Numbers 10:18 — Word Study
WLCוְנָסַ֗ע דֶּ֛גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־ צְבָא֔וֹ אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־ שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃
BSAThen the divisionstsâbâʼ [companies, groups] of the campmachăneh [army, encampment] of ReubenRᵉʼûwbên [the firstborn son of Jacob] set outnâçaʻ [to journey, to depart] under their standarddegel [flag, banner] with ElizurʼĔlîytsûwr [a leader of the Reuben tribe] sonbên of ShedeurShᵉdêyʼûwr [the father of Elizur, meaning darter of light] in commandʻal [as leader, in charge]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְנָסַ֗ע | and it set out | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person masculine singular |
| דֶּ֛גֶל | [the] standard of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| מַחֲנֵ֥ה | [the] camp of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| רְאוּבֵ֖ן | Reuben | Noun proper masculine |
| לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם | to military groups their | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct, suffix |
| וְעַל־ | and [was] over | Conjunction, preposition |
| צְבָא֔וֹ | military group its | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| אֱלִיצ֖וּר | Elizur | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃ | Shedeur | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Then the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur in command. |
| KJV | ¶ And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur. |
| ASV | And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur. |
| YLT | And the standard of the camp of Reuben hath journeyed, by their hosts, and over its host [is] Elizur son of Shedeur. |
| WEB | The standard of the camp of Reuben went forward according to their armies. Elizur the son of Shedeur was over his army. |
| BBE | Then the flag of the children of Reuben went forward with their armies: and at the head of his army was Elizur, the son of Shedeur. |
The translations agree on the rendering of key terms related to the camp's departure.
The sentence structure is straightforward, with a main clause followed by prepositional and noun phrases that provide additional context.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Cambridge, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָסַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Numbers 10:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Movement of the Israelite Campsgenerated
Numbers 10:18 describes the organized departure of the divisions of the camp of Reuben, highlighting the leadership of Elizur son of Shedeur. This verse is part of a larger narrative detailing the movements of the Israelite tribes as they journey through the wilderness, emphasizing their structured approach to travel and the importance of their tribal identities.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 2:10–16 | On the south side, the divisions of Reuben are to camp under their standard: The leader of the Reubenites is Elizur son of Shedeur, |
| 2 | Numbers 26:5–18 | Reuben was the firstborn of Israel. These were the descendants of Reuben: The Hanochite clan from Hanoch, the Palluite clan from Pallu, |
| 3 | Numbers 1:5 | These are the names of the men who are to assist you: From the tribe of Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur; |
| 4 | Numbers 7:35 | and a peace offering of two oxen, five rams, five male goats, and five male lambs a year old. This was the offering of Elizur son of Shedeur. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נָסַע, ve.na.Sa'generated
The verb נָסַע (na.Sa') is a Qal perfect form, indicating a completed action of setting out or departing. It conveys the idea of beginning a journey, often in a military or organized context, reflecting the Israelites' movements as they follow God's command.
This word encompasses not just the act of leaving but also the preparations and organization involved in setting out, as seen in the context of the Israelite encampments. The nuance of this word suggests a deliberate and structured departure, integral to the narrative of their journey.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the use of set out for נָסַע, maintaining the sense of departure across versions like the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb governing the sentence is נָסַע, it set out, which is followed by a noun phrase indicating the subject, דֶּגֶל מַחֲנֵה רְאוּבֵן — the standard of the camp of Reuben. This structure emphasizes the organized nature of the departure.
The prepositional phrase לְצִבְאֹתָם — to their military groups — indicates the purpose of their departure, while the clause וְעַל־ צְבָא֔וֹ אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־ שְׁדֵיאֽוּר — and Elizur son of Shedeur was over them provides the leadership context.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נָסַע as ἐχῆραν, which conveys a similar meaning of departing or setting out. This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the organized movement of the Israelite tribes.
