Nehemiah 13:4 — Word Study
WLCוְלִפְנֵ֣י מִזֶּ֔ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־ אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ קָר֖וֹב לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃
BSANow beforepânîym [in the presence of, prior to] thiszeh EliashibʼElyâshîyb [God restores, the high priest] the priestkôhên [one who serves God, a spiritual leader] a relativeqârôwb [near kin, closely related] of TobiahṬôwbîyâh [Jehovah is good] had been put in charge ofnâthan [appointed, set, overseeing, responsible for] the storeroomslishkâh [chambers, rooms] of the housebayith [dwelling place, temple] of our Godʼĕlôhîym [Elohim, the supreme deity]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְלִפְנֵ֣י | and before | Conjunction, preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| מִזֶּ֔ה | from this | Preposition, particle |
| אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ | Eliashib | Noun proper masculine |
| הַכֹּהֵ֔ן | the priest | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| נָת֖וּן | [was] appointed | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) masculine singular |
| בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת | over [the] store-room of | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| בֵּית־ | [the] house of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ | God our | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| קָר֖וֹב | [one] near | Adj |
| לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃ | to Tobiah | Preposition, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Now before this, Eliashib the priest, a relative of Tobiah, had been put in charge of the storerooms of the house of our God |
| KJV | ¶ And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah: |
| ASV | Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, being allied unto Tobiah, |
| YLT | And before this Eliashib the priest, appointed over chambers of the house of our God, [is] a relation of Tobiah, |
| WEB | Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the rooms of the house of our God, being allied to Tobiah, |
| BBE | Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who had been placed over the rooms of the house of our God, being a friend of Tobiah, |
There is agreement across translations regarding Eliashib's role and the context of his appointment.
The sentence has a main clause with a subordinate prepositional phrase detailing Eliashib's responsibilities.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbנָתַן
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Nehemiah 13:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Administration of the Templegenerated
Nehemiah 13:4 describes Eliashib, a priest, who was appointed to manage the storerooms of the temple. This occurs in the context of reforms that aimed to restore proper worship and order in Jerusalem after the return from exile. The narrative emphasizes the significance of leadership roles in maintaining the sanctity and operations of the temple, as seen in the preceding verses where the people are instructed to exclude those of foreign descent from Israel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nehemiah 12:10 | Jeshua was the father of Joiakim, Joiakim was the father of Eliashib, Eliashib was the father of Joiada, |
| 2 | Nehemiah 12:44 | And on that same day men were appointed over the rooms that housed the supplies, contributions, firstfruits, and tithes. The portions specified by the Law for the priests and Levites were gathered into these storerooms from the fields of the villages, because Judah rejoiced over the priests and Levites who were serving. |
| 3 | Nehemiah 13:28 | Even one of the sons of Jehoiada son of Eliashib the high priest had become a son-in-law to Sanballat the Horonite. Therefore I drove him away from me. |
| 4 | Nehemiah 6:17–18 | Also in those days, the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah, and Tobiah’s letters came back to them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נָת֖וּן, na.Tungenerated
The Hebrew word נָתַן (*natan*) means 'to give' or 'to set,' and in this context, it refers to Eliashib being appointed or assigned a specific role. This verb is in the passive participle form, indicating that Eliashib was appointed by someone else, although the agent is not specified.
The use of this word underscores the importance of roles within the temple's structure, highlighting how individuals were designated to manage the sacred spaces and resources effectively.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, Eliashib is described as having been put in charge, a phrase that aligns with the KJV's appointed and the ASV's set, all conveying the idea of being assigned a responsibility.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb נָת֖וּן, was appointed, governs the sentence, indicating Eliashib's role. The structure includes a prepositional phrase that specifies what he was appointed to oversee, followed by a noun phrase detailing the storerooms.
The sentence is constructed to emphasize Eliashib's position and responsibilities, with the order reflecting the significance of the temple's storerooms in the context of worship.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew word נָתַן as οἰκῶν, meaning 'to dwell' or 'to reside,' which emphasizes the function of the storerooms as places of storage for the temple's offerings and supplies.
