummin with the same instrument that he uses for his barley and his wheat. It is enough to beat or tap them with the “rod,” or “staff,” which was, in fact, used in each case. Interpreting this parable, we may see in the fennel and the cummin the little ones of the earth, with whom God deals more gently than with the strong. “Tribulation,” as the etymology of the word (tribulum, a threshing instrument) tells us, is a threshing process. The lesson of the parable is that it comes to nations and individuals in season and in measure. The main idea is familiar enough in the language of the prophets (Micah 4:13; Habakkuk 3:12). The novelty of Isaiah’s treatment of it consists in his bringing in the minute details, and drawing this lesson from them.
Adam Clarke's Commentary on Isaiah 28:27
Verse 27. - 28. Four methods of threshing are here mentioned, by different instruments; the flail, the drag, the wain, and the treading of the cattle. The staff or flail was used for the infirmiora semina, says Jerome, the grain that was too tender to be treated in the other methods. The drag consisted of a sort of strong planks, made rough at the bottom, with hard stones or iron; it was drawn by horses or oxen over the corn sheaves spread on the floor, the driver sitting upon it. Kempfer has given a print representing the manner of using this instrument, Amaen. Exot. p. 682, fig. 3. The wain was much like the former; but had wheels with iron teeth, or edges like a saw: Ferrata carpenta rotis per medium in serrarum modum se volventibus. Hieron. in loc. From this it would seem that the axle was armed with iron teeth or serrated wheels throughout. See a description and print of such a machine used at present in Egypt for the same purpose in Niebuhr's Voyage en Arabie, Tab. xvii. p. 123; it moves upon three rollers armed with iron teeth or wheels to cut the straw.
In Syria they make use of the drag, constructed in the very same manner as above described; Niebuhr, Description de l'Arabie, p. 140. This not only forced out the grain, but cut the straw in pieces for fodder for the cattle; for in the eastern countries they have no hay. See Harmer's Observ. I. p. 425. The last method is well known from the law of Moses, which "forbids the ox to be muzzled, when he treadeth out the corn;" Deuteronomy 25:4.
Cambridge Bible on Isaiah 28:27
23–29. A parable derived from husbandry. The motive of its insertion in this place was probably the different treatment meted out to Samaria and to Jerusalem. The precise point of the analogy is somewhat uncertain; but perhaps we may interpret the thought as follows. There are two parts. The first (Isaiah 28:24-26) appears to justify Jehovah’s procedure by the end He has in view. As the farmer does not go on ploughing for ever out of a mere blind passion for ploughing, but ploughs in order to sow; so Jehovah’s work of judgment is to issue in the preparation of a seed-plot, and in due time ploughing will give place (in the case of Judah) to sowing. The second (Isaiah 28:27-29) draws the lesson that the operation of threshing varies with the material to be operated on. The delicate fennel, e.g. would be destroyed by the rough implements used on coarser grain; and in Judah there is (what there was not in Samaria) the tender growth of the “holy seed,” the nucleus of the true Israel, for whose sake judgment must be tempered with mercy.
Barnes' Notes on Isaiah 28:27
For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument - The word used here (חרוּץ chârûts) denotes properly that which is pointed or sharp, and is joined with מורג môrag in Isaiah 41:15 -
Whedon's Commentary on Isaiah 28:27
27, 28. So in the harvest. The harvester treats the different crops raised in the same common-sense way. He carefully beats with a stick, or rod, the smaller, finer seeds; over these he does not foolishly send the threshing wain.
Sermons on Isaiah 28:27
| Sermon | Description |
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Service and Servanthood of the Lord - Part 7 of 8
by T. Austin-Sparks
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In this sermon, the speaker discusses the significance of the sharp threshing instrument in the ministry of Jesus. The instrument represents the dividing line between the false and |
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Psalm 114
by Henry Law
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Henry Law preaches on the greatness and glory of God as shown in His dealings with Israel, highlighting their deliverance from Egypt and consecration as a peculiar people, drawing |
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A Bar of Steel
by Charles E. Cowman
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Charles E. Cowman preaches on the transformative process of God's refining work in our lives, using the analogy of a bar of steel being shaped into valuable tools through intense d |
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The Effects of Seeing the Glory of God
by David Wilkerson
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In this sermon, the preacher discusses the purpose of God showing his glory to Moses. The revelation of God's glory was not for aesthetic purposes or personal bragging rights, but |
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The Lord's Measured Correction
by Octavius Winslow
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Octavius Winslow emphasizes the necessity of divine correction in our spiritual journey, illustrating that trials and afflictions are essential for our sanctification and moral fit |
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Through the Bible - Amos, Obadiah
by Zac Poonen
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In this sermon, the preacher addresses the evil and luxurious lifestyle of the people in Judah and Israel. He criticizes their complacency and lack of concern for the state of the |