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Psalms 25:19 — Word Study

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WLCרְאֵֽה־ אוֹיְבַ֥י כִּי־ רָ֑בּוּ וְשִׂנְאַ֖ת חָמָ֣ס שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃

BSAConsiderrâʼâh [look upon, behold] my enemiesʼôyêb [those who oppose me, adversaries] forkîy they are manyrâbab [increased, multiplied] and they hate mesinʼâh with viciouschâmâç [cruel, violent] hatredsânêʼ [intense dislike, hostility, or injustice]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 25
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (se.ne.'U.ni) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 25:19quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist asks God to consider his many enemies who hate him violently.
Who is speakingA psalmist, expressing his distress and need for divine attention.
Where we areIn a prayerful plea, the psalmist reflects on his troubles and enemies.
The hard wordשִׂנְאָה
Take awayThe psalmist's enemies are numerous and filled with intense hatred.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָאָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 25:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Help Amidst Enemiesgenerated

18Consider my affliction and trouble, and take away all my sins.
19Consider my enemies, for they are many, and they hate me with vicious hatred.
20Guard my soul and deliver me; let me not be put to shame, for I take refuge in You.
21May integrity and uprightness preserve me, because I wait for You.

Psalm 25:19 is a heartfelt prayer where the psalmist seeks God's attention regarding his numerous enemies. He acknowledges their hostility and pleads for divine consideration, indicating a deep sense of vulnerability and reliance on God for protection and justice. This verse is part of a broader context where the psalmist expresses his afflictions and seeks deliverance, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 3:1–2O LORD, how my foes have increased! How many rise up against me!
2Psalm 27:2–12When the wicked came upon me to devour my flesh, my enemies and foes stumbled and fell.
3Psalm 38:19Many are my enemies without cause, and many hate me without reason.
4Psalm 56:2My enemies pursue me all day long, for many proudly assail me.
5Psalm 57:4My soul is among the lions; I lie down with ravenous beasts— with men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are sharp swords.

The Key Word רְאֵֽה־, re.'eh-generated

The verb רָאָה (ra'ah) means 'to see' and encompasses various forms of visual perception, including looking and observing. In this imperative form, it serves as a command to God to consider the psalmist's plight.

This word implies not just a physical sight but an attentive and caring observation, suggesting that God is being asked to actively look upon the psalmist's situation with compassion.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'Consider my enemies, for they are many, and they hate me with vicious hatred.' Other translations, including the KJV and ASV, maintain similar wording, emphasizing the psalmist's plea for God's attention to his enemies.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb רְאֵֽה־ (consider) governs the entire verse, setting the tone for the psalmist's request. The structure follows a straightforward pattern: the main verb, followed by a noun phrase indicating the object of the verb, and then clauses elaborating on the reasons for this request.

The sentence emphasizes the psalmist's urgent need for divine intervention, with the verb leading the plea and the subsequent phrases detailing the nature and intensity of his enemies' hostility.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates רְאֵֽה־ as ἰδὲ (ide), which also means 'behold' or 'look.' This choice indicates a direct invitation for God to observe the psalmist's situation, aligning with the Hebrew's intent to draw attention to his plight.

The use of ἰδὲ reflects a similar urgency and appeal for divine awareness, maintaining the original sentiment of the Hebrew text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 25:19 expresses a plea to God, asking Him to look at the psalmist's many enemies who hate him fiercely. The psalmist feels surrounded and is seeking God's help against those who oppose him.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'consider my enemies'?

The psalmist is asking God to pay attention to his adversaries, acknowledging their number and the intensity of their hatred.

Why does the psalmist emphasize the number of enemies?

The emphasis on the many enemies highlights the psalmist's feeling of being overwhelmed and in need of divine assistance.

What does 'vicious hatred' imply about the enemies?

The term 'vicious hatred' suggests that the enemies harbor a deep and cruel animosity towards the psalmist, indicating a serious threat.

How does this verse connect to the overall theme of the psalm?

This verse connects to the psalm's theme of seeking God's help in times of trouble, reflecting the psalmist's reliance on God for protection and justice.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I experienced opposition or hostility in my life, and how can I bring those concerns to God?
  2. How can I remind myself of God's care and attention when I feel overwhelmed by my challenges?
  3. What does it mean to me to ask God to consider my situation, and how does that shape my prayer life?
  4. How can I respond to those who oppose me with love, even when faced with hatred?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators like Augustine and Cassiodorus reflect on this verse, discussing the nature of the psalmist's enemies and the prayerful appeal to God for intervention.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 25 354–430
"Consider mine enemies, how they are multiplied" [Psalms 25:19]. For not only without, but even within, in the Church's very communion, they are not wanting.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 25 →
CassiodorusEXPLANATION OF THE Psalms 25:19 c. 485–585
In saying “Look on my enemies,” the church prays for them to return, because God converts without hesitation those on whom he looks,
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 25 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 25:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Consider mine enemies,.... Or "look" (m) upon them; but with another kind of look; so as he looked through the pillar of fire upon the Egyptians, and troubled them, Exodus 14:24; with a look of wrath and vengeance.

Read John Gill on Psalms 25 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 25 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Consider, Heb. look upon, as , to wit, with a revengeful eye, as . For this general expression of looking upon is taken several ways in Scripture, and is to be determined by the context. Cruel, Heb. violent or injurious, either without any cause given by me; or without any bounds, or in an implacable manner.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 25 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 25:19 Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.Ver. 19. Consider mine enemies, for they are many] This was to David half a promise, and a whole reason that he should be helped; since it was to come to an extremity. If God but look out of the pillar of cloud upon the Egyptian army, it is enough for their utter confusion, Exodus 14:24. And they hate me with cruel hatred] Of their craft he had complained, Psalms 25:15, now of their cruelty. These are never sundered in the Church’ s enemies; as the asp, they say, never goeth without his mate. See Isaiah 34:16.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 25 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 19. Consider mine enemies] Look upon them, and thou wilt see how impossible it is that I should be able to resist and overcome them. They are many, they hate me, and their hatred drives them to acts of cruelty against me.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 25 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

19. Consider] Behold, the same word as in Psalms 25:18. with cruel hatred] Lit. a haired of violence, hatred inspired by and leading to cruelty. Cp. Psalms 11:5; Psalms 27:12.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 25 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Consider mine enemies - See Psalms 25:2. It is evident that one source of the trouble referred to in the psalm was the fact that he had cruel foes, and that he was apprehensive of their designs.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 25 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

15-21. The psalmist returns to agonizing prayer, mingled with confession of sin, a special reference to the cruel hatred and violence of his enemies, the depth of his distress, and his sole reliance

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 25 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Consider my enemies, for they are many, and they hate me with vicious hatred.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Consider my enemies, for they are many. They hate me with cruel hatred.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Consider my enemies, for they are many, and they hate me with vicious hatred.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Watch my enemies, for they outnumber me; they hate me and want to harm me.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Consider mine enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Consider mine enemies, for they are many; And they hate me with cruel hatred.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Consider mine enemies, for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Consider my enemies, for they are many; and they hate me with cruel hatred.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Beholde mine enemies, for they are manie, and they hate me with cruell hatred.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Consider mine enemies, for they are many, and they hate me [with] cruel hatred.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

See my enemies, for they have been many, And with violent hatred they have hated me.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

See my enemies, for they have been many, || And they have hated me with violent hatred.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Look at my enemies; for they are many; and they hate me with the hatred of violence.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

See my enemies, for they are many; they hate me with cruel hatred.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Look at how many enemies I have, and how they really hate me!

BBEBible in Basic English1949

See how those who are against me are increased, for bitter is their hate of me.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbרְאֵֽהconsidernoun phrase · objectאוֹיְבַ֥enemiesיmyכִּי(dm).thatclauseverbרָ֑בּוּthey.have.become.manyוְandclausenoun phrase · adverbialשִׂנְאַ֖תhatredחָמָ֣סof.violenceverbשְׂנֵאֽוּtheyobjectנִיhave.hated.me

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording for Psalm 25:19, with all seven words in the Hebrew matched in the Greek translation. This indicates a consistent understanding of the verse across these traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

רְאֵֽה־ אוֹיְבַ֥י כִּי־ רָ֑בּוּ וְשִׂנְאַ֖ת חָמָ֣ס שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
רְאֵֽה־ἰδὲאוֹיְבַ֥יμουכִּי־ὅτιרָ֑בּוּἐπληθύνθησανוְשִׂנְאַ֖תμῖσοςחָמָ֣סἄδικονשְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃με

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 25:19רָאָהconsiderconsiderרָאָהאָיַבenemies myenemies myאָיַבכִּיforforכִּירָבַבthey have bthey have becomרָבַבשִׂנְאָהand hatred and hatred ofשִׂנְאָהחָמָסviolenceviolenceחָמָסשָׂנֵאthey have hthey have hatedשָׂנֵאחָמַסto injureto injureחָמַסאָיַבbe hostilebe hostileאָיַברְבָבָהmyriadmyriadרְבָבָהרְבִיבִיםshowershowerרְבִיבִיםשָׂנֵאto hateto hateשָׂנֵאעֳנִיafflictionafflictionעֳנִינָבַטto lookto lookנָבַטצַרnarrownarrowצַריָדַעto knowto knowיָדַעמְשׁוּבָהfaithlessnfaithlessnessמְשׁוּבָהעָצֹםbe vastbe vastעָצֹםאַהֲבָהloveloveאַהֲבָהקִנְאָהjealousyjealousyקִנְאָהשֹׁדviolenceviolenceשֹׁדכָּסָהto coverto coverכָּסָהאָהֵבto love: lto love: loverאָהֵבשֶׁ֫קֶרdeceptiondeceptionשֶׁ֫קֶר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 25:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
רְאֵֽה־re.'eh- consider H7200 Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
1,300× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for provider means to see or look after, and is used to describe God's care for his people. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Genesis and other books.
Amplified meaning
look upon, behold
Tyndale gloss
Provider
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָאָה 1315 vb. see

Qal 1141

see, subj.

see, c. acc. rei

see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design

see, so as to learn to know

abs. see, have (power of) vision

see = perceive

look at, see, by direct volition

of mental observation

c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

see, c. acc. rei

Niph.

appear

be seen

be visible

Pu. appar. his bones are not detected

Hithp. recipr. look at each other

Hiph.

cause one to see something, shew

cause to experience something

cause to look intently at, to behold

Hoph.

be caused to see, be shewn

be exhibited to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.

. see, c. acc. rei

. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design

. see, so as to learn to know

. abs. see, have (power of) vision

. see = perceive

. look at, see, by direct volition

. of mental observation

. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest

. see, c. acc. rei

. . appear

. be seen

. be visible

. appar. his bones are not detected

. recipr. look at each other

. . . cause one to see something, shew

. cause to experience something

. cause to look intently at, to behold

. . be caused to see, be shewn

. be exhibited to

H7200b רְאוּת look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7200 ra'ah raw-aw'

a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in

numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,

intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,

behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have

experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look

(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,

upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,

regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one

another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X

surely, X think, view, visions.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.

: see/show

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out

1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish

1a6) to look at, gaze at

1a7) to provide, choose

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to appear, present oneself

1b2) to be seen

1b3) to be visible

1c) (Pual) to be seen

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to cause to see, show

1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at

1e) (Hophal)

1e1) to be caused to see, be shown

1e2) to be exhibited to

1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face

רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.

: examine/consider

1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to see

1a2) to see, perceive

1a3) to see, have vision

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singular
HVqv2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kon-sid'-er: In the New Testament the force of the word is brought out most vividly in Mt 6:26 (katamanthano), where it means to "examine closely," as though the observer had to bend down for this purpose, and in Lu 12:27; Heb 10:24 (katanoeo, to "observe well"), while in Heb 13:7 the anatheoreo, "look up toward" or "look again at" is consistent with the reverential regard commended in the context. Used in the Old Testament for a variety of Hebrew terms, signifying inspecting (Pr 31:16), examining (Le 13:13), giving serious thoughts to (

consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
אוֹיְבַ֥י'oy.Vai enemies my H341 Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
283× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means enemy or adversary, referring to someone who hates or opposes another person or nation. It is used to describe personal or national enemies in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
those who oppose me, adversaries
Tyndale gloss
enemy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֹיֵב (oyeb) means 'enemy' or 'foe,' indicating hostility. It can refer to personal or national adversaries. The word is derived from the active participle of another root, אָיַב (ayab), which also conveys the sense of being hostile.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָיַב] 283 vb. be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H341 אָיַב be hostile to (enemy = אֹיֵב)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

341 'oyeb o-yabe'

or (fully) owyeb {o-yabe'}; active participle of 340;

hating; an adversary:--enemy, foe.

see HEBREW for 0340

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֹיֵב (o.yev) — enemy.

1) (Qal) enemy

1a) personal

1b) national

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal | Suff — Verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffix
HVqrmpc/Sp1bs
consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
כִּי־ki- for H3588 Particle
4,483× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A conjunction used to show cause or connection, as in Genesis 2:23 where Adam says the woman is bone of his bone because she was taken out of him. It is often translated as 'for', 'because', or 'since'.
Tyndale gloss
for
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי conj. that, for, when

that

Of time, when, of the past

elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

Because, since

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that

. . Of time, when, of the past

. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם

. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though

. Because, since

H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3588 kiy kee

a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional

prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent

or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative

conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by

other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,

where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,

even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +

nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,

therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,

whether, while, whom, yea, yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כִּי (ki) — for.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if

1f) but rather, but

1g) except that

1h) only, nevertheless

1i) surely

1j) that is

1k) but if

1l) for though

1m) forasmuch as, for therefore

כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

1b) even though

כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.

1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since

1a) that

1a1) yea, indeed

1b) when (of time)

1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)

1c) because, since (causal connection)

1d) but (after negative)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.

In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
רָ֑בּוּRa.bu they have become many H7231 Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
21× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means to multiply or increase, used in Genesis to describe God's promise to make Abraham's descendants numerous.
Amplified meaning
increased, multiplied
Tyndale gloss
to multiply
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבַב (rabab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be or become many or much. It conveys the idea of increase, especially in number, and can also imply multiplication by the myriad. The entries suggest a range of meanings, including becoming great or long in terms of journey, and the Pual form specifically refers to ten thousands.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָבַב] vb. be or become, many, much

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7231 רָבַב be or become, many, much

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7231 rabab raw-bab'

a primitive root; properly, to cast together (compare 7241),

i.e. increase, especially in number; also (as denominative

from 7233) to multiply by the myriad:--increase, be

many(-ifold), be more, multiply, ten thousands.

see HEBREW for 07241

see HEBREW for 07233

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבַב (ra.vav) — to multiply.

1) to be or become many, be or become much, be or become great

1a)(Qal)

1a1) to be or become many

1a2) to be or become great

1a3) to be long (of journey)

2) (Pual) ten thousands

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common plural
HVqp3cp
English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

MANY, adjective men'ny.

1. Numerous; comprising a great number of individuals.

Thou shalt be a father of many nations. Genesis 17:4.

Not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many noble, are called. 1 Corinthians 1:26.

MANY are the afflictions of the righteous. Psalms 34:12.

It is often preceded by as or so, and followed by so, indicating an equal number.

As many books as you take, so many shall be charged to your account.

So many laws argue so many sins.

It is followed by as.

As many as were willing-hearted brought bracelets. Exodus 34:1.

It precedes an or a, before a noun in the singular number.

Full many a gem of purest ray serene.

2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes powerful or much; as, they are too many for us.

MANY, noun men'ny. A multitude; a great number of individuals; the people.

O thou fond many

The vulgar and the many are fit only to be led or driven.

consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
וְשִׂנְאַ֖תve.sin.'At and hatred of H8135 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
17× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to hate or have hatred towards someone or something. It can describe the hatred people have towards God or towards each other, and it appears in various forms throughout the Bible.
Tyndale gloss
hating
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שִׂנְאָה (sin'ah) refers to the concepts of hating and hatred. It encompasses the idea of intense dislike, applicable to both human and divine contexts. The word is derived from a root meaning to hate, and its usage is noted in various instances throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׂנְאָה n.f. hating, hatred

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8135 שִׂנְאָה hating, hatred

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8135 sin'ah sin-aw'

from 8130; hate:--+ exceedingly, hate(-ful, - red).

see HEBREW for 08130

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׂנְאָה (sin.ah) — hating.

1) hating, hatred, hate

1a) hatred

1a1) of man, God

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct
HC/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
חָמָ֣סcha.Mas violence H2555 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
60× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes violence, injustice, or cruelty, often referring to unfair treatment of others. In Isaiah and Jeremiah, it condemns oppressive behaviors, highlighting the need for justice and fairness. It involves wrongdoing and harm to others.
Amplified meaning
cruel, violent
Tyndale gloss
violence
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָמָס (chamac) refers to concepts of violence and wrongdoing. It encompasses terms like cruelty, injustice, and unjust gain. The word is built from a root that implies violent actions or dealings. The entries consistently highlight its negative connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָמָס n.m. violence, wrong

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2555 חָמָס violence, wrong

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2555 chamac khaw-mawce'

from 2554; violence; by implication, wrong; by meton. unjust

gain:--cruel(-ty), damage, false, injustice, X oppressor,

unrighteous, violence (against, done), violent (dealing),

wrong.

see HEBREW for 02554

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָמָס (cha.mas) — violence.

violence, wrong, cruelty, injustice

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
consider enemies my for they have become many and hatred of violence they have hated me
שְׂנֵאֽוּנִי׃se.ne.'U.ni they have hated me H8130 Verb qal perfect third person common plural · suffix
146× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To hate means to feel intense dislike or hostility, as seen in the actions of enemies or foes in the Bible. It can also describe God's hatred of sin.
Amplified meaning
intense dislike, hostility, or injustice
Tyndale gloss
to hate
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂנֵא (sane') is a primitive root meaning 'to hate.' It covers various forms of hatred, including personal animosity and enmity, and can refer to both humans and God. The word appears in different grammatical forms, with uses in Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating actions of hating or being hated. Its Aramaic equivalent is שְׂנָא.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂנֵא 145 vb. hate

Qal 128 hate

Niph. is hated

Pi. enemy

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8130 שָׂנֵא hate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8130 sane' saw-nay'

a primitive root; to hate (personally):--enemy, foe, (be)

hate(-ful, -r), odious, X utterly.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂנֵא (sa.ne) — to hate.

1) to hate, be hateful

1a) (Qal) to hate

1a1) of man

1a2) of God

1a3) hater, one hating, enemy (participle) (subst)

1b) (Niphal) to be hated

1c) (Piel) hater (participle)

1c1) of persons, nations, God, wisdom

Aramaic equivalent: se.ne (שְׂנָא "to hate" H8131)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Perf-3cp | Suff — Verb qal perfect third person common plural · suffix
HVqp3cp/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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