This choice of word in the Greek suggests a focus on the physical space and its importance in the temple's operations, highlighting the role of Eliashib in managing these resources.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Nehemiah 13:4 tells us that Eliashib the priest, who was related to Tobiah, was appointed to oversee the storerooms of the house of God. This verse highlights the importance of leadership in the temple and the organization of its resources.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Eliashib was a priest mentioned in Nehemiah's time, and his name means 'God restores.' He played a significant role in managing the temple.
Being put in charge means Eliashib was appointed to oversee the storerooms, indicating a position of responsibility in the temple's administration.
Tobiah is mentioned as a relative of Eliashib, which raises questions about the relationships and alliances during the time of Nehemiah's reforms.
The storerooms were important for storing offerings and supplies for worship, reflecting the temple's operational needs and the management of its resources.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What roles do leaders play in our communities, and how can we support them?
- How can we ensure that our places of worship are well-managed and organized?
- What can we learn from Eliashib's appointment about the importance of responsibility?
- In what ways can we build relationships that support our community's leaders?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers referenced this verse to discuss the importance of leadership and order in worship, emphasizing the role of priests in maintaining the sanctity of the temple.
Over this thing: Or, he was faulty in this thing, or in this kind.Early Church Fathers on Nehemiah 13 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Nehemiah 13:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd before this,.... Before the above law was read, and observed and acted upon: Eliashib the priest; whom some take to be a common priest; so Bishop Usher (a); but he seems rather to be the high
Read John Gill on Nehemiah 13 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah: Before this.
Read Robert Jamieson on Nehemiah 13 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEliashib the priest; the high priest, , or some other priest so called, there being divers Eliashibs in or about this time, ,24,27,36, though the first seems most probable, by comparing this verse with , and with ,11. The oversight of the chamber, i.e. of the chambers, as appears from the following verse, and from , where it is called chambers, and from the nature of the thing, the high priest having the chief power over the house of God, and all the chambers belonging to it. The singular number for the plural. Allied unto Tobiah, the Ammonite, and a violent enemy to God’ s people. So this is noted as a great blemish to Eliashib, and as the cause of his other miscarriage, noted .
Read Matthew Poole on Nehemiah 13 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsNehemiah 13:4 And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, [was] allied unto Tobiah:Ver. 4. And before this] Before the commandment came as a lamp, and the law a light, causing a reformation. As toads and serpents grow in dark and dirty cellars, so do sinful disorders in ignorant places and persons. Eliashib the priest] The high priest; but such a one as from whom profaneness went forth into all the land, Jeremiah 23:15. The sins of teachers are teachers of sins. Having the oversight of the chamber] i.e. Of all the chambers of the temple, by virtue of his office; and, therefore, thought belike he might do what he wished with them (now in…
Read John Trapp on Nehemiah 13 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. Eliashib the priest] Perhaps this was a different person from Eliashib the high priest; but there is no indubitable evidence that he was not the same. If he was high priest, he was very unfaithful to the high charge which he had received; and a reproach to the priesthood. He had married his grandson to Sanballat's daughter: this produced a connection with Tobiah, the fast friend of Sanballat; in whose favour he polluted the house of God, giving him one of the chambers for his ordinary residence, which were appointed for the reception of the tithes, oblations, &c., that came to the house of God.
Read AdamClarke on Nehemiah 13 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesPart IV. ’S SECOND VISITCh. Nehemiah 13:4-9. His Vindication of the Sanctity of the Temple. Nehemiah 13:10-14. His Provision for the Maintenance of the Levites. Nehemiah 13:15-22. His Measures to uphold the Observance of the Sabbath. Nehemiah 13:23-29. His Action against Mixed Marriages. Nehemiah 13:30-31. His Concluding Words. –31. Nehemiah’s memoirs resumed4–9. An incident twelve years later: Eliashib’s concession of a chamber in the Temple to Tobiah, and its purification by Nehemiah. For Nehemiah’s action and the necessity for it, cf. Malachi 2:1-9.
Read Cambridge on Nehemiah 13 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe relations of Eliashib, the high priest Nehemiah 3:1, with Tobiah and Sanballat will account for the absence of any reference to him either in Neh. 8–10, or in Neh. 12:27-47.
Read Albert Barnes on Nehemiah 13 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleOF THE CHAMBER BY TOBIAH, Nehemiah 13:4-9. 4. Before this — Before the separation of the mixed multitude from Israel. Eliashib the priest — The high priest mentioned in Nehemiah 3:1.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Nehemiah 13 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, a relative of Tobiah, had been put in charge of the storerooms of the house of our God
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the rooms of the house of our God, being allied to Tobiah,
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, a relative of Tobiah, had been put in charge of the storerooms of the house of our God
But prior to this time, Eliashib the priest, a relative of Tobiah, had been appointed over the storerooms of the temple of our God.
Tyndale line
¶ And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied unto Tobiah:
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, being allied unto Tobiah,
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who was appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, being allied unto Tobiah,
And before this, Eliashib the priest, having the oversight of the chamber of the house of our God, was allied to Tobiah:
And before this had the Priest Eliashib the ouersight of the chamber of the house of our God, being kinsman to Tobiah:
Strictly literal
And before this, Eliashib the priest, who had the oversight of the chambers of the house of our God, a kinsman of Tobijah,
And before this Eliashib the priest, appointed over chambers of the house of our God, [is] a relation of Tobiah,
And before this Eliashib the priest, appointed over chambers of the house of our God, [is] a relation of Tobiah,
And before this, Elyashib the priest, appointed over the chambers of the house of our God, and a near [of kin] unto Tobiyah,
Now before this Eliashib the priest was appointed over the storerooms of the house of our God. He was related to Tobiah.
From the Latin
And over this thing was Eliasib the priest, who was set over the treasury of the house of our God, and was near akin to Tobias.
Simplified
Before all this, Eliashib the priest, who was related to Tobiah, had been put in charge of the storerooms of the Temple of our God.
Now before this, Eliashib the priest, who had been placed over the rooms of the house of our God, being a friend of Tobiah,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of Nehemiah 13:4, with all ten words matched. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of Eliashib's appointment and his role within the temple.
וְלִפְנֵ֣י מִזֶּ֔ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־ אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ קָר֖וֹב לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Nehemiah 13:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
Conj | Prep | N-cp — Conjunction · preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHC/R/Ncmpc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
זֶה (zeh) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone, be used appositively, or function as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns, adding emphasis and directness. In poetry, it may serve as a relative pronoun, though this usage is rare.
זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here
standing alone
In appos. to subst.
More oft. as pred.
It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
With prefixes (in special senses)
base
H2088 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone
. In appos. to subst.
. More oft. as pred.
. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
. With prefixes (in special senses)
2088 zeh zeh
a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this
or that:--he, X hence, X here, it(-self), X now, X of him, the
one...the other, X than the other, (X out of) the (self) same,
such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on
that side, X thus, very, which. Compare 2063, 2090, 2097,
2098.
see HEBREW for 02063
see HEBREW for 02090
see HEBREW for 02097
see HEBREW for 02098
זֶה (zeh) — this.
1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such
1a) (alone)
1a1) this one
1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another
1b) (appos to subst)
1b1) this
1c) (as predicate)
1c1) this, such
1d) (enclitically)
1d1) then
1d2) who, whom
1d3) how now, what now
1d4) what now
1d5) wherefore now
1d6) behold here
1d7) just now
1d8) now, now already
1e) (poetry)
1e1) wherein, which, those who
1f) (with prefixes)
1f1) in this (place) here, then
1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter
1f3) thus and thus
1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus
1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side
1f6) on this account
1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Prep | Pron — Preposition · particleHR/Tm
אֶלְיָשִׁיב (Elyashiyb) means "God will restore" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, particularly a priest during David's reign and a high priest in Nehemiah's time. The name is composed of elements meaning 'God' and 'to restore.' Eliashib is mentioned in contexts related to the priestly lineage and temple service.
אֶלְיָשִׁיב n.pr.m. (God restores)
a descendant of David
priest of David’s time
high priest of Nehemiah’s time
a singer
one of the line of Zattu
one of the line of Bani
base
H475 אֶלְיָשִׁיב
475 'Elyashiyb el-yaw-sheeb'
from 410 and 7725; God will restore; Eljashib, the name of
six Israelites:--Eliashib.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 07725
אֶלְיָשִׁיב (el.ya.shiv) — Eliashib.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.3.24;
son of: Elioenai (H0454B);
brother of: Hodaviah (H1938), Pelaiah (H6411B), Akkub (H6126), Johanan (H3110I), Delaiah (H1806) and Anani (H6054)
§ Eliashib = "God restores"
1) a priest in David's reign
2) a descendant of David
3) a high priest in Nehemiah's time
4) a temple singer with foreign wife
5) one of the line of Zattu
6) one of the line of Bani
אֶלְיָשִׁיב (el.ya.shiv) — Eliashib.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.24.12
§ Eliashib = "God restores"
1) a priest in David's reign
2) a descendant of David
3) a high priest in Nehemiah's time
4) a temple singer with foreign wife
5) one of the line of Zattu
6) one of the line of Bani
אֶלְיָשִׁיב (el.ya.shiv) — Eliashib.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
e-li'-a-shib ('elyashibh, "God restores"):
(1) A descendant of David (1Ch 3:24).
(2) Head of the eleventh course of priests (1Ch 24:12).
(3) The high priest in the time of Nehemiah. He, with his brethren the priests, helped in the rebuilding of the wall (Ne 3:1). But later he was "allied unto Tobiah" the Ammonite (Ne 13:4) and allowed that enemy of Nehemiah the use of a great chamber in the temple (Ne 13:5); and one of his grandsons, a son of Joiada, married a daughter of Sanballat the Horonite and was for this expelled from the community by Nehemiah (Ne 13:28).
Eliashib
Whom God will restore. (1.) A priest, head of one of the courses of the priests of the time of David (1 Chr. 24:12).
(2.) A high priest in the time of Ezra and Nehemiah (Neh. 12:22, 23). He rebuilt the eastern city wall (3:1), his own mansion being in that quarter, on the ridge Ophel (3:20, 21). His indulgence of Tobiah the Ammonite provoked the indignation of Nehemiah (13:4, 7).
(whom God restores). A priest in the time of King David eleventh in the order of the "governors" of the sanctuary. (1 Chronicles 24:12) One of the latest descendants of the royal family of Judah. (1 Chronicles 3:24) High priest at Jerusalem at the time of the rebuilding of the walls under Nehemiah. (Nehemiah 3:1,20,21) (B.C. 446.) A singer in the time of Ezra who had married a foreign wife. (Ezra 10:24) A son of Zattu, (Ezra 10:27) and A son of Bani, (Ezra 10:36) both of whom had transgressed in the same manner. (B.C. 458.)
כֹּהֵן (kohen) means 'priest' and is derived from the active participle of a related root. It encompasses various types of priests, including Levitical, Aaronic, and even pagan priests, as well as chief rulers or principal officers. The term is used in contexts referring to both Jewish and non-Jewish priestly roles.
כֹּהֵן 750 n.m. priest
base
H3548 כֹּהֵן priest
3548 kohen ko-hane'
active participle of 3547; literally, one officiating, a
priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a
layman):--chief ruler, X own, priest, prince, principal
officer.
see HEBREW for 03547
כֹּהֵן (ko.hen) — priest.
1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler
1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)
1b) pagan priests
1c) priests of Jehovah
1d) Levitical priests
1e) Zadokite priests
1f) Aaronic priests
1g) the high priest
Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
prest (kohen, "priest," "prince," "minister"; hiereus archiereus; for hiereus megas, of Heb 10:21, see Thayer's Lexicon, under the word hiereus:
I. NATURE OF THE PRIESTLY OFFICE
1. Implies Divine Choice
2. Implies Representation
3. Implies Offering Sacrifice
4. Implies Intercession
II. THE TWO GREAT PRIESTS OF THE OLD TESTAMENT, MELCHIZEDEK AND AARON
III. PRIESTLY FUNCTIONS AND CHARACTER
1. A Strictly Religious Order
2. Priestism Denied
3. The High Priest's Qualifications
4. Symbolism of Aaron's Rod
IV. CONSECRATION OF AARON AND HIS SONS (EXODUS 29; LEVITICUS 8)
1. Symbolism of Consecration
2. Type and Archetype
LITERATURE
A priest is one who is duly authorized to minister in sacred things, particularly to offer sacrifices at the altar, and who acts as mediator between men and God. In the New Testament the term is applied to priests of the Gentiles…
Priest
The Heb. kohen, Gr. hierus, Lat. sacerdos, always denote one who offers sacrifices.
At first every man was his own priest, and presented his own sacrifices before God. Afterwards that office devolved on the head of the family, as in the cases of Noah (Gen. 8:20), Abraham (12:7; 13:4), Isaac (26:25), Jacob (31:54), and Job (Job 1:5).
The name first occurs as applied to Melchizedek (Gen. 14:18). Under the Levitical arrangements the office of the priesthood was limited to the tribe of Levi, and to only one family of that tribe, the family of Aaron. Certain laws respecting the qualifications of priests are given in Lev. 21:16-23. There are ordinances also regarding the…
The English word is derived from the Greek presbyter , signifying an "elder" (Heb. cohen). Origin. --The idea of a priesthood connects itself in all its forms, pure or corrupted, with the consciousness, more or less distinct of sin. Men feel that they have broken a law. The power above them is holier than they are, and they dare not approach it. They crave for the intervention of some one of whom they can think as likely to be more acceptable than themselves. He must offer up their prayers, thanksgivings, sacrifices. He becomes their representative in "things pertaining unto God." He may become also (though this does not always follow) the representative of God to man. The functions of the priest and prophet may exist in the same person. No trace of a hereditary or caste priesthood meets us in the worship of the patriarchal age. Once and once only does the word cohen meet us as…
One who officiated in the public worship of God, especially in making expiation for sin, being "ordained for men in things pertaining to God, to offer both gifts and sacrifices for sins." In the Old Testament, the priesthood was not annexed to a certain family till after the promulgation of the law by Moses. Before that time, the firstborn of each family, the fathers, the princes, the kings, were priests in their own cities and in their own houses. Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, and Job, Abimelech and Laban, Isaac and Jacob offered personally their own sacrifices. In the solemnity of the covenant made by the Lord with his people, at the foot of Mount Sinai, Moses performed the office of mediator, and young men were chosen from among Israel to perform the office of priests, Ex 24:5. But after the Lord had chosen the tribe of Levi to…
The Hebrew word נָתַן (natan) means 'to give' and encompasses a wide range of applications such as putting, setting, and making. It can also indicate actions like bestowing, delivering, and assigning. The entries describe its use in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hophal, but do not present any significant disagreements among lexicons.
נָתַן 2007 vb. give, put, set
Qal 1917
give
Put, set
Make, constitute
Niph.
82be given
Be put, set
Hoph.
be given, bestowed
= be given to one for wife
be put upon
base
H5414 נָתַן give, put, set .. give
. Put, set
. Make, constitute
. . be given
. Be put, set
. . . be given, bestowed
. = be given to one for wife
. be put upon
5414 nathan naw-than'
a primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of
application (put, make, etc.):--add, apply, appoint, ascribe,
assign, X avenge, X be ((healed)), bestow, bring (forth,
hither), cast, cause, charge, come, commit, consider, count, +
cry, deliver (up), direct, distribute, do, X doubtless, X
without fail, fasten, frame, X get, give (forth, over, up),
grant, hang (up), X have, X indeed, lay (unto charge, up),
(give) leave, lend, let (out), + lie, lift up, make, + O that,
occupy, offer, ordain, pay, perform, place, pour, print, X
pull , put (forth), recompense, render, requite, restore, send
(out), set (forth), shew, shoot forth (up), + sing, + slander,
strike, (sub-)mit, suffer, X surely, X take, thrust, trade,
turn, utter, + weep, + willingly, + withdraw, + would (to)
God, yield.
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: give.
: give/deliver/send/produce
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to give, bestow, grant, permit, ascribe, employ, devote, consecrate, dedicate, pay wages, sell, exchange, lend, commit, entrust, give over, deliver up, yield produce, occasion, produce, requite to, report, mention, utter, stretch out, extend
1a2) to put, set, put on, put upon, set, appoint, assign, designate
1a3) to make, constitute
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be given, be bestowed, be provided, be entrusted to, be granted to, be permitted, be issued, be published, be uttered, be assigned
1b2) to be set, be put, be made, be inflicted
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be given, be bestowed, be given up, be delivered up
1c2) to be put upon
נָתַן (na.tan) — to give: put.
: put/set/apppoint
1) to give, put, set
1a) (Qal)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) masculine singularHVqsmsa
לִשְׁכָּה (lishkah) refers to a room or chamber within a building, which can serve various purposes such as storage, eating, or lodging. The word is derived from an unused root of uncertain meaning and is synonymous with terms for hall or cell. It appears in contexts related to physical spaces.
לִשְׁכָּה n.f. room, chamber, hall, cell, lishka
base
H3957 לִשְׁכָּה
3957 lishkah lish-kaw'
from an unused root of uncertain meaning; a room in a
building (whether for storage, eating, or lodging):--chamber,
parlour. Compare 5393.
see HEBREW for 05393
לִשְׁכָּה (lish.kah) — chamber.
room, chamber, hall, cell
Prep | N-fs — Preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHR/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word בַּיִת (*bayith*) means 'house' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including dwelling, family, and place. It can refer to physical structures, such as homes and temples, as well as metaphorical uses like the body or household affairs. The word is built from the root related to 'between' and appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between
base
בַּ֫יִת 2034 n.m. house
house
place
receptacle
of house as containing a family
household, family (592 t.)
house, including household affairs
lit. housewards, hence metaph. inwards
מִבַּיִת
adv. on the inside
prep. within
base
H1004a בֵּית fem. of בַּיִן, בֵּין prep. between H1004b בַּ֫יִת house
1004 bayith bah'-yith
probably from 1129 abbreviated; a house (in the greatest
variation of applications, especially family, etc.):--court,
daughter, door, + dungeon, family, + forth of, X great as
would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter)house(-hold),
inside(-ward), palace, place, + prison, + steward, + tablet,
temple, web, + within(-out).
see HEBREW for 01129
בֵּית (bet) — place.
nm
place, origin, between
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — house: home.
: home/temple/building
nm
1) house
1a) house, dwelling habitation
1b) shelter or abode of animals
1c) human bodies (fig.)
1d) of Sheol
1e) of abode of light and darkness
1f) of land of Ephraim
2) place
3) receptacle
4) home, house as containing a family
5) household, family
5a) those belonging to the same household
5b) family of descendants, descendants as organized body
6) household affairs
7) inwards (metaph.)
8) (TWOT) temple
adv
9) on the inside
prep
10) within
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(ashbea).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with ash.be.a (אַשְׁבֵּעַ "Ashbea" H0791)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth (Haggan).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
Combined with hag (גַּן "Haggan" H1588)
בַּ֫יִת (ba.yit) — Beth-(togarmah).
nm
This name is used for a house, habitation
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.
אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.
pl. in number.
rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power
divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels
angels
gods
pl. intensive
god or goddess
godlike one
works of God, or things belongng to him
God
הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God
אֱלֹהִים = God
base
H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power
. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels
. angels
. gods
. pl. intensive . god or goddess
. godlike one
. works of God, or things belongng to him
. God
. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God
. אֱלֹהִים = God
430 'elohiym el-o-heem'
plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically
used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the
supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to
magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X
exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X
mighty.
see HEBREW for 0433
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.
This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.
Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)
אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.
Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp1bp
קָרֹב (qarowb) means 'near' and can refer to proximity in place, time, or personal relationships, including kinship. It is derived from the root meaning to approach or be allied. The term appears in various contexts, such as describing the nearest city or a neighbor, as well as in relation to God.
קָרֹב, קָרוֹב 78 adj. near;—
of city, the nearest
of pers.:
the nearest to; his neighbour.
abs.
of near relationship
near to י׳
near to י׳ in ceremon. function
of God (י׳)
of word
of time
base
H7138 קָרֹב, קָרוֹב near
7138 qarowb kaw-robe'
or qarob {kaw-robe'}; from 7126; near (in place, kindred or
time):--allied, approach, at hand, + any of kin,
kinsfold(-sman), (that is) near (of kin), neighbour, (that is)
next, (them that come) nigh (at hand), more ready, short(-ly).
see HEBREW for 07126
קָרֹב (qa.rov) — near.
1) near
1a) of place
1b) of time
1c) of personal relationship
1c1) kinship
Adj — AdjHAamsa
טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ (Towbiyah) means 'Jehovah is good' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. It is built from the roots for 'goodness' and 'Jehovah.' This name is associated with a Levite during Jehoshaphat's reign, an Ammonite adversary of Nehemiah, and a head of a family returning from exile. The name appears in contexts related to the Exile and Return.
טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ, טוֹבִיָּה n.pr.m. (Yah(u) is my good)
a Levite, assigned to reign of Jehoshaphat
Ammonite adversary of Nehem.
head of a family of returning exiles of doubtful lineage
a chief of returning exiles
base
H2900 טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ, טוֹבִיָּה
2900 Towbiyah to-bee-yaw'
or Towbiyahuw {to-bee-yaw'-hoo}; from 2896 and 3050; goodness
of Jehovah; Tobijah, the name of three Israelites and of one
Samaritan:--Tobiah, Tobijah.
see HEBREW for 02896
see HEBREW for 03050
טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ (to.viy.yah) — Tobijah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.17.8
§ Tobiah = "Jehovah is good"
1) head of a family who returned from exile with Zerubbabel but who were unable to prove their connection with Israel
2) the Ammonite who with Sanballat opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem
3) a Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat
4) a chief of the returning exiles
טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ (to.viy.yah) — Tobiah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.60
§ Tobiah = "Jehovah is good"
1) head of a family who returned from exile with Zerubbabel but who were unable to prove their connection with Israel
2) the Ammonite who with Sanballat opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem
3) a Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat
4) a chief of the returning exiles
טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ (to.viy.yah) — Tobiah.
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper masculineHR/Npm
to-bi'-a (Tobhiyah; Codex Alexandrinus Tobias; omitted in Codex Vaticanus):
(1) An Ammonite slave (King James Version, "servant"), probably of Sanballat, the governor of Samaria (Ne 2:10). He was grieved exceedingly when Nehemiah came to seek the welfare of the children of Israel. In two ways he was connected by marriage with the Jews, having himself married the daughter of Shecaniah, the son of Arab, and his son Jehohanan having married the daughter of Meshullam, the son of Berechiah (Ne 6:18). Because of this close connection with the Jews, the nobles of the latter corresponded by letter with him and also reported his good deeds to Nehemiah and reported Nehemiah's words to Tobiah. In consequence of the report, Tobiah sent letters to Nehemiah to put him in fear (6:17-19). Nehemiah…
Tobiah
Pleasing to Jehovah, the “servant,” the “Ammonite,” who joined with those who opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem after the Exile (Neh. 2:10). He was a man of great influence, which he exerted in opposition to the Jews, and “sent letters” to Nehemiah “to put him in fear” (Neh. 6:17-19). “Eliashib the priest” prepared for him during Nehemiah’s absence “a chamber in the courts of the house of God,” which on his return grieved Nehemiah sore, and therefore he “cast forth all the household stuff of Tobiah out of the chamber” (13:7, 8).
(goodness of Jehovah). "The children of Tobiah" were a family who returned with Zerubbabel, but were unable to prove their connection with Israel -- (Ezra 2:60; Nehemiah 7:62) (B.C. before 536.) "Tobiah the slave, the Ammonite," played a conspicuous part in the rancorous position made by Sanballat the Moabite and his adherents to the rebuilding of Jerusalem. (B.C. 446.) The two races of Moab and Ammon found in these men fit representatives of that hereditary hatred to the Israelites which began before the entrance into Caanan, and was not extinct when the Hebrews had ceased to exist as a nation. But Tobiah, though a slave, (Nehemiah 2:10,19) --unless, this is a title of opprobrium --and an Ammonite, found means to ally himself…
An Ammonite prince, in league with Sanballat and the Samaritans against the pious Jews, who were rebuilding the ruined temple, Ne 2:10; 4:3. His threats and treachery were employed in vain. During Nehemiah’s absence, Tobiah was unlawfully established by some of the chief men of Judah, his relatives, in a fine apartment of the new temple; but was ignominiously expelled on the governor’s return, Ne 6:17-19; 13:1-9.