Psalms 31:10 — Word Study
WLCכִּ֤י כָל֪וּ בְיָג֡וֹן חַיַּי֮ וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה כָּשַׁ֣ל בַּעֲוֹנִ֣י כֹחִ֑י וַעֲצָמַ֥י עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃
BSAForkîy are wasting awayʻâshêsh■ [consumed, becoming weak]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| כִּ֤י | for | Particle |
| כָל֪וּ | they have wasted away | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| בְיָג֡וֹן | in sorrow | Preposition, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| חַיַּי֮ | life my | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י | and years my | Conjunction, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה | with groaning | Preposition, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| כָּשַׁ֣ל | it has failed | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| בַּעֲוֹנִ֣י | by iniquity my | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| כֹחִ֑י | strength my | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וַעֲצָמַ֥י | and bones my | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃ | they have wasted away | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | For my life is consumed with grief and my years with groaning; my iniquity has drained my strength, and my bones are wasting away. |
| KJV | For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed. |
| ASV | For my life is spent with sorrow, And my years with sighing: My strength faileth because of mine iniquity, And my bones are wasted away. |
| YLT | For my life hath been consumed in sorrow And my years in sighing. Feeble because of mine iniquity hath been my strength, And my bones have become old. |
| WEB | For my life is spent with sorrow, my years with sighing. My strength fails because of my iniquity. My bones are wasted away. |
| BBE | My life goes on in sorrow, and my years in weeping; my strength is almost gone because of my sin, and my bones are wasted away. |
Translations largely agree on the meaning conveyed in this verse.
The main clause introduces the psalmist's lament, with additional clauses providing reasons for his emotional and physical state.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 31:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament of Sorrowgenerated
Psalm 31:10 is part of a larger lament where the psalmist cries out to God in distress. He details his suffering, indicating that his life is filled with grief and his years are marked by groaning. The verses surrounding this one further illustrate his plight, as he feels forgotten and ridiculed by those around him, emphasizing the depth of his anguish.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 78:33 | So He ended their days in futility, and their years in sudden terror. |
| 2 | Psalm 88:15 | From my youth I was afflicted and near death. I have borne Your terrors; I am in despair. |
| 3 | Psalm 102:3–28 | For my days vanish like smoke, and my bones burn like glowing embers. |
| 4 | Job 3:24 | I sigh when food is put before me, and my groans pour out like water. |
| 5 | Romans 9:2 | I have deep sorrow and unceasing anguish in my heart. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חַיַּי, chai.Yaigenerated
The word חַיַּי (*chaiyai*) means 'my life' and is derived from the root for life or living. It signifies the essence of existence and vitality, often used in contexts that express the physical and spiritual aspects of life.
In this verse, the psalmist uses it to convey how his life is overwhelmed by grief, highlighting the emotional toll that sorrow and sin have taken on him.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is presented in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses consumed and wasting away to reflect the psalmist's deep anguish and physical decline.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains multiple clauses, with the main verb כָל֪וּ (*khalu*) indicating the completion of his life in sorrow. The structure reveals a series of phrases that detail his emotional state and physical condition, emphasizing the interconnectedness of his grief and its effects.
The order of the Hebrew words places emphasis on the psalmist's life and years first, followed by the reasons for his lament, illustrating a flow from personal experience to the consequences of sin.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew terms with ὀφθαλμός and καὶ, indicating a focus on the visual and relational aspects of suffering. This choice may reflect a broader interpretation of the psalmist's anguish, emphasizing the impact of external perceptions on internal distress.
This translation shows a slight widening of the original Hebrew meaning, moving from a personal lament to a more communal understanding of suffering.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 31:10 expresses the psalmist's deep sorrow as he feels overwhelmed by grief and weakened by his sins. He describes how his life is filled with pain and how this affects his physical being, illustrating the connection between emotional distress and physical decline.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The psalmist is expressing that his entire existence feels overwhelmed by sorrow, indicating a profound emotional struggle.
