Lamentations 3:28 — Word Study
WLCיֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃
BSALet him sityâshab▸ [in solitude, by himself] alonebâdâd in silencedâmam▸ [stillness, quiet contemplation] forkîy [the LORD] has laid itnâṭal■ upon himʻal
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| יֵשֵׁ֤ב | let him sit | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| בָּדָד֙ | alone | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְיִדֹּ֔ם | and let him be silent | Conjunction, verb qal third person masculine singular |
| כִּ֥י | for | Particle |
| נָטַ֖ל | he has laid [it] | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| עָלָֽיו׃ | on him | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Let him sit alone in silence, for God has disciplined him. |
| KJV | He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him. |
| ASV | Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he hath laid it upon him. |
| YLT | He sitteth alone, and is silent, For He hath laid [it] upon him. |
| WEB | Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him. |
| BBE | Let him be seated by himself, saying nothing, because he has put it on him. |
All translations agree on the core message of the verse.
The verse has a main clause followed by a prepositional phrase and a causal clause, creating a clear directive supported by reasoning.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָשַׁב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Lamentations 3:28
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Reflections on Sufferinggenerated
Lamentations 3:28 emphasizes the importance of solitude and silence as a response to God's discipline. This passage is situated within a broader reflection on suffering, where the author contemplates the necessity of accepting one's situation and finding peace in quietness. The surrounding verses highlight the value of bearing burdens and maintaining hope even in difficult times, as seen in Lamentations 3:27 and Lamentations 3:29.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lamentations 2:10 | The elders of the Daughter of Zion sit on the ground in silence. They have thrown dust on their heads and put on sackcloth. The young women of Jerusalem have bowed their heads to the ground. |
| 2 | Psalm 39:9 | I have become mute; I do not open my mouth because of what You have done. |
| 3 | Psalm 102:7 | I lie awake; I am like a lone bird on a housetop. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 15:17 | I never sat with the band of revelers, nor did I celebrate with them. Because Your hand was on me, I sat alone, for You have filled me with indignation. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָשַׁב, ye.Shevgenerated
The verb יָשַׁב (ye.Shev) is a Qal imperfect form meaning 'to sit' or 'to dwell'. It can convey the idea of remaining in a place or being present in a situation. This word encapsulates the act of sitting in solitude, suggesting a reflective state of mind.
In this context, the act of sitting alone is significant as it emphasizes a moment of introspection and acceptance of one's circumstances. The use of the imperfect tense indicates an ongoing state, inviting the reader to consider the importance of solitude in processing discipline.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses let him sit alone in silence to convey the essence of the Hebrew text.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The sentence is structured around two main verbs: יֵשֵׁב (let him sit) and יִדֹּם (let him be silent), with a prepositional phrase עָלָיו (on him) indicating the subject of God's discipline. The simplicity of the structure emphasizes the directness of the instruction.
The word order in Hebrew places the emphasis on the actions of sitting and being silent, suggesting a deliberate call to introspection in the face of discipline.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יָשַׁב as καθήσεται (he will sit), which retains the meaning of sitting but shifts the focus slightly towards a future action. This choice reflects a broader interpretation of the act of sitting as a response to God's discipline.
The Greek word μόνας (alone) emphasizes the isolation aspect, similar to the Hebrew, reinforcing the theme of solitude.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Lamentations 3:28 instructs a person to sit alone in silence because God has disciplined them. This verse highlights the importance of taking time for reflection and accepting one's circumstances, suggesting that solitude can be a way to process and understand discipline.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Sitting alone in silence signifies a time for reflection and contemplation, especially in response to difficult circumstances.
Silence allows for introspection and acceptance of God's discipline, helping one to process their feelings and experiences.
God's discipline refers to the challenges and hardships that may come as a result of one's actions, intended to guide and teach.
Solitude can provide a space for personal reflection, healing, and a deeper understanding of one's relationship with God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I create moments of solitude in my life to reflect on my experiences?
- How do I respond to discipline or challenges in my life — do I take time to sit in silence?
- What lessons can I learn from my past experiences of solitude and reflection?
- How can I encourage others to find peace in solitude during difficult times?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Lamentations 3:28 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe sitteth alone,.... Retires from the world, and the men of it, who takes upon him the yoke of Christ; though he is not alone, but God, Father, Son, and Spirit, are with him; and he is with the
Read John Gill on Lamentations 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him. He ... keepeth silence - the fruit of true docility and patience.
Read Robert Jamieson on Lamentations 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOur English Annotations supplying that, makes the connexion clear, It is good for a man that he sit alone, ; not doing what he doth to be seen of men, but sitting alone, and when he is alone suppressing the mutinies of his spirit, and keeping his soul in subjection to God; because God hath humbled him by his rod, humbling himself to his will.
Read Matthew Poole on Lamentations 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsLamentations 3:28 He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne [it] upon him.Ver. 28. He sitteth alone.] Sessio solitaria, as being much in meditation, according to that counsel of the preacher, "in the day of adversity consider." And keepeth silence.] When God’ s hand is upon his back, his hand is upon his mouth. See on Lamentations 3:26. Because he hath borne it upon him.] Or, When he hath taken it upon him; taken up his cross, as being active in suffering.
Read John Trapp on Lamentations 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(28) He sitteth alone . . .—Better, Let him sit alone, and keep silence when He (Jehovah) hath laid it (the yoke) upon him; and so in the next verses, Let him put his mouth . . . Let him give his cheek.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Lamentations 3 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 28. He sitteth alone] He has learned that necessary lesson of independence, that shows him how he is to serve himself; to give no trouble to others; and keep his troubles, as far as possible, in his own bosom.
Read AdamClarke on Lamentations 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges28. The hortative form is better than mg. He sitteth alone, etc. For sitting alone in grief, cp. Jeremiah 15:17. The connexion is, inasmuch as suffering is really attended with benefit to the sufferer, let him submit readily to it. hath laid] The subject is God.
Read Cambridge on Lamentations 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTranslate: Let him sit alone and keep silence; For He (God) hath laid the yoke upon him. Let him place his mouth in the dust; Perchance there is hope.
Read Albert Barnes on Lamentations 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Let him sit alone in silence, for God has disciplined him.
Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he has laid it on him.
Let him sit alone in silence, for the LORD has laid it upon him.
Let a person sit alone in silence, when the Lord is disciplining him.
Tyndale line
He sitteth alone and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him.
Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he hath laid it upon him.
Let him sit alone and keep silence, because he hath laid it upon him.
He sitteth alone, and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it upon him.
He sitteth alone, and keepeth silence, because he hath borne it vpon him.
Strictly literal
He sitteth solitary and keepeth silence, because he hath laid it upon him;
He sitteth alone, and is silent, For He hath laid [it] upon him.
He sits alone, and is silent, || For He has laid [it] on him.
That he sit in solitude and be silent; because He hath laid it upon him;
Let him sit alone in silence, when it is laid upon him.
From the Latin
Jod. He shall sit solitary, and hold his peace: because he hath taken it up upon himself.
Simplified
They should sit by themselves in silence, because it's God who has disciplined them.
Let him be seated by himself, saying nothing, because he has put it on him.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Lamentations 3:28 reads, "יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃" which translates to "Let him sit alone in silence, for God has disciplined him." The Septuagint (LXX) agrees with the MT in meaning and content, maintaining the same essential message, although the word order and specific articles may differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls do not provide additional textual variants for this verse, thus reinforcing the agreement between the MT and LXX in this instance.
יֵשֵׁ֤ב בָּדָד֙ וְיִדֹּ֔ם כִּ֥י נָטַ֖ל עָלָֽיו׃
6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Lamentations 3:28
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יָשַׁב (yashab) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sit, remain, or dwell. It encompasses a range of actions from simply sitting down to more complex ideas like establishing a home or causing a place to be inhabited. The entries indicate various forms, including Qal (to sit), Niphal (to be inhabited), and Hiphil (to cause to dwell). There is an Aramaic equivalent, יְתִב (ye.tiv), meaning 'to dwell'.
יָשַׁב 1090 vb. sit, remain, dwell
Qal
sit
sit, sit down
sit down
sit = be set (as a jewel)
remain, stay, tarry
with special emphasis of qualifying phr.
dwell, have one’s abode
of a land or city, sit, abide, seated in its place, fig. for be inhabited
Niph. be inhabited, of land
Pi. and they shall set their encampments in thee
Hiph.
cause to sit
cause to abide
cause to dwell
cause cities to be inhabited
marry (prop. give a dwelling to)
Hoph. and ye be made to dwell alone in the midst of the land
base
H3427 יָשַׁב sit, remain, dwell
3427 yashab yaw-shab'
a primitive root; properly, to sit down (specifically as
judge. in ambush, in quiet); by implication, to dwell, to
remain; causatively, to settle, to marry:--(make to)
abide(-ing), continue, (cause to, make to) dwell(-ing), ease
self, endure, establish, X fail, habitation, haunt, (make to)
inhabit(-ant), make to keep (house), lurking, X marry(-ing),
(bring again to) place, remain, return, seat, set(- tle),
(down-)sit(-down, still, -ting down, -ting (place) -uate),
take, tarry.
יָשַׁב (ya.shav) — to dwell.
1) to dwell, remain, sit, abide
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sit, sit down
1a2) to be set
1a3) to remain, stay
1a4) to dwell, have one's abode
1b) (Niphal) to be inhabited
1c) (Piel) to set, place
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to sit
1d2) to cause to abide, set
1d3) to cause to dwell
1d4) to cause (cities) to be inhabited
1d5) to marry (give an dwelling to)
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be inhabited
1e2) to make to dwell
Aramaic equivalent: ye.tiv (יְתִב "to dwell" H3488)
V-Qal-Juss-3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularHVqi3ms
בָּדָד (badad) refers to concepts of isolation and separation. It can describe both a state of being alone and a physical separation, such as an isolated city. The word is derived from a root meaning to separate, and it encompasses meanings like desolate and solitary.
בָּדָד n.[m.] isolation, separation
base
H910 בָּדָד isolation, separation
910 badad baw-dawd'
from 909; separate; adverb, separately:--alone, desolate,
only, solitary.
see HEBREW for 0909
בָּדָד (ba.dad) — isolation.
1) isolation, withdrawal, separation
1a) an isolated city
adv
2) alone
2a) security (fig.)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
דָּמַם (damam) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to be silent or still, with implications of astonishment or cessation. It can also convey the idea of perishing or being destroyed. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, Poal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of silence and stillness. Notably, it is associated with wailing in Isaiah 23:2.
[דָּמַם] vb. be or grow dumb, silent, still
Qal
be silent
be still (opp. to both speech and motion)
be struck dumb, astounded
Niph. be made silent, i.e. destroyed
Po. ‘composed and quieted my soul’
H1826a דָּמַם be or grow dumb, silent, still H1826b דָּמַם wail
1826 damam daw-man'
a prim root (compare 1724, 1820); to be dumb; by implication,
to be astonished, to stop; also to perish:--cease, be cut down
(off), forbear, hold peace, quiet self, rest, be silent, keep
(put to) silence, be (stand) still, tarry, wait.
see HEBREW for 01724
see HEBREW for 01820
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: stationary.
: stationary
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to wail.
wail
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: silent.
: silent
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
1d) (Hiphil) to make silent (cause to die)
דָּמַם (da.mam) — to silence: destroyed.
: destroyed
1) to be silent, be still, wait, be dumb, grow dumb
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be silent
1a2) to be still, die
1a3) to be struck dumb
1b) (Niphal) to be silenced, be made silent, destroyed
1c) (Poal) to make quiet
Conj | V-Qal-Juss-3ms — Conjunction · verb qal third person masculine singularHC/Vqu3ms
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
נָטַל (natal) means to lift or bear. It covers the basic action of lifting in various forms, including the Qal stem for lifting and the Piel stem for bearing up. The word is related to an Aramaic equivalent, נְטַל (netal), also meaning 'to lift.'
נָטַל vb. lift, bear
Qal lift
Pi. and he bare them
base
H5190 נָטַל lift, bear
5190 natal naw-tal'
a prim root; to lift; by implication, to impose:--bear,
offer, take up.
נָטַל (na.tal) — to lift.
1) to lift, bear, bear up
1a) (Qal) to lift, lift over, lift upon, set up
1b) (Piel) to bear up
Aramaic equivalent: ne.tal (נְטַל "to lift" H5191)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularHVqp3ms
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms