Psalms 35:14 — Word Study
WLCכְּרֵֽעַ־ כְּאָ֣ח לִ֭י הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי כַּאֲבֶל־ אֵ֝֗ם קֹדֵ֥ר שַׁחֽוֹתִי׃
BSAI paced abouthâlak■ [habitually walked, as a mourner] as for my friendrêaʻ [neighbor, companion] or brotherʼâch [close relative] I was bowed downshâchach■ [humbled, sank low] ◂with griefqâdar [mourning, lamenting] like one mourningʼâbêl [bewailing, lamenting] [for his] motherʼêm [female parent, maternal figure]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כְּרֵֽעַ־ | like a friend | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| כְּאָ֣ח | like a brother | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לִ֭י | of me | Preposition, suffix |
| הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי | I went about | Verb, Hithpael, perfect first person common singular |
| כַּאֲבֶל־ | like a mourner of | Preposition |
| אֵ֝֗ם | a mother | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| קֹדֵ֥ר | mourning | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| שַׁחֽוֹתִי׃ | I bowed | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I paced about as for my friend or brother; I was bowed down with grief, like one mourning for his mother. |
| KJV | I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother. |
| ASV | I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother: I bowed down mourning, as one that bewaileth his mother. |
| YLT | As [if] a friend, as [if] my brother, I walked habitually, As a mourner for a mother, Mourning I have bowed down. |
| WEB | I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother. I bowed down mourning, as one who mourns his mother. |
| BBE | My behaviour was as if it had been my friend or my brother: I was bent low in grief like one whose mother is dead. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of כְּרֵֽעַ־ — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause is supported by two prepositional phrases and a participial phrase, creating a layered expression of the psalmist's grief.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָלַךְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 35:14
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament for a Friendgenerated
Psalms 35:14 captures the psalmist's sorrow as he reflects on his deep emotional connection to a friend or brother. This lament highlights the pain of betrayal and the profound grief that accompanies the loss of close relationships. The surrounding verses illustrate the contrast between the psalmist's mourning and the joy of those who have turned against him, emphasizing the depth of his sorrow.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 1:11–12 | Then David took hold of his own clothes and tore them, and all the men who were with him did the same. |
| 2 | Luke 19:41–42 | As Jesus approached Jerusalem and saw the city, He wept over it |
| 3 | Genesis 24:67 | And Isaac brought her into the tent of his mother Sarah and took Rebekah as his wife. And Isaac loved her and was comforted after his mother’s death. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רֵעַ, ke.re.a'-generated
The word רֵעַ (re'a) means 'friend' or 'neighbor' and describes a close relationship. It can refer to a companion or fellow citizen, emphasizing bonds of intimacy and kinship. The parsing shows that it is a masculine noun, indicating its use in a context of personal connection.
In this verse, the psalmist likens his grief to that of mourning for a mother, demonstrating the depth of his sorrow for his friend. This word reflects the emotional weight of the psalmist's lament, as he walks in mourning for someone he holds dear.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains a main clause with two prepositional phrases describing the psalmist's actions and emotional state. The finite verb is הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי, I went about, which governs the surrounding phrases.
The structure emphasizes the psalmist's active mourning, with the prepositional phrases providing context for his grief, likening it to that of a mourner for a mother.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רֵעַ as πλησίον, meaning 'neighbor' or 'nearby.' This choice highlights the relational aspect of the term, suggesting closeness and intimacy.
The LXX uses ἀδελφὸν for אָח, which also conveys a sense of kinship, reinforcing the emotional ties expressed in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 35:14 expresses the psalmist's deep sorrow as he mourns for a friend or brother. He describes his grief as being similar to that of someone mourning for their mother, emphasizing the emotional weight of his lament.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The psalmist expresses profound sorrow for a close relationship that has been affected by betrayal or loss, likening it to the grief experienced when losing a mother.
This comparison highlights the depth of his sorrow and the strong emotional bond he feels towards his friend, emphasizing that losing a friend can be as painful as losing a family member.
The word 'friend' indicates a close relationship, suggesting that the psalmist's grief is not just for any acquaintance but for someone deeply valued and cherished.
This verse is part of a lament where the psalmist contrasts his sorrow with the joy of those who have turned against him, highlighting the emotional turmoil he faces.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced deep grief for a friend or loved one?
- How can I support those who are mourning in my community?
- What does it mean to me to have close friends or family members who I can rely on?
- How can I express my emotions in a healthy way when faced with loss or betrayal?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Augustine of Hippo reference this verse to discuss the nature of sorrow and friendship, drawing on the emotional depth expressed in the lament.
"As a Neighbour, as our Brother, so I pleased Him: as one mourning and sorrowful, so I humbled myself" [Psalms 35:14]. Now looks He back to His Own Body: let us now look to this.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 35 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 35:14 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleI behaved myself as though [he had been] my friend [or] brother,.... Meaning either Saul or Doeg the Edomite, or some such evil man; somewhat like this he says of Ahithophel, Psalms 41:9; and Arama
Read John Gill on Psalms 35 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryI behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother. I behaved myself - literally, 'I walked,' or 'went along.' As though ... or brother.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 35 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleI behaved myself, Heb. I walked; either to him, to visit and comfort him; or about the streets, whither my occasions led me. Though walking is oft put for a man’ s carriage or conversation. I bowed down; went hanging down my head, as mourners used to do, . Mother; he mentions the mother rather than the father, either because her tender affection, and care, and kindness to him had more won upon his heart, and made him more sensible of the loss; or because, through the depravation of man’ s nature, children are many times less sensible of their father’ s loss or death, because it is compensated with some advantage to themselves; which doth not usually happen upon the mother’ s death. Some…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 35 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 35:14 I behaved myself as though [he had been] my friend [or] brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth [for his] mother.Ver. 14. I behaved myself as though he had been, &c.] My brother a thousand times. This was much to do to an enemy; but possibly all this might be before they fell out. I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth, &c.] The mother is usually most dearly beloved, and not without cause, as having been ante partum onerosa, in partu dolorosa, post partum laboriosa (Kimchi). Or, as a suckling crieth in the loss of his nurse.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 35 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(14) I bowed down heavily.—Better, I went squalid, and bowed down, alluding to the neglected beard and person, and to the dust and ashes of Oriental mourning.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 35 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 14. Mourneth for his mother.] כאבל אם caabel em, as a mourning mother. How expressive is this word!
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 35 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges14. Better with R.V. I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother: I bowed down mourning, as one that bewaileth his mother. Had they been his nearest and dearest, he could not have displayed deeper grief. The verse would be improved by a slight transposition (which is supported by Psalms 38:6), thus; I bowed down (descriptive of the mourner’s gait with the head bowed down by the load of sorrow) … I went mourning (like Lat. squalidus, of all the outward signs of grief, dark clothes, tear-stained unwashed face, untrimmed hair and beard—see 2 Samuel 19:24).
Read Cambridge on Psalms 35 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleI behaved myself - Margin, as in Hebrew: “I walked.” The word “walk,” in the Scriptures, is often used to denote a course of conduct; the way in which a man lives and acts: Phi 3:18; Galatians 2:14;
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 35 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I paced about as for my friend or brother; I was bowed down with grief, like one mourning for his mother.
I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother. I bowed down mourning, as one who mourns his mother.
I paced about as for my friend or brother; I was bowed down with grief, like one mourning for his mother.
I mourned for them as I would for a friend or my brother. I bowed down in sorrow as if I were mourning for my mother.
Tyndale line
I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother.
I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother: I bowed down mourning, as one that bewaileth his mother.
I behaved myself as though it had been my friend or my brother: I bowed down mourning, as one that bewaileth his mother.
I behaved myself as though he had been my friend or brother: I bowed down heavily, as one that mourneth for his mother.
I behaued my selfe as to my friend, or as to my brother: I humbled my selfe, mourning as one that bewaileth his mother.
Strictly literal
I behaved myself as though [he had been] a friend, a brother to me; I bowed down in sadness, as one that mourneth [for] a mother.
As [if] a friend, as [if] my brother, I walked habitually, As a mourner for a mother, Mourning I have bowed down.
As [if] a friend, as [if] my brother, || I habitually walked, || As a mourner for a mother, || I have bowed down mourning.
As though he had been to me a friend or a brother did I walk about: as one that mourneth for a mother did I sorrowfully bend down my head.
I went about in grief as for my brother; I bent down in mourning as for my mother.
Simplified
I was upset for them, as if they were my own friends or family; I bowed down in grief as if I was mourning my own mother.
My behaviour was as if it had been my friend or my brother: I was bent low in grief like one whose mother is dead.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches all eight words in the verse. The Dead Sea Scrolls, however, show some editorial restoration, indicating that parts of the text were damaged but align with the Masoretic reading.
כְּרֵֽעַ־ כְּאָ֣ח לִ֭י הִתְהַלָּ֑כְתִּי כַּאֲבֶל־ אֵ֝֗ם קֹדֵ֥ר שַׁחֽוֹתִי׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[כרע] [כאח] [ל׳י] [התהלכתי] [כאבל] [אם] קדר שחותי
2 words on the leather — 6 supplied entire by an editor.
כרע כאח ל׳י התהלכתי [כאבל] [אם] [קדר] [שחותי]
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 35:14
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רֵעַ (rea`) refers to a friend, companion, or fellow, emphasizing close associations such as brotherhood or intimacy. It can also denote a neighbor or another person in a broader sense. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to associate.'
רֵעַ 187 n.m. friend, companion, fellow
base
H7453 רֵעַ friend, companion, fellow
7453 rea` ray'-ah
or reya2 {ray'-ah}; from 7462; an associate (more or less
close):--brother, companion, fellow, friend, husband, lover,
neighbour, X (an-)other.
see HEBREW for 0reya2
see HEBREW for 07462
רֵעַ (re.a) — neighbor.
1) friend, companion, fellow, another person
1a) friend, intimate
1b) fellow, fellow-citizen, another person (weaker sense)
1c) other, another (reciprocal phrase)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
Abraham is signally honored in being called "the friend of God," Isa 41:8 Jas 2:23. Christ granted a similar honor and blessing to his disciples, Joh 15:15. It is a different word, however, in Greek, by which he addressed Judas, Mt 26:50; the word there translated friend, means simply companion, and appears to have been used as a conversational term not implying friendship. The same word occurs in Mt 20:13 22:12.
אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.
אָח 630 n.m. brother
brother, born of same mother (& father)
indef. = relative
fig. of resemblance
in phr. one … another
base
H251 אָח brother
251 'ach awkh
a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of
literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance
(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.
Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".
see HEBREW for 01
אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.
: male-sibling
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.
: male-relative
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.
: compatriot
1) brother
1a) brother of same parents
1b) half-brother (same father)
1c) relative, kinship, same tribe
1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)
1e) (fig.) of resemblance
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
bruth'-er ('ach; adelphos = kin by birth, from the same parents or parent): Used extensively in both Old Testament and New Testament of other relations and relationships, and expanding under Christ's teaching to include the universal brotherhood of man. Chiefly employed in the natural sense, as of Cain and Abel (Ge 4:8); of Joseph and his brethren (Ge 42:3); of Peter and Andrew, of James and John (Mt 10:2). Of other relationships:
(1) Abram's nephew, Lot, is termed "brother" (Ge 14:14);
(2) Moses' fellow-countrymen are "brethren" (Ex 2:11; Ac 3:22; compare
Brother
(1.) In the natural and common sense (Matt. 1:2; Luke 3:1, 19).
(2.) A near relation, a cousin (Gen. 13:8; 14:16; Matt. 12:46; John 7:3; Acts 1:14; Gal. 1:19).
(3.) Simply a fellow-countryman (Matt. 5:47; Acts 3:22; Heb. 7:5).
The Hebrew word is used in various senses in the Old Testament, as, Any kinsman, and not a mere brother; e.g. nephew, (Genesis 13:8; 14:16) husband, (Solomon 4:9) One of the same tribe. (2 Samuel 19:13) Of the same people, (Exodus 2:11) or even of a cognate people. (Numbers 20:14) An ally. (Amos 1:9) Any friend, (Job 5:15) One of the same office. (1 Kings 9:13) A fellow man. (Leviticus 19:17) Metaphorically of any similarity, as in (
Signifies in Scripture the son of the same parent or parents, Mt 1:2 Lu 6:14; a cousin or near kinsman, Ge 13:8 14:16 Joh 7:3 Ac 1:14; one of the same stock or country, Mt 5:47 Ac 3:22 Heb 7:5; a fellow-man, and equal, Mt 5:23 7:3; one beloved, 2Sa 1:26; Christians, as sons of God, Ac 9:30 11:29. In
נִי (ni) — me.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 1st person singular
HR/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp1bs
הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.
הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk
Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך
lit.
of persons
Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
in like manner of inanimate things
The inf. abs. is often used
as in other vbs., quite independently
to intensify meaning of finite form
most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.
with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance
twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
quite by itself
13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
In combination with other verbal forms
Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:
pass away, die
H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons
. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations
. in like manner of inanimate things
. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently
. to intensify meaning of finite form
. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance
. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)
. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance
. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion
. quite by itself
. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.
. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.
. In combination with other verbal forms
1980 halak haw-lak'
akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety
of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,
apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,
depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,
forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,
out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,
march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),
be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,
still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,
on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,
(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.
see HEBREW for 03212
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.
: went/go[away]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.
: come[nearer]
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
1c2) to walk about
1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk
הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.
: walk/move
1) to go, walk, come
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away
1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to walk
1b2) to walk (fig.)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to traverse
V-Hithpael-Perf-1cs — Verb · Hithpael · perfect first person common singularHVtp1cs
a-bout': The use of this word as a preposition, in the sense of "around," is confined to the Old Testament. In the New Testament, generally an adverb, for Greek hos or "hosei." The Revised Version (British and American) adopts it in several idiomatic translations of mello, referring to what is about to be, i.e. on the point of occurring, or immediately impending, amending the King James Version, in Ac 5:35; 27:2; Re 12:4, etc.
אָבֵל (abel) refers to mourning, particularly in the context of grief for the dead or calamity. It can also denote a mourner as a noun. The word is derived from a root related to lamenting, and its usage encompasses both the act of mourning and the rites associated with it.
אָבֵל adj. mourning—elsewhere as subst. mourner
base
H57 אָבֵל mourning—elsewhere as subst. mourner
57 'abel aw-bale'
from 56; lamenting:--mourn(-er, -ing).
see HEBREW for 056
אָבֵל (a.vel) — mourning.
1) mourning
1a) for the dead
1b) because of calamity
1c) of rites of mourning
2) mourner (subst.)
2a) for the dead
2b) for calamity
Prep | Adj — PrepositionHR/Aamsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֵם (em) means 'mother' and can refer to a human mother, an animal's dam, or even a figurative sense, such as Deborah's nurturing role for her people. It also conveys the idea of a point of departure or division. This word is built from a primitive root and encompasses both literal and figurative meanings.
אֵם 221 n.f. mother
lit. (human) mother
fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
of animals, dam
= point of departure or division
base
H517 אֵם mother . lit. (human) mother
. fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
. of animals, dam
. = point of departure or division
517 'em ame
a primitive word; a mother (as the bond of the family); in a
wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like 1):--dam,
mother, X parting.
see HEBREW for 01
אֵם (em) — mother.
1) mother
1a) of humans
1b) of Deborah's relationship to the people (fig.)
1c) of animals
2) point of departure or division
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
muth'-er ('em, "mother," "dam," "ancestress"; meter):
1. Her Position in the Old Testament:
In vain do we look in the Scriptures for traces of the low position which woman occupies in many eastern lands. A false impression has been created by her present position in the East, especially under Mohammedan rule. Her place as depicted in the Scriptures is a totally different one. Women there move on the same social plane with men. They often occupy leading public positions (Ex 15:20; Jud 4:4; 2Ki 22:14). The love of offspring was deeply imbedded in the heart of Hebrew women, and thus motherhood was highly respected. Among the patriarchs women, and especially mothers, occupy a prominent place. In Rebekah's marriage, her mother seems…
The superiority of the Hebrew over all contemporaneous systems of legislation and of morals is strongly shown in the higher estimation of the mother in the Jewish family, as contrasted with modern Oriental as well as ancient Oriental and classical usage. The king’s mother, as appears in the case of Bath-sheba, was treated with special honor. (Exodus 20:12; Leviticus 19:3; 5:16; 21:18,21; 1 Kings 2:29; Proverbs 10:1; 15:20; 17:25; 29:15; 31:1,30)
The Hebrew words AM and AB, mother and father, are simple and easy sounds for infant lips, like mamma and papa in English. See ABBA. "Before the child shall have knowledge to cry, My father, and My mother," Isa 8:4. In addition to the usual meaning of "mother," AM sometimes signifies in the Bible grandmother, 1Ki 15:10, or some remote female ancestor, Ge 3:20. It is put for a chief city, 2Sa 20:19; for a benefactress, Jud 5:7; for a nation, as in the expressive English phrase, "the mother country," Isa 3:12 49:23. The fond affection of a mother is often referred to in…
קָדַר (qadar) is a Hebrew root meaning to be dark or ashy, often associated with mourning. It covers various forms, including the act of darkening or causing to mourn. The entries indicate uses in different stems, such as Qal for being dark and Hiphil for causing mourning. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
קָדַר vb. be dark (dull-coloured, cf. Ar. Arabic be dirty)
Qal be dark
Hiph.
darken
cause to mourn
Hithp. and the heavens grew dark with clouds.
base
H6937 קָדַר
6937 qadar kaw-dar'
a primitive root; to be ashy, i.e. dark-colored; by
implication, to mourn (in sackcloth or sordid garments):--be
black(-ish), be (make) dark(-en), X heavily, (cause to) mourn.
קָדַר (qa.dar) — be dark.
1) to mourn, be dark
1a) (Qal) to be dark
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to darken
1b2) to cause to mourn
1c) (Hithpael) to grow dark
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
morn'-ing.
See BURIAL; GRIEF.
One marked feature of Oriental mourning is what may be called its studies publicity and the careful observance of the prescribed ceremonies. (Genesis 23:2; Job 1:20; 2:12) Among the particular forms observed the following may be mentioned: (a) Rending the clothes. (Genesis 37:29,34; 44:13) etc. (b) Dressing in sackcloth. (Genesis 37:34; 2 Samuel 3:31; 21:10) etc. (c) Ashes, dust or earth sprinkled on the person. (2 Samuel 13:19; 15:32) etc. (d) Black or sad-colored garments. (2 Samuel 14:2;
The Hebrews, at the death of their friends and relations, made striking demonstrations of grief and mourning. They wept, tore their clothes, smote their breasts, threw dust upon their heads, Jos 7:6, and lay upon the ground, went barefooted, pulled their hair and beards, or cut them, Ezr 9:3 Isa 15:2, and made incisions on their breasts, or tore them with their nails, Le 19:28 21:5 Jer 16:6 48:37. The time of mourning was commonly seven days, 1Sa 31:11-13; but it was lengthened or shortened according to circumstances,
שָׁחַח (shachach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bow or be bowed down. It encompasses actions such as prostrating oneself in homage, crouching like a wild beast, or experiencing despair. The word can be used reflexively or causatively, indicating both the act of bowing and the state of being humbled or cast down.
[שָׁחַח] vb. bow, be bowed down, crouch
Qal
be bowed down, prostrated, humbled
bow in homage
bow, of mourner
crouch, of wild beast in lair
Niph. be prostrated, humbled
Hiph. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.
Hithpō‛. be cast down, despairing
base
H7817 שָׁחַח bow, be bowed down, crouch .. be bowed down, prostrated, humbled
. bow in homage
. bow, of mourner
. crouch, of wild beast in lair
. be prostrated, humbled
. prostrate, lay low, city, walls, etc.
. be cast down, despairing
7817 shachach shaw-khakh'
a primitive root; to sink or depress (reflexive or
causative):--bend, bow (down), bring (cast) down, couch,
humble self, be (bring) low, stoop.
שָׁחַח (sha.chach) — to bow.
1) to bow, crouch, bow down, be bowed down
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be bowed down, be prostrated, be humbled
1a2) to bow (in homage)
1a3) to bow (of mourner)
1a4) to crouch (of wild beast in lair)
1b) (Niphal) to be prostrated, be humbled, be reduced, be weakened, proceed humbly, be bowed down
1c) (Hiphil) to prostrate, lay low, bow down
1d) (Hithpolel) to be cast down, be despairing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singularHVqp1cs