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Proverbs 28:8 — Word Study

Depth

WLCמַרְבֶּ֣ה ה֭וֹנוֹ בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֑ית לְחוֹנֵ֖ן דַּלִּ֣ים יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃

BSAHe who increasesrâbâh [multiplies, grows] his wealthhôwn [substance, riches] by interestneshek [usury, excessive rates] and usurytarbîyth [unjust gain, exploitative lending] lays it upqâbats [gathers, stores] for one who is kindchânan [gracious, showing favor] to the poordal [needy, weak]

Word
Listen & take awayProverbs 28
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 8 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yik.be.Tze.nu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Proverbs 28:8quick helps
In a sentenceThe verse warns against gaining wealth through exploitative practices, emphasizing that such wealth is ultimately reserved for those who are generous to the poor.
Who is speakingThe author of Proverbs, conveying wisdom about wealth and generosity.
Where we areThis verse is part of a larger discourse on the moral implications of wealth in Proverbs 28.
The hard wordבְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ
Take awayWealth gained through unjust means does not benefit the giver but is stored for the benevolent.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbרָבָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Proverbs 28:8

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Wisdom on Wealth and Generositygenerated

7A discerning son keeps the law, but a companion of gluttons disgraces his father.
8He who increases his wealth by interest and usury lays it up for one who is kind to the poor.
9Whoever turns his ear away from hearing the law, even his prayer is detestable.
10He who leads the upright along the path of evil will fall into his own pit, but the blameless will inherit what is good.

Proverbs 28:8 discusses the moral consequences of acquiring wealth through interest and usury, highlighting the importance of generosity towards the needy. This verse is situated within a collection of wisdom sayings that address ethical behavior regarding wealth, contrasting the practices of the righteous and the wicked. The surrounding verses reinforce the theme of righteousness and the consequences of one's actions, particularly in relation to the poor.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Proverbs 13:22A good man leaves an inheritance to his children’s children, but the sinner’s wealth is passed to the righteous.
2Job 27:16–17Though he heaps up silver like dust and piles up a wardrobe like clay,
3Ecclesiastes 2:26To the man who is pleasing in His sight, He gives wisdom and knowledge and joy, but to the sinner He assigns the task of gathering and accumulating that which he will hand over to one who pleases God. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.
4Leviticus 25:36Do not take any interest or profit from him, but fear your God, that your countryman may live among you.
5Ezekiel 18:8–13He does not engage in usury or take excess interest, but he withholds his hand from iniquity and executes true justice between men.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word מַרְבֶּ֣ה, mar.Behgenerated

The word מַרְבֶּה (marbeh) is a Hiphil participle meaning 'one who increases.' It conveys the idea of growth or multiplication, often in a context of abundance. This word is used in various forms throughout the Hebrew Bible to describe not just quantitative increase but also qualitative enhancement.

In this verse, it indicates a person who actively seeks to grow their wealth, suggesting a proactive approach to financial gain. The parsing as a masculine singular participle emphasizes the subject's ongoing action of increasing wealth.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as well as the KJV and ASV with the phrase increases his wealth, maintaining the focus on growth through interest and usury.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb in the verse is יִקְבְּצֶֽןּ, he gathers, which governs the action of the subject and the objects involved. The structure indicates a clear relationship between the act of increasing wealth and the eventual gathering for the poor.

The sentence is built around a series of noun phrases and prepositional phrases that elaborate on the subject's actions and their implications, creating a complex but coherent expression of moral teaching.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word מַרְבֶּה is rendered as πληθύνων, which suggests a similar notion of increasing or multiplying wealth. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the concept of growth in wealth.

The translation of בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ as τόκων indicates a focus on the financial aspect of interest, maintaining the ethical concerns present in the Hebrew text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Proverbs 28:8 warns against making money through unfair practices like charging high interest. Instead, it teaches that such wealth is ultimately set aside for those who are kind to the poor. This verse emphasizes the importance of generosity and ethical behavior in financial dealings.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to increase wealth by interest and usury?

It refers to the practice of making money by charging excessive rates on loans, which is often seen as exploitative.

