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Psalms 18:41 — Word Study

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WLCיְשַׁוְּע֥וּ וְאֵין־ מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ עַל־ יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃

BSAenemyʼôyêb to givenâthan neckʻôreph to hatesânêʼ to destroytsâmath

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 18
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 41 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.Nam) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 18:41quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses despair, calling for help but finding no deliverer.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on a time of distress.
Where we areIn a lament about enemies and the silence of God.
The hard wordיְשַׁוְּע֥וּ
Take awayCrying out does not guarantee a response.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectנָתַן verbוְ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 18:41

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Cry for Helpgenerated

40You have made my enemies retreat before me; I put an end to those who hated me.
41They cried for help, but there was no one to save them— to the LORD, but He did not answer.
42I ground them as dust in the face of the wind; I trampled them like mud in the streets.
43You have delivered me from the strife of the people; You have made me the head of nations; a people I had not known shall serve me.

Psalms 18:41 reflects a moment of intense need where the psalmist calls out for rescue but finds no one to deliver him. This verse encapsulates the feeling of abandonment in the face of adversity, emphasizing the silence of the LORD despite the plea for help. It resonates with the broader themes of struggle and divine silence found throughout the Psalms, as seen in Psalms 22:2 and Psalms 69:3.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Samuel 22:42–43They looked, but there was no one to save them— to the LORD, but He did not answer.
2Job 35:12–13There they cry out, but He does not answer, because of the pride of evil men.
3Proverbs 1:28Then they will call on me, but I will not answer; they will earnestly seek me, but will not find me.
4Isaiah 1:15When you spread out your hands in prayer, I will hide My eyes from you; even though you multiply your prayers, I will not listen. Your hands are covered with blood.
5Isaiah 59:1–2Surely the arm of the LORD is not too short to save, nor His ear too dull to hear.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ, ye.sha.ve.'Ugenerated

The verb יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ (ye.sha.ve.'U) is a Piel form of the root שָׁוַע (shava`), meaning to cry out, particularly for help. It conveys a strong sense of urgency and desperation, as it is used to describe calling out for assistance in dire situations.

In this verse, the use of the Piel form emphasizes the intensity of the cry, indicating that the psalmist is not merely speaking but is shouting for deliverance from his troubles. This form is often used in contexts of distress, highlighting the emotional weight of the plea.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The English translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of multiple clauses, beginning with the main action of crying out for help: יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ (they cried for help). Following this, a negation clause states that there was no one to save them: וְאֵין־ מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ (and there was no deliverer).

The structure emphasizes the contrast between the urgent plea and the stark reality of silence from God, culminating in the final clause that reiterates the lack of response: וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃ (but He did not answer).


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ is rendered as καὶ (and), which does not capture the urgency of the cry but serves to connect the clauses. This choice reflects a more straightforward narrative style.

The translation choices in the Septuagint may indicate a different interpretative approach to the text, focusing on the flow of the narrative rather than the emotional intensity present in the Hebrew.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 18:41 shows the psalmist crying out for help, but no one comes to save him. He calls to the LORD, yet there is no answer. This verse highlights the feeling of abandonment during times of distress, a common theme in the Psalms.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that no one was there to save them?

It reflects a deep sense of despair and abandonment, emphasizing the psalmist's isolation in his time of need.

Why does the psalmist call out to the LORD?

The psalmist recognizes the LORD as the ultimate source of help and deliverance, despite the silence experienced.

How does this verse relate to other parts of the Psalms?

It connects to other psalms that express similar feelings of abandonment and the search for divine help, such as Psalms 22:1.

What can we learn from this verse about calling for help?

It teaches that even in moments of deep distress, calling out for help is a vital response, even if the answer is not immediate.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what situations have I felt like my cries for help went unanswered?
  2. How can I better understand the silence of God in my own life?
  3. What does this verse teach me about the importance of seeking help in times of trouble?
  4. How can I support others who may feel abandoned or unheard in their struggles?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The verse has been referenced by early Church Fathers, including Augustine, who comment on the themes of despair and divine silence.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 18 354–430
"They have cried out, and there was none to save them" [Psalms 18:41].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 18 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 18:41 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

They cried, but [there was] none to save [them],.... It is in 2 Samuel 22:42; "they looked"; that is, they looked round about, here and there, to see if there were any near at hand to help and

Read John Gill on Psalms 18 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

For thou wilt light my candle: the LORD my God will enlighten my darkness. Here follows the fourth section of the psalm.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 18 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

He speaks of his Israelitish enemies, who in their distresses prayed to God for help against him.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 18 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 18:41 They cried, but [there was] none to save [them: even] unto the LORD, but he answered them not.Ver. 41. They cried] Through grief and impatience, clamore incondito, as beasts when in durance fill the air with loud outcries. Even unto the Lord] As nature prompteth men in an extremity to look up for help; but because it is but the prayer of the flesh for ease, and not of the spirit for grace, and a good use of calamities, and not but in extreme despair of help elsewhere, therefore God hears them not. In Samuel it is, They looked, but there was none to save them; q.d. If they could have made any other shift God should never have heard of them. Therefore Sero, inquit Nero.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 18 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 41. They cried] The Philistines called upon their gods, but there was none to save them. Even unto the Lord] Such as Saul, Ishbosheth, Absalom, c., who, professing to worship the true God, called on him while in their opposition to David but God no more heard them than their idols heard the Philistines.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 18 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

41. They cried] Cp. Psalms 18:6. The Heb. text in 2 Sam. has they looked for help (Isaiah 17:7-8), but the LXX supports the reading cried, which is certainly right. There is only the difference of one letter in the consonants of the two words (ιωεςε—ιωςε). Even unto the Lord] At first sight this might seem to indicate that the foes referred to were Israelites. But it is better to understand it of the heathen. After vainly seeking help from their own gods, in the extremity of their despair they cry to Jehovah. Cp. 1 Samuel 5:12; Jonah 3:7 ff.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 18 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

They cried - They cried out for help, for mercy, for life. In modern language, “they begged for quarter.” They acknowledged that they were vanquished, and entreated that their lives might be spared.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 18 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

41. They cried… even unto the Lord—They first cried to their gods, but, getting no answer, they called upon Jehovah, as even the heathen sometimes did in their distress, (Jonah 1:5-14;) but, as they

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 18 →

The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

They cried for help, but there was no one to save them— to the LORD, but He did not answer.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

They cried, but there was no one to save; even to Yahweh, but he didn’t answer them.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

They cried for help, but there was no one to save them—to the LORD, but He did not answer.

NETBNew English Translation2006

They cry out, but there is no one to help them; they cry out to the Lord, but he does not answer them.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

They cried, but there was none to save them: even unto the LORD, but he answered them not.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

They cried, but there was none to save; Even unto Jehovah, but he answered them not.

RVARevised Version, American1894

They cried, but there was none to save: even unto the LORD, but he answered them not.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

They cried, but there was none to save them : even to the LORD, but he answered them not.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

They cryed but there was none to saue them, euen vnto the Lord, but hee answered them not.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

They cried, and there was none to save; — unto Jehovah, and he answered them not.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They cry, and there is no saviour, On Jehovah, and He doth not answer them.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They cry, and there is no savior, || On YHWH, and He does not answer them.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(18:42) They cry, but there is none to help; unto the Lord,—but he answereth them not.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

They called for help, but no one saved them; they called out to Yahweh, but he did not answer them.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

They cried out for help, but no one came to rescue them. They even called out to the Lord, but he did not answer them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

They were crying out, but there was no one to come to their help: even to the Lord, but he gave them no answer.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיְשַׁוְּע֥וּthey.cried.for.helpוְandclausepredicateאֵיןthere.[was].notsubjectמוֹשִׁ֑יעַa.delivererclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalעַלtoיְ֝הוָ֗הYahwehוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbעָנָֽheobjectםanswered.them

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, while the Septuagint matches closely with six of the seven words. The Dead Sea Scrolls provide fragments that align with the MT, though some words are partially restored or supplied by an editor, indicating that the core message remains consistent across witnesses.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ וְאֵין־ מוֹשִׁ֑יעַ עַל־ יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְלֹ֣א עָנָֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יְשַׁוְּע֥וּκαὶוְאֵין־μουמוֹשִׁ֑יעַἔδωκάςיְ֝הוָ֗הμοιוְלֹ֣אκαὶעָנָֽם׃με

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q85a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ואיב׳י [נתתה] [ל׳י] [ערף] [ומשנא׳י] [אצמית׳ם]

6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ואויב׳י] [נתתה] [ל׳י] [עורף] [ומשנא׳י] [אצמית׳ם]

6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 5/6hev1ba copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[ואיב׳י] נתתה ל׳י ערף ומשנא׳י אצמית׳ם

6 words of the verse are on this fragment — 1 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 18:41שָׁוַעthey cried they cried for שָׁוַעאַ֫יִןand there nand there notאַ֫יִןיָשַׁע[was] a del[was] a deliverיָשַׁעעַלtotoעַליהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהלֹאand notand notלֹאעוּןhe answeredhe answered theעוּןהָיָהto beto beהָיָהעָנָהbe occupiebe occupiedעָנָהאַ֫יִןwhere?where?אַ֫יִןעַלheightheightעַלזָעַקto cry outto cry outזָעַקעָנִיafflictedafflictedעָנִיכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹבַּצָּרָהdearthdearthבַּצָּרָהכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻםצָבָאarmyarmyצָבָאיָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדאִיּוֹבJobJobאִיּוֹבשָׁוַעto cryto cryשָׁוַע
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 18:41

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
יְשַׁוְּע֥וּye.sha.ve.'U they cried for help H7768 Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine plural
21× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To cry out in the original Hebrew means to shout for help or freedom from trouble. This verb is used to describe calling out for assistance in times of need.
Tyndale gloss
to cry
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁוַע (shava`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cry out, particularly for help. It is a primitive root that conveys the idea of calling for freedom from trouble, used in a causative and reflexive sense. The entries consistently indicate its use in the Piel form to express a loud cry or shout.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁוַע] vb. Pi. cry out for help

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7768 שָׁוַע pi. cry out for help

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7768 shava` shaw-vah'

a primitive root; properly, to be free; but used only

causatively and reflexively, to halloo (for help, i.e. freedom

from some trouble):--cry (aloud, out), shout.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁוַע (sha.va) — to cry.

(Piel) to cry out (for help), shout

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpi3mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVpi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

With the sense of that which brings aid, support, or deliverance, "help" (noun and vb.) represents a large variety of words in Hebrew and Greek (noun 7, verb 16). A principal Hebrew word is `azar, "to help," with the corresponding nouns `ezer, `ezrah; a chief Greek word is boetheo (Mt 15:25; Mr 9:22,24, etc.). True help is to be sought for in Yahweh, in whom, in the Old Testament, the believer is constantly exhorted to trust, with the renouncing of all other confidences (Ps 20:2; 33:20; 42:5; 46:1; 115:9,10,11; 121:2; Isa 41:10,13,14, etc.). In Ro 8:26 it is said, "the Spirit also helpeth our infirmity," the verb here…

they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
וְאֵין־ve.'ein- and there not H369 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
789× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means nothing or not, often used to indicate the absence of something, as in Genesis 1:2 where the earth was without form. It emphasizes the idea of something lacking or non-existent.
Tyndale gloss
nothing
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַ֫יִן (ayin) primarily means 'nothing' or 'nought' and serves as a negative particle indicating absence or negation, such as 'is not' or 'there is not.' It can also express lack of possession or existence. The word is derived from a root meaning to be non-existent, and it appears frequently in various grammatical constructions.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought

to nothing, as nothing

cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

in circumst. clauses

with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

with prefixes

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H369 אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. prop. nothing, nought . to nothing, as nothing

. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not

. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not

. in circumst. clauses

. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …

. with prefixes

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

369 'ayin ah'-yin

as if from a primitive root meaning to be nothing or not

exist; a non-entity; generally used as a negative

particle:--else, except, fail, (father-)less, be gone,

in(-curable), neither, never, no (where), none, nor, (any,

thing), not, nothing, to nought, past, un(-searchable),

well-nigh, without. Compare 370.

see HEBREW for 0370

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַ֫יִן (a.yin) — nothing.

1) nothing, not, nought n

1a) nothing, nought neg

1b) not

1c) to have not (of possession) adv

1d) without w/prep

1e) for lack of

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsc — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
מוֹשִׁ֑יעַmo.Shi.a' [was] a deliverer H3467 Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
206× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means to save or be delivered, used in the Bible to describe being freed from danger or trouble, like in battle or from moral struggles, as seen in the Psalms and Proverbs.
Tyndale gloss
to save
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָשַׁע (yasha`) is a Hebrew root meaning to save or deliver. It encompasses various forms of salvation, including liberation from physical and moral troubles, victory in battle, and general safety. The word can appear in different grammatical forms, such as Niph. (to be saved) and Hiph. (to save).

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[יָשַׁע] vb. Hiph. deliver; Niph. intrans. and pass.

Niph.

be liberated, saved (prop. placed in freedom)

be saved in battle, victorious

Hiph.

deliver, save (prop. give width and breadth to, liberate)

save from moral troubles

give victory to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3467 [יָשַׁע] Hiph. deliver; Niph. intrans. and pass. . . be liberated, saved (prop. placed in freedom)

. be saved in battle, victorious

. . deliver, save (prop. give width and breadth to, liberate)

. save from moral troubles

. give victory to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3467 yasha` yaw-shah'

a primitive root; properly, to be open, wide or free, i.e.

(by implication) to be safe; causatively, to free or

succor:--X at all, avenging, defend, deliver(-er), help,

preserve, rescue, be safe, bring (having) salvation,

save(-iour), get victory.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָשַׁע (ya.sah) — to save.

1) to save, be saved, be delivered

1a) (Niphal)

1a1) to be liberated, be saved, be delivered

1a2) to be saved (in battle), be victorious

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to save, deliver

1b2) to save from moral troubles

1b3) to give victory to

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVhrmsa — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
HVhrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ An appellation of Jesus Ro 11:26

they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
עַל־'al- to H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

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Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
יְ֝הוָ֗הYah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpt — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Tn — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
they cried for help and there not [was] a deliverer to Yahweh and not he answered them
עָנָֽם׃'a.Nam he answered them H6030 Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
332× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to sing or make music, but also to respond or give an answer. In the Bible, it is used to describe praising God in song or responding to a question. The KJV translates it as 'sing' or 'answer'.
Tyndale gloss
to dwell
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָנָה (*anah*) is built from a primitive root meaning to heed or pay attention, covering a range of meanings including to answer, respond, testify, and sing. It appears in contexts where one responds to speech or circumstances, and can also refer to singing. The lexicons indicate that it can imply both verbal responses and musical expression.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[עוּן] vb. dwell

base

עָנָה 316 vb. answer, respond

Qal

answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied

respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances

money meets all demands

specif. respond as a witness, testify

less oft. make response as one accused (respondent)

Niph.

make answer

be answered

Hiph. wholly dub.; causes all things to respond in the joy of his heart

base

עָנָה vb. sing

Qal sing, utter tunefully

Pi. sing sweetly of it

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6030a עוּן dwell H6030b עָנָה answer, respond .. answer, respond to sthg. said, actual or implied

. . respond to an occasion, speak in view of circumstances

. money meets all demands

. . specif. respond as a witness, testify

. less oft. make response as one accused (respondent)

. . make answer

. be answered

. wholly dub.; causes all things to respond in the joy of his heart

H6030c עָנָה sing

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6030 `anah aw-naw'

a primitive root; properly, to eye or (generally) to heed,

i.e. pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extens. to

begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout, testify,

announce:--give account, afflict (by mistake for 6031),

(cause to, give) answer, bring low (by mistake for 6031), cry,

hear, Leannoth, lift up, say, X scholar, (give a) shout, sing

(together by course), speak, testify, utter, (bear) witness.

See also 1042, 1043.

see HEBREW for 06031

see HEBREW for 06031

see HEBREW for 01042

see HEBREW for 01043

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוּן (un) — to dwell.

(Qal) to dwell

עָנָה (a.nah) — to answer.

1) to answer, respond, testify, speak, shout

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to answer, respond to

1a2) to testify, respond as a witness

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to make answer

1b2) to be answered, receive answer

Aramaic equivalent: a.nah (עֲנָה "to answer" H6032)

עָנָה (a.nah) — to sing.

(Qal) to sing, utter tunefully

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp3ms/Sp3mp — Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular · suffix
HVqp3ms/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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