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Ruth 3:6 — Word Study

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WLCוַתֵּ֖רֶד הַגֹּ֑רֶן וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־ צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃

BSASo she went downyârad [to a lower place, descended] to the threshing floorgôren [where grain is separated from chaff, an open area] and didʻâsâh [made, performed, carried out] everythingkôl [all, the whole] her mother-in-lawchămôwth [the husband's mother, a family relationship] had instructed her [to do]tsâvâh [commanded, given orders to, accomplish, fulfill]

Word
Listen & take awayRuth 3
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (cha.mo.Tah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Ruth 3:6quick helps
In a sentenceRuth obeys her mother-in-law's instructions by going to the threshing floor.
Who is speakingRuth, following the guidance of her mother-in-law.
Where we areAt the threshing floor, a significant place for the events of the harvest.
The hard wordצִוַּ֖תָּה
Take awayRuth's actions reflect her commitment to her family and their traditions.
3 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbיָרַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Ruth 3:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Ruth's Obediencegenerated

5“I will do everything you say,” Ruth answered.
6So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do.
7After Boaz had finished eating and drinking and was in good spirits, he went to lie down at the end of the heap of grain. Then Ruth went in secretly, uncovered his feet, and lay down.
8At midnight, Boaz was startled, turned over, and there lying at his feet was a woman!

Ruth 3:6 describes how Ruth followed her mother-in-law's guidance by going to the threshing floor. This act of obedience is significant in the narrative, as it sets the stage for the unfolding events between Ruth and Boaz. The context emphasizes the importance of familial relationships and the adherence to instructions within the family structure, reflecting the values of loyalty and duty seen throughout the book of Ruth.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Exodus 20:12Honor your father and mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you.
2Proverbs 1:8Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother.
3John 2:5His mother said to the servants, “Do whatever He tells you.”
4John 15:14You are My friends if you do what I command you.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word צִוַּ֖תָּה, tzi.Va.tahgenerated

The verb צִוַּ֖תָּה (tzivah) means to command or give orders. It is built from a primitive root and is primarily used in the Piel form, indicating a directive or charge given to someone.

This word appears frequently in the context of authority and instruction, highlighting the relationship between the one giving the command and the one receiving it. In this verse, it underscores Ruth's obedience to her mother-in-law's wishes.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which aligns closely with the KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE in conveying the same essential meaning.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb וַתֵּ֖רֶד (va.Te.red), meaning 'and she went down,' governs the sentence, with a prepositional phrase specifying where she went and a second clause describing what she did.

The structure emphasizes Ruth's descent to the threshing floor and her subsequent actions, illustrating a clear sequence of events.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, וַתֵּ֖רֶד is translated as κατέβη (katébē), which also means 'she went down.' This choice reflects a direct correspondence in meaning.

The translation maintains the focus on Ruth's action of descending to the threshing floor, preserving the narrative's intent.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Ruth 3:6 tells us that Ruth went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do. This shows her loyalty and willingness to follow her family's guidance in a critical moment.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that Ruth went to the threshing floor?

The threshing floor is a place where grain is separated from chaff, and Ruth's visit signifies her obedience and readiness to engage in the customs of her family.

Why is Ruth's obedience important in this story?

Ruth's obedience highlights her loyalty to her mother-in-law and her commitment to their family's traditions, which are central themes in the book of Ruth.

What instructions did Ruth receive from her mother-in-law?

Her mother-in-law instructed her to go to the threshing floor and perform certain actions that would lead to her future with Boaz.

How does this verse connect to the overall narrative of Ruth?

This verse is pivotal as it sets the stage for Ruth's encounter with Boaz, which is crucial for the unfolding of the story and her eventual redemption.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does Ruth's obedience teach us about following guidance in our own lives?
  2. How can we demonstrate loyalty to our family and traditions in today's world?
  3. In what ways do you see the importance of family relationships reflected in your life?
  4. How can we apply the lessons from Ruth's story to our own decisions and actions?

Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Ruth 3:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And she went down unto the floor,.... From the city of Bethlehem, from her mother-in-law's house there, to the threshingfloor of Boaz, which was at some distance from it, and lower: and did according

Read John Gill on Ruth 3 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And she said unto her, All that thou sayest unto me I will do. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on Ruth 3 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Rth 3:6 And she went down unto the floor, and did according to all that her mother in law bade her.Ver. 6. And she went down unto the floor.] Though a woman, and a stranger, yet she ventureth hard: where desire is, there nothing can hinder or abate the spirit, or daunt the heart. Bernard.

Read John Trapp on Ruth 3 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

She went down to the threshing floor, and did everything that her mother-in-law told her.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do.

NETBNew English Translation2006

So she went down to the threshing floor and did everything her mother-in-law had instructed her to do.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

¶ And she went down unto the floor, and did according to all that her mother in law bade her.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And she went down unto the threshing-floor, and did according to all that her mother-in-law bade her.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And she went down unto the threshing-floor, and did according to all that her mother in law bade her.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And she went down to the floor, and did according to all that her mother-in-law bade her.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

So she went downe vnto the floore, and did according to all that her mother in lawe bade her.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And she went down to the floor, and did according to all that her mother-in-law had bidden her.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And she goeth down [to] the threshing-floor, and doth according to all that her mother-in-law commanded her

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And she goes down [to] the threshing-floor, and does according to all that her mother-in-law commanded her

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And she went down unto the threshing-floor, and did in accordance with all that her mother-in-law had commanded her.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

So she went down to the threshing floor, and she followed the instructions her mother-in-law had given her.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And she went down to the barnfloor, and did all that her mother in law had bid her.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

She went down to the threshing floor and did what her mother-in-law had told her to do.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

So she went down to the grain-floor and did all her mother-in-law had said to her.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וַandclauseverbתֵּ֖רֶדshe.went.downnoun phrase · adverbialהַthe.threshingגֹּ֑רֶןfloorוַandclauseverbתַּ֕עַשׂshe.didprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּaccordingnoun phraseכֹ֥לto.allrelpאֲשֶׁרthatclauseverbצִוַּ֖תָּsheobjectהhad.commanded.hernoun phrase · subjectחֲמוֹתָֽmother-in-lawהּher

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with the Septuagint providing a direct translation of the Hebrew terms. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some damage, with one word restored by an editor, but the core message remains consistent.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וַתֵּ֖רֶד הַגֹּ֑רֶן וַתַּ֕עַשׂ כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־ צִוַּ֖תָּה חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וַתֵּ֖רֶדκατέβηהַגֹּ֑רֶןἅλωוַתַּ֕עַשׂἐποίησενכְּכֹ֥לπάνταאֲשֶׁר־ὅσαצִוַּ֖תָּהἐνετείλατοחֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 2Q16a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ותרד] הגרן [ותעש] [ככל] [אשר] [צות׳ה] [חמות׳ה]

1 word on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Ruth 3:6יָרַדand she wenand she went doיָרַדגֹּ֫רֶןthe threshithe threshing fגֹּ֫רֶןעָשָׂהand she didand she didעָשָׂהכֹּלaccording taccording to alכֹּלאֲשֶׁרthatthatאֲשֶׁרצָוָהshe had comshe had commandצָוָהחֲמוֹתmother-in-lmother-in-law hחֲמוֹתכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלחָםfather-in-father-in-lawחָםשְׁאוֹלhell: Sheohell: Sheolשְׁאוֹלבּוֹרpitpitבּוֹריֶ֫קֶבwinewineיֶ֫קֶבאָרְנָןOrnanOrnanאָרְנָןמְלָאכָהworkworkמְלָאכָהתּוֹעֵבַהabominatioabominationתּוֹעֵבַהעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָהצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהמֹשֶׁהMosesMosesמֹשֶׁהמִצְוָהcommandmencommandmentמִצְוָהלָקַטto gatherto gatherלָקַטאֵתwithwithאֵת
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Ruth 3:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
וַתֵּ֖רֶדva.Te.red and she went down H3381 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
381× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Amplified meaning
to a lower place, descended
Tyndale gloss
to go down
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend

Qal 306

come or go down

go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

from Jerusalem

from altar

go down

= sink, in water

go down to She’ôl

fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

= be prostrated

of divine manifestations: descend

of inanimate things

Hiph.

cause to come or go down

bring down

send down rain = cause to flow down

= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

bring down to She’ôl

take down (from cart)

let down

Hoph.

be brought down

be taken down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down

. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

. from Jerusalem

. from altar

. go down

. = sink, in water

. go down to She’ôl

. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

. = be prostrated

. of divine manifestations: descend

. of inanimate things

. . cause to come or go down . bring down

. send down rain = cause to flow down

. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

. bring down to She’ôl

. take down (from cart)

. let down

. . be brought down

. be taken down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3381 yarad yaw-rad'

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or

conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,

the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to

bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,

bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,

fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X

indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,

let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.

1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come down

1a2) to sink

1a3) to be prostrated

1a4) to come down (of revelation)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to bring down

1b2) to send down

1b3) to take down

1b4) to lay prostrate

1b5) to let down

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought down

1c2) to be taken down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
הַגֹּ֑רֶןha.Go.ren the threshing floor H1637 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A threshing floor is an open area where grain is separated from chaff, as seen in the book of Ruth. This word can also refer to a barn or empty space. The KJV Bible translates it as floor or place.
Amplified meaning
where grain is separated from chaff, an open area
Tyndale gloss
threshing floor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גֹּ֫רֶן (goren) refers to a threshing-floor, a smooth, open area used for separating grain from chaff. It can also denote a barn or void place. The word is derived from an unused root meaning to smooth, highlighting its association with flat, even surfaces.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גֹּ֫רֶן n.m. threshing-floor

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1637 גֹּ֫רֶן threshing-floor

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1637 goren go'-ren

from an unused root meaning to smooth; a threshing- floor (as

made even); by analogy, any open area:--(barn, corn,

threshing- )floor, (threshing-, void) place.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גֹּ֫רֶן (go.ren) — threshing floor.

1) threshing-floor

2) (TWOT) barn, barn floor, corn floor, void place

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

thresh'-ing-flor (goren; halon; 'iddar, occurs in Da 2:35): The location and method of making threshing-floors have already been described under AGRICULTURE. These floors have come into prominence because of the Biblical events which occurred on or near them. Joseph with his kinsmen and Egyptian followers halted for seven days at the threshing-floor of Atad to lament the death of Jacob (Ge 50:10). Probably there was a group of floors furnishing a convenient spot for a caravan to stop. Travelers today welcome the sight of a threshing-floor at their halting-place. The hard, level spot is a much preferable to the surrounding stony fields for their tents.

and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
וַתַּ֕עַשׂva.Ta.'as and she did H6213 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
2,629× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to make or do something, and is used over 2,600 times in the Bible. It is first used in Genesis 1:7 to describe God's creation of the world and is also used in Exodus 31:5 to describe the work of skilled craftsmen.
Amplified meaning
made, performed, carried out
Tyndale gloss
to make
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make

Qal 2524

do (1560 t.)

deal with

oft. in phr. do kindness with

abs. act, act with effect

make (670 t.)

produce, yield

prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food

make offering

attend to, put in order

observe, celebrate, religious festival

acquire property of various kinds

appoint priests

bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance

use

spend, pass, days of life

Niph.

97be done

be made, of concr. things

be produced from vine

be prepared, of food

be offered

be observed, passover

be used

Pu. I was made

base

[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)

. deal with

. oft. in phr. do kindness with

. abs. act, act with effect

. . make (670 + t.)

. produce, yield

. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food

. make offering

. attend to, put in order

. observe, celebrate, religious festival

. acquire property of various kinds

. appoint priests

. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance

. use

. spend, pass, days of life

. . be done

. . be made, of concr. things

. be produced from vine

. be prepared, of food

. be offered

. be observed, passover

. be used

. I was made

H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6213 `asah aw-saw'

a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and

widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,

appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,

bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal

(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)

execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +

finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go

about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X

indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,

make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,

bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,

provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,

spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be

(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.

: do/perform

1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to do, work, make, produce

1a1a) to do

1a1b) to work

1a1c) to deal (with)

1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect

1a2) to make

1a2a) to make

1a2b) to produce

1a2c) to prepare

1a2d) to make (an offering)

1a2e) to attend to, put in order

1a2f) to observe, celebrate

1a2g) to acquire (property)

1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute

1a2i) to bring about

1a2j) to use

1a2k) to spend, pass

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be done

1b2) to be made

1b3) to be produced

1b4) to be offered

1b5) to be observed

1b6) to be used

1c) (Pual) to be made

עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.

(Piel) to press, squeeze

עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.

: make(OBJECT)

1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to do, work, make, produce

1a1a) to do

1a1b) to work

1a1c) to deal (with)

1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect

1a2) to make

1a2a) to make

1a2b) to produce

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
כְּכֹ֥לke.Khol according to all H3605 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Amplified meaning
all, the whole
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
אֲשֶׁר־'a.Sher- that H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTr — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
צִוַּ֖תָּהtzi.Va.tah she had commanded her H6680 Verb piel perfect third person feminine singular · suffix
494× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To command or give orders, as seen in the Bible when God gives charge to his people. It can also mean to appoint or ordain someone for a task. This word is used in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
commanded, given orders to, accomplish, fulfill
Tyndale gloss
to command
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָוָה (tsavah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to command or give orders. It is built from a primitive root and primarily used in the Piel form, indicating actions like appointing or charging someone with a task. The entries highlight its various applications, including laying charges and sending messengers. There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָוָה] 485 vb. Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6680 צָוָה Pi. lay charge (upon), give charge (to), charge, command, order

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6680 tsavah tsaw-vaw'

a primitive root; (intensively) to constitute,

enjoin:--appoint, (for-)bid, (give a) charge, (give a, give

in, send with) command(-er, -ment), send a messenger, put,

(set) in order.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָוָה (tsa.vah) — to command.

1) to command, charge, give orders, lay charge, give charge to, order

1a)(Piel)

1a1) to lay charge upon

1a2) to give charge to, give command to

1a3) to give charge unto

1a4) to give charge over, appoint

1a5) to give charge, command

1a6) to charge, command

1a7) to charge, commission

1a8) to command, appoint, ordain (of divine act)

1b) (Pual) to be commanded

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-3fs | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person feminine singular · suffix
HVpp3fs/Sp3fs
and she went down the threshing floor and she did according to all that she had commanded her mother-in-law her
חֲמוֹתָֽהּ׃cha.mo.Tah mother-in-law her H2545 Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
11× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a mother-in-law, the husband's mother, a family relationship. It appears in various biblical contexts.
Amplified meaning
the husband's mother, a family relationship
Tyndale gloss
mother-in-law
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֲמוֹת (chamowth) means 'husband’s mother' or 'mother-in-law.' It is a feminine noun derived from the root of another word, specifically H2524. The entries consistently define it as referring to a mother-in-law without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חֲמוֹת] n.f. husband’s mother

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2545 [חֲמוֹת] husband’s mother

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2545 chamowth kham-oth'

or (shortened) chamoth {kham-oth'}; feminine of 2524; a

mother-in-law:--mother in law.

see HEBREW for 02524

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֲמוֹת (cha.mot) — mother-in-law.

mother-in-law, husband's mother

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HNcfsc/Sp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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