Why is laying up wealth for the poor significant?

It highlights the moral duty to care for those in need, suggesting that true wealth is measured by generosity rather than greed.

How does this verse relate to other teachings in Proverbs?

This verse aligns with other Proverbs that emphasize justice, integrity, and the importance of helping the needy.

What are the consequences of gaining wealth through usury?

The verse implies that such wealth is not truly beneficial and ultimately serves those who show kindness to the poor.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I ensure that my financial practices are ethical and generous?
  2. How do I view wealth and its purpose in my life?
  3. What are some practical steps I can take to help those in need?
  4. How can I apply the wisdom of this verse to my daily financial decisions?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Proverbs 28:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance,.... By biting and oppressing the poor; letting him have money at an exorbitant interest, and goods at an exorbitant price, and so increases

Read John Gill on Proverbs 28 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor. Proverbs 13:22, end; Ecclesiastes 2:26; Job 27:16-17. Usury and unjust gain.

Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 28 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

By usury and unjust gain, Heb. by usury and (or, or) increase, i.e. by any kind of usury, whereby the poor are oppressed, as is implied from the opposite clause; or by any unrighteous practices. See more of these words and of this thing on ,36 Psalms 15:5 . Shall gather it for him that will pity the poor; it shall not long continue with him or his, but shall by God’ s righteous and powerful providence be disposed into more just and merciful hands.

Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 28 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Proverbs 28:8 He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.Ver. 8. He that by usury and unjust gain, &c.] Usury is condemned by the very heathens (Aristot. Ethic., lib. iv. cap. 1). The ancient law of the Romans make the usurer a thief and worse; the Hebrews make him a biting thief, who gnaweth the debtor to the very bones; yea, the most toothless usury, that usual plea, hath sharp gums, which bite as sore as an old dog or a hungry fly; and under show of licking whole, sucks out the heart blood. Let those who plead for it consider that God dispenseth with no usury, whether neshec or tarbith, biting or toothless; that the…

Read John Trapp on Proverbs 28 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(8) He that by usury . . . increaseth his substance.—See above on Proverbs 6:1. He shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.—The “pound” is taken from him who knows not how to use it (Luke 19:24), and given to one who does. (Comp. 1 Samuel 15:28.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 28 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 8. He that by usury - increaseth his substance] By taking unlawful interest for his money; lending to a man in great distress, money, for the use of which he requires an exorbitant sum. O that the names of all those unfeeling, hard-hearted, consummate villains in the nation, who thus take advantage of their neighbour's necessities to enrich themselves, were published at every market cross; and then the delinquents all sent to their brother savages in New Zealand. It would be a happy riddance to the country.

Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 28 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

8. unjust gain] Rather, increase, as A.V. marg. and R.V. text, μετὰτόκωνκαὶπλεονασμῶν, LXX. Comp. Leviticus 25:36-37. The idea of its being “unjust” is implied by the word “usury” with which it is associated. The R.V. gives augmenteth, instead of increaseth, in the former part of the verse, as the Heb. word is not the same, as it there renders increase.

Read Cambridge on Proverbs 28 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Unjust gain - Omit “unjust:” “usury and gain” make up the notion of “gain derived from usury.” Ill-gotten gains do not prosper, after a time they pass into hands that know how to use them better.

Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 28 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

He who increases his wealth by interest and usury lays it up for one who is kind to the poor.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He who increases his wealth by excessive interest gathers it for one who has pity on the poor.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

He who increases his wealth by interest and usury lays it up for one who is kind to the poor.

NETBNew English Translation2006

The one who increases his wealth by increasing interest gathers it for someone who is gracious to the needy.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

He that augmenteth his substance by interest and increase, Gathereth it for him that hath pity on the poor.

RVARevised Version, American1894

He that augmenteth his substance by usury and increase, gathereth it for him that hath pity on the poor.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that will pity the poor.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

He that increaseth his riches by vsurie and interest, gathereth them for him that will be mercifull vnto the poore.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

He that by usury and unjust gain increaseth his substance gathereth it for him that is gracious to the poor.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Whoso is multiplying his wealth by biting and usury, For one favouring the poor doth gather it.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Whoever is multiplying his wealth by biting and usury, || Gathers it for one favoring the poor.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

He that increaseth his wealth by interest and usury will gather it for him that will be kind to the poor.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The one who makes his fortune by charging too much interest gathers his wealth for another who will have pity on poor people.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

He that heapeth together riches by usury and loan, gathereth them for him that will be bountiful to the poor.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Anyone who gets rich through charging interest and profiteering is only storing it up for someone who is kind to the poor.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

He who makes his wealth greater by taking interest, only gets it together for him who has pity on the poor.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clausenoun phrase · subjectclauseverbמַרְבֶּ֣ה[one.who].increasesnoun phrase · objectה֭וֹנwealthוֹhisprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּbynoun phraseנֶ֣שֶׁךְinterestוְandתַרְבִּ֑יתusuryprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְfornoun phraseclauseverbחוֹנֵ֖ן[one.who].shows.favor.toobjectדַּלִּ֣יםpoor.[people]verbיִקְבְּצֶֽheobjectנּוּgathers.it

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all seven words matched in the Hebrew and Greek texts. This consistency suggests a shared understanding of the moral implications of wealth in both traditions.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

מַרְבֶּ֣ה ה֭וֹנוֹ בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְ וְתַרְבִּ֑ית לְחוֹנֵ֖ן דַּלִּ֣ים יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
מַרְבֶּ֣הπληθύνωνה֭וֹנוֹαὐτοῦבְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְτόκωνוְתַרְבִּ֑יתπλεονασμῶνלְחוֹנֵ֖ןἐλεῶντιדַּלִּ֣יםπτωξοὺςיִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃αὐτόν

7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Proverbs 28:8רָבָה[one who] i[one who] increרָבָההוֹןwealth hiswealth hisהוֹןנֶ֫שֶׁךְby interestby interestנֶ֫שֶׁךְתַּרְבִּיתand usuryand usuryתַּרְבִּיתחָנַןfor [one whfor [one who] sחָנַןדַּלpoor [peoplpoor [people]דַּלקָבַץhe gathers he gathers itקָבַץנָשַׁךְto biteto biteנָשַׁךְרָבָהto multiplto multiplyרָבָהדָּלַלto languisto languishדָּלַלרָבַבto multiplto multiply tenרָבַבהוּןbe readybe readyהוּןאוֹןstrengthstrengthאוֹןחָנָהto campto campחָנָהעָשִׁירrichrichעָשִׁירפָּרָהbe fruitfube fruitfulפָּרָהמָעַטto diministo diminishמָעַטיָקָרpreciouspreciousיָקָרתַּרְבִּיתincrementincrementתַּרְבִּיתנֶ֫שֶׁךְinterestinterestנֶ֫שֶׁךְחָיָהto liveto liveחָיָהלָוָהto jointo joinלָוָהאֶבְיוֹןneedyneedyאֶבְיוֹןנָדַחto banishto banishנָדַחשְׁאֵרִיתremnantremnantשְׁאֵרִית
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 28:8

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
מַרְבֶּ֣הmar.Beh [one who] increases H7235 Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
227× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to increase or grow, like a plant shooting up. It is used in the Bible to describe something getting bigger or more abundant. The KJV translates it as abundance or bring up.
Amplified meaning
multiplies, grows
Tyndale gloss
to multiply
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבָה (rabah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to increase or multiply, encompassing ideas of becoming great, numerous, or abundant. It has various forms, including Qal (to become many), Piel (to make large), and Hiphil (to make much). The word also appears in a context related to shooting in Genesis 21:20. There is a noted Aramaic equivalent, רְבָה.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָבָה] 225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great

Qal 59

become many, numerous

be great

grow great (Aramaism)

Pi. 4 make large, increase

Hiph. 162

make much or many

make great, obj. pers.

base

[רָבָה] vb. shoot;—only Qal Gn 21:20

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7235a רָבָה be, or become, much, many, great .. become many, numerous

. . be great

. grow great (Aramaism)

. make large, increase

. . make much or many

. make great, obj. pers.

H7235b רָבָה shoot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7235 rabah raw-baw'

a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect):--(bring

in) abundance (X -antly), + archer (by mistake for 7232), be

in authority, bring up, X continue, enlarge, excel,

exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly,

X -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have,

make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more

(in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much

(greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), X

process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.

see HEBREW for 07232

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to multiply.

1) be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to become many, become numerous, multiply (of people, animals, things)

1a2) to be or grow great

1b) (Piel) to make large, enlarge, increase, become many

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make much, make many, have many

1c1a) to multiply, increase

1c1b) to make much to do, do much in respect of, transgress greatly

1c1c) to increase greatly or exceedingly

1c2) to make great, enlarge, do much

Aramaic equivalent: re.vah (רְבָה "to grow great" H7236)

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to shoot.

(Qal) to shoot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil — Verb · Hiphil · participle (active) masculine singular
HVhrmsa
[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
ה֭וֹנוֹho.no wealth his H1952 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
26× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to wealth or substance, implying that something is enough or of high value. It can also be translated as riches or sufficiency.
Amplified meaning
substance, riches
Tyndale gloss
substance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוֹן (hown) refers to wealth, riches, or substance, and can also imply sufficiency or enough. It is primarily found in poetic contexts, particularly in Wisdom Literature like Proverbs. The term is derived from a related root that conveys the idea of wealth and value.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוֹן n.m. wealth, sufficiency (poet., almost wholly WisdLt, especially Pr)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1952 הוֹן wealth, sufficiency (poet., almost wholly WisdLt, especially Pr)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1952 hown hone

from the same as 1951 in the sense of 202; wealth; by

implication, enough:--enough, + for nought, riches, substance,

wealth.

see HEBREW for 01951

see HEBREW for 0202

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוֹן (hon) — substance.

1) wealth, riches, substance

1a) wealth

1b) price, high value

interj

2) enough!, sufficiency

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
בְּנֶ֣שֶׁךְbe.Ne.shekh by interest H5392 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for interest or usury, this term is used to describe the practice of lending money at excessive rates. It is prohibited in the Bible, as seen in passages like Deuteronomy 23:19-20 and Ezekiel 18:8. The concept of fair lending is central to the book of Leviticus.
Amplified meaning
usury, excessive rates
Tyndale gloss
interest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶ֫שֶׁךְ (neshek) refers to interest or usury, literally meaning something that is 'bitten off.' It is derived from the root word for 'bite' and is primarily used in the context of financial transactions involving debt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫שֶׁךְ n.[m.] interest, usury (lit. something bitten off)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5392 נֶ֫שֶׁךְ interest, usury (lit. something bitten off)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5392 neshek neh'-shek

from 5391; interest on a debt:--usury.

see HEBREW for 05391

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫שֶׁךְ (ne.shekh) — interest.

interest, usury

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

in'-ter-est (neshekh, mashsha'; tokos): The Hebrew word neshekh is from a root which means "to bite"; thus interest is "something bitten off." The other word, mashsa', means "lending on interest." The Greek term is from the root tikto, "to produce" or "beget," hence, interest is something begotten or produced by money. The Hebrew words are usually translated "usury," but this meant the same as interest, all interest being reckoned as usury.

Long before Abraham's time money had been loaned at a fixed rate of interest in Babylonia and almost certainly in Egypt. The Code of Hammurabi gives regulations regarding the lending and borrowing of money, the usual interest being 20 percent. Sometimes it was only 11 2/3 and 13 1/3, as shown by contract tablets. In one case, if the loan was not paid in two months, 18 per cent interest would be charged. Corn (grain), dates, onions, etc., were loaned…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ (Income from loaning money, usually called “usury” in the Scriptures, but not generally signifying unlawful or unjust rates) Ex 22:25; Le 25:36,37; De 23:19,20; Ne 5:1-13; Ps 15:5; Pr 28:8; Isa 24:2; Eze 18:8,9,13,17; 22:12

→ See BORROWING

→ See DEBT

→ See DEBTORS

→ See LENDING

→ See MONEY

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
וְתַרְבִּ֑יתu.ve.tar.bit and usury H8636 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to an increment or addition, like earning interest on money. It can also mean usury or unjust gain, which is getting money unfairly. The Bible warns against taking advantage of others.
Amplified meaning
unjust gain, exploitative lending
Tyndale gloss
increment
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תַּרְבִּית (tarbiyth) refers to concepts of increase or increment, particularly in financial contexts such as interest or usury. It is derived from the root word meaning multiplication. The entries consistently highlight its association with unjust gain and bonuses, but do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תַּרְבִּית n.f. increment, interest, usury

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8636 תַּרְבִּית

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8636 tarbiyth tar-beeth'

from 7235; multiplication, i.e. percentage or bonus in

addition to principal:--increase, unjust gain.

see HEBREW for 07235

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תַּרְבִּית (tar.bit) — increment.

increment, usury, interest, bonus

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Prep | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

u'-zhu-ri:

1. In the Old Testament:

The Hebrew law concerning exaction of interest upon loans was very humane. Hebrews were to lend to their brethren without interest (Ex 22:25; Le 25:36 f; De 23:19 f). This, however, did not apply to a stranger (De 23:20). Two stems are used in the Old Testament, rendered in the King James Version "usury," in the Revised Version (British and American) better rendered "interest":

(1) verb nashah (Ex 22:25; Isa 24:2; Jer 15:10), and the noun form, mashsha' (

Usury

The sum paid for the use of money, hence interest; not, as in the modern sense, exorbitant interest. The Jews were forbidden to exact usury (Lev. 25:36, 37), only, however, in their dealings with each other (Deut. 23:19, 20). The violation of this law was viewed as a great crime (Ps. 15:5; Prov. 28:8; Jer. 15:10). After the Return, and later, this law was much neglected (Neh. 5:7, 10).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(The word usury has come in modern English to mean excessive interest upon money loaned, either formally illegal or at least oppressive. In the Scriptures, however the word did not bear this sense, but meant simply interest of any kind upon money. The Jews were forbidden by the law of Moses to take interest from their brethren, but were permitted to take it from foreigners. The prohibition grew out of the agricultural status of the people, in which ordinary business loans were not needed. and loans as were required should be made only as to friends and brothers in need. --ED.) The practice of mortgaging land, sometimes at exorbitant interest, grew up among the Jews during the captivity, in direct violation of the law. (Leviticus 25:36,37; Ezekiel 18:8,13,17) We find the rate…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

As employed in our version of the Bible, means only interest. When our translation was made, the word usury had not assumed the bad sense which it now has. The Jews might require interest of foreigners, De 23:19-20, but were forbidden to receive it from each other, Ex 22:25 Ps 15:5; being instructed to lend money, etc., in a spirit of brotherly kindness, "hoping for nothing again," De 15:7-11 Lu 6:33-35. The exacting of usury is often rebuked, Ne 5:7,10 Pr 28:8 Eze…

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
לְחוֹנֵ֖ןle.cho.Nen for [one who] shows favor to H2603 Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
78× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to show kindness or favor, often by bending or stooping to help someone in need, as seen in the actions of God towards his people.
Amplified meaning
gracious, showing favor
Tyndale gloss
be gracious
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חָנַן (chanan) is a Hebrew verb meaning to show favor or be gracious. It encompasses various forms, including being pitied, directing favor, and seeking favor through imploration. The word can also mean to be loathsome, as noted in Job 19:17. The lexicons provide a range of uses, primarily focusing on kindness and mercy.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָנַן vb. shew favour, be gracious

Qal favour, shew favour

Niph. be pitied

Po‛el direct favour to

Hoph. be shewn favour, consideration

Hithp. seek or implore favour

base

[חָנַן] be loathsome—only Jb 19:17

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2603a חָנַן shew favour, be gracious .favour, shew favour

. be pitied

.direct favour to

. be shewn favour, consideration

. seek or implore favour

H2603b חָנַן be loathsome

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2603 chanan khaw-nan'

a primitive root (compare 2583); properly, to bend or stoop

in kindness to an inferior; to favor, bestow; causatively to

implore (i.e. move to favor by petition):--beseech, X fair,

(be, find, shew) favour(-able), be (deal, give, grant

(gracious(-ly), intreat, (be) merciful, have (shew) mercy (on,

upon), have pity upon, pray, make supplication, X very.

see HEBREW for 02583

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָנַן (cha.nan) — be gracious.

1) to be gracious, show favour, pity

1a) (Qal) to show favour, be gracious

1b) (Niphal) to be pitied

1c) (Piel) to make gracious, make favourable, be gracious

1d) (Poel) to direct favour to, have mercy on

1e) (Hophal) to be shown favour, be shown consideration

1f) (Hithpael) to seek favour, implore favour

חָנַן (cha.nan) — be loathsome.

to be loathsome

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Qal — Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine singular
HR/Vqrmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

fa'-ver (chen, ratson, with other Hebrew words; charis): Means generally good will, acceptance, and the benefits flowing from these; in older usage it meant also the countenance, hence, appearance. Alternating in English Versions of the Bible with "grace," it is used chiefly of man, but sometimes also of God (Ge 18:3; 30:27; 39:21; Ex 3:21; 2Sa 15:25, "in the eyes of Yahweh," etc.). It is used perhaps in the sense of "countenance" in Pr 31:30, "Favor is deceitful, and beauty is vain" (the King James Version), where for "favor" the Revised Version (British and American) has "grace"; the reference is to external appearance. "Favored" is used in the sense of "appearance" in…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See GOD, GRACE OF

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
דַּלִּ֣יםda.Lim poor [people] H1800 Adj
47× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for someone who is poor or weak, often describing those in need of help or assistance. In the book of Proverbs, it warns against oppressing the poor, and in Psalm 35:10, it describes the needy and the poor. The word is also used in Isaiah 41:17.
Amplified meaning
needy, weak
Tyndale gloss
poor
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word דַּל (dal) is built from the root meaning 'dangling' or 'weak.' It covers a range of meanings including low, weak, poor, and thin, and is particularly noted in wisdom literature and poetry. The entries consistently emphasize its connotations of neediness and weakness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דַּל adj. low, weak, poor, thin (especially common in Wisd. lit. and poet.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1800 דַּל low, weak, poor, thin (especially common in Wisd. lit. and poet.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1800 dal dal

from 1809; properly, dangling, i.e. (by implication) weak or

thin:--lean, needy, poor (man), weaker.

see HEBREW for 01809

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דַּל (dal) — poor.

low, poor, weak, thin, one who is low

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…

[one who] increases wealth his by interest and usury for [one who] shows favor to poor [people] he gathers it
יִקְבְּצֶֽנּוּ׃yik.be.Tze.nu he gathers it H6908 Verb qal imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To gather or collect people or things, like when the Israelites assembled in the book of Numbers. It's about bringing things or people together in one place.
Amplified meaning
gathers, stores
Tyndale gloss
to gather
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָבַץ (qabats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to gather or collect. It encompasses various forms, including assembling, being gathered, and taking away. The entries indicate its use in different stems, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, Pual, and Hithpael, which reflect nuances in meaning and action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָבַץ 127 vb. gather, collect

Qal gather, collect

Niph.

intrans. assemble, gather

pass. be gathered

Pi. 51 gather together

Pu. of land

Hithp. gather together (intrans.), be gathered together

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6908 קָבַץ gather, collect

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6908 qabats kaw-bats'

a primitive root; to grasp, i.e. collect:--assemble

(selves), gather (bring) (together, selves together, up),

heap, resort, X surely, take up.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָבַץ (qa.vats) — to gather.

1) to gather, assemble

1a) (Qal) to gather, collect, assemble

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to assemble, gather

1b2) to be gathered

1c) (Piel) to gather, gather together, take away

1d) (Pual) to be gathered together

1e) (Hithpael) to gather together, be gathered together

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3ms | Suff — Verb qal imperfect third person masculine singular · suffix
HVqi3ms/Sp3ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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