The psalmist suggests that his wrongdoing has drained his strength, illustrating how moral failings can lead to physical and emotional weakness.
The psalmist's expression of sorrow teaches us about the importance of acknowledging our pain and the effects of sin on our lives.
The psalmist feels forgotten and ridiculed, which reflects how personal suffering can lead to feelings of isolation from others.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced sorrow in my life, and how have I dealt with it?
- How can I better understand the connection between my actions and their consequences, particularly in terms of emotional health?
- What steps can I take to support others who are experiencing grief or distress?
- How does this psalm encourage me to bring my struggles before God?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have referenced this psalm to illustrate themes of suffering and humility in the face of distress.
Let your children take part in the instruction that is in Christ, let them learn how powerful with God is humility, how strong is a pure love,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 31 →
"For my life has failed in pain" [Psalms 31:10]. For my life is to confess You, but it failed in pain, when the enemy had said, Let them be tortured until they deny Him.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 31 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 31:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleFor my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing,.... Which shows the continuance of his troubles, and that his whole life had been, as it were, an uninterrupted series of sorrows; my
Read John Gill on Psalms 31 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryFor my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed. For my life ... grief - (Jeremiah 20:18.) My strength ... iniquity.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 31 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy life, i.e. the time of my life, as the next clause explains it. Because of mine iniquity; either through my deep and just sense of my sins, which have provoked God to afflict me in this manner; or for the punishment of mine iniquity, as this word is frequently used. My bones, in which my chief strength lies. Are consumed; the juice and marrow of them being almost dried up with excessive grief.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 31 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 31:10 For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed.Ver. 10. For my life is spent with grief, &c.] Which threateneth the thread of life, and soon snappeth it in sunder, 2 Corinthians 7:10. See Proverbs 17:22; Proverbs 17:25. My strength faileth] So that I stumble and stagger, Psalms 27:2. Because of mine iniquity] Or, my misery; for sin hales misery at the heels of it; and the Scripture often confoundeth the names of the cause and of the effects. And my bones are consumed] Heb. moth eaten.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 31 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) Iniquity.—Gesenius and Ewald understand, the suffering that follows on sin rather than the iniquity itself, a meaning that certainly seems to suit the context better. The LXX. and Vulg. have “poverty.”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 31 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. My life is spent with grief] My life is a life of suffering and distress, and by grief my days are shortened. Grief disturbs the functions of life, prevents the due concoction of food, injures the digestive organs, destroys appetite, impairs the nervous system, relaxes the muscles, induces morbid action in the animal economy, and hastens death. These effects are well expressed in the verse itself. My years with sighing] אנחה anachah. This is a mere natural expression of grief; the very sounds which proceed from a distressed mind; an-ach-ah! common, with little variation, to all nations, and nearly the same in all languages. The och-och-on of the Irish is precisely the same sound…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 31 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. grief] R.V. sorrow, as in Psalms 13:2; Jeremiah 8:18. sighing] Or, groaning, as in Psalms 6:6. my strength &c.] My strength totters because of mine Iniquity, and my bones are wasted away. There was then some sin which called for chastisement, or required the discipline of suffering. But the LXX, Syr., and Symmachus read affliction instead of iniquity. With the last clause cp. Psalms 6:2 (note); Psalms 32:3.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 31 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleFor my life is spent with grief - The word here rendered “spent” does not mean merely “passed,” as it is commonly now used, as when we say we “spent” our time at such a place, or in such a manner,
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 31 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
For my life is consumed with grief and my years with groaning; my iniquity has drained my strength, and my bones are wasting away.
For my life is spent with sorrow, my years with sighing. My strength fails because of my iniquity. My bones are wasted away.
For my life is consumed with grief and my years with groaning; my iniquity has drained my strength, and my bones are wasting away.
