Leviticus 26:33 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶתְכֶם֙ אֱזָרֶ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב וְהָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצְכֶם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ חָרְבָּֽה׃
BSAButʼêth I will scatterzârâh▸ [disperse, send out in all directions] you among the nationsgôwy [Gentiles, heathen] and will draw outrûwq a swordchereb [cutting instrument, weapon] after youʼachar as your landʼerets [country, territory] becomeshâyâh desolateshᵉmâmâh [wasted, laid waste] and your citiesʻîyr [towns, settlements] are laidhâyâh▸ wastechorbâh [made a desolation, ruined]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶתְכֶם֙ | and the object marker you | Conjunction, particle, suffix |
| אֱזָרֶ֣ה | I will scatter | Verb, Piel, imperfect first person common singular |
| בַגּוֹיִ֔ם | among the nations | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י | and I will draw | Verb, Hiphil, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם | after you | Suffix |
| חָ֑רֶב | a sword | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְהָיְתָ֤ה | and it will be | Verb, Qal, sequential perfect third person feminine singular |
| אַרְצְכֶם֙ | land your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| שְׁמָמָ֔ה | a desolation | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם | and cities your | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יִהְי֥וּ | they will be | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| חָרְבָּֽה׃ | a waste place | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste. |
| KJV | And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste. |
| ASV | And you will I scatter among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you: and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste. |
| YLT | And you I scatter among nations, and have drawn out after you a sword, and your land hath been a desolation, and your cities are a waste. |
| WEB | I will scatter you among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you. Your land will be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste. |
| BBE | And I will send you out in all directions among the nations, and my sword will be uncovered against you, and your land will be without any living thing, and your towns will be made waste. |
Where they part company is חָ֑רֶב — see How Translations Differ.
One main verb with two subordinate clauses detailing the consequences of scattering.






7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbזָרָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Leviticus 26:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Consequences of Disobediencegenerated
Leviticus 26:33 outlines the severe consequences for the Israelites if they turn away from God's commandments. The passage emphasizes that their disobedience will lead to scattering among the nations, resulting in desolation of their land and cities. This theme of judgment is consistent throughout the book of Leviticus, which details the blessings of obedience and the curses of disobedience, as seen in the preceding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Deuteronomy 4:27 | Then the LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you. |
| 2 | Deuteronomy 28:64–66 | Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations, from one end of the earth to the other, and there you will worship other gods, gods of wood and stone, which neither you nor your fathers have known. |
| 3 | Psalm 44:11 | You have given us up as sheep to be devoured; You have scattered us among the nations. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 9:16 | I will scatter them among the nations that neither they nor their fathers have known, and I will send a sword after them until I have finished them off.” |
| 5 | Lamentations 1:3 | Judah has gone into exile under affliction and harsh slavery; she dwells among the nations but finds no place to rest. All her pursuers have overtaken her in the midst of her distress. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱזָרֶ֣ה, 'e.za.Rehgenerated
The verb זָרָה (zarah) means 'to scatter' and is in the Piel form, indicating an intensive action. This form suggests a deliberate act of scattering, emphasizing the severity of God's judgment on His people. The parsing as imperfect first person common singular indicates that God Himself will perform this action.
This word is used in various contexts throughout the Hebrew Bible, often relating to the scattering of people or objects. In this verse, it signifies the forced dispersion of the Israelites, highlighting the consequences of their unfaithfulness to God.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb אֱזָרֶ֣ה governs the main clause, with several phrases detailing the consequences: a prepositional phrase indicating where the scattering occurs, and a second clause describing the aftermath of desolation. The structure emphasizes the direct action of God followed by the resulting state of the land and cities.
The word order in Hebrew places the action of scattering at the forefront, underscoring the immediacy of God's judgment and its impact on the Israelites' future.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates אֱזָרֶ֣ה as διασπερῶ, meaning 'I will scatter.' This choice aligns closely with the Hebrew meaning, indicating a faithful rendering of the original text's intent.
The use of ἐχαναλώσει for וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י suggests a similar action of drawing out, maintaining the sense of a weapon being prepared against the people.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Leviticus 26:33 warns the Israelites that if they disobey God, He will scatter them among the nations and bring desolation to their land and cities. This verse highlights the consequences of turning away from God's commandments and the resulting judgment they will face.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Scattering refers to the forced dispersion of the Israelites among other nations as a consequence of their disobedience, indicating a loss of identity and homeland.
