Psalms 28:4 — Word Study
WLCתֶּן־ לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃
BSARepaynâthan according to their deedspôʻal [works, actions] and for their worksmaʻălâl of evilrôaʻ [wickedness, morally bad actions] Repaynâthan for what their handsyâd [power, strength] have donemaʻăseh bring backshûwb what they deservegᵉmûwl [their recompense, reward]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| תֶּן־ | requite | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| לָהֶ֣ם | to them | Preposition, suffix |
| כְּפָעֳלָם֮ | according to work their | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וּכְרֹ֪עַ | and according to [the] wickedness of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם | deeds their | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה | according to [the] work of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| יְ֭דֵיהֶם | hands their | Noun common both dual construct, suffix |
| תֵּ֣ן | requite | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| לָהֶ֑ם | to them | Preposition, suffix |
| הָשֵׁ֖ב | repay | Verb, Hiphil, imperative second person masculine singular |
| גְּמוּלָ֣ם | recompense their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לָהֶֽם׃ | to them | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Repay them according to their deeds and for their works of evil. Repay them for what their hands have done; bring back on them what they deserve. |
| KJV | Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert. |
| ASV | Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings: Give them after the operation of their hands; Render to them their desert. |
| YLT | Give to them according to their acting, And according to the evil of their doings. According to the work of their hands give to them. Return their deed to them. |
| WEB | Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings. Give them according to the operation of their hands. Bring back on them what they deserve. |
| BBE | Give them the right reward of their acts, and of their evil doings: give them punishment for the works of their hands, let them have their full reward. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, particularly regarding the concept of recompense.
The main clause is supported by additional phrases that specify the basis for the psalmist's requests.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָתַן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 28:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Plea for Justicegenerated
Psalms 28:4 expresses a heartfelt plea from the psalmist for God to enact justice on the wicked. The surrounding verses highlight the contrast between the righteous and the wicked, emphasizing the psalmist's desire for divine retribution against those who do evil. This theme of justice is echoed throughout the Psalms, where the righteous often seek God's intervention against their adversaries.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 5:10 | Declare them guilty, O God; let them fall by their own devices. Drive them out for their many transgressions, for they have rebelled against You. |
| 2 | Psalm 59:12–13 | By the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips, let them be trapped in their pride, in the curses and lies they utter. |
| 3 | Psalm 69:22–24 | May their table become a snare; may it be a retribution and a trap. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 18:21–23 | Therefore, hand their children over to famine; pour out the power of the sword upon them. Let their wives become childless and widowed; let their husbands be slain by disease, their young men struck down by the sword in battle. |
| 5 | 2 Timothy 4:14 | Alexander the coppersmith did great harm to me. The Lord will repay him according to his deeds. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 16 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — גְּמוּלָ֣ם, ge.mu.Lamgenerated
The word גְּמוּל (gmuwl) refers to recompense or reward, indicating a return for actions taken. It encompasses the idea of receiving what one deserves, whether good or bad, and is often used in contexts of justice and moral accountability.
In this verse, it emphasizes the psalmist's request for God to give the wicked what they deserve for their actions, reinforcing the principle of divine justice.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term recompense.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around three main verbs: תֶּן (ten), תֵּן (ten), and הָשֵׁ֖ב (ha.Shev), which govern the requests made to God. The psalmist employs a series of prepositional phrases to specify the basis for these requests.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the actions of the wicked and the corresponding divine response, with the verbs leading the structure to highlight the urgency of the plea.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates תֶּן as δὸς and הָשֵׁ֖ב as ἀπόδος, indicating a direct call for God to give and return justice. This choice reflects a clear demand for action from God in response to the wicked's deeds.
The Greek terms used in the Septuagint align closely with the Hebrew meanings, maintaining the focus on justice and recompense.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 28:4 is a plea for God to repay the wicked according to their evil deeds. The psalmist asks for justice, calling on God to respond to the actions of those who do wrong, emphasizing the importance of divine retribution.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The psalmist is requesting that God enact justice on those who commit evil, ensuring that they receive what they deserve for their actions.
Recompense highlights the moral principle that actions have consequences, and it reflects the psalmist's belief in God's justice.