For my life nears its end in pain; my years draw to a close as I groan. My strength fails me because of my sin, and my bones become brittle.
Tyndale line
For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are consumed.
For my life is spent with sorrow, And my years with sighing: My strength faileth because of mine iniquity, And my bones are wasted away.
For my life is spent with sorrow, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of mine iniquity, and my bones are wasted away.
For my life is spent with grief, and my years with sighing: my strength faileth because of my iniquity, and my bones are consumed.
For my life is wasted with heauinesse, and my yeeres with mourning: my strength faileth for my paine, and my bones are consumed.
Strictly literal
For my life is spent with sorrow, and my years with sighing; my strength faileth through mine iniquity, and my bones are wasted.
For my life hath been consumed in sorrow And my years in sighing. Feeble because of mine iniquity hath been my strength, And my bones have become old.
For my life has been consumed in sorrow || And my years in sighing. My strength has been feeble because of my iniquity, || And my bones have become old.
(31:11) For my life is spent with sorrow, and my years with sighing, my strength faileth because of my iniquity, and my bones are consumed.
For my life is weary with sorrow and my years with groaning. My strength fails because of my sin, and my bones are wasting away.
From the Latin
Many are the scourges of the sinner, but mercy shall encompass him that hopeth in the Lord.
Simplified
Grief is killing me; my life is cut short by sadness; I am falling apart because of my troubles; I am worn to the bone.
My life goes on in sorrow, and my years in weeping; my strength is almost gone because of my sin, and my bones are wasted away.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Septuagint, with eight out of eleven words matching. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment also contains significant portions of the verse, indicating that the core message of the psalm has been preserved across different textual traditions.
כִּ֤י כָל֪וּ בְיָג֡וֹן חַיַּי֮ וּשְׁנוֹתַ֪י בַּאֲנָ֫חָ֥ה כָּשַׁ֣ל בַּעֲוֹנִ֣י כֹחִ֑י וַעֲצָמַ֥י עָשֵֽׁשׁוּ׃
8 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
חנ׳ני יהוה כי צר ל׳י [עששה] [בכעס] [עינ׳י] נפש׳י ובטנ׳י
10 words of the verse are on this fragment — 3 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 31:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
The Hebrew word כָּלָה (*kalah*) is a primitive root meaning to end or finish. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to complete, accomplish, perish, and destroy. The entries indicate various uses in both intransitive and transitive forms, covering actions like finishing a task or causing something to cease. Notably, it can also imply negative connotations, such as plotting or destruction.
כָּלָה 204 vb. be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent
Qal
be complete, at an end, of a period of time
be completed, finished, of a work
be accomplished, fulfilled
be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted
be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water
waste away, be exhausted, fail
come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed
Pi.
complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.
complete a period of time
finish doing a thing
make an end, end
accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass
accomplish in thought, determine
put an end to, cause to cease
cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend
destroy, sts. exterminate
base
H3615 כָּלָה be complete, at an end, finished, accomplished, spent .. . be complete, at an end, of a period of time
. be completed, finished, of a work
. be accomplished, fulfilled
. be idealy complete, be determined, always in a bad sense, plotted
. . be spent, used up (prop. come to an end), of water
. waste away, be exhausted, fail
. come to an end, vanish = perish, be destroyed
. . . complete, bring to an end, finish, a thing, task, work, etc.
. complete a period of time
. finish doing a thing
. make an end, end
. accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass
. accomplish in thought, determine
. . put an end to, cause to cease
. cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend
. destroy, sts. exterminate
3615 kalah kaw-law'
a primitive root; to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be
finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare,
consume):--accomplish, cease, consume (away), determine,
destroy (utterly), be (when ... were) done, (be an) end (of),
expire, (cause to) fail, faint, finish, fulfil, X fully, X
have, leave (off), long, bring to pass, wholly reap, make
clean riddance, spend, quite take away, waste.
כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: finish.
