Deuteronomy 28:62
Deuteronomy 28:62 in Multiple Translations
You who were as numerous as the stars in the sky will be left few in number, because you would not obey the voice of the LORD your God.
And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God.
And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou didst not hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God.
And you will become a very small band, though your numbers were like the stars of heaven; because you did not give ear to the voice of the Lord your God.
You who grew as numerous as the stars in the sky will end up as only a few, because you would not obey what Lord your God told you.
And ye shall be left few in nomber, where ye were as the starres of heauen in multitude, because thou wouldest not obey the voyce of the Lord thy God.
and ye have been left with few men, instead of which ye have been as stars of the heavens for multitude, because thou hast not hearkened to the voice of Jehovah thy God.
You will be left few in number, even though you were as the stars of the sky for multitude, because you didn’t listen to the LORD your God’s voice.
And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldst not obey the voice of the LORD thy God.
And you shall remain few in number, who before were as the stars of heaven for multitude, because thou heardst not the voice of the Lord thy God.
You became as numerous as the stars in the sky, but only a few of you will remain alive, if you do not obey Yahweh your God.
Berean Amplified Bible — Deuteronomy 28:62
BAB
Word Study
Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.
Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.
Deuteronomy 28:62 Interlinear (Deep Study)
BIB
HEB
וְ/נִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙
בִּ/מְתֵ֣י
מְעָ֔ט
תַּ֚חַת
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
הֱיִיתֶ֔ם
כְּ/כוֹכְבֵ֥י
הַ/שָּׁמַ֖יִם
לָ/רֹ֑ב
כִּי
לֹ֣א
שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ
בְּ/ק֖וֹל
יְהוָ֥ה
אֱלֹהֶֽי/ךָ
וְ/נִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙
shâʼar
H7604
to remain
Conj | V-Niphal-2mp
בִּ/מְתֵ֣י
math
H4962
man
Prep | N-mp
מְעָ֔ט
mᵉʻaṭ
H4592
little
N-ms
תַּ֚חַת
tachath
H8478
underneath
Prep
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
ʼăsher
H834
which
Rel
הֱיִיתֶ֔ם
hâyâh
H1961
to be
V-Qal-Perf-2mp
כְּ/כוֹכְבֵ֥י
kôwkâb
H3556
star
Prep | N-mp
הַ/שָּׁמַ֖יִם
shâmayim
H8064
heaven
Art | N-mp
לָ/רֹ֑ב
rôb
H7230
abundance
Prep | N-cs
כִּי
kîy
H3588
for
Conj
לֹ֣א
lôʼ
H3808
not
Part
שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ
shâmaʻ
H8085
to hear
V-Qal-Perf-2ms
בְּ/ק֖וֹל
qôwl
H6963
voice
Prep | N-ms
יְהוָ֥ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
The Lord
N-proper
אֱלֹהֶֽי/ךָ
ʼĕlôhîym
H430
God
N-mp | Suff
Hebrew Word Study
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Hebrew Word Reference — Deuteronomy 28:62
וְ/נִשְׁאַרְתֶּם֙
shâʼar
H7604
"to remain"
Conj | V-Niphal-2mp
To remain or be left over, as in Joshua 10:20. It can also mean to spare or reserve something, like God sparing Noah in Genesis 7:23. This word is used to describe the remnant of Israel.
Definition: 1) to remain, be left over, be left behind 1a) (Qal) to remain 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be left over, be left alive, survive 1b1a) remainder, remnant (participle) 1b2) to be left behind 1c) (Hiphil) 1c1) to leave over, spare 1c2) to leave or keep over 1c3) to have left 1c4) to leave (as a gift)
Usage: Occurs in 123 OT verses. KJV: leave, (be) left, let, remain, remnant, reserve, the rest. See also: Genesis 7:23; 1 Kings 22:47; Isaiah 4:3.
בִּ/מְתֵ֣י
math
H4962
"man"
Prep | N-mp
This Hebrew word refers to a grown man, as seen in Genesis 14:24 and Numbers 31:28. It can also mean a few men or a small group of people, depending on the context. The word is used to describe adult males in various biblical stories.
Definition: 1) male, man 1a) males, men 1b) few men (in prose) 1b1) less emphasis on sex 1c) men (poetic) 1c1) less emphasis on sex
Usage: Occurs in 21 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] few, [idiom] friends, men, persons, [idiom] small. See also: Genesis 34:30; Job 19:19; Psalms 17:14.
מְעָ֔ט
mᵉʻaṭ
H4592
"little"
N-ms
This Hebrew word means something is small or little in amount, like a few people or a short time. It appears in various Bible translations as almost, few, or small. In the Bible, it often describes something that is limited or lacking.
Definition: 1) littleness, few, a little, fewness 1a) little, small, littleness, fewness, too little, yet a little 1b) like a little, within a little, almost, just, hardly, shortly, little worth
Usage: Occurs in 92 OT verses. KJV: almost (some, very) few(-er, -est), lightly, little (while), (very) small (matter, thing), some, soon, [idiom] very. See also: Genesis 18:4; Job 15:11; Psalms 2:12.
תַּ֚חַת
tachath
H8478
"underneath"
Prep
This Hebrew word means underneath or below, often used to describe physical locations or positions. It appears in various books, including Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to indicate something is under or beneath something else. The word has several related meanings.
Definition: : under/below 1) the under part, beneath, instead of, as, for, for the sake of, flat, unto, where, whereas n m 1a) the under part adv accus 1b) beneath prep 1c) under, beneath 1c1) at the foot of (idiom) 1c2) sweetness, subjection, woman, being burdened or oppressed (fig) 1c3) of subjection or conquest 1d) what is under one, the place in which one stands 1d1) in one's place, the place in which one stands (idiom with reflexive pronoun) 1d2) in place of, instead of (in transferred sense) 1d3) in place of, in exchange or return for (of things mutually interchanged) conj 1e) instead of, instead of that 1f) in return for that, because that in compounds 1g) in, under, into the place of (after verbs of motion) 1h) from under, from beneath, from under the hand of, from his place, under, beneath
Usage: Occurs in 450 OT verses. KJV: as, beneath, [idiom] flat, in(-stead), (same) place (where...is), room, for...sake, stead of, under, [idiom] unto, [idiom] when...was mine, whereas, (where-) fore, with. See also: Genesis 1:7; Deuteronomy 7:24; 1 Kings 20:42.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
ʼăsher
H834
"which"
Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
הֱיִיתֶ֔ם
hâyâh
H1961
"to be"
V-Qal-Perf-2mp
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
כְּ/כוֹכְבֵ֥י
kôwkâb
H3556
"star"
Prep | N-mp
A star is a round or shining celestial body, and can also symbolize a prince or leader. It is used figuratively in the Bible to describe the Messiah or God's omniscience.
Definition: 1) star 1a) of Messiah, brothers, youth, numerous progeny, personification, God's omniscience (fig.)
Usage: Occurs in 37 OT verses. KJV: star(-gazer). See also: Genesis 1:16; Job 25:5; Psalms 8:4.
הַ/שָּׁמַ֖יִם
shâmayim
H8064
"heaven"
Art | N-mp
The Hebrew word for heaven or sky, it refers to the visible universe and the abode of God. It is often used in the Bible to describe the dwelling place of celestial bodies.
Definition: 1) heaven, heavens, sky 1a) visible heavens, sky 1a1) as abode of the stars 1a2) as the visible universe, the sky, atmosphere, etc 1b) Heaven (as the abode of God) Aramaic equivalent: sha.ma.yin (שָׁמַ֫יִן "heaven" H8065)
Usage: Occurs in 395 OT verses. KJV: air, [idiom] astrologer, heaven(-s). See also: Genesis 1:1; 1 Samuel 2:10; Job 28:21.
לָ/רֹ֑ב
rôb
H7230
"abundance"
Prep | N-cs
Describes abundance or greatness in the Bible, used to talk about God's power and creation in Psalms and Isaiah.
Definition: 1) multitude, abundance, greatness 1a) multitude 1a1) abundance, abundantly 1a2) numerous 1b) greatness
Usage: Occurs in 145 OT verses. KJV: abundance(-antly), all, [idiom] common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number), huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much, multitude, plenty(-ifully), [idiom] very (age). See also: Genesis 16:10; Job 32:7; Psalms 5:8.
כִּי
kîy
H3588
"for"
Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
לֹ֣א
lôʼ
H3808
"not"
Part
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Definition: 1) not, no 1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition) 1b) not (with modifier-negation) 1c) nothing (subst) 1d) without (with particle) 1e) before (of time) Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)
Usage: Occurs in 3967 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] before, [phrase] or else, ere, [phrase] except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never, no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), ([idiom] as though...,(can-), for) not (out of), of nought, otherwise, out of, [phrase] surely, [phrase] as truly as, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] verily, for want, [phrase] whether, without. See also: Genesis 2:5; Genesis 31:15; Exodus 4:9.
שָׁמַ֔עְתָּ
shâmaʻ
H8085
"to hear"
V-Qal-Perf-2ms
To hear and listen is what this Hebrew word means, often implying attention and obedience. In Exodus and Deuteronomy, it is used when God speaks to the people, and they must listen and obey.
Definition: : hear v 1) to hear, listen to, obey 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to hear (perceive by ear) 1a2) to hear of or concerning 1a3) to hear (have power to hear) 1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to 1a5) to understand (language) 1a6) to hear (of judicial cases) 1a7) to listen, give heed 1a7a) to consent, agree 1a7b) to grant request 1a8) to listen to, yield to 1a9) to obey, be obedient 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound) 1b2) to be heard of 1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed 1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound 1d2) to sound aloud (musical term) 1d3) to make proclamation, summon 1d4) to cause to be heard n m 2) sound
Usage: Occurs in 1072 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] attentively, call (gather) together, [idiom] carefully, [idiom] certainly, consent, consider, be content, declare, [idiom] diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make to) hear(-ken, tell), [idiom] indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be) obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish, regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, [idiom] surely, tell, understand, whosoever (heareth), witness. See also: Genesis 3:8; Exodus 32:18; Deuteronomy 27:9.
בְּ/ק֖וֹל
qôwl
H6963
"voice"
Prep | N-ms
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Definition: : sound/noise 1) voice, sound, noise 1a) voice 1b) sound (of instrument)
Usage: Occurs in 436 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] aloud, bleating, crackling, cry ([phrase] out), fame, lightness, lowing, noise, [phrase] hold peace, (pro-) claim, proclamation, [phrase] sing, sound, [phrase] spark, thunder(-ing), voice, [phrase] yell. See also: Genesis 3:8; Judges 5:11; Job 4:10.
יְהוָ֥ה
Yᵉhôvâh
H3068
"The Lord"
N-proper
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Definition: Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
Usage: Occurs in 5522 OT verses. KJV: Jehovah, the Lord. Compare H3050 (יָהּ), H3069 (יְהֹוִה). See also: Genesis 2:4; Genesis 24:42; Exodus 8:8.
אֱלֹהֶֽי/ךָ
ʼĕlôhîym
H430
"God"
N-mp | Suff
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Definition: This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God" Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
Usage: Occurs in 2246 OT verses. KJV: angels, [idiom] exceeding, God (gods) (-dess, -ly), [idiom] (very) great, judges, [idiom] mighty. See also: Genesis 1:1; Genesis 22:12; Exodus 3:11.
Study Notes — Deuteronomy 28:62
Show Verse Quote Highlights
Context — The Curses of Disobedience
60He will afflict you again with all the diseases you dreaded in Egypt, and they will cling to you.
61The LORD will also bring upon you every sickness and plague not recorded in this Book of the Law, until you are destroyed.
62You who were as numerous as the stars in the sky will be left few in number, because you would not obey the voice of the LORD your God.
63Just as it pleased the LORD to make you prosper and multiply, so also it will please Him to annihilate you and destroy you. And you will be uprooted from the land you are entering to possess. 64Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known.Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 10:22 | Your fathers went down to Egypt, seventy in all, and now the LORD your God has made you as numerous as the stars in the sky. |
| 2 | Nehemiah 9:23 | You multiplied their descendants like the stars of heaven and brought them to the land You had told their fathers to enter and possess. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 4:27 | Then the LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you. |
| 4 | Isaiah 24:6 | Therefore a curse has consumed the earth, and its inhabitants must bear the guilt; the earth’s dwellers have been burned, and only a few survive. |
| 5 | 2 Kings 24:14 | He carried into exile all Jerusalem—all the commanders and mighty men of valor, all the craftsmen and metalsmiths—ten thousand captives in all. Only the poorest people of the land remained. |
| 6 | Nehemiah 7:4 | Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it, and the houses had not yet been rebuilt. |
| 7 | Mark 13:20 | If the Lord had not cut short those days, nobody would be saved. But for the sake of the elect, whom He has chosen, He has cut them short. |
| 8 | Romans 9:27–29 | Isaiah cries out concerning Israel: “Though the number of the Israelites is like the sand of the sea, only the remnant will be saved. For the Lord will carry out His sentence on the earth thoroughly and decisively.” It is just as Isaiah foretold: “Unless the Lord of Hosts had left us descendants, we would have become like Sodom, we would have resembled Gomorrah.” |
| 9 | Jeremiah 42:2 | Jeremiah the prophet and said, “May our petition come before you; pray to the LORD your God on behalf of this entire remnant. For few of us remain of the many, as you can see with your own eyes. |
| 10 | Leviticus 26:22 | I will send wild animals against you to rob you of your children, destroy your livestock, and reduce your numbers, until your roads lie desolate. |
Deuteronomy 28:62 Summary
This verse means that if we don't listen to and obey God's voice, we can go from being very blessed and numerous to being very few in number. This is not because God doesn't want to bless us, but because He wants us to trust and obey Him, as seen in Deuteronomy 28:1-14 and Jeremiah 7:23. When we disobey God, we face consequences, just like the Israelites did, but when we obey Him, we can experience great blessing and prosperity, as promised in Deuteronomy 28:1-14 and Psalm 37:3-6. By trusting in God's goodness and sovereignty, we can learn to obey His voice and experience the blessings that come from following Him, as encouraged in Psalm 119:1-8 and Matthew 22:37-40.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the significance of being as numerous as the stars in the sky in Deuteronomy 28:62?
