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Psalms 26:5 — Word Study

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WLCשָׂ֭נֵאתִי קְהַ֣ל מְרֵעִ֑ים וְעִם־ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים לֹ֣א אֵשֵֽׁב׃

BSAI hatesânêʼ [intensely dislike, feel hostility towards] the mobqâhâl [assembly, group] of evildoersrâʻaʻ [those who do evil, wicked ones] and refuselôʼ [will not, decline] to sityâshab [dwell, remain] withʻim [together, in company] the wickedrâshâʻ [morally wrong, guilty of sin]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 26
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('e.Shev) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 26:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses strong hatred for the assembly of evildoers and refuses to associate with the wicked.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, likely David, articulating his moral stance.
Where we areIn a reflection on personal integrity and separation from evil.
The hard wordשָׂנֵאתִי
Take awayThe psalmist's clear rejection of evil company.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbשָׂנֵא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 26:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Declaration of Integritygenerated

4I do not sit with deceitful men, nor keep company with hypocrites.
5I hate the mob of evildoers, and refuse to sit with the wicked.
6I wash my hands in innocence that I may go about Your altar, O LORD,
7to raise my voice in thanksgiving and declare all Your wonderful works.

Psalm 26:5 reflects the psalmist's commitment to righteousness and his disdain for those who engage in evil. This verse emphasizes a moral separation from wickedness, aligning with the broader themes of the psalm that focus on purity and integrity, as seen in the surrounding verses, including Psalm 26:4 and Psalm 26:6.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 31:6I hate those who cling to worthless idols, but in the LORD I trust.
2Psalm 101:3–8I will set no worthless thing before my eyes. I hate the work of those who fall away; it shall not cling to me.
3Psalm 139:21–22Do I not hate those who hate You, O LORD, and detest those who rise against You?
4Psalm 1:1Blessed is the man who does not walk in the counsel of the wicked, or set foot on the path of sinners, or sit in the seat of mockers.
5Matthew 9:11–12When the Pharisees saw this, they asked His disciples, “Why does your Teacher eat with tax collectors and sinners?”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שָׂנֵאתִי, Sa.ne.tigenerated

The verb שָׂנֵא (sane') is a perfect first person common singular form meaning 'I hate.' It conveys a strong emotional response, indicating intense dislike or hostility towards a group, in this case, the assembly of evildoers.

This term captures the psalmist's moral stance against wickedness, highlighting a clear division between the righteous and the wicked. The use of the first person emphasizes personal conviction and the seriousness of the psalmist's feelings.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Translations generally agree on the meaning of שָׂנֵאתִי as 'I hate,' reflecting the psalmist's strong feelings.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb שָׂ֭נֵאתִי governs the sentence, with two phrases following: a noun phrase describing the object of hatred and a prepositional phrase indicating the psalmist's refusal to associate with the wicked.

The structure emphasizes the psalmist's strong emotional response and moral clarity, with the verb leading the declaration of his stance.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שָׂנֵאתִי as ἐμίσησα, which also means 'I hated.' This choice maintains the intensity of the psalmist's feelings.

The term ἐκκλησίαν for קְהַ֣ל indicates a formal assembly, aligning with the communal aspect of the original Hebrew context.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 26:5 shows the psalmist's strong feelings against evil-doers and his refusal to be with the wicked. This highlights a commitment to righteousness and a desire to separate from those who do wrong.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by hating the assembly of evildoers?

The psalmist expresses a strong moral stance against those who engage in wickedness, indicating a desire to distance himself from their actions.

Why is the refusal to sit with the wicked significant?

This refusal signifies a commitment to integrity and a rejection of immoral behavior, emphasizing the importance of choosing one's companions wisely.

How does this verse reflect the psalmist's character?

The verse reveals the psalmist's dedication to righteousness and his strong feelings against moral corruption, showcasing his desire for purity.

What can we learn from the psalmist's declaration?

We can learn the importance of standing firm against evil and the value of surrounding ourselves with those who uphold moral integrity.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I actively distance myself from negative influences in my life?
  2. How can I cultivate a community that reflects values of righteousness and integrity?
  3. What steps can I take to ensure that my actions align with my beliefs, as the psalmist demonstrates?
  4. How does my understanding of evil influence my relationships and choices?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators reflect on this verse's moral implications, arguing from it to highlight the importance of rejecting evil company.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 26 354–430
"I have hated the congregation of evil doers." But to arrive at this council of vanity, congregations of evil doers are formed, which I have hated.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →
Caesarius of ArlesSERMON 238:2 c. 470–542
Do not be malicious toward one another, for the Lord detests this vice, as he says: “I hate the assembly of evildoers.” Let us, then, amend vices of the flesh, dearly beloved, for the sake of beauty of soul,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →
CassiodorusEXPLANATION OF THE Psalms 26:5 c. 485–585
It would have been a lesser thing for a holy person to have avoided the wicked council if he had also hated the assembly of those who are deceptive in every way. Hatred indicates division, just as there is cooperation in love.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 26 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 26:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I have hated the congregation of evildoers,.... That do harm to the persons, characters, or properties of men; and who meet together in bodies, to consult and form schemes to do mischief, and have

Read John Gill on Psalms 26 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked. Congregation of evil-doers - i:e., their meetings for mischief.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 26 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

The congregation of evil-doers; either, 1. Their whole rank or society. I have an antipathy against all such persons, without any exception. Or, 2. To meet and join with them in their assemblies and consultations, or sit with them, as it follows.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 26 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 26:5 I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked.Ver. 5. I have hated the congregation of evildoers] The Church malignant, whose lives are a mystery of iniquity, as Josephus saith of Antipater; qui omnia turbant et miscent, tantum ut ipsi crescere possint, as Aristophanes saith of Cleon; care not whom they ruin, so they may raise themselves, nor what mischief they work to others, so they may drive on their own sinful designs. Luther said of the monks in Germany, that they were so bad, tam desperatae malitiae, ut nihil cogitent quod non idem patrare ausint, that they would stick at no villany whatsoever. David held it a hell to be in company with such…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 26 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Evil doers.—With idea of violence; from a root meaning to break in pieces.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 26 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. I have hated the congregation of evil doers] I have never made one in the crowds of discontented persons; persons who, under pretense of rectifying what was wrong in the state, strove to subvert it, to breed general confusion, to overturn the laws, seize on private property, and enrich themselves by the spoils of the country.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 26 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. I have hated] R.V., I hate. the congregation of evil doers] Cp. Psalms 22:16. Is there not a tacit contrast between the congregation which meets for its own evil purposes, and that which assembles for the worship of Jehovah (Psalms 26:12)?

Read Cambridge on Psalms 26 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I have hated - We have here the same evidence of his piety repeated in another and a stronger form.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 26 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I hate the mob of evildoers, and refuse to sit with the wicked.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I hate the assembly of evildoers, and will not sit with the wicked.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I hate the mob of evildoers, and refuse to sit with the wicked.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I hate the mob of evil men, and do not associate with the wicked.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I hate the assembly of evil-doers, And will not sit with the wicked.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I hate the congregation of evil-doers, and will not sit with the wicked.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I have hated the congregation of evil doers; and will not sit with the wicked.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I haue hated the assemblie of the euill, and haue not companied with the wicked.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I have hated the congregation of evil-doers, and I have not sat with the wicked.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

I have hated the assembly of evil doers, And with the wicked I sit not.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I have hated the assembly of evildoers, || And I do not sit with the wicked.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

I have hated the assemblage of evil-doers; and with the wicked will I not sit.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I hate the assembly of evildoers, and I do not live with the wicked.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

For he hath hidden me in his tabernacle; in the day of evils, he hath protected me in the secret place of his tabernacle.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I refuse to get together with those who do evil, and I won't involve myself with the wicked.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I have been a hater of the band of wrongdoers, and I will not be seated among sinners.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbשָׂ֭נֵאתִיI.hatenoun phrase · objectקְהַ֣ל[the].assemblyמְרֵעִ֑יםof.evil-doersוְandclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעִםwithרְ֝שָׁעִ֗יםwicked.[people]adverbialלֹ֣אnotverbאֵשֵֽׁבI.sit

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in the wording of this verse, with all seven words matching in the Hebrew and Greek translations.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

שָׂ֭נֵאתִי קְהַ֣ל מְרֵעִ֑ים וְעִם־ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים לֹ֣א אֵשֵֽׁב׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
שָׂ֭נֵאתִיἐμίσησαקְהַ֣לἐκκλησίανמְרֵעִ֑יםπονηρευομένωνוְעִם־μετὰרְ֝שָׁעִ֗יםἀσεβῶνלֹ֣אοὐאֵשֵֽׁב׃καθίσω

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 26:5שָׂנֵאI hateI hateשָׂנֵאקָהָל[the] assem[the] assembly קָהָלרָעַעevil-doersevil-doersרָעַעעִםand withand withעִםרָשָׁעwicked [peowicked [people]רָשָׁעלֹאnotnotלֹאיָשַׁבI sitI sitיָשַׁבקָהַלto gatherto gatherקָהַלבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדHouse of SHouse of Shepheבֵּית־עֵ֫קֶדעָמַםto darkento darkenעָמַםרָשַׁעbe wickedbe wickedרָשַׁעאָהֵבto love: lto love: loverאָהֵבשֶׁ֫קֶרdeceptiondeceptionשֶׁ֫קֶרנֶ֫גֶדbeforebeforeנֶ֫גֶדיָטַבbe goodbe goodיָטַבשָׁכַבto lie dowto lie down: laשָׁכַבקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַרצַדִּיקrighteousrighteousצַדִּיקאָבַדto perishto perishאָבַדיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדבֶּ֫טַחsecuritysecurityבֶּ֫טַחכְּנַעֲנִיCanaanitesCanaanitessכְּנַעֲנִי
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 26:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
שָׂ֭נֵאתִיSa.ne.ti I hate H8130 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
146× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To hate means to feel intense dislike or hostility, as seen in the actions of enemies or foes in the Bible. It can also describe God's hatred of sin.
Amplified meaning
intensely dislike, feel hostility towards
Tyndale gloss
to hate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂנֵא (sane') is a primitive root meaning 'to hate.' It covers various forms of hatred, including personal animosity and enmity, and can refer to both humans and God. The word appears in different grammatical forms, with uses in Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating actions of hating or being hated. Its Aramaic equivalent is שְׂנָא.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂנֵא 145 vb. hate

Qal 128 hate

Niph. is hated

Pi. enemy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8130 שָׂנֵא hate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8130 sane' saw-nay'

a primitive root; to hate (personally):--enemy, foe, (be)

hate(-ful, -r), odious, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂנֵא (sa.ne) — to hate.

1) to hate, be hateful

1a) (Qal) to hate

1a1) of man

1a2) of God

1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst)

1b) (Niphal) to be hated

1c) (Piel) hater (participle)

1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom

Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (שְׂנָא "to hate" H8131)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Often denotes in Scripture only a less degree of love, Ge 29:30,31 De 21:15 Pr 13:24 Mal 1:2,3 Lu 14:26 Ro 9:13. God has a just and perfect abhorrence of sin and sinners, Ps 5:5. But hatred in general is a malevolent passion, Ga 5:20, and no one who is not perfect in love, can hate without sin.

I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
קְהַ֣לke.Hal [the] assembly of H6951 Noun common · masculine singular construct
123× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A group of people gathered together, like the congregation in Solomon's temple or a crowd in the streets of Jerusalem.
Amplified meaning
assembly, group
Tyndale gloss
assembly
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָהָל (qahal) refers to an assembly or congregation, often used in contexts like religious gatherings or groups formed for specific purposes, including war or counsel. It is derived from a root meaning to assemble. The term encompasses various forms of organized groups, including returning exiles.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָהָל 123 n.m. assembly, convocation, congregation

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6951 קָהָל assembly, convocation, congregation

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6951 qahal kaw-hawl'

from 6950; assemblage (usually concretely):--assembly,

company, congregation, multitude.

see HEBREW for 06950

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָהָל (qa.hal) — assembly.

1) assembly, company, congregation, convocation

1a) assembly

1a1) for evil counsel, war or invasion, religious purposes

1b) company (of returning exiles)

1c) congregation

1c1) as organised body

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
מְרֵעִ֑יםme.re.'Im evil-doers H7489 Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine plural
107× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to shatter or break something into pieces, making it useless or bad. It can also mean to afflict or displease someone.
Amplified meaning
those who do evil, wicked ones
Tyndale gloss
be evil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָעַע (ra`a`) is a Hebrew verb with meanings related to being evil or breaking. It encompasses a range of concepts from moral wickedness to physical shattering. The entries indicate that it can refer to causing harm or injury, as well as being displeasing or sad. There is a notable distinction in the lexicons regarding its use in ethical contexts versus physical breaking.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָעַע] 98 vb. denom. be evil, bad

Qal

be displeasing

be sad

be injurious, evil

be evil, wicked, ethically

Niph. suffer hurt

Hiph. 70

do an injury, hurt

do evil, wickedly

base

[רָעַע] vb. break

Qal

trans. can one break iron, iron out of the north ?

intrans. break = be broken

Hithpō‛. the earth is broken asunder

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7489a רָעַע vb. denom. be evil, bad H7489b רָעַע break

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7489 ra`a` raw-ah'

a primitive root; properly, to spoil (literally, by breaking

to pieces); figuratively, to make (or be) good for nothing,

i.e. bad (physically, socially or morally):--afflict,

associate selves (by mistake for 7462), break (down, in

pieces), + displease, (be, bring, do) evil (doer, entreat,

man), show self friendly (by mistake for 7462), do harm, (do)

hurt, (behave self, deal) ill, X indeed, do mischief, punish,

still, vex, (do) wicked (doer, -ly), be (deal, do) worse.

see HEBREW for 07462

see HEBREW for 07462

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָעַע (ra.a) — be evil.

1) to be bad, be evil

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to be displeasing

1a2) to be sad

1a3) to be injurious, be evil

1a4) to be wicked, be evil (ethically)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to do an injury or hurt

1b2) to do evil or wickedly

1b3) mischief (participle)

רָעַע (ra.a) — to shatter.

1) to break, shatter

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to break

1a2) broken (participle)

1a3) to be broken

1b) (Hithpolel) to be broken, be broken in pieces, be broken asunder

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine plural
HVhrmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

e-v'-l-doo'-erz mere`im; from ra`-a`; kakopoios, always plural:

Malefactors or offenders of God's law. Used generally of the ungodly, as, "Fret not thyself because of evil-doers." (Ps 37:1). Sometimes also of personal offenders: "He hath delivered the soul of the needy from the hand of evil-doers." (Jer 20:13).

I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
וְעִם־ve.'im- and with H5973 Conjunction · preposition
1,052× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means with or together, like when God is with his people in Exodus 33:14-15. It's used to describe accompaniment or association, and can also mean against or beside. The word is used to convey a sense of relationship or proximity between people or things.
Amplified meaning
together, in company
Tyndale gloss
with
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עִם (im) is a preposition meaning 'with' and covers a range of relationships, including companionship, locality, and possession. It can imply actions done jointly, equality, or even opposition in contexts like combat. The related form מֵעִם (me.im) means 'from with' or 'beside.' The entries reflect various nuances but do not present significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עִם prep. with

of fellowship and companionship

of aid

Of actions done jointly with another

If the common action be of the nature of a contest or combat, with in the sense of against

Of dealing with a person, or of the relation in which one stands with, or towards, another

Of a common lot together with the wicked

Of equality or resemblance generally aid

Of time, as long as

Of a locality, close to, beside

Of persons, עִם is spec.

in the house or family or service of

In possession of

In the custody or care of

Beside = except

With = friendly with

Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

base

מֵעִם 72 from with or beside

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5973a עִם with . of fellowship and companionship

. Of a locality, close to, beside

. Of persons, עִם is spec. . in the house or family or service of

. In possession of

. In the custody or care of

. Beside = except

. With = friendly with

. Idiom. of a thought or purpose present with one

. Metaph. together with = in spite of, notwithstanding

H5973b מֵעִם from with, beside

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5973 `im eem

from 6004; adverb or preposition, with (i.e. in conjunction

with), in varied applications; specifically, equally with;

often with prepositional prefix (and then usually

unrepresented in English):--accompanying, against, and, as (X

long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from

(among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-)to,

with(-al).

see HEBREW for 06004

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עִם (im) — with.

1) with

1a) with

1b) against

1c) toward

1d) as long as

מֵעִם (me.im) — from with.

1a) beside, except

1b) in spite of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · preposition
HC/R
I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
רְ֝שָׁעִ֗יםre.sha.'Im wicked [people] H7563 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
263× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes someone who is morally wrong, a bad person who is guilty of crime or sin against God or others. It is used to describe the wicked in biblical stories, such as in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
morally wrong, guilty of sin
Tyndale gloss
wicked
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7563 rasha` raw-shaw'

from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad

person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did

wrong.

see HEBREW for 07561

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.

1) wicked, criminal

1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

1b) wicked (hostile to God)

1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ Compared with

Abominable branches Isa 14:19

Ashes under the feet Mal 4:3

Bad fish Mt 13:48

Animals Ps 49:12; 2Pe 2:12

Blind people Zep 1:17; Mt 15:14

Bronze and iron Jer 6:28; Eze 22:18

Briers add thorns Isa 55:13; Eze 2:6

The bulls of Bashan Ps 22:12

I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
לֹ֣אlo' not H3808 Particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Amplified meaning
will not, decline
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part — Particle
HTn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
I hate [the] assembly of evil-doers and with wicked [people] not I sit
אֵשֵֽׁב׃'e.Shev I sit H3427 Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
1,079× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sit or dwell, and can also mean to remain or abide. It's used in the Bible to describe people living in a place or staying with someone, like in the book of Genesis.
Amplified meaning
dwell, remain
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell

Qal

sit

sit, sit down

sit down

sit = be set (as a jewel)

remain, stay, tarry

with special emphasis of qualifying phr.

dwell, have one’s abode

of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited

Niph. be inhabited, of land

Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee

Hiph.

cause to sit

cause to abide

cause to dwell

cause cities to be inhabited

marry (prop. give a dwelling to)

Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3427 yashab yaw-shab'

a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as

judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to

remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)

abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease

self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)

inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),

(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),

(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),

take, tarry.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.

1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to sit, sit down

1a2) to be set

1a3) to remain, stay

1a4) to dwell, have one's abode

1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited

1c) (Piel) to set, place

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to sit

1d2) to cause to abide, set

1d3) to cause to dwell

1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited

1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be inhabited

1e2) to make to dwell

Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Qal · imperfect first person common singular
HVqi1cs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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