: finish
1) to accomplish, cease, consume, determine, end, fail, finish, be complete, be accomplished, be ended, be at an end, be finished, be spent
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be complete, be at an end
1a2) to be completed, be finished
1a3) to be accomplished, be fulfilled
1a4) to be determined, be plotted (bad sense)
1a5) to be spent, be used up
1a6) to waste away, be exhausted, fail
1a7) to come to an end, vanish, perish, be destroyed
1b) (Piel)
1b1) to complete, bring to an end, finish
1b2) to complete (a period of time)
1b3) to finish (doing a thing)
1b4) to make an end, end
1b5) to accomplish, fulfil, bring to pass
1b6) to accomplish, determine (in thought)
1b7) to put an end to, cause to cease
1b8) to cause to fail, exhaust, use up, spend
1b9) to destroy, exterminate
1c) (Pual) to be finished, be ended, be completed
כָּלָה (ka.lah) — to end: destroy.
: destroy
HVqp3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
יָגוֹן (yagown) refers to grief or sorrow, encompassing feelings of anguish and affliction. It is derived from the root word for affliction, יָגוֹן is used in contexts related to emotional pain and distress.
יָגוֹן n.[m.] grief, sorrow
base
H3015 יָגוֹן grief, sorrow
3015 yagown yaw-gohn'
from 3013; affliction:--grief, sorrow.
see HEBREW for 03013
יָגוֹן (ya.gon) — sorrow.
grief, sorrow, anguish
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absoluteHR/Ncmsa
sor'-o (chebhel, yaghon, makh'obh, etc.; lupe): The Old Testament has very many words translated "sorrow," those named being the most frequent; in the New Testament "sorrow" is usually the translation of lupe (Lu 22:45; Joh 16:6; 2Co 2:3,7, etc.). Penthos, translated "sorrow" in Re 18:7; 21:4, is in the Revised Version (British and American) "mourning." Odune, of pain-and distress, is thus rendered in Ro 9:2; 1Ti 6:10 (compare the verb in Lu 2:48; Ac 20:38). the…
→ God takes notice
Of Hagar' s Ge 21:17-20
Of the Israelites Ex 3:7-10
→ For sin 2Co 7:10,11
→ See REPENTANCE
→ See SIN, CONFESSION OF
→ No sorrow in heaven Re 21:4
→ “Sorrow and sighing will flee away,” Isa 35:10
→ Of Hannah 1Sa 1:15
→ Of David for Absalom 2Sa 18:33; 19:1-8
→ Of Mary and Martha Joh 11:19-40
→ Of Jeremiah La 1:12
The Hebrew word חַי (*chay*) means 'alive' or 'living' and covers a range of meanings related to life, including living beings, vitality, and freshness. It can refer to God, animals, vegetation, and even concepts like appetite and community. Variants include חַיָּה (*chayyah*), meaning 'living thing' or 'animal,' and חַיִּים (*chayim*), which emphasizes life and sustenance.
חַי adj. alive, living
of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
of man
of animals, alive, living
animals and man
(dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
of water, fresh
(dub.) lively, active
reviving
base
[חַי] n.[m.] kinsfolk, pl. sf. 1 S 18:18
ref
חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal
animal
in general
wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
living beings, of the cherubic chariot
life, only in late poetry
appetite, activity of hunger
revival, renewal
base
חַיָּה n.f. community
base
חַיִּים n.m. pl. abstr. emph. life
life: physical
life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
sustenance, maintenance
base
H2416a חַי alive, living . . of God, as the living one, the fountain of life
. of man
. of animals, alive, living
. animals and man
. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green
. of water, fresh
. (dub.) lively, active
. reviving
H2416b חַי kinsfolk H2416c חַיָּה living thing, animal . animal . in general
. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity
. living beings, of the cherubic chariot
. life, only in late poetry
. appetite, activity of hunger
. revival, renewal
H2416d חַיָּה community H2416e חַיִּים pl. abstr. emph. life . life: physical
. life: as welfare and happiness in king's presence
. sustenance, maintenance
2416 chay khah'-ee
from 2421; alive; hence, raw (flesh); fresh (plant, water,
year), strong; also (as noun, especially in the feminine
singular and masculine plural) life (or living thing), whether
literally or figuratively:--+ age, alive, appetite, (wild)
beast, company, congregation, life(-time), live(-ly), living
(creature, thing), maintenance, + merry, multitude, + (be)
old, quick, raw, running, springing, troop.
see HEBREW for 02421
חַי (chay) — alive.
adj
1) living, alive
1a) green (of vegetation)
1b) flowing, fresh (of water)
1c) lively, active (of man)
1d) reviving (of the springtime)
Aramaic equivalent: chay (חַי "living" H2417)
חַי (chay) — kinsfolk.
kinsfolk
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — living thing.
1) living thing, animal
1a) animal
1b) life
1c) appetite
1d) revival, renewal
Aramaic equivalent: che.va (חֵיוָא "beast" H2423)
חַיָּה (chay.yah) — community.
community
חַיִּים (chay.yim) — life.
1) life (abstract emphatic)
1a) life
1b) sustenance, maintenance
HNcmpc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bs
שָׁנָה (shaneh) means 'year' and is derived from the root meaning to change or revolve. It encompasses various aspects of time, including divisions of time, measures of age, and even a lifetime. The Aramaic equivalent is שְׁנָה (she.nah), also meaning 'year'.
שָׁנָה 877 n.f. year (etym. v. √[v.ek.aa])
base
H8141 שָׁנָה year (etym. v. √[8138a])
8141 shaneh shaw-neh'
(in plura or (feminine) shanah {shaw-naw'}; from 8138; a year
(as a revolution of time):--+ whole age, X long, + old,
year(X -ly).
see HEBREW for 08138
שָׁנָה (sha.neh) — year.
1) year
1a) as division of time
1b) as measure of time
1c) as indication of age
1d) a lifetime (of years of life)
Aramaic equivalent: she.nah (שְׁנָה "year" H8140)
HC/Ncfpc/Sp1bs — Conjunction · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncfpc/Sp1bs
אֲנָחָה (anachah) refers to sighing or groaning, often associated with expressions of grief or physical distress. The term appears in poetic and late contexts, and its usage encompasses both mournful and general sighing. There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons regarding its meaning.
אֲנָחָה n.f. sighing, groaning (poet. & late)
base
H585 אֲנָחָה sighing, groaning (poet. & late)
585 'anachah an-aw-khaw'
from 585; sighing:--groaning, mourn, sigh.
see HEBREW for 0585
אֲנָחָה (a.na.chah) — sighing.
sighing, groaning (expression of grief or physical distress)
HR/Ncfsa — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absoluteHR/Ncfsa
כָּשַׁל (kashal) means to stumble or totter, often due to weakness. It can refer to physical stumbling, as well as metaphorical weakness or failure. The verb has various forms, including causing others to stumble or making them weak. The entries suggest a range of meanings from literal stumbling to broader implications of ruin and weakness.
כָּשַׁל vb. stumble, stagger, totter
Qal
stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)
totter
Niph.
stumble
be tottering, feeble
Pi. only apparent
Hiph.
cause to stumble
make feeble, weak
Hoph. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee
base
H3782 כָּשַׁל stumble, stagger, totter .. stumble at, over, something (lit. by means of)
. totter
. . stumble
. be tottering, feeble
. only apparent
. . cause to stumble
. make feeble, weak
. either and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such, or and let them be ones overthrown before thee
3782 kashal kaw-shal'
a primitive root; to totter or waver (through weakness of the
legs, especially the ankle); by implication, to falter,
stumble, faint or fall:--bereave (from the margin), cast down,
be decayed, (cause to) fail, (cause, make to) fall
(down, -ing), feeble, be (the) ruin(-ed, of), (be) overthrown,
(cause to) stumble, X utterly, be weak.
כָּשַׁל (ka.shal) — to stumble.
1) to stumble, stagger, totter
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stumble
1a2) to totter
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to stumble
1b2) to be tottering, be feeble
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to stumble, bring injury or ruin to, overthrow
1c2) to make feeble, make weak
1d) (Hophal) to be made to stumble
1e) (Piel) bereave
HVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
עָוֹן (avon) refers to iniquity, guilt, or the punishment associated with iniquity. It encompasses concepts of moral evil, such as perversity and depravity, and includes the consequences or punishment for these actions. The term appears in contexts like 2 Kings 7:9 and Psalm 51:5, highlighting its significance in discussions of sin and guilt.
עָוֹן n.m. iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity
base
H5771 עָוֹן iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity
5771 `avon aw-vone'
or oavown (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (7)) {aw-vone'}; from
5753; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil:--fault, iniquity,
mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.
see HEBREW for 07
see HEBREW for 05753
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: crime.
: crime
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: guilt.
: guilt
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: punishment.
: punishment
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
כֹּחַ (koach) refers to both a small reptile, likely a type of lizard, and the concepts of strength and power. The entries highlight its use in contexts of human and divine strength, as well as its association with wealth and capacity. Notably, it appears in Leviticus 11:30 regarding unclean animals.
כֹּחַ n.[m.] a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things Lv 11:30; chameleon
ref
כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ n.m. strength, power
base
H3581a כֹּחַ a small reptile, prob. a kind of lizard, in list of unclean creeping things; chameleon H3581b כֹּחַ and כּוֹחַ strength, power
3581 koach ko'-akh
or (Dan. 11:6) kowach {ko'-akh}; from an unused root meaning
to be firm; vigor, literally (force, in a good or a bad sense)
or figuratively (capacity, means, produce); also (from its
hardiness) a large lizard: -ability, able, chameleon, force,
fruits, might, power(-ful), strength, substance, wealth.
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — reptile.
1) a small reptile, probably a kind of lizard, which is unclean
1a) perhaps an extinct animal, exact meaning is unknown
כֹּחַ (ko.ach) — strength.
1) strength, power, might
1a) human strength
1b) strength (of angels)
1c) power (of God)
1d) strength (of animals)
1e) strength, produce, wealth (of soil)
HNcmsc/Sp1bs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp1bs
עֶ֫צֶם (etsem) primarily means 'bone' but extends to concepts of substance and self. It can refer to the physical body, limbs, or essence. The word is derived from a root related to strength, indicating a connection between physicality and identity.
עֶ֫צֶם 125 n.f. bone, substance, self
base
H6106 עֶ֫צֶם bone, substance, self
6106 `etsem eh'tsem
from 6105; a bone (as strong); by extension, the body;
figuratively, the substance, i.e. (as pron.) selfsame:--body,
bone, X life, (self-)same, strength, X very.
see HEBREW for 06105
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone.
: bone/limb
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: same.
: same/very
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
עֶ֫צֶם (e.tsem) — bone: body.
: body
1) bone, essence, substance
1a) bone
1a1) body, limbs, members, external body
1b) bone (of animal)
1c) substance, self
HC/Ncmpc/Sp1bs — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp1bs
עָשֵׁשׁ (ashesh) is a Hebrew word that means to waste away or fail. It is a primitive root that conveys the idea of shrinking or being consumed. The entries consistently focus on the notion of deterioration or decline.
[עָשֵׁשׁ] waste away
base
H6244 [עָשֵׁשׁ] waste away
6244 `ashesh aw-shaysh'
a primitive root; probably to shrink, i.e. fail:--be
consumed.
עָשֵׁשׁ (a.shesh) — to waste.
(Qal) to waste away, fail
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp