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2 Samuel 17:29

2 Samuel 17:29 in Multiple Translations

honey, curds, sheep, and cheese from the herd for David and his people to eat. For they said, “The people have become hungry, exhausted, and thirsty in the wilderness.”

And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

and honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

And honey and butter and sheep and milk-cheeses, for David and his people: for they said, This people is in the waste land, needing food and drink and rest.

honey, curds, sheep, and cheese made from cow's milk for David and the people with him to eat. For they said, “The people are hungry, tired, and thirsty from their time in the wilderness.”

And they brought hony, and butter, and sheepe, and cheese of kine for Dauid and for the people that were with him, to eate: for they said, The people is hungry, and wearie, and thirstie in the wildernesse.

and honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, have brought nigh for David, and for the people who [are] with him to eat, for they said, 'Thy people [is] hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.'

honey, butter, sheep, and cheese of the herd, for David and for the people who were with him to eat; for they said, “The people are hungry, weary, and thirsty in the wilderness.”

And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of cows, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people are hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

And honey, and butter, and sheep, and fat calves, and they gave to David and the people that were with him, to eat: for they suspected that the people were faint with hunger and thirst in the wilderness.

They brought honey and curds, sheep, and some cream/cheese for David and his soldiers to eat. They knew that David and his soldiers would be hungry and tired and thirsty from marching in the desert.

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Berean Amplified Bible — 2 Samuel 17:29

BAB
Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

2 Samuel 17:29 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB וּ/דְבַ֣שׁ וְ/חֶמְאָ֗ה וְ/צֹאן֙ וּ/שְׁפ֣וֹת בָּקָ֔ר הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ לְ/דָוִ֛ד וְ/לָ/עָ֥ם אֲשֶׁר אִתּ֖/וֹ לֶ/אֱכ֑וֹל כִּ֣י אָמְר֔וּ הָ/עָ֗ם רָעֵ֛ב וְ/עָיֵ֥ף וְ/צָמֵ֖א בַּ/מִּדְבָּֽר
וּ/דְבַ֣שׁ dᵉbash H1706 honey Conj | N-ms
וְ/חֶמְאָ֗ה chemʼâh H2529 curd Conj | N-fs
וְ/צֹאן֙ tsôʼn H6629 Sheep (Gate) Conj | N-cs
וּ/שְׁפ֣וֹת shâphâh H8194 cheese Conj | N-fp
בָּקָ֔ר bâqâr H1241 cattle N-cs
הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ nâgash H5066 to approach V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp
לְ/דָוִ֛ד Dâvid H1732 David Prep | N-proper
וְ/לָ/עָ֥ם ʻam H5971 Amaw Conj | Prep | N-ms
אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher H834 which Rel
אִתּ֖/וֹ ʼêth H854 with Prep | Suff
לֶ/אֱכ֑וֹל ʼâkal H398 to eat Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
כִּ֣י kîy H3588 for Conj
אָמְר֔וּ ʼâmar H559 to say V-Qal-Perf-3cp
הָ/עָ֗ם ʻam H5971 Amaw Art | N-ms
רָעֵ֛ב râʻêb H7457 hungry Adj
וְ/עָיֵ֥ף ʻâyêph H5889 faint Conj | Adj
וְ/צָמֵ֖א tsâmêʼ H6771 thirsty Conj | Adj
בַּ/מִּדְבָּֽר midbâr H4057 mouth Prep | N-ms
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — 2 Samuel 17:29

וּ/דְבַ֣שׁ dᵉbash H1706 "honey" Conj | N-ms
In the Bible, this word means honey, a sweet and valuable food. It was used to describe the Promised Land as a place of abundance and blessing, flowing with milk and honey. The word also appears in stories of bees and honey production.
Definition: honey
Usage: Occurs in 54 OT verses. KJV: honey(-comb). See also: Genesis 43:11; 1 Samuel 14:29; Psalms 19:11.
וְ/חֶמְאָ֗ה chemʼâh H2529 "curd" Conj | N-fs
This term can refer to heat, fever, or burning anger, as well as curdled milk or cheese. It appears in Proverbs 30:33 and is related to strong emotions or physical sensations. The concept of heat is used to describe various ideas in the Bible.
Definition: curd, butter
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: butter. See also: Genesis 18:8; Job 20:17; Proverbs 30:33.
וְ/צֹאן֙ tsôʼn H6629 "Sheep (Gate)" Conj | N-cs
This word refers to a flock of sheep or goats, and is sometimes used to describe people in a figurative sense. It is also associated with the Sheep Gate in Jerusalem, a significant location in biblical times.
Definition: This name means sheep and goats Also named: probatikos (προβατικός "Sheep Gate" G4262)
Usage: Occurs in 247 OT verses. KJV: (small) cattle, flock ([phrase] -s), lamb ([phrase] -s), sheep(-cote, -fold, -shearer, -herds). See also: Genesis 4:2; Deuteronomy 28:31; Psalms 44:12.
וּ/שְׁפ֣וֹת shâphâh H8194 "cheese" Conj | N-fp
In the Bible, this word means cheese, specifically cheese that has been strained from the whey. It is a type of food made from milk.
Definition: 1) cream, cheese 1a) meaning uncertain
Usage: Occurs in 1 OT verses. KJV: cheese. See also: 2 Samuel 17:29.
בָּקָ֔ר bâqâr H1241 "cattle" N-cs
Domesticated cattle or oxen, used for work or sacrifice, like the animals used in the temple sacrifices in 1 Kings 8:63.
Definition: 1) cattle, herd, oxen, ox 1a) cattle (generic pl. but sing. in form-coll) 1b) herd (particular one) 1c) head of cattle (individually)
Usage: Occurs in 172 OT verses. KJV: beeve, bull ([phrase] -ock), [phrase] calf, [phrase] cow, great (cattle), [phrase] heifer, herd, kine, ox. See also: Genesis 12:16; Deuteronomy 8:13; Psalms 66:15.
הִגִּ֧ישׁוּ nâgash H5066 "to approach" V-Hiphil-Perf-3cp
To approach or draw near, like Moses to the burning bush, and can also mean to worship or present an argument, as in Genesis 18:23.
Definition: : approach 1) to draw near, approach 1a) (Qal) to draw or come near 1a1) of humans 1a1a) of sexual intercourse 1a2) of inanimate subject 1a2a) to approach one another 1b) (Niphal) to draw near 1c) (Hiphil) to cause to approach, bring near, bring 1d) (Hophal) to be brought near 1e) (Hithpael) to draw near Also means: na.gash (נָגַשׁ ": bring" H5066H)
Usage: Occurs in 112 OT verses. KJV: (make to) approach (nigh), bring (forth, hither, near), (cause to) come (hither, near, nigh), give place, go hard (up), (be, draw, go) near (nigh), offer, overtake, present, put, stand. See also: Genesis 18:23; 1 Samuel 28:25; Psalms 91:7.
לְ/דָוִ֛ד Dâvid H1732 "David" Prep | N-proper
David was the youngest son of Jesse and a king of Judah, first mentioned in Ruth 4:17, and an ancestor of Jesus.
Definition: A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at Rut.4.17; son of: Jesse (H3448) and Nahash (H5176I); brother of: Eliab (H0446I), Abinadab (H0041I), Shimeah (H8093), Zeruiah (H6870), Abigail (H0026H)(?), Nethanel (H5417H), Raddai (H7288), Ozem (H0684) and Elihu (H0453J); married to Michal (H4324), Abigail (H0026), Ahinoam (H0293H), Maacah (H4601I), Haggith (H2294), Abital (H0037), Eglah (H5698) and Bathsheba (H1339); father of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Shammua (H8051H), Shobab (H7727), Nathan (H5416), Solomon (H8010), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N) Also named: Daueid, Dauid, Dabid (Δαυείδ, Δαυίδ, Δαβίδ "David" G1138) § David = "beloved" youngest son of Jesse and second king of Israel
Usage: Occurs in 912 OT verses. KJV: David. See also: Ruth 4:17; 1 Samuel 20:41; 1 Samuel 27:9.
וְ/לָ/עָ֥ם ʻam H5971 "Amaw" Conj | Prep | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
אֲשֶׁר ʼăsher H834 "which" Rel
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Definition: A: 1) (relative part.) 1a) which, who 1b) that which 2) (conj) 2a) that (in obj clause) 2b) when 2c) since 2d) as 2e) conditional if B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which 2) (adv) 2a) where 3) (conj) 3a) in that, inasmuch as 3b) on account of C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which 2) from (the place) where 3) from (the fact) that, since D: Kaph+ 1) (conj.), according as, as, when 1a) according to that which, according as, as 1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since 1c) with a temporal force: when
Usage: Occurs in 4440 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] after, [idiom] alike, as (soon as), because, [idiom] every, for, [phrase] forasmuch, [phrase] from whence, [phrase] how(-soever), [idiom] if, (so) that ((thing) which, wherein), [idiom] though, [phrase] until, [phrase] whatsoever, when, where ([phrase] -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, [phrase] whither(-soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun expletively, used to show the connection. See also: Genesis 1:7; Genesis 20:9; Genesis 31:16.
אִתּ֖/וֹ ʼêth H854 "with" Prep | Suff
This Hebrew preposition means 'with' or 'near', indicating a close relationship or physical proximity. It's used in Genesis 1:26 to describe God's relationship with humanity, and in many other places to show connection or closeness.
Definition: 1) with, near, together with 1a) with, together with 1b) with (of relationship) 1c) near (of place) 1d) with (poss.) 1e) from...with, from (with other prep)
Usage: Occurs in 787 OT verses. KJV: against, among, before, by, for, from, in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional prefix. See also: Genesis 4:1; Genesis 42:32; Numbers 1:5.
לֶ/אֱכ֑וֹל ʼâkal H398 "to eat" Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a
This word means to eat or devour, and it's used in many stories, including when Jesus fed the 5000 with fish and bread in the book of Matthew. It's about taking in nourishment and being satisfied.
Definition: 1) to eat, devour, burn up, feed 1a) (Qal) 1a1) to eat (human subject) 1a2) to eat, devour (of beasts and birds) 1a3) to devour, consume (of fire) 1a4) to devour, slay (of sword) 1a5) to devour, consume, destroy (inanimate subjects - ie, pestilence, drought) 1a6) to devour (of oppression) 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to be eaten (by men) 1b2) to be devoured, consumed (of fire) 1b3) to be wasted, destroyed (of flesh) 1c) (Pual) 1c1) to cause to eat, feed with 1c2) to cause to devour 1d) (Hiphil) 1d1) to feed 1d2) to cause to eat 1e) (Piel) 1e1) consume Aramaic equivalent: a.khal (אֲכַל "to devour" H0399)
Usage: Occurs in 703 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] at all, burn up, consume, devour(-er, up), dine, eat(-er, up), feed (with), food, [idiom] freely, [idiom] in...wise(-deed, plenty), (lay) meat, [idiom] quite. See also: Genesis 2:16; Leviticus 6:9; Numbers 24:8.
כִּ֣י kîy H3588 "for" Conj
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Definition: 1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since 1a) that 1a1) yea, indeed 1b) when (of time) 1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force) 1c) because, since (causal connection) 1d) but (after negative) 1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if 1f) but rather, but 1g) except that 1h) only, nevertheless 1i) surely 1j) that is 1k) but if 1l) for though 1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
Usage: Occurs in 3910 OT verses. KJV: and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch, where-) as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else, even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, + nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then, therefore, + (al-) though, + till, truly, + until, when, whether, while, whom, yea, yet. See also: Genesis 1:4; Genesis 26:16; Genesis 42:15.
אָמְר֔וּ ʼâmar H559 "to say" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
This Hebrew word means to say or speak, and it's used in many different ways in the Bible. It can mean to command, promise, or think, and it's translated in the KJV as 'answer', 'appoint', or 'command'.
Definition: 1) to say, speak, utter 1a) (Qal) to say, to answer, to say in one's heart, to think, to command, to promise, to intend 1b) (Niphal) to be told, to be said, to be called 1c) (Hithpael) to boast, to act proudly 1d) (Hiphil) to avow, to avouch Aramaic equivalent: a.mar (אֲמַר "to say" H0560)
Usage: Occurs in 4337 OT verses. KJV: answer, appoint, avouch, bid, boast self, call, certify, challenge, charge, [phrase] (at the, give) command(-ment), commune, consider, declare, demand, [idiom] desire, determine, [idiom] expressly, [idiom] indeed, [idiom] intend, name, [idiom] plainly, promise, publish, report, require, say, speak (against, of), [idiom] still, [idiom] suppose, talk, tell, term, [idiom] that is, [idiom] think, use (speech), utter, [idiom] verily, [idiom] yet. See also: Genesis 1:3; Genesis 18:23; Genesis 25:32.
הָ/עָ֗ם ʻam H5971 "Amaw" Art | N-ms
A people or nation is what this Hebrew word represents, like the nation of Israel in Exodus 33:13. It can also mean a tribe, troops, or attendants, and is used to describe a group of people gathered together. The word is often used to refer to the people of God.
Definition: This name means nation, people
Usage: Occurs in 1655 OT verses. KJV: folk, men, nation, people. See also: Genesis 11:6; Exodus 16:4; Leviticus 17:9.
רָעֵ֛ב râʻêb H7457 "hungry" Adj
A person who is hungry is described by this Hebrew word, which appears in books like Deuteronomy and Amos. Hunger can be a physical or emotional state, and the Bible addresses both aspects.
Definition: 1) hungry 1a) hungry 1b) hungry man (subst) 1c) of failing strength (fig)
Usage: Occurs in 20 OT verses. KJV: hunger bitten, hungry. See also: 1 Samuel 2:5; Psalms 146:7; Psalms 107:5.
וְ/עָיֵ֥ף ʻâyêph H5889 "faint" Conj | Adj
In the Bible, this word means feeling faint or exhausted, like being very thirsty or weary. It is used to describe someone who is drained of energy. This word appears in descriptions of people who are struggling.
Definition: faint, exhausted, weary
Usage: Occurs in 17 OT verses. KJV: faint, thirsty, weary. See also: Genesis 25:29; Psalms 63:2; Psalms 143:6.
וְ/צָמֵ֖א tsâmêʼ H6771 "thirsty" Conj | Adj
This word describes someone or something that is thirsty, like a person in a desert or a soul searching for God, as seen in Matthew 5:6 where Jesus talks about those who hunger and thirst for righteousness. It can also mean being thirsty for knowledge or fulfillment.
Definition: thirsty
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: (that) thirst(-eth, -y). See also: Deuteronomy 29:18; Isaiah 21:14; Psalms 107:5.
בַּ/מִּדְבָּֽר midbâr H4057 "mouth" Prep | N-ms
The wilderness refers to a desert or open field, like the one the Israelites wandered in after leaving Egypt. It can also mean a place of solitude or a region without many people. In the Bible, it is often associated with the journey to the Promised Land.
Definition: 1) mouth 1a) mouth (as organ of speech)
Usage: Occurs in 257 OT verses. KJV: desert, south, speech, wilderness. See also: Genesis 14:6; Joshua 5:4; Psalms 29:8.

Study Notes — 2 Samuel 17:29

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Context — Hushai’s Warning Saves David

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 2 Samuel 16:2 “Why do you have these?” asked the king. Ziba replied, “The donkeys are for the king’s household to ride, the bread and summer fruit are for the young men to eat, and the wine is to refresh those who become exhausted in the wilderness.”
2 Isaiah 21:14 Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food.
3 2 Samuel 16:14 Finally, the king and all the people with him arrived, exhausted. And there he refreshed himself.
4 Philippians 4:15–19 And as you Philippians know, in the early days of the gospel, when I left Macedonia, no church but you partnered with me in the matter of giving and receiving. For even while I was in Thessalonica, you provided for my needs again and again. Not that I am seeking a gift, but I am looking for the fruit that may be credited to your account. I have all I need and more, now that I have received your gifts from Epaphroditus. They are a fragrant offering, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God. And my God will supply all your needs according to His glorious riches in Christ Jesus.
5 Isaiah 58:7 Isn’t it to share your bread with the hungry, to bring the poor and homeless into your home, to clothe the naked when you see him, and not to turn away from your own flesh and blood?
6 Ecclesiastes 11:1–2 Cast your bread upon the waters, for after many days you will find it again. Divide your portion among seven, or even eight, for you do not know what disaster may befall the land.
7 Romans 12:13 Share with the saints who are in need. Practice hospitality.
8 2 Samuel 17:2 I will attack him while he is weak and weary; I will throw him into a panic, and all the people with him will flee; I will strike down only the king
9 Psalms 34:8–10 Taste and see that the LORD is good; blessed is the man who takes refuge in Him! Fear the LORD, you His saints, for those who fear Him lack nothing. Young lions go lacking and hungry, but those who seek the LORD lack no good thing.
10 Psalms 84:11 For the LORD God is a sun and a shield; the LORD gives grace and glory; He withholds no good thing from those who walk with integrity.

2 Samuel 17:29 Summary

This verse shows how some friends of David, Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai, brought him and his people food and supplies when they were hungry, tired, and thirsty. They wanted to help take care of their needs, just like God takes care of us when we are in need (as seen in Matthew 6:25-34). This teaches us the importance of being kind and generous to others, and trusting that God will provide for us. By showing hospitality and compassion to others, we can reflect God's love and care for us, as seen in 1 John 3:17-18.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the significance of the gifts brought to David in 2 Samuel 17:29?

The gifts of honey, curds, sheep, and cheese from the herd signify the kindness and generosity of Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai towards David and his people, as seen in 2 Samuel 17:27-28, and demonstrate God's provision for them in their time of need, as promised in Psalm 37:3-4.

Why did the people say that David's men had become hungry, exhausted, and thirsty in the wilderness?

The people recognized the physical and emotional toll of David's men due to their time in the wilderness, and they sought to provide for their needs, as God had provided for the Israelites in the wilderness in Exodus 16:4 and Deuteronomy 8:3-4.

How does this verse relate to the concept of hospitality in the Bible?

This verse demonstrates the importance of showing hospitality to those in need, as seen in Hebrews 13:2 and Matthew 25:35, and highlights the generosity and kindness of Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai towards David and his people.

What can we learn from the example of Shobi, Machir, and Barzillai in this verse?

We can learn the value of kindness, generosity, and loyalty, as seen in Proverbs 19:17 and Matthew 10:42, and be encouraged to show hospitality and compassion to those around us, especially those in need or struggling.

Reflection Questions

  1. How can I show kindness and generosity to those around me, especially those in need or struggling?
  2. What are some ways that God has provided for me in my own times of need, and how can I express gratitude for His provision?
  3. How can I balance my own physical and emotional needs with the needs of those around me, and trust God to provide for me in the process?
  4. What does this verse teach me about the importance of community and mutual support, and how can I cultivate deeper relationships with others?

Gill's Exposition on 2 Samuel 17:29

And honey and butter,.... Honey was much in use with the ancients; Homer (b) speaks of it as a part of the provisions at a feast, and as food with which persons were nourished and brought up; and the

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on 2 Samuel 17:29

And honey, and butter, and sheep, and cheese of kine, for David, and for the people that were with him, to eat: for they said, The people is hungry, and weary, and thirsty, in the wilderness.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on 2 Samuel 17:29

i.e. Having been in the wilderness; which is an easy and common ellipsis. Or, because of (so the Hebrew particle beth is oft used) the wilderness, which they have passed through, in which provisions are very scarce.

Ellicott's Commentary on 2 Samuel 17:29

(29) Cheese of kine.—A word occurring only here, and of uncertain meaning. The English follows the Chald., Syr., and Rabbinic interpretation; the Vulg. has “fat calves,” and Theod. “sucking calves.”

Cambridge Bible on 2 Samuel 17:29

29. butter] Curdled milk is probably meant, called leben by the modern Arabs, and greatly esteemed as a refreshing drink. Cp. Judges 5:25. cheese of kine] So the Targum explains a word which occurs here only. The Vulg. gives fat calves, which agrees better with the position of the word after sheep. The people is hungry] The people hath got hungry, &c., in their passage through the wilderness.

Barnes' Notes on 2 Samuel 17:29

Cheese of kine - Or, as others, “milch cows,” which is more in accordance with the context, being coupled with “sheep,” and is more or less borne out etymologically by the Arabic.

Sermons on 2 Samuel 17:29

SermonDescription
F.B. Meyer The King and All the People Came Weary, by F.B. Meyer F.B. Meyer speaks about the profound weariness that often burdens our souls, stemming from our struggles, memories of past failures, and the harsh judgments of others. He emphasize
Ken Baird Church - Part 6 by Ken Baird In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of the Church's witness for Christ. He highlights the truth that the Church is called to show forth the praises of God, who h
William Booth Don't Forget by William Booth In this sermon, the speaker emphasizes the importance of actively helping those in need, rather than simply offering prayers or advice. The speaker encourages the audience to take
Carter Conlon Praying Through to the Fulness of Joy by Carter Conlon In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of finding joy in serving others. He discusses how the devil has tried to distort this truth and divert the Church from it. T
Keith Daniel Separated From Our Loved Ones by Keith Daniel This sermon delves into the fearful possibility of separation from loved ones, both in this life and for eternity, emphasizing the consequences of rejecting God and the need for si
Samuel Johnson Isaiah 58:7-8 by Samuel Johnson Samuel Johnson preaches about the importance of charity and compassion towards the needy and distressed, emphasizing that God requires us to help those in need as a tribute of grat
St. John Chrysostom 1 Timothy 5:8 by St. John Chrysostom John Chrysostom emphasizes the importance of providing for one's own family, especially those closely related, as a demonstration of faith and care. He highlights the need to prior

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