Psalms 64:2 — Word Study
WLCתַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי מִסּ֣וֹד מְרֵעִ֑ים מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃
BSAto hearshâmaʻ Godʼĕlôhîym voiceqôwl complaintsîyach dreadpachad enemyʼôyêb to watchnâtsar alivechay
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי | you will hide me | Verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular, suffix |
| מִסּ֣וֹד | from [the] secret counsel of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מְרֵעִ֑ים | evil-doers | Verb, Hiphil, participle (active) masculine plural |
| מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת | from [the] unrest of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| פֹּ֣עֲלֵי | [those who] do | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| אָֽוֶן׃ | wickedness | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Hide me from the scheming of the wicked, from the mob of workers of iniquity, |
| KJV | Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity: |
| ASV | Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-doers, From the tumult of the workers of iniquity; |
| YLT | Hidest me from the secret counsel of evil doers, From the tumult of workers of iniquity. |
| WEB | Hide me from the conspiracy of the wicked, from the noisy crowd of the ones doing evil; |
| BBE | Keep me safe from the secret purpose of wrongdoers; from the band of the workers of evil; |
All translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse.
The sentence has a main verb followed by two prepositional phrases that specify the sources of danger.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבְּ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 64:2
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Plea for Protectiongenerated
Psalm 64:2 is part of a prayer where the psalmist calls out to God for safety from the plots of the wicked. This psalm reflects a deep concern for protection against those who conspire against the innocent. The surrounding verses amplify this theme of seeking refuge from adversaries, emphasizing the psalmist's vulnerability and reliance on divine intervention.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 27:5 | For in the day of trouble He will hide me in His shelter; He will conceal me under the cover of His tent; He will set me high upon a rock. |
| 2 | Psalm 31:20 | You hide them in the secret place of Your presence from the schemes of men. You conceal them in Your shelter from accusing tongues. |
| 3 | Psalm 143:9 | Deliver me from my enemies, O LORD; I flee to You for refuge. |
| 4 | Isaiah 32:2 | Each will be like a shelter from the wind, a refuge from the storm, like streams of water in a dry land, like the shadow of a great rock in an arid land. |
| 5 | Psalm 56:6 | They conspire, they lurk, they watch my steps while they wait to take my life. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 17 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי, Tas.ti.re.nigenerated
The verb תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי (tas.ti.re.ni) is a Hiphil imperfect form, indicating an action of hiding performed by the subject, in this case, God. It expresses a desire for concealment and protection, suggesting that the psalmist feels threatened and seeks divine shelter.
This word is derived from the root סָתַר (sa.tar), which means to hide or conceal. The psalmist uses this term to articulate a profound need for safety from the schemes of evil-doers, highlighting the urgency of the request.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי (tas.ti.re.ni) governs the entire verse, with two prepositional phrases providing context: one indicating the source of danger and the other describing the nature of the threats. The structure emphasizes the psalmist's plea for divine intervention amidst a tumultuous situation.
The verse's order places the verb first, underscoring the urgency of the request for hiding. The subsequent phrases detail the specific threats, creating a clear picture of the psalmist's distress.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי is rendered as εἰσάκουσον (eisakouson), which means 'hear' or 'listen.' This choice shifts the focus from the act of hiding to a plea for God to hear the psalmist's cry for help, indicating a different emphasis in the Greek translation.
The translation reflects an interpretation that prioritizes the request for divine attention over the specific act of concealment.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 64:2 expresses a plea for God to hide the psalmist from the evil plans of wicked people. The psalmist feels threatened by those who plot harm and seeks safety and protection from their schemes.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Being hidden from the wicked implies seeking safety and protection from those who intend to cause harm or commit evil.
The psalmist recognizes the danger posed by a group of people working together to harm others, emphasizing the need for divine intervention.
This verse connects to themes in other psalms that express a desire for God's protection and deliverance from enemies, such as in Psalm 27:5.
The psalmist refers to moral wickedness and plots against the innocent, highlighting the serious nature of the threats faced.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I feel the need for God's protection from evil?
- How can I seek shelter in God during times of distress or danger?
- What steps can I take to avoid being influenced by those who do evil?
- How does understanding the nature of wickedness help me in my daily life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers reference this verse to discuss divine protection and the nature of evil, illustrating its relevance in spiritual teachings.
What, really, does our spiritual father intend to teach? “I will teach you the fear of the Lord.” When he ordered us above to fear the Lord, he also showed the profit that comes from fear, saying,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 64 →
"You have protected me from the gathering together of malignants, and from the multitude of men working iniquity" [Psalms 64:2]. Now upon Himself our Head let us look.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 64 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 64:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHide me from the secret counsel of the wicked,.... The word used denotes both the place where wicked men meet together for consultation; see Genesis 49:6; and the counsel itself they there take; from
Read John Gill on Psalms 64 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity: Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked - `from the divan of the malicious;' from the secret
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 64 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFrom the secret counsel, i.e. from the ill effects of their plots against me.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 64 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 64:2 Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity:Ver. 2. Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked] Or, from the mystery of evil doers, from the Church malignant, that mystery of iniquity. See the contrary, Psalms 111:1. From the insurrection, &c.] Heb. from their tumult, their hurricum, their open force, as well as from their secret fraud. Let thy protection equal their projects, who turn every stone to undo me.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 64 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(2) Secret counsel . . . insurrection—Better, secret league (sôd) . . . noisy gathering (rigshah). For sôd see Psalms 25:14, and for rigshah see Note to Psalms 2:2.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 64 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 2. Hide me from the secret counsel] They plotted his destruction, and then formed insurrections in order to accomplish it. Workers of iniquity] Those who made sin their labour, their daily employment; it was their occupation and trade. It is supposed that by this title the Babylonians are intended. See Psalms 6:3; Psalms 14:4; Psalms 36:12; Psalms 53:4; Psalms 59:2.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 64 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges2. Thou wilt hide me from the secret council of evil doers, From the tumultuous throng of workers of iniquity. i.e. from secret machinations and open attack. The cognate verbs are used together in Psalms 2:1-2 (tumultuously assemble, R.V. marg.; take counsel). Cp. Psalms 31:13. The same words occur in Psalms 55:14, but in a good sense.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 64 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHide me - Or, more literally, thou wilt hide me. There is both an implied prayer that this might be done, and a confident belief that it would be done.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 64 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Hide me from the scheming of the wicked, from the mob of workers of iniquity,
Hide me from the conspiracy of the wicked, from the noisy crowd of the ones doing evil;
Hide me from the scheming of the wicked, from the mob of workers of iniquity,
Hide me from the plots of evil men, from the crowd of evildoers.
Tyndale line
Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity:
Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-doers, From the tumult of the workers of iniquity;
Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-doers; from the tumult of the workers of iniquity:
Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked; from the insurrection of the workers of iniquity:
Hide me from the conspiracie of the wicked, and from the rage of the workers of iniquitie.
Strictly literal
Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-doers, from the tumultuous crowd of the workers of iniquity,
Hidest me from the secret counsel of evil doers, From the tumult of workers of iniquity.
Hide me from the secret counsel of evildoers, || From the tumult of workers of iniquity.
(64:3) Hide me from the secret counsel of evil-doers, from the tumultuous assault of the workers of wickedness;
Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers, from the commotion of the doers of iniquity.
From the Latin
A Hymn, O God, becometh thee in Sion: and a vow shall be paid to thee in Jerusalem.
Simplified
Shelter me from the plots of the wicked, from this evil mob.
Keep me safe from the secret purpose of wrongdoers; from the band of the workers of evil;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי, מִסּ֣וֹד, מְרֵעִ֑ים, מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת, פֹּ֣עֲלֵי, and אָֽוֶן׃. This agreement suggests a consistent understanding of the psalm's themes across both texts.
תַּ֭סְתִּירֵנִי מִסּ֣וֹד מְרֵעִ֑ים מֵ֝רִגְשַׁ֗ת פֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָֽוֶן׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 64:2
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
סָתַר (sa.tar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It encompasses various forms, including hiding oneself, being hidden, and carefully concealing something or someone. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical aspects, such as the Niphal, Piel, Pual, Hiphil, and Hithpael stems. The Aramaic equivalent is noted as סְתַר.
סָתַר vb. hide, conceal
Niph.
hide oneself
be hid, concealed
Pi. Imv. carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts
Pu. Pt. love carefully concealed
Hithp. hide oneself carefully
Hiph. conceal, hide
base
H5641 סָתַר hide, conceal . . hide oneself
. be hid, concealed
. Imv. carefully hide (i.e. shelter) the outcasts
. Pt. love carefully concealed
. hide oneself carefully
. conceal, hide
5641 cathar saw-thar'
a primitive root; to hide (by covering), literally or
figuratively:--be absent, keep close, conceal, hide (self),
(keep) secret, X surely.
סָתַר (sa.tar) — to hide.
1) to hide, conceal
1a) (Niphal)
1a1) to hide oneself
1a2) to be hidden, be concealed
1b) (Piel) to hide carefully
1c) (Pual) to be hidden carefully, be concealed
1d) (Hiphil) to conceal, hide
1e) (Hithpael) to hide oneself carefully
Aramaic equivalent: se.tar (סְתַר "to hide" H5642A)
HVhi2ms/Sp1bs — Verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular · suffixHVhi2ms/Sp1bs
סוֹד (sod) refers to a council or assembly, often implying intimacy and close deliberation among its members. It encompasses meanings such as secret counsel and familiar conversation, particularly in the context of discussions among friends or with God. The term is derived from a root meaning 'to consult' and highlights the importance of shared deliberation.
סוֹד n.[m.] council, counsel
base
H5475 סוֹד council, counsel
5475 cowd sode
from 3245; a session, i.e. company of persons (in close
deliberation); by implication, intimacy, consultation, a
secret:--assembly, consel, inward, secret (counsel).
see HEBREW for 03245
סוֹד (sod) — counsel.
1) council, counsel, assembly
1a) council (of familiar conversation)
1a1) divan, circle (of familiar friends)
1a2) assembly, company
1b) counsel
1b1) counsel (itself)
1b2) secret counsel
1b3) familiar converse, intimacy (with God)
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רָעַע (ra`a`) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to being evil or breaking. It encompasses a range of concepts from moral wickedness to physical shattering. The entries indicate that it can refer to causing harm or injury, as well as being displeasing or sad. There is a notable distinction in the lexicons regarding its use in ethical contexts versus physical breaking.
[רָעַע] 98 vb. denom. be evil, bad
Qal
be displeasing
be sad
be injurious, evil
be evil, wicked, ethically
Niph. suffer hurt
Hiph. 70
do an injury, hurt
do evil, wickedly
base
[רָעַע] vb. break
Qal
trans. can one break iron, iron out of the north ?
intrans. break = be broken
Hithpō‛. the earth is broken asunder
base
H7489a רָעַע vb. denom. be evil, bad H7489b רָעַע break
7489 ra`a` raw-ah'
a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking
to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing,
i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally):--afflict,
associate selves (by mistake for 7462), break (down, in
pieces), + displease, (be, bring, do) evil (doer, entreat,
man), show self friendly (by mistake for 7462), do harm, (do)
hurt, (behave self, deal) ill, X indeed, do mischief, punish,
still, vex, (do) wicked (doer, -ly), be (deal, do) worse.
see HEBREW for 07462
see HEBREW for 07462
רָעַע (ra.a) — be evil.
1) to be bad, be evil
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to be displeasing
1a2) to be sad
1a3) to be injurious, be evil
1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to do an injury or hurt
1b2) to do evil or wickedly
1b3) mischief (participle)
רָעַע (ra.a) — to shatter.
1) to break, shatter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to break
1a2) broken (participle)
1a3) to be broken
1b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder
HVhrmpa — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine pluralHVhrmpa
e-v'-l-doo'-erz mere`im; from ra`-a`; kakopoios, always plural:
Malefactors or offenders of God's law. Used generally of the ungodly, as, "Fret not thyself because of evil-doers." (Ps 37:1). Sometimes also of personal offenders: "He hath delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evil-doers." (Jer 20:13).
רֶ֫גֶשׁ (regesh) and רִגְשָׁה (rigshah) both refer to a throng or tumultuous crowd, with rigshah also implying scheming. The word is derived from a root meaning tumult and covers concepts of company and insurrection. It appears in Psalm 55:15.
[רֶ֫גֶשׁ] n.[m.] throng;—ψ 55:15
ref
[רִגְשָׁה] n.f. throng
base
H7285a רֶ֫גֶשׁ throng H7285b רִגְשָׁה throng
7285 regesh reh'-ghesh
or (feminine) rigshah {rig-shaw'}; from 7283; a tumultuous
crowd:--company, insurrection.
see HEBREW for 07283
רֶ֫גֶשׁ (re.gesh) — throng.
throng, in company
רִגְשָׁה (rig.shah) — scheming.
scheming
HR/Ncfsc — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פָּעַל (pa'al) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, often used in a systematic or habitual sense. It encompasses actions like committing, ordaining, and working, with a poetic nuance compared to the more common verb for 'to do' (עָשָׂה). The entries consistently highlight its usage in the Qal stem, emphasizing its foundational role in expressing action.
פָּעַל 67 vb. do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
Qal
do
make
base
H6466 פָּעַל do, make (poet. for עָשָׂה)
6466 pa`al paw-al'
a primitive root; to do or make (systematically and
habitually), especially to practise:--commit, (evil-)
do(-er), make(-r), ordain, work(-er).
פָּעַל (pa.al) — to work.
1) to do, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do
1a2) to make
HVqrmpc — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
אָ֫וֶן (aven) encompasses meanings related to trouble, sorrow, and wickedness. It may also refer to idolatry and the concept of vanity or nothingness. The entries suggest a range of negative connotations, including affliction and iniquity, indicating a strong moral or ethical dimension. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
אָ֫וֶן 85 n.m. trouble, sorrow, wickedness
trouble, sorrow
idolatry
trouble of iniquity, wickedness
base
H205 אָ֫וֶן trouble, sorrow, wickedness
205 'aven aw-ven'
from an unused root perhaps meaning properly, to pant (hence,
to exert oneself, usually in vain; to come to naught);
strictly nothingness; also trouble. vanity, wickedness;
specifically an idol:--affliction, evil, false, idol,
iniquity, mischief, mourners(-ing), naught, sorrow, unjust,
unrighteous, vain ,vanity, wicked(-ness). Compare 369.
see HEBREW for 0369
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: wickedness.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
Also means: a.ven (אָ֫וֶן ": trouble" H0205H)
אָ֫וֶן (a.ven) — evil: trouble.
1) trouble, wickedness, sorrow
1a) trouble, sorrow
1b) idolatry
1c) trouble of iniquity, wickedness
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
wik'-ed-nes:
1. In the Old Testament:
The state of being wicked; a mental disregard for justice, righteousness, truth, honor, virtue; evil in thought and life; depravity; sinfulness; criminality. See SIN. Many words are rendered "wickedness." There are many synonyms for wickedness in English and also in the Hebrew. Pride and vanity lead to it: "All the proud, and all that work wickedness (rish`ah) shall be stubble" (Mal 4:1). Akin to this is the word `awen, "iniquity," "vanity": "She eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness" (Pr 30:20). Then we have the word hawwah, meaning "mischief," "calamity," coming from inward intent upon evil: "Lo, this is the man that made not God his strength, but trusted in the abundance of his riches, and strengthened himself in…