This phrase refers to the promise made to Abraham in Genesis 15:5, where God promised to make his descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, emphasizing the vast potential and blessing that was available to the Israelites if they obeyed God's voice, as seen in Deuteronomy 28:1-14.
Why does God reduce the Israelites' number in Deuteronomy 28:62?
The reduction in number is a consequence of disobedience to God's voice, as stated in Deuteronomy 28:62, which is a result of not following His commands and statutes, as warned in Deuteronomy 28:15-68 and Leviticus 26:14-39.
Is Deuteronomy 28:62 still relevant to believers today?
While Deuteronomy 28:62 specifically addresses the Israelites, the principle of obedience to God's voice remains relevant, as seen in Romans 11:20-22, where believers are warned to remain faithful and obedient to God's commands to avoid similar consequences.
How does this verse relate to God's overall plan for His people?
Deuteronomy 28:62 serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience to God's voice, as it is part of the broader covenant between God and His people, outlined in Deuteronomy 29:1-30:20, and ultimately points to the necessity of faith and obedience in maintaining a right relationship with God, as emphasized in Hebrews 11:6 and Romans 1:5.
Reflection Questions
- What are some ways I can prioritize obeying God's voice in my daily life, just as the Israelites were called to do?
- How do I respond when I face consequences for my disobedience, and what can I learn from those experiences to grow in my relationship with God?
- In what ways can I trust God's sovereignty and goodness, even when I face difficult circumstances or reduction in my own life, just as the Israelites did?
- What promises from Scripture can I hold onto when I feel like my circumstances are shrinking or being reduced, and how can I trust God to work all things for my good, as seen in Romans 8:28?
Gill's Exposition on Deuteronomy 28:62
And ye shall be left few in number,.... There were but very few left in the land of Judea by Nebuchadnezzar's general when Jerusalem was taken by him; and these were of the poorer sort, and were left
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Deuteronomy 28:62
And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God. Ye shall be left few in number.
Trapp's Commentary on Deuteronomy 28:62
Deuteronomy 28:62 And ye shall be left few in number, whereas ye were as the stars of heaven for multitude; because thou wouldest not obey the voice of the LORD thy God.Ver. 62. And ye shall be left few in number.] And so "shall know my breach of covenant," because ye broke first.
Cambridge Bible on Deuteronomy 28:62
58–68. Still Further Development of the Curses After a fresh statement of the condition on which they will be inflicted, viz. Israel’s disobedience to the law (Deuteronomy 28:58), diseases are again threatened with the sore diminution of the people (Deuteronomy 28:59-62); and their banishment is predicted and utter despair (Deuteronomy 28:63-67). God shall bring them again to Egypt, where when they seek to sell themselves no man shall buy them (Deuteronomy 28:68).—In the substance of this section there is nothing incompatible with a pre-exilic date or with the ideas and principles of D. But some of the phraseology may possibly be post-exilic.
Sermons on Deuteronomy 28:62
| Sermon | Description | |
|---|---|---|
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God Hath Spoken - Part 7 by T. Austin-Sparks | The preacher delves into the concept of election, emphasizing that God's choice of His people is an act of selecting out from a larger group, done by Himself and for Himself. This |
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Doctrine of the Remnant - Part 2 by A.W. Tozer | In this sermon, the preacher talks about a young man who is preaching in a church. The preacher notices that the young man is using certain techniques to captivate the audience, su |
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Hell by Rolfe Barnard | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of living a holy life in order to enter heaven. He mentions that God's people in glory will continue to serve Him and see His |
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The Remnant That Stands for God by Zac Poonen | This sermon emphasizes the importance of being part of the remnant who trust in God and overcome challenges, drawing parallels from Old Testament stories like Gideon and the Israel |
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The Potter's Power Over the Clay by Eli Brayley | In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of understanding God's purpose for the church. He urges the congregation to not be ignorant about the things of God, particul |
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The Terrible Doctrine of the Remnant by A.W. Tozer | A.W. Tozer addresses the alarming doctrine of the Remnant, emphasizing that throughout history, the majority of people, including those who identify as Christians, are lost and ali |
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The Nature and Function of Overcomers by T. Austin-Sparks | T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the nature and function of Overcomers, illustrating that they embody the fullness of God's intentions and purposes, which are realized through a vital u |