The use of τάγμα for דֶּגֶל indicates a focus on military organization, aligning with the context of the Israelites as a camp preparing for journeying.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Numbers 10:18 describes how the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur leading them. This highlights the organized nature of the Israelite encampments as they journeyed through the wilderness.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the tribe of Reuben had a designated flag or banner that represented them as they began their journey.
Elizur was a leader of the Reuben tribe during the Exodus, responsible for leading his division of the camp.
The organization reflects the Israelites' structure and order as they followed God's commands during their journey in the wilderness.
It illustrates the systematic approach the Israelites took in their travels, emphasizing their identity as tribes and their obedience to God's direction.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the organization of the camp teach us about leadership and structure in our own lives?
- How can we apply the idea of setting out under a standard in our personal journeys of faith?
- In what ways can we honor the leaders in our communities as the Israelites honored Elizur?
- How does understanding the context of the Israelite camps enhance our reading of this passage?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Numbers 10:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies,.... Next proceeded the standard of Reuben, having under it the tribes of Simeon and Gad, Numbers 10:19; as "Reuben"
Read John Gill on Numbers 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd they first took their journey according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses. They first took their journey ... by the hand of Moses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesNumbers 10:11-34 The departure from Sinai The section consists of two well-defined narratives: Numbers 10:11-28 and Numbers 10:29-33 . The latter is obviously parallel to the former, and not a continuation of it; Moses’ request to Ḥ ?obab was made immediately before the departure, Numbers 10:34 is P’s continuation of Num 10:28.
Read Cambridge on Numbers 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible17-21. Bearing the tabernacle — By inspecting the plan of the camp (Numbers 2:5, cut) it will be seen that the bearers of the various parts of the tabernacle wheeled into the column after the entire
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Then the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur in command.
The standard of the camp of Reuben went forward according to their armies. Elizur the son of Shedeur was over his army.
Then the divisions of the camp of Reuben set out under their standard, with Elizur son of Shedeur in command.
The standard of the camp of Reuben set out according to their companies; over his company was Elizur son of Shedeur.
Tyndale line
¶ And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their hosts: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
And the standard of the camp of Reuben moved forward according to their armies: and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
After, departed the standerd of the hoste of Reuben, according to their armies, and ouer his band was Elizur the sonne of Shedeur.
Strictly literal
And the standard of the camp of Reuben set forward according to their hosts, and over his host was Elizur the son of Shedeur;
And the standard of the camp of Reuben hath journeyed, by their hosts, and over its host [is] Elizur son of Shedeur.
And the standard of the camp of Reuben has journeyed, by their hosts, and over its host [is] Elizur son of Shedeur.
Then set forward the standard of the camp of Reuben, according to their armies: and over their host was Elizur the son of Shedeur.
Next, the armies under the banner of Reuben's camp set out on their journey. Elizur son of Shedeur led Reuben's army.
From the Latin
And the sons of Ruben also marched, by their troops and ranks, whose prince was Helisur the son of Sedeur.
Simplified
Then came the divisions of Reuben who marched out under their flag, with Elizur, son of Shedeur, in charge.
Then the flag of the children of Reuben went forward with their armies: and at the head of his army was Elizur, the son of Shedeur.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint align closely, with 9 of the 10 words matched. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, using בני instead of רְאוּבֵן, indicating a different emphasis on familial connection. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but maintain the core elements of the text.
וְנָסַ֗ע דֶּ֛גֶל מַחֲנֵ֥ה רְאוּבֵ֖ן לְצִבְאֹתָ֑ם וְעַל־ צְבָא֔וֹ אֱלִיצ֖וּר בֶּן־ שְׁדֵיאֽוּר׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ונסע דגל מחנה בני ראובן לצבאתם ועל צבאו אליצור בן שׁדיאור
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: בני (son)
ונסע דגל מחנה ראובן לצבאת׳ם [ועל] [צבא׳ו] [אליצור] [בן] [שדיאור]
4 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Numbers 10:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
נָסַע (naca`) means to pull out or up, particularly in the context of setting out on a journey. It encompasses actions like departing, marching, and removing, with nuances related to both physical movement and the wind. The word can also imply causing someone or something to set out or be led away.
נָסַע 147 vb. pull out or up, set out, journey
Qal 137
pull out or up
hence (from pulling up tent-pegs),
set out
depart
journey, march (by stages)
of wind
Niph. be pulled up, removed
Hiph.
cause to set out, lead out
remove
base
H5265 נָסַע pull out or up, set out, journey .. pull out or up
. hence (from pulling up tent-pegs), . set out
. depart
. journey, march (by stages)
. of wind
. be pulled up, removed
. . cause to set out, lead out
. remove
5265 naca` naw-sah'
a primitive root; properly, to pull up, especially the
tent-pins, i.e. start on a journey:--cause to blow, bring,
get, (make to) go (away, forth, forward, onward, out), (take)
journey, march, remove, set aside (forward), X still, be on
his (go their) way.
נָסַע (na.sa) — to set out.
1) to pull out, pull up, set out, journey, remove, set forward, depart
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pull out or up
1a2) to set out, depart
1a3) to journey, march
1a4) to set forth (of wind)
1b) (Niphal) to be pulled up, be removed, be plucked up
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to set out, lead out, cause to spring up
1c2) to remove, quarry
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqq3ms
דֶּ֫גֶל (degel) refers to a flag or banner, indicating a standard. It is derived from a related root, and the entries consistently define it as a standard or banner without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
[דֶּ֫גֶל] n.m. standard, banner
base
H1714 דֶּ֫גֶל
1714 degel deh'-gel
from 1713; a flag:--banner, standard.
see HEBREW for 01713
דֶּ֫גֶל (de.gel) — standard.
banner, standard
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
מַחֲנֶה (machaneh) refers to an encampment or camp, encompassing both literal and figurative meanings. It can denote a place where people or troops gather, an army, or a body of individuals. The term is used in various contexts, including military, social, and even celestial gatherings.
מַחֲנֶה 214 n.m. and f. encampment, camp
camp, place of encampment
camp of armed host
those who encamp
company, body of people
army, host
base
H4264 מַחֲנֶה encampment, camp . camp, place of encampment
. camp of armed host
. . those who encamp
. company, body of people
. army, host
4264 machaneh makh-an-eh'
from 2583; an encampment (of travellers or troops); hence, an
army, whether literal (of soldiers) or figurative (of dancers,
angels, cattle, locusts, stars; or even the sacred courts):--
army, band, battle, camp, company, drove, host, tents.
see HEBREW for 02583
מַחֲנֶה (ma.cha.neh) — camp.
1) encampment, camp
1a) camp, place of encampment
1b) camp of armed host, army camp
1c) those who encamp, company, body of people
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רְאוּבֵן (Reuben) refers to the eldest son of Jacob and Leah, meaning 'behold a son.' He is the ancestor of the tribe of Reuben, which is mentioned in the context of the Old Testament. The name is derived from the imperative of the verb for 'see' and the word for 'son.' Reuben is first mentioned in Genesis 29:32.
רְאוּבֵן 71 n.pr.m. Reuben
eldest son of Jacob and Leah
as name of clan or tribe
base
H7205 רְאוּבֵן Reuben
7205 R'uwben reh-oo-bane'
from the imperative of 7200 and 1121; see ye a son; Reuben, a
son of Jacob:--Reuben.
see HEBREW for 07200
see HEBREW for 01121
רְאוּבֵן (re.u.ven) — Reuben.
A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.29.32;
son of: Israel (H3478) and Leah (H3812);
brother of: Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074) and Dinah (H1783);
half-brother of: Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144);
father of: Hanoch (H2585J), Pallu (H6396), Hezron (H2696) and Carmi (H3756)
§ Reuben = "behold a son"
1) the eldest son of Jacob by Leah
2) the tribe descended from Reuben
3) the territory inhabited by the tribe of Reuben
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
roo'-ben, ru'-ben (re'ubhen; Rhouben): The eldest son of Jacob, born to him by Leah in Paddan-aram (Ge 29:32).
1. Jacob's Oldest Son:
This verse seems to suggest two derivations of the name. As it stands in Massoretic Text it means "behold a son"; but the reason given for so calling him is "The Lord hath looked upon my affliction," which in Hebrew is ra'ah be`onyi, literally, "He hath seen my affliction." Of his boyhood we have only the story of the mandrakes (Ge 30:14). As the firstborn he should really have been leader among his father's sons. His birthright was forfeited by a deed of peculiar infamy (Ge 35:22), and as far as we know his tribe never took the lead in Israel. It is named first, indeed, in
Reuben
Behold a son!, the eldest son of Jacob and Leah (Gen. 29:32). His sinful conduct, referred to in Gen. 35:22, brought down upon him his dying father’s malediction (48:4). He showed kindness to Joseph, and was the means of saving his life when his other brothers would have put him to death (37:21,22). It was he also who pledged his life and the life of his sons when Jacob was unwilling to let Benjamin go down into Egypt. After Jacob and his family went down into Egypt (46:8) no further mention is made of Reuben beyond what is recorded in ch. 49:3,4.
(behold a son), Jacob’s firstborn Child, (Genesis 29:32) the son of Leah. (B.C. 1753.) The notices of the patriarch Reuben give, on the whole a favorable view of his disposition. To him and him alone the preservation of Joseph’s life appears to have been due and afterward he becomes responsible for his safety. (Genesis 37:18-30; 42:37) Of the repulsive crime which mars his history, and which turned the blessing of his dying father into a curse --his adulterous connection with Bilhah-- we know from the Scriptures only the fact. (Genesis 35:22) He was of an ardent, impetuous, unbalanced but not ungenerous nature; not crafty and cruel, as were Simeon and Levi, but rather, to use the metaphor of the dying patriarch, boiling up…
Behold, a son! The eldest son of Jacob and Leah, so-called in reference to the sentiment of his mother, "The Lord hath looked on my affliction," Ge 29:32. Reuben, having defiled his father’s concubine Bilhah, lost his birthright and all the privileges of primogeniture, the preeminence in the family being given to Judah, and the double portion to the two sons of Joseph, Ge 35:22 48:5 49:3,4,8,10 1Ch 5:1,2. He shared in his brother’s jealousy of Joseph, and yet interposed to save his life at Dothan with the design of restoring him privately to his father, Ge 37:18-30. See also his well-meant proposal in Ge 42:27. His…
The Hebrew word צָבָא (*tsaba'*) primarily means 'army' or 'warfare,' encompassing organized groups for battle, divine hosts, and even celestial bodies. It can also refer to service or duty in a military context. The term appears in various forms, including צְבָאוֹת (*tsaba'ot*), which denotes the 'hosts' of the Lord, particularly in relation to God's role in warfare.
צָבָא 485 n.m. army, war, warfare
army, host
war, warfare, service
service
צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
base
H6635a צָבָא army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
H6635b צְבָאוֹת army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
6635 tsaba' tsaw-baw'
or (feminine) tsbadah {tseb-aw-aw'}; from 6633; a mass of
persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized
for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or
figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship):--appointed
time, (+) army, (+) battle, company, host, service, soldiers,
waiting upon, war(-fare).
see HEBREW for 06633
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army.
: army
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — Hosts.
The Hosts (of the Lord)
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: war.
: war
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: duty.
: duty
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncfpc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
The Hebrew word צָבָא (*tsaba'*) primarily means 'army' or 'warfare,' encompassing organized groups for battle, divine hosts, and even celestial bodies. It can also refer to service or duty in a military context. The term appears in various forms, including צְבָאוֹת (*tsaba'ot*), which denotes the 'hosts' of the Lord, particularly in relation to God's role in warfare.
צָבָא 485 n.m. army, war, warfare
army, host
war, warfare, service
service
צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
base
H6635a צָבָא army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
H6635b צְבָאוֹת army, war, warfare . army, host
. war, warfare, service
. service
. צְבָאוֹת, in name of י׳ as God of war, prob. first in time of warlike David (some connect with sacred ark, but ark older)
6635 tsaba' tsaw-baw'
or (feminine) tsbadah {tseb-aw-aw'}; from 6633; a mass of
persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized
for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or
figuratively (specifically, hardship, worship):--appointed
time, (+) army, (+) battle, company, host, service, soldiers,
waiting upon, war(-fare).
see HEBREW for 06633
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army.
: army
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — Hosts.
The Hosts (of the Lord)
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: war.
: war
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
צָבָא (tsa.va) — army: duty.
: duty
1) that which goes forth, army, war, warfare, host
1a) army, host
1a1) host (of organised army)
1a2) host (of angels)
1a3) of sun, moon, and stars
1a4) of whole creation
1b) war, warfare, service, go out to war
1c) service
HNcmsc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
אֱלִיצוּר (Eleytsuwr) is a Hebrew name meaning 'God of the rock' or 'Rock is God.' It refers to Elizur, a chief of the tribe of Reuben during the time of the Exodus, first mentioned in Numbers 1:5. The name is composed of elements meaning 'God' and 'rock,' highlighting a significant connection to divine strength.
אֱלִיצוּר n.pr.m. (Rock is God) chief of Reuben
base
H468 אֱלִיצוּר
468 'Eleytsuwr el-ee-tsoor'
from 410 and 6697; God of (the) rock; Elitsur, an
Israelite:--Elizur.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 06697
אֱלִיצוּר (e.li.tsur) — Elizur.
A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.1.5;
son of: Shedeur (H7707)
§ Elizur = "my God is a rock" or "Rock is God"
a chief of Reuben in the wilderness
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
prince of the tribe and over the host of Reuben. (Numbers 1:5; 2:10; 7:30,35; 10:18)
God is my strength; my rock; rock of God
→ A chief of Reuben Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30,35; 10:18
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שְׁדֵיאוּר (Shdey'uwr) refers to Shedeur, an Israelite mentioned in the context of the tribe of Reuben during the Exodus. The name is derived from roots meaning 'spreader of light' or 'darter of light.' He is noted as the father of Elizur, who was a chief of the tribe at that time.
שְׁדֵיאוּר n.pr.m. in Reuben
base
H7707 שְׁדֵיאוּר
7707 Shdey'uwr shed-ay-oor'
from the same as 7704 and 217; spreader of light; Shedejur,
an Israelite:--Shedeur.
see HEBREW for 07704
see HEBREW for 0217
שְׁדֵיאוּר (she.de.ur) — Shedeur.
A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Num.1.5;
father of: Elizur (H0468)
§ Shedeur = "darter of light"
father of Elizur, chief of the tribe of Reuben at the time of the exodus
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
shed'-e-ur, she-de'-ur (shedhe'ur, "daybreak"; Codex Vaticanus Sediour, Ediour): The father of Elizur, the chief of Reuben (Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30). French Delitzsch correctly conceives the name as an Assyrian compound, sad uri, "daybreak." Cf, however, Gray, HPN, 169, 197, who emends the text to read Shaddai 'Ur, "Shaddai is flame."
(darter of light), the father of Elizur, chief of the tribe of Reuben at the time of the exodus. (Numbers 1:5; 2:10; 7:30,35; 10:18) (B.C. 1491.)
field of light; light of the Almighty
→ Father of Elizur Nu 1:5; 2:10; 7:30,35; 10:18