This verse reflects the broader theme of blessings for obedience and curses for disobedience that runs throughout Leviticus, emphasizing the serious consequences of turning away from God.
The desolation signifies God's judgment and the consequences of sin, illustrating the seriousness of the covenant relationship between God and His people.
While the specific context is historical, it serves as a reminder of the importance of faithfulness to God and the potential consequences of turning away from His commandments.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see God’s warnings in my own life?
- How can I remain faithful to God's commandments to avoid the consequences described in this verse?
- What does the desolation of cities and land teach us about the impact of sin?
- How can I encourage others to remain faithful and avoid the scattering mentioned in this verse?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Leviticus 26:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd I will scatter you among the Heathen,.... As with a fan, Jeremiah 15:7; so they were at the time of the Assyrian and Babylonish captivities, some were carried to one place, and some to another,
Read John Gill on Leviticus 26 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.
Read Robert Jamieson on Leviticus 26 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe sword shall follow you into strange lands, and you shall have no rest there.
Read Matthew Poole on Leviticus 26 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLeviticus 26:33 And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.Ver. 33. And I will scatter you.] As chaff. Compare Psalms 44:11 Zechariah 7:14. Therefore "fan you, fan you, O nation, not to be desired before the day pass as the chaff," &c.
Read John Trapp on Leviticus 26 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(33) And I will scatter you among the heathen.—They will not even be permitted to tarry among the ruins of their favoured places, but God Himself, who brings about the desolation, will disperse the surviving inhabitants far and wide. And will draw out a sword after you.—To show how complete this dispersion is to be, God is represented with a drawn sword in His hand pursuing them and scattering them, so that both their land and every city in it should be denuded of them, and that there should be no possibility of any of them turning back. Thus the sword which God promised should not go through their land (see Leviticus 26:6) if they walk according to the Divine commandments, will now be…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Leviticus 26 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges33. will draw out the sword] For this expression, as implying the hot pursuit of fugitives, see Ezekiel 5:2; Ezekiel 5:12; Ezekiel 12:14.
Read Cambridge on Leviticus 26 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible33. I will scatter you — This admonitory prophecy looks beyond the captivity of Israel in Babylon, its first fulfilment, to that world-wide dispersion which began at the destruction of Jerusalem and
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Leviticus 26 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste.
I will scatter you among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you. Your land will be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.
But I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you as your land becomes desolate and your cities are laid waste.
I will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe the sword after you, so your land will become desolate and your cities will become a waste.
Tyndale line
And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.
And you will I scatter among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you: and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.
And you will I scatter among the nations, and I will draw out the sword after you: and your land shall be a desolation, and your cities shall be a waste.
And I will scatter you among the heathen, and will draw out a sword after you: and your land shall be desolate, and your cities waste.
Also I wil scatter you among the heathen, and will drawe out a sworde after you, and your land shalbe waste, and your cities shalbe desolate.
Strictly literal
And I will scatter you among the nations, and will draw out the sword after you; and your land shall be desolation, and your cities waste.
And you I scatter among nations, and have drawn out after you a sword, and your land hath been a desolation, and your cities are a waste.
And I scatter you among nations, and have drawn out a sword after you, and your land has been a desolation, and your cities are a ruin.
And you will I scatter among the nations, and I will draw out after you the sword; and your land shall be a desolate wild, and your cities shall be a waste.
I will scatter you among the nations, and I will draw out my sword and follow you. Your land will be abandoned, and your cities will be ruined.
From the Latin
And I will scatter you among the Gentiles, and I will draw out the sword after you, and your land shall be desert, and your cities destroyed.
Simplified
I'm going to scatter you among the nations. You will be chased out by armies with swords as your land is ruined and your towns are destroyed.
And I will send you out in all directions among the nations, and my sword will be uncovered against you, and your land will be without any living thing, and your towns will be made waste.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text is supported by the Septuagint, which matches all twelve words in this verse. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs by one word, using הרקתי (be empty) instead of the Hebrew וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י (and I will draw). The Dead Sea Scrolls provide partial agreement, with 4Q23 containing most of the text but with some words restored by an editor.
וְאֶתְכֶם֙ אֱזָרֶ֣ה בַגּוֹיִ֔ם וַהֲרִיקֹתִ֥י אַחֲרֵיכֶ֖ם חָ֑רֶב וְהָיְתָ֤ה אַרְצְכֶם֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְעָרֵיכֶ֖ם יִהְי֥וּ חָרְבָּֽה׃
12 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואתכם אזרה בגוים והרקתי אחריכם חרב והיתה ארצכם שׁממה ועריכם יהיו חרבה
1 word differs from the Masoretic Text: הרקתי (be empty)
ואת׳כם אזרה בגוים [והריקתי] [אחרי׳כם] [חרב] [והיתה] [ארצ׳כם] שממה וערי׳כם יהיו חרבה
6 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
חרבה
1 word of the verse is on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Leviticus 26:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Conj | DirObjM | Suff — Conjunction · particle · suffixHC/To/Sp2mp
זָרָה (zarah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to scatter, fan, or winnow. It encompasses various actions such as tossing about, dispersing, and spreading. The word appears in different forms, including Qal (to scatter), Niphal (to be scattered), and Piel (to intensively scatter). Notably, it is used in contexts like the scattering of the Israelites and the winnowing of grain.
[זָרָה] vb. scatter, fan, winnow (Ar. Arabic cause to fly, scatter (of wind), winnow; Aram. דְּרָא, Syriac; Eth. Ethiopic)—
Qal
scatter, the powder into which the golden calf was ground
fan, winnow
Niph. be scattered, dispersed, of Israel
Pi.
(intens. of Qal) scatter, disperse, esp. of peoples
winnow, sift
Pu. be scattered
base
H2219 [זָרָה] scatter, fan, winnow
2219 zarah zaw-raw'
a primitive root (compare 2114); to toss about; by
implication, to diffuse, winnow:--cast away, compass,
disperse, fan, scatter (away), spread, strew, winnow.
see HEBREW for 02114
זָרָה (za.rah) — to scatter.
1) to scatter, fan, cast away, winnow, disperse, compass, spread, be scattered, be dispersed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to scatter
1a2) to fan, winnow
1b) (Niphal) to be scattered, be dispersed
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to scatter, disperse (intensive of Qal)
1c2) to winnow, sift
1d) (Pual) to be scattered, be spread out
V-Piel-Imperf-1cs — Verb · Piel · imperfect first person common singularHVpi1cs
גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.
גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people
base
גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
base
H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim
1471 gowy go'-ee
rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same
root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;
hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a
flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.
see HEBREW for 01465
גּוֹי (goy) — nation.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.
People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1
§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.
1) nation, people
1a) nation, people
1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people
1a2) of descendants of Abraham
1a3) of Israel
1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)
1c) Goyim? = "nations"
Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)
גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.
Goyim (Tidgal, king of)
Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
na'-shunz.
See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.
רִיק (ruq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to empty or pour out. It includes actions such as making something empty, pouring down, or drawing a sword. The Hiphil form indicates causing something to be emptied, while the Hophal form refers to being emptied out. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including empty vessels and rain.
[רִיק] vb. Hiph. make empty, empty out
empty vessels
pour out or down, rain
empty out (i.e. draw) sword
Hoph. be emptied out from vessel
base
H7324 רִיק Hiph. make empty, empty out . empty vessels
. pour out or down, rain
. empty out (i.e. draw) sword
. be emptied out from vessel
7324 ruwq rook
a primitive root; to pour out (literally or figuratively),
i.e. empty:--X arm, cast out, draw (out), (make) empty, pour
forth (out).
רִיק (ruq) — to empty.
1) to make empty, empty out
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to empty, keep empty or hungry
1a2) to pour out or down
1a3) to empty out
1b) (Hophal) to be emptied out
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vhq1cs
The Hebrew word אַחַר (*achar*) primarily denotes the concept of 'after' or 'behind' in both spatial and temporal contexts. It functions as a substantive, adverb, preposition, and conjunction, indicating a following part or time. The related form אַחֲרַי (*acharai*) refers to a person who turns backwards. There is a reference to Proverbs 28:23 in relation to the latter.
אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part
adv.
of place, behind
of time, afterwards
prep.
of place, behind, after
of time, after
conj. after that.
H310a אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part . adv. . of place, behind
. of time, afterwards
. prep. . of place, behind, after
. of time, after
. conj. after that.
H310b אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards.
310 'achar akh-ar'
from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an
adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after
(that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side),
behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from,
hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute,
posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth),
when, with.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחַר (a.char) — after.
1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time)
1a) as an adverb
1a1) behind (of place)
1a2) afterwards (of time)
1b) as a preposition
1b1) behind, after (of place)
1b2) after (of time)
1b3) besides
1c) as a conjunction
1c) after that
1d) as a substantive
1d1) hinder part
1e) with other prepositions
1e1) from behind
1e2) from following after
אַחֲרַי (a.cha.ray) — backwards.
backwards (of a man that turns backwards)
Prep | Suff — SuffixHAcmpc/Sp2mp
חֶ֫רֶב (chereb) means 'sword' and can also refer to other cutting instruments like knives and tools. It is derived from a root meaning 'drought,' highlighting its destructive nature. The term is used in various contexts in the Old Testament, primarily to denote weapons.
חֶ֫רֶב 411 n.f. sword (as weapon)
base
H2719 חֶ֫רֶב sword (as weapon)
2719 chereb kheh'-reb
from 2717; drought; also a cutting instrument (from its
destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp
implement:--axe, dagger, knife, mattock, sword, tool.
see HEBREW for 02717
חֶ֫רֶב (che.rev) — sword.
1) sword, knife
1a) sword
1b) knife
1c) tools for cutting stone
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
sord.
See ARMOR, III, 5.
Sword
Of the Hebrew was pointed, sometimes two-edged, was worn in a sheath, and suspended from the girdle (Ex. 32:27; 1 Sam. 31:4; 1 Chr. 21:27; Ps. 149:6: Prov. 5:4; Ezek. 16:40; 21:3-5).
It is a symbol of divine chastisement (Deut. 32:25; Ps. 7:12; 78:62), and of a slanderous tongue (Ps. 57:4; 64:3; Prov. 12:18). The word of God is likened also to a…
[ARMS, ARMOR]
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Conj | V-Qal-3fs — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person feminine singularHc/Vqq3fs
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2mp
שְׁמָמָה (shmamah) refers to devastation or waste, often implying desolation. It is a feminine form derived from a related root, and can also denote astonishment. The entries indicate that it encompasses meanings of both devastation and desolation, with variations in spelling noted. The term appears in contexts related to destruction.
שְׁמָמָה 55 n.f. a devastation, waste
base
שִׁמָמָה v. foregoing [v.ea.ac]
base
H8077a שְׁמָמָה a devastation, waste H8077b שִׁמָמָה v. foregoing [8077a]
8077 shmamah shem-aw-maw'
or shimamah {shee-mam-aw'}; feminine of 8076; devastation;
figuratively, astonishment:--(laid, X most) desolate(- ion),
waste.
see HEBREW for 08076
שְׁמָמָה (she.ma.mah) — devastation.
devastation, waste, desolation
Also means: shi.me.mah (שִֽׁמְמָה "desolation" H8077B)
שִֽׁמְמָה (shi.me.mah) — desolation.
devastation, waste, desolation
Another spelling of she.ma.mah (שְׁמָמָה "devastation" H8077A)
שִֽׁמְמָה (shi.me.mah) — Desolate.
devastation, waste, desolation
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
Conj | N-fp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp2mp
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVqi3mp
The Hebrew word חָרְבָּה (chorbah) refers to waste, desolation, or ruin. It is derived from the root meaning drought and implies a place that has been laid waste or destroyed. The entries consistently emphasize its association with desolation and ruin.
חָרְבָּה n.f. waste, desolation, ruin
base
H2723 חָרְבָּה waste, desolation, ruin
2723 chorbah khor-baw'
feminine of 2721; properly, drought, i.e. (by implication) a
desolation:--decayed place, desolate (place, -tion),
destruction, (laid) waste (place).
see HEBREW for 02721
חׇרְבָּה (chor.bah) — desolation.
a place laid waste, ruin, waste, desolation
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
plas: Normally for maqom, Old Testament, and topos, New Testament, but in the King James Version "place" represents a great number of Hebrew and Greek words, often used with no difference in force (e.g. 2Ch 35:10,15). the Revised Version (British and American) has made few changes, but occasionally has attempted to specialize the meaning (Ge 40:13; Job 37:8; Ac 8:32; Jas 3:11, etc.).