This verse fits within a broader theme in the Psalms where the righteous seek God's intervention against the wicked, emphasizing the contrast between good and evil.
The psalmist's plea reminds us of the importance of seeking justice and accountability, trusting that God will address wrongdoing.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see justice being served in my life or community?
- How can I respond to wrongdoing in a way that aligns with seeking justice?
- What does it mean for me to trust in God's timing for justice?
- How can I ensure that my own actions reflect righteousness rather than wickedness?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators like Jerome and Augustine reflect on the themes of justice and recompense in this verse, emphasizing the moral implications of the psalmist's plea.
Because they do not understand through blessings, they will understand through suffering.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 28 →
"Give unto them according to their works" [Psalms 28:4]. Give unto them according to their works, for this is just.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 28 →
Let no one think, however, that the righteous person is cursing his enemies: the words are a mark not of cursing but of a just verdict.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 28 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 28:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleGive them according to their deeds,.... According to the demerit of them, which is death, even death eternal; and according to the wickedness of their endeavours; for though wicked men do not always
Read John Gill on Psalms 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryGive them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert. Give them. "Them:" the wicked, enemies.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 28 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDavid useth these imprecations, partly, to vindicate himself from the slanders of his enemies, who reported him to be as wicked as they were, only more close and cunning therein; which, if he had been, he had bitterly cursed himself; which it could not reasonably be presumed that he would do; partly, from his great and long experience of their implacable and incorrigible malignity, not only against him, but against God, and his declared will, and against all truly good men, and that covered with pretences of piety to God, and of peaceableness towards their neighbours, , which made their wickedness more inexcusable and detestable; partly, by the instinct and direction of God’ s Spirit, by…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 28 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 28:4 Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.Ver. 4. Give them according to their deeds] God loveth to retaliate; and David, out of a public and prophetic spirit (not from private revenge, or troubled affections), taketh thus upon him to imprecate. And according to the wickedness of their endeavours] They were therefore old, habituated, irreclaimable sinners whom he thus cursed, and against such this and such like imprecations are still in force. Give them after the works of their hands] Because they regard not the works of thine hands, Psalms 28:5. Par pari, saith…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) Give them according to their deeds.—The justice of the lex talionis was deeply impressed on the mind of Israel, and we need not wonder to find its enforcement made the subject of prayer. A general notice of the imprecations of the Psalms will be found in the General Introduction (VI.). Here it is enough to remark that there is no indication of personal animosity or vindictiveness. The poet, even if expressing his own feelings, was identified with devout Israel, to whom it was natural not only to expect from Jehovah the manifestation of judgment which could alone remove the conditions that were so unfavourable to the true religion, but also to pray that He would at the same time…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 28 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. Give them] Is the same as thou wilt give them; a prophetic declaration of what their lot will be.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 28 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. Give them according to their work, And according to the evil of their doings: Give them according to the operation of their hands. This is not a vindictive craving for personal revenge, but a solemn prayer that Jehovah will openly convict false and wicked men by manifesting His righteous judgements upon them, and punishing them as they deserve. See Introd. p. xc. Give] Of a judicial sentence. Cp. Hosea 9:14; Jeremiah 32:19. their desert] The word denotes an action either good or bad, and its fitting reward.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 28 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleGive them according to their deeds - Deal righteously with them. Recompense them as they deserve. And according to the wickedness of their endeavours - Their designs; their works; their plans.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Repay them according to their deeds and for their works of evil. Repay them for what their hands have done; bring back on them what they deserve.
Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings. Give them according to the operation of their hands. Bring back on them what they deserve.
Repay them according to their deeds and for their works of evil. Repay them for what their hands have done; bring back on them what they deserve.
Pay them back for their evil deeds! Pay them back for what they do! Punish them!
Tyndale line
Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavours: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.
Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings: Give them after the operation of their hands; Render to them their desert.
Give them according to their work, and according to the wickedness of their doings: give them after the operation of their hands; render to them their desert.
Give them according to their deeds, and according to the wickedness of their endeavors: give them after the work of their hands; render to them their desert.
Reward them according to their deedes, and according to the wickednes of their inuentions: recompense them after the woorke of their handes: render them their reward.
Strictly literal
Give them according to their doing, and according to the wickedness of their deeds; give them after the work of their hands, render to them their desert.
Give to them according to their acting, And according to the evil of their doings. According to the work of their hands give to them. Return their deed to them.
Give to them according to their acting, || And according to the evil of their doings. Give to them according to the work of their hands. Return their deed to them.
Give unto them according to their doing, and according to the evil of their deeds; according to the work of their hands do thou give unto them: bestow their [just] recompense on them.
Give them what their deeds deserve and repay them what their wickedness demands, repay them for the work of their hands and render to them their due.
From the Latin
The voice of the Lord is in power; the voice of the Lord in magnificence.
Simplified
Give them what they deserve for their evil actions. Pay them back for what they've done. Give them the reward they've earned!
Give them the right reward of their acts, and of their evil doings: give them punishment for the works of their hands, let them have their full reward.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it is traditionally understood, while the Septuagint closely matches in meaning, with only minor differences in word order. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, indicating the verse's preservation through history.
תֶּן־ לָהֶ֣ם כְּפָעֳלָם֮ וּכְרֹ֪עַ מַֽעַלְלֵ֫יהֶ֥ם כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְ֭דֵיהֶם תֵּ֣ן לָהֶ֑ם הָשֵׁ֖ב גְּמוּלָ֣ם לָהֶֽם׃
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[תן] ל׳הם [כפעל׳ם] [וכרע] [מעללי׳הם] [כמעשה] ידי׳הם [תן] [ל׳הם] [השב] [גמול׳ם] [ל׳הם]
1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 28:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
פֹּ֫עַל (po'al) refers to an act or work, encompassing meanings like deed, thing done, and wages of work. It is noted as poetic and late in usage. The word is built from the root associated with action, and it can also imply acquisition, particularly of treasures.
פֹּ֫עַל 37 n.m. doing, deed, work (poet. and late)
deed, thing done
work, thing made
wages of work
acquisition of treasures
base
H6467 פֹּ֫עַל doing, deed, work (poet. and late)
6467 po`al po'-al
from 6466; an act or work (concretely):--act, deed, do,
getting, maker, work.
see HEBREW for 06466
פֹּ֫עַל (po.al) — work.
1) work, deed, doing
1a) deed, thing done
1b) work, thing made
1c) wages of work
1d) acquisition (of treasure)
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp3mp
רֹעַ (roa`) refers to badness or evil, covering both moral and physical aspects. It can denote qualities like wilfulness and sadness, as well as the badness of cattle. The entries consistently emphasize its ethical implications, with no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
רֹעַ n.[m.] badness, evil
badness, bad quality, of cattle
wilfulness
ethical, evil, badness
sadness
base
H7455 רֹעַ badness, evil . badness, bad quality, of cattle
. wilfulness
. ethical, evil, badness
. sadness
7455 roa` ro'-ah
from 7489; badness (as marring), physically or morally:--X
be so bad, badness, (X be so) evil, naughtiness, sadness,
sorrow, wickedness.
see HEBREW for 07489
רֹעַ (ro.a) — evil.
1) badness, evil
1a) badness, bad quality
1b) wilfulness
1c) evil, badness (ethical)
1d) sadness
Conj | Prep | N-ms — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHC/R/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַעֲלָל (ma`alal) refers to a deed or practice, often with a negative connotation. It encompasses actions or works, whether good or bad, and is derived from a root meaning to act. The entries consistently highlight its focus on deeds and practices.
[מַעֲלָל] 41 n.m. deed, practice
base
H4611 מַעֲלָל deed, practice
4611 ma`alal mah-al-awl'
from 5953; an act (good or bad):--doing, endeavour,
invention, work.
see HEBREW for 05953
מַעֲלָל (ma.a.lal) — deed.
1) deed, practice
1a) practice (usually bad)
1b) deeds
1c) acts
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3mp
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma`aseh) means deed or work, encompassing a range of actions from good to bad, and includes concepts like business, labor, and products made. It can refer to specific achievements, works of God, or even customs. The entries suggest a broad application in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
מַעֲשֶׂה 233 n.m. deed, work
base
H4639 מַעֲשֶׂה deed, work
4639 ma`aseh mah-as-eh'
from 6213; an action (good or bad); generally, a transaction;
abstractly, activity; by implication, a product (specifically,
a poem) or (generally) property:--act, art, + bakemeat,
business, deed, do(-ing), labor, thing made, ware of making,
occupation, thing offered, operation, possession, X well,
((handy-, needle-, net-))work(ing, - manship), wrought.
see HEBREW for 06213
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: work.
: work/product
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: justice.
: justice/right/righteousness
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: judgement.
: judgement/punishment
1) deed, work
1a) deed, thing done, act
1b) work, labour
1c) business, pursuit
1d) undertaking, enterprise
1e) achievement
1f) deeds, works (of deliverance and judgment)
1g) work, thing made
1h) work (of God)
1i) product
מַעֲשֶׂה (ma.a.seh) — deed: custom.
: custom/manner
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יָד (yad) means 'hand' and can also refer to strength or power in a figurative sense. It encompasses various technical uses, such as a sign or monument, parts or shares, and even specific components in construction, like axle-trees and supports for the laver. The word is versatile, appearing in both literal and metaphorical contexts.
יָד 1604 n.f. hand
hand
Fig. = strength, power
Fig. = side
יָד is used in various special, technical senses:—
sign, monument
part, fractional part or share
time, repetition
axle-trees
stays, supports for laver
tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
a (beckoning) hand
יַד with prep.
base
H3027 יָד hand . hand
. Fig. = strength, power
. Fig. = side
. יָד is used in various special, technical senses:— . sign, monument
. part, fractional part or share
. time, repetition
. axle-trees
. stays, supports for laver
. tenons on sides of boards of tabernacle
. a (beckoning) hand
. יַד with prep.
3027 yad yawd
a primitive word; a hand (the open one (indicating power,
means, direction, etc.), in distinction from 3709, the closed
one); used (as noun, adverb, etc.) in a great variety of
applications, both literally and figuratively, both proximate
and remote (as follows):--(+ be) able, X about, + armholes,
at, axletree, because of, beside, border, X bounty, + broad,
(broken-)handed, X by, charge, coast, + consecrate, +
creditor, custody, debt, dominion, X enough, + fellowship,
force, X from, hand(-staves, -y work), X he, himself, X in,
labour, + large, ledge, (left-)handed, means, X mine,
ministry, near, X of, X order, ordinance, X our, parts, pain,
power, X presumptuously, service, side, sore, state, stay,
draw with strength, stroke, + swear, terror, X thee, X by
them, X themselves, X thine own, X thou, through, X throwing,
+ thumb, times, X to, X under, X us, X wait on, (way-)side,
יָד (yad) — hand.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: power.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
1c) side (of land), part, portion (metaph.) (fig.)
1d) (various special, technical senses)
1d1) sign, monument
1d2) part, fractional part, share
1d3) time, repetition
1d4) axle-trees, axle
1d5) stays, support (for laver)
1d6) tenons (in tabernacle)
1d7) a phallus, a hand (meaning unsure)
1d8) wrists
יָד (yad) — hand: themselves.
: hand/arm[anatomy]
1) hand
1a) hand (of man)
1b) strength, power (fig.)
N-cd | Suff — Noun common both dual construct · suffixHNcbdc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine singularHVhv2ms
גְּמוּל (gmuwl) refers to dealing, recompense, or benefit, encompassing acts of good or ill and implying service or requital. It is built from the root meaning treatment or act, and covers concepts of reward and deserving. The term appears in contexts related to how one has been treated or compensated.
גְּמוּל n.m. dealing, recompense, benefit
base
H1576 גְּמוּל dealing, recompense, benefit
1576 gmuwl ghem-ool'
from 1580; treatment, i.e. an act (of good or ill); by
implication, service or requital:--+ as hast served, benefit,
desert, deserving, that which he hath given, recompense,
reward.
see HEBREW for 01580
גְּמוּל (ge.mul) — recompense.
1) dealing, recompense, benefit
1a) dealing (of one's hand)
1b) recompense
1c) benefit
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
הֶם (hem) — them.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3mp
