Joshua 21:22 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶת־ קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶת־ מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־ בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־ מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס
BSAKibzaimQibtsayim△ [a place of gatherings] and Beth-horonBêyth Chôwrôwn [house of hollowness] fourʼarbaʻ [a quantity of] citiesʻîyr [towns with walls] together withʼêth their pasturelandsmigrâsh [open lands, common areas, or suburbs]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ | Kibzaim | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ | pasture lands its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| בֵּ֥ית | Beth | Noun proper |
| חוֹרֹ֖ן | Horon | Noun proper |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ | pasture lands its | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| עָרִ֖ים | cities | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס | four | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Kibzaim, and Beth-horon—four cities, together with their pasturelands. |
| KJV | And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs; four cities. |
| ASV | and Kibzaim with its suburbs, and Beth-horon with its suburbs; four cities. |
| YLT | and Kibzaim and its suburbs, and Beth-Horon and its suburbs — four cities. |
| WEB | Kibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth Horon with its pasture lands: four cities. |
| BBE | And Kibzaim and Beth-horon with their grass-lands, four towns. |
Where they part company is in the details of the pasturelands — see How Translations Differ.
The structure presents a main clause listing the cities followed by a subordinate phrase detailing their pasturelands.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, AdamClarke, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 21:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Cities Given to the Levitesgenerated
Joshua 21:22 lists Kibzaim and Beth-horon as part of the cities allocated to the Levites, who were given specific towns to dwell in throughout the land of Israel. This allocation was part of a larger distribution of cities and pasturelands, ensuring that the Levites had places to live and sustain their flocks. The mention of pasturelands indicates the importance of agricultural and pastoral life in this context.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 16:3–5 | Then it descended westward to the border of the Japhletites as far as the border of Lower Beth-horon and on to Gezer, and it ended at the Sea. |
| 2 | Joshua 18:13–14 | From there the border crossed over to the southern slope of Luz (that is, Bethel) and went down to Ataroth-addar on the hill south of Lower Beth-horon. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 6:68 | Jokmeam, Beth-horon, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — קִבְצַ֙יִם֙, kiv.Tza.yimgenerated
The name קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ (Kibzaim) is derived from a dual form indicating 'two gatherings' or 'double heap', reflecting its historical significance as a place of community assembly. It is identified as a Levitical city located in the region of Ephraim.
Kibzaim stands out as a location of importance in the biblical narrative, emphasizing the role of community and gathering in the life of the Israelites.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is implied in the context of the distribution of cities, with the structure listing the noun phrases: קִבְצַ֙יִם֙, בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן, and their associated pasturelands.
The Hebrew word order emphasizes the cities first, followed by the pasturelands, highlighting the importance of both the cities and the land in the context of the Levites' inheritance.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ as Kibzaim and בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן as Beth-horon, maintaining the original names. This shows a direct correspondence in the translation process, preserving the geographical significance of these locations.
The choice of words in the Septuagint reflects the translators' intent to convey the same meaning and importance of these cities as found in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 21:22 tells us that Kibzaim and Beth-horon are two of the four cities given to the Levites, along with their pasturelands. These cities were important for the Levites, who served in the religious life of Israel and needed places to live and care for their flocks.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Kibzaim means 'two gatherings' or 'double heap', indicating its historical role as a place for community assembly.
Pasturelands were included to signify the land necessary for the Levites to sustain their livestock, which was crucial for their livelihood.
These cities represent the allocation of land to the Levites, emphasizing their role in Israelite society and their need for places to live and serve.
This verse is part of the distribution of cities to the Levites, highlighting the organization of the Israelite tribes and their responsibilities in the Promised Land.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about community from the significance of Kibzaim as a place of gatherings?
- How does the allocation of pasturelands reflect the needs of the Levites in their service?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of land allocation and community support in our own lives?
- What does this passage teach us about the importance of designated spaces for worship and service?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 21:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Kibzaim with her suburbs,.... Which seems to, be the same with Jokneam, 1 Chronicles 6:68; of it we read nowhere else; and Bethhoron with her suburbs; upper Bethhoron, for there were two, an
Read John Gill on Joshua 21 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd out of the tribe of Benjamin, Gibeon with her suburbs, Geba with her suburbs, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 21 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. Beth-horon] There were two cities of this name, the upper and the nether; but which is intended here, cannot be ascertained.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 21 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. Kibzaim = probably to Jokmeam (1 Chronicles 6:68); Beth-horon, see ch. Joshua 10:10.
Read Cambridge on Joshua 21 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible21-24. Shechem — Joshua 17:7. Gezer — Joshua 10:33.Beth-horon — Joshua 10:10. Aijalon — Joshua 10:12. Tanach — Joshua 12:21.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 21 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Kibzaim, and Beth-horon—four cities, together with their pasturelands.
Kibzaim with its pasture lands, and Beth Horon with its pasture lands: four cities.
Kibzaim, and Beth-horon—four cities, together with their pasturelands.
Kibzaim, and Beth Horon, along with the grazing areas of each – a total of four cities.
Tyndale line
And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs; four cities.
and Kibzaim with its suburbs, and Beth-horon with its suburbs; four cities.
and Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Beth-horon with her suburbs; four cities.
And Kibzaim with its suburbs, and Beth-horon with its suburbs; four cities.
And Kibzaim with her suburbs, and Bethhoron with her suburbes: foure cities.
Strictly literal
and Kibzaim and its suburbs, and Beth-horon and its suburbs: four cities;
and Kibzaim and its suburbs, and Beth-Horon and its suburbs — four cities.
and Kibzaim and its outskirts, and Beth-Horon and its outskirts—four cities.
And Kibzayim with its open spaces, and Beth-choron with its open spaces: four cities.
Kibzaim with its pasturelands, and Beth Horon with its pasturelands—four cities in all.
From the Latin
And Cibsaim, and Beth-horon, with their suburbs, four cities.
Simplified
Kibzaim, and Beth-horon.
And Kibzaim and Beth-horon with their grass-lands, four towns.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the content of this verse, with eight of the eleven words matching. The Septuagint's wording may differ in order and articles, but the essential cities and their pasturelands remain consistent.
וְאֶת־ קִבְצַ֙יִם֙ וְאֶת־ מִגְרָשֶׁ֔הָ וְאֶת־ בֵּ֥ית חוֹרֹ֖ן וְאֶת־ מִגְרָשֶׁ֑הָ עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ ס
8 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 21:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
Conj | DirObjM — Conjunction · particleHC/To
קִבְצַיִם (Qibtsayim) refers to a dual form meaning 'two gatherings' or 'double heap.' It is identified as a Levitical city located in Ephraim, specifically at Mount Ephraim. The name is derived from the root word for gathering, קָבַץ (qavatz), and is associated with the place Kibzaim.
קִבְצַיִם n.pr.loc. (Thes two heaps);—Levite city in Ephr.
base
H6911 קִבְצַיִם
6911 Qibtsayim kib-tsah'-yim
dual from 6908; a double heap; Kibtsajim, a place in
Palestine:--Kibzaim.
see HEBREW for 06908
קִבְצַיִם (qiv.tsa.yim) — Kibzaim.
Kibzaim = "two gatherings"
a Kohathite Levitical city in Ephraim at Mount Ephraim
Also named: yoq.me.am (יׇקְמְעָם "Jokmeam" H3361H)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
kib-za'-im, kib'-za-im See JOKMEAM.
Kibzaim
Two heaps, a city of Ephraim, assigned to the Kohathite Levites, and appointed as a city of refuge (Josh. 21: 22). It is also called Jokmeam (1 Chr. 6:68).
(two heaps), a city of Mount Ephraim, given up with its "suburbs" to the Kohathite Levites. (Joshua 21:22) In the parallel list of (1 Chronicles 6:1) JOKBEAM is substituted for Kibzaim. ver. (1 Chronicles 6:68)
congregation
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
מִגְרָשׁ (migrash) refers to common or open land, often associated with areas where flocks are driven for pasture. It can denote a suburb or the space around a building, and is noted in Ezekiel 27:28. The term is derived from a root meaning to drive out.
מִגְרָשׁ n.m. common, common-land, open land
base
H4054 מִגְרָשׁ
4054 migrash mig-rawsh'
also (in plural) feminine (Ezek. 27:28) migrashah
{mig-raw-shaw'}; from 1644; a suburb (i.e. open country
whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area
around a building, or the margin of the sea:--cast out,
suburb.
see HEBREW for 01644
מִגְרָשׁ (mig.rash) — pasture.
common, common land, open land, suburb
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (Beyth Chowrown) means "house of hollowness" and refers to two towns in the Ephraim region of Palestine: Upper Beth-horon and Lower Beth-horon. The Upper town is situated on the mountains, while the Lower town is located 800 feet lower. The name may suggest a geographical feature, possibly a wady between the two towns.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן n.pr.loc. two cities in Ephraim, lower & upper B.H. (place of a hole or hollow (?), perh. fr. a wady betw. the two, or near by);—cf. הַחֹרֹנִי adj.gent. only of Sanballat
base
H1032 בֵּית חוֹרֹן
1032 Beyth Chowrown bayth kho-rone'
from 1004 and 2356; house of hollowness; Beth-Choron, the
name of two adjoining places in Palestine:--Beth- horon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 02356
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — Beth-horon.
§ Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
two towns in Ephraim
1a) Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
1b) Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Upper) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with el.yon (עֶלְיוֹן ", Upper" H5945)
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Lower) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (Beyth Chowrown) means "house of hollowness" and refers to two towns in the Ephraim region of Palestine: Upper Beth-horon and Lower Beth-horon. The Upper town is situated on the mountains, while the Lower town is located 800 feet lower. The name may suggest a geographical feature, possibly a wady between the two towns.
בֵּית חוֹרֹן n.pr.loc. two cities in Ephraim, lower & upper B.H. (place of a hole or hollow (?), perh. fr. a wady betw. the two, or near by);—cf. הַחֹרֹנִי adj.gent. only of Sanballat
base
H1032 בֵּית חוֹרֹן
1032 Beyth Chowrown bayth kho-rone'
from 1004 and 2356; house of hollowness; Beth-Choron, the
name of two adjoining places in Palestine:--Beth- horon.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 02356
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — Beth-horon.
§ Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
two towns in Ephraim
1a) Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
1b) Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Upper) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Upper Beth-horon-town on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with el.yon (עֶלְיוֹן ", Upper" H5945)
בֵּית חוֹרֹן (bet cho.ron) — (Lower) Beth-horon.
Beth-horon = "house of hollowness"
Lower Beth-horon-town located 800 feet (245 m) lower than Upper Beth-horon on the mountains of Ephraim
Combined with bet cho.ron (בֵּית חוֹרֹן "Beth-horon" H1032)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
מִגְרָשׁ (migrash) refers to common or open land, often associated with areas where flocks are driven for pasture. It can denote a suburb or the space around a building, and is noted in Ezekiel 27:28. The term is derived from a root meaning to drive out.
מִגְרָשׁ n.m. common, common-land, open land
base
H4054 מִגְרָשׁ
4054 migrash mig-rawsh'
also (in plural) feminine (Ezek. 27:28) migrashah
{mig-raw-shaw'}; from 1644; a suburb (i.e. open country
whither flocks are driven from pasture); hence, the area
around a building, or the margin of the sea:--cast out,
suburb.
see HEBREW for 01644
מִגְרָשׁ (mig.rash) — pasture.
common, common land, open land, suburb
HNcmpc/Sp3fs — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
אַרְבַּע (arba) means 'four' in Hebrew. It is a masculine noun derived from the root associated with the number four. The entries consistently affirm this meaning without any significant disagreement among lexicons.
אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
base
H702 אַרְבַּע, אַרְבָּעָה four
702 'arba` ar-bah'
masculine oarbaah {ar-baw-aw'}; from 7251; four:--four.
see HEBREW for 07251
אַרְבַּע (ar.ba) — four.
four
Adj — AdjHAcbsa
for ('arba`; tessares): "Four" (cardinal number) was a sacred and complete number with the Hebrews, as well as with several other peoples. It occurs very frequently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.
(1) It indicates completeness. We have the four rivers of Paradise (Ge 2:10); the four winds of heaven (Eze 37:9; Da 7:2; 8:8; 11:4; Zec 6:5, the Revised Version, margin "spirits"; /APC 2Esdras 13:5); "the four winds" (Mt 24:31; Mr 13:27); "the four corners of the earth" (Isa 11:12;