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Psalms 104:32 — Word Study

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WLCהַמַּבִּ֣יט לָ֭אָרֶץ וַתִּרְעָ֑ד יִגַּ֖ע בֶּהָרִ֣ים וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃

BSAHe looksnâbaṭ [looks carefully, regards] on the earthʼerets [land, territory] and it tremblesrâʻad [shakes with fear, quakes] He touchesnâgaʻ [reaches, strikes] the mountainshar [hills] and they smolderʻâshan [smoke, pour out fire]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 104
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 32 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Ve.ye.'e.Sha.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 104:32quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse describes God's powerful gaze upon the earth and His touch upon the mountains, causing them to tremble and smoke.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on God's sovereignty over creation.
Where we areIn a poetic description of God's might in Psalm 104, celebrating His works.
The hard wordהַמַּבִּ֣יט
Take awayGod's attention brings both fear and transformation to creation.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָעַד The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 104:32

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Majesty of God's Creationgenerated

31May the glory of the LORD endure forever; may the LORD rejoice in His works.
32He looks on the earth, and it trembles; He touches the mountains, and they smolder.
33I will sing to the LORD all my life; I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
34May my meditation be pleasing to Him, for I rejoice in the LORD.

Psalm 104:32 portrays God as an active participant in the natural world, illustrating His authority and power. The psalmist emphasizes how God's gaze can cause the earth to tremble and His touch can ignite the mountains, highlighting the divine relationship with creation. This reflects a broader theme in the psalm, which praises God's creative acts and His ongoing care for the world, as seen in the verses surrounding this one.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 77:16The waters saw You, O God; the waters saw You and swirled; even the depths were shaken.
2Psalm 97:4–5His lightning illuminates the world; the earth sees and trembles.
3Psalm 114:7Tremble, O earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob,
4Isaiah 64:2as fire kindles the brushwood and causes the water to boil, to make Your name known to Your enemies, so that the nations will tremble at Your presence!
5Jeremiah 4:23–26I looked at the earth, and it was formless and void; I looked to the heavens, and they had no light.

The Key Word הַמַּבִּ֣יט, ha.ma.Bitgenerated

The word הַמַּבִּ֣יט (ha.ma.Bit) comes from the root נָבַט (nabat), meaning 'to look' or 'to regard.' This participle form indicates an ongoing action, suggesting that God continually observes the earth with care and attention. The nuance of 'looking carefully' implies a deep consideration, not a casual glance.

In this verse, the act of looking is powerful; it leads to the trembling of the earth. The psalmist uses this verb to convey God's intimate involvement in creation, emphasizing His authority and the response of the earth to His presence.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The translations generally agree on the meaning of the verse.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse is structured around two main verbs: הַמַּבִּ֣יט (looks) and יִגַּ֖ע (touches). The first clause describes God's action toward the earth, while the second clause describes His action toward the mountains. This parallel structure emphasizes God's control over both the earth and the mountains.

The sequence of actions highlights the immediate effects of God's attention, with the earth trembling and the mountains smoking, illustrating the dramatic response of creation to the divine presence.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, הַמַּבִּ֣יט is rendered as ἐπιβλέπων, which carries a similar meaning of looking or regarding. This choice emphasizes the act of observing with intention.

The translation reflects a consistent understanding of God's active engagement with creation, aligning with the Hebrew text's portrayal of divine oversight.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 104:32 describes how God looks at the earth, causing it to tremble, and how His touch on the mountains makes them smoke. This verse highlights God's power and control over nature, illustrating His active role in creation.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God looks on the earth?

It signifies God's attentive care and authority over creation, showing that He is not distant but actively involved.

Why does the earth tremble at God's gaze?

The trembling represents the awe and fear of creation in response to the divine presence, emphasizing God's power.

What is the significance of the mountains smoking?

The smoking mountains symbolize God's judgment or presence, indicating a dramatic transformation when He interacts with creation.

How does this verse reflect God's relationship with the world?

It illustrates that God is intimately involved with the earth and its inhabitants, actively engaging with His creation.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see God's presence affecting the world around me?
  2. How can I be more aware of God's active role in my life and in creation?
  3. What does it mean for me to recognize God's authority over nature?
  4. How can I respond to the awe of God's power as described in this verse?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators like Augustine of Hippo reference this verse to highlight God's power and majesty over creation.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 104 354–430
"Who looks on the earth, and makes it tremble; who touches the hills, and they shall smoke" [Psalms 104:32].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 104 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 104:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth,.... As Sinai did when he descended on it, Psalms 68:8, to which the allusion seems to be; and a look from him, a severe one, a frowning one, will make the

Read John Gill on Psalms 104 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 104 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

This is a further illustration of God’ s powerful providence over all the creatures, and their dependence upon him; as when he affords his favour to creatures, they live and thrive, so one the contrary one angry look or touch of his upon the hills or earth makes them tremble and smoke, as once Sinai did when God appeared in it. And this consideration he may possibly suggest to enforce the foregoing exhortation of glorifying God, because if we do not give him the glory due to his name, he call quickly right himself, and destroy us and all his works.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 104 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 104:32 He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.Ver. 32. He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth] This must be considered, that God may be as well feared as loved and praised. He toucheth the hills, and they smoke] It is, therefore, ill falling into his hands, who can do such terrible things with his looks and touches.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 104 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(32) Trembleth.—With the praise is united something of awe and fear, since the majesty and power of Him who made the world is so great. Its very existence is dependent on His will, and a glance, a touch from Him would be enough to shake it to its foundations and consume it. For “the smoky mountain tops,” comp. Psalms 144:5, and see Note, Psalms 148:8.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 104 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 32. He looketh on the earth] Even the look of God terrifies all created nature! He toucheth the hills] So easy is it for God to burn up the earth and the worlds thereof, that even his touch kindles the mountains into flames! See Etna, Vesuvius, Stromboli, c. these are ignited by the touch of God. How majestic are these figures! The renewal of the earth, and re-creation of deceased animals, shall take place when he shall shake terribly the heavens and the earth; when they shall be wrapped together as a scroll, and the earth and its works be dissolved, that is, after the general convulsion and conflagration of the world.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 104 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

32. Who looketh on the earth, and it trembleth, Toucheth the mountains, and they smoke. May this manifestation of God in Nature ever continue! May Jehovah never cease to rejoice in His works as He rejoiced when He pronounced all things to be very good (Genesis 1:31; Proverbs 8:31). A look, a touch are enough to remind the earth of the awful power of its Creator, Who if He willed could annihilate as easily as He created. The Psalmist has in mind Amos 9:5 (cp. above Psalms 104:3), Exodus 19:18; Psalms 104:32 b is imitated in Psalms 144:5, Psalms 104:33 in Psalms 146:2.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 104 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth - There is great sublimity in this expression, as indicating the power and the majesty of God. He has only to “look” upon his works, and they stand in awe and tremble.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 104 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

He looks on the earth, and it trembles; He touches the mountains, and they smolder.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He looks at the earth, and it trembles. He touches the mountains, and they smoke.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

He looks on the earth, and it trembles; He touches the mountains, and they smolder.

NETBNew English Translation2006

He looks down on the earth and it shakes; he touches the mountains and they start to smolder.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Who looketh on the earth, and it trembleth; He toucheth the mountains, and they smoke.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Who looketh on the earth, and it trembleth; he toucheth the mountains, and they smoke.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth: he toucheth the hills, and they smoke.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

He looketh on the earth and it trembleth: he toucheth the mountaines, and they smoke.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

He looketh on the earth, and it trembleth; he toucheth the mountains, and they smoke.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Who is looking to earth, and it trembleth, He cometh against hills, and they smoke.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Who is looking to earth, and it trembles, || He comes against hills, and they smoke.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

He who looketh down on the earth, and she trembleth; who toucheth the mountains, and they smoke.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

He looks down on the earth, and it shakes; he touches the mountains, and they smoke.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

He gave them hail for rain, a burning fire in the land.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

He only has to look at the earth and it trembles; mountains pour out smoke at his touch.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

At whose look the earth is shaking; at whose touch the mountains send out smoke.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · predicateהַ[who]noun phraseclauseverbמַּבִּ֣יטlooksprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ֭tonoun phrasetheאָרֶץearthוַandclauseverbתִּרְעָ֑דit.trembledclauseclauseverbיִגַּ֖עhe.touchesprepositional phrase · prepositionalבֶּ(in)noun phrasetheהָרִ֣יםmountainsוְֽandclauseverbיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּthey.smoke

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with five of the six words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show a similar structure, although one word was supplied by an editor, indicating a minor textual variation.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הַמַּבִּ֣יט לָ֭אָרֶץ וַתִּרְעָ֑ד יִגַּ֖ע בֶּהָרִ֣ים וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הַמַּבִּ֣יטἐπιβλέπωνלָ֭אָרֶץγῆνוַתִּרְעָ֑דποιῶνבֶּהָרִ֣יםὀρέωνוְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃καπνίζονται

5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q5a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[המביט] אל הארץ ותרעד יגע בהרים ויעשנו

6 words on the leather — 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 104:32נָבַטthe [one whthe [one who] lנָבַטאֶ֫רֶץto the eartto the earthאֶ֫רֶץרָעַדand it tremand it trembledרָעַדנָגַעhe toucheshe touchesנָגַעהַרthe mountaithe mountainsהַרעָשַׁןso they mayso they may smoעָשַׁןהַרmountainmountainהַרעָמָלtroubletroubleעָמָלשָׁמַיheavenheavenשָׁמַיכְּנַ֫עַןCanaanCanaanכְּנַ֫עַןמִצְרַ֫יִם(Sea of) E(Sea of) Egyptמִצְרַ֫יִםדָּבָרChroniclesChroniclesדָּבָרטָמֵאuncleanuncleanטָמֵאנְבֵלָהcarcasscarcassנְבֵלָהגִּבְעָהGibeatGibeatגִּבְעָהאֶפְרַ֫יִםEphraimEphraimאֶפְרַ֫יִםנָגַעto touchto touchנָגַעאַףfacefaceאַף
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 104:32

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
הַמַּבִּ֣יטha.ma.Bit the [one who] looks H5027 Particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singular
69× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to look or regard something carefully. It can also mean to show favor or care for someone. In the Bible, it is used to describe how God looks at his people with favor and care, as seen in Psalm 138:6.
Amplified meaning
looks carefully, regards
Tyndale gloss
to look
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָבַט (nabat) is a Hebrew verb meaning to look or regard. It encompasses various nuances, such as looking intently, considering, and showing favor or care. The entries indicate its use in different grammatical forms, specifically the Piel and Hiphil stems, which emphasize the act of looking or regarding. No significant disagreements among lexicons are noted.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָבַט] vb. Pi., Hiph. look

Pi. look

Hiph. look

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5027 נָבַט look

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5027 nabat naw-bat'

a primitive root; to scan, i.e. look intently at; by

implication, to regard with pleasure, favor or care:--(cause

to) behold, consider, look (down), regard, have respect, see.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָבַט (na.vat) — to look.

1) to look, regard

1a) (Piel) to look

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) tolook

1b2) to regard, show regard to, pay attention to, consider

1b3) to look upon, regard, show regard to

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | V-Hiphil — Particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singular
HTd/Vhrmsa
the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
לָ֭אָרֶץLa.'a.retz to the earth H776 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
2,504× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The land or earth refers to the soil or ground, and can also mean a country, territory, or region. In the Bible, it is used to describe the earth and its inhabitants, and is often translated as 'land' or 'country'.
Amplified meaning
land, territory
Tyndale gloss
land: soil
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land

earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

earth, opp. to heaven, sky

earth = inhabitants of earth

land =

country, territory

district, region

trial territory

piece of ground

specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

= inhabitants of land

used even of Shᵉʼôl

ground, surface of ground

soil, as productive

אֶרֶץ in phrases

people of the land

in measurements of distance

the country of the plain, level or plain country

land of the living

end(s) of the earth

pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)

. earth, opp. to heaven, sky

. earth = inhabitants of earth

. land = . country, territory

. district, region

. trial territory

. piece of ground

. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel

. = inhabitants of land

. used even of Shᵉʼôl

. . ground, surface of ground

. soil, as productive

. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land

. in measurements of distance

. the country of the plain, level or plain country

. land of the living

. end(s) of the earth

. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

776 'erets eh'-rets

from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth

(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,

field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.

: country/field

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

1b2) district, region

1b3) tribal territory

1b4) piece of ground

1b5) land of Canaan, Israel

1b6) inhabitants of land

1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world

1b8) city (-state)

1c) ground, surface of the earth

1c1) ground

1c2) soil

1d) (in phrases)

1d1) people of the land

1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)

1d3) level or plain country

1d4) land of the living

1d5) end(s) of the earth

1e) (almost wholly late in usage)

1e1) lands, countries

1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan

אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.

: soil

1) land, earth

1a) earth

1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)

1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)

1a3) earth (inhabitants)

1b) land

1b1) country, territory

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HRd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):

In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.

'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Earth

(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.

(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.

Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2

the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
וַתִּרְעָ֑דva.tir.'Ad and it trembled H7460 Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to shake or tremble with fear or weakness. It can also describe an earthquake. In the Bible, it is used to convey a sense of awe or terror.
Amplified meaning
shakes with fear, quakes
Tyndale gloss
to tremble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָעַד (ra`ad) is a primitive root meaning to tremble or quake. It covers the act of trembling, both in a general sense and specifically referring to earthquakes. The entries indicate its use in various forms, such as the Qal and Hiphil stems, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָעַד] vb. tremble, quake

Qal and it ( the earth) trembleth

Hiph. I stood trembling

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7460 רָעַד

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7460 ra`ad raw-ad'

a primitive root: to shudder (more or less

violently):--tremble.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָעַד (ra.ad) — to tremble.

1) to tremble, quake

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tremble

1a2) (earth)quake

1b) (Hiphil) trembling (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person feminine singular
Hc/Vqw3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
יִגַּ֖עyi.Ga' he touches H5060 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
150× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to touch or reach something, and can also mean to strike or defeat someone. It is used in Exodus to describe God's power and in Psalms to describe human emotions. The word has various translations, including beat, bring, and plague.
Amplified meaning
reaches, strikes
Tyndale gloss
to touch
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָגַע (naga`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to touch, reach, or strike. It encompasses a range of actions from physical contact to figurative implications like arriving or acquiring. The word can also denote being stricken or defeated, particularly in battle or by disease. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including Qal, Niph, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, each with specific nuances.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָגַע 150 vb. touch, reach, strike

Qal

touch

of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc.

nearly = strike, pass. stricken

touch = harm

reach, extend to

Niph. be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so

Pi. strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.)

Pu. be stricken by diseases

Hiph. cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5060 נָגַע touch, reach, strike .. . touch

. of י׳ touching earth, mountains, etc.

. nearly = strike, pass. stricken

. touch = harm

. reach, extend to

. be stricken, defeated (in battle), i.e. feign to be so

. strike (with leprosy, 2 acc.)

. be stricken by diseases

. cause to touch; reach, approach, arrive

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5060 naga` naw-gah'

a primitive root; properly, to touch, i.e. lay the hand upon

(for any purpose; euphem., to lie with a woman); by

implication, to reach (figuratively, to arrive, acquire);

violently, to strike (punish, defeat, destroy, etc.):--beat,

(X be able to) bring (down), cast, come (nigh), draw near

(nigh), get up, happen, join, near, plague, reach (up), smite,

strike, touch.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָגַע (na.ga) — to touch.

1) to touch, reach, strike

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to touch

1a2) to strike

1a3) to reach, extend to

1a4) to be stricken

1a4a) stricken (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be stricken, be defeated

1c) (Piel) to strike

1d) (Pual) to be stricken (by disease)

1e) (Hiphil) to cause to touch, reach, approach, arrive

1e1) to cause to touch, apply

1e2) to reach, extend, attain, arrive, come

1e3) to approach (of time)

1e4) to befall (of fate)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
בֶּהָרִ֣יםbe.ha.Rim the mountains H2022 Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
546× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Amplified meaning
hills
Tyndale gloss
mountain: mount
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country

mountain, hill

hill-country, mountain-region

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2022 har har

a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills

(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X

promotion.

see HEBREW for 02042

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַר (har) — mountain: mount.

: mount/hill

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.

: hill_country

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absolute
HRd/Ncmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Are among the most sublime and impressive of the Creator’s works on earth, and from the noblest and most enduring monuments of great events. Most of the mountains of Scripture thus stand as witnesses for God—every view of their lofty summits, and every recurrence to them in thought reminding us of the sacred facts and truths connected with them. Thus Mount Ararat is a standing memorial of the deluge of man’s sin, God’s justice, and God’s mercy. Mount Sinai asserts the terrors of the divine law. Mount Carmel summons us, like the prophet Elijah of old, not to "halt between two opinions;" but if Jehovah is God, to love and serve him. The mount of the Transfiguration still shines with the glory of the truths there taught, and Mounts Ebal and Gerizim still echo the curses and the blessings once so solemnly pronounced from them. So Mount Hor, Nebo, Lebanon, and Gilboa have been signalized by…

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- The elevated parts of the earth

Ge 7:19,20

- GOD

. Formed

Am 4:13

. Set fast

Ps 65:6

. Gives strength to

Ps 95:4

. Weighs, in a balance

Isa 40:12

. Waters, from his chambers

Ps 104:13

. Parches, with draught

Hag 1:11

. Causes, to smoke

Ps 104:32; 144:5

. Sets the foundations of, on fire

De 32:22

. Makes waste

Isa 42:15

. Causes, to tremble

the [one who] looks to the earth and it trembled he touches the mountains so they may smoke
וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃Ve.ye.'e.Sha.nu so they may smoke H6225 Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to be angry or furious, like smoke rising from a fire. It describes God's wrath in many passages, including Exodus and Deuteronomy. This intense anger is often a response to sin or disobedience.
Amplified meaning
smoke, pour out fire
Tyndale gloss
be angry
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָשַׁן (ashan) is a verb meaning to smoke, with a figurative sense of being angry or furious. The entries indicate it can refer to both literal smoke and the emotional state of wrath. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָשַׁן vb. denom. smoke, be wroth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6225 עָשַׁן vb. denom. smoke, be wroth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6225 `ashan aw-shan'

a primitive root; to smoke, whether literal or

figurative:--be angry (be on a) smoke.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָשַׁן (a.shan) — be angry.

1) to smoke, be angry, be wroth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to smoke

1a2) to fume, be wroth, be furious

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine plural
HC/Vqu3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

smok: Used figuratively of the divine jealousy (De 29:20) and anger (Ps 74:1); symbolic of the glory of the divine holiness (Isa 4:5; 6:4; Re 15:8).

Nave's Topical Bible

→ FIGURATIVE Isa 6:4; Ho 13:3

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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