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Joshua 15:10 — Word Study

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WLCוְנָסַב֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה יָ֙מָּה֙ אֶל־ הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעָבַ֕ר אֶל־ כֶּ֧תֶף הַר־ יְעָרִ֛ים מִצָּפ֖וֹנָה הִ֣יא כְסָל֑וֹן וְיָרַ֥ד בֵּֽית־ שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְעָבַ֥ר תִּמְנָֽה׃

BSAThe bordergᵉbûwl curledçâbab [turned, compassed] westwardyâm from BaalahBaʻălâh [mistress, a place in Palestine] toʼêl Mounthar SeirSêʻîyr [a mountain in Idumaea, hairy or shaggy] ranʻâbar alongʼêl the northerntsâphôwn [north side, Zaphon] slopekâthêph of Mounthar JearimYᵉʻârîym [forests, a hill on Judah's northern border] (that ishûwʼ ChesalonKᵉçâlôwn [hopes, a town in Palestine] went downyârad [descended, to a lower place] to Beth-shemeshBêyth Shemesh [house of the sun, a town in ancient Palestine] and crossedʻâbar [passed over, transitioned] to TimnahTimnâh [portion, a town in the hill country of Judah]

Word
Listen & take awayJoshua 15
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 10 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (tim.Nah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Joshua 15:10quick helps
In a sentenceThe border of Judah is described as curling westward from Baalah to Mount Seir and passing through various locations.
Who is speakingThe narrator, recounting the boundaries of the land allotted to the tribe of Judah.
Where we areThis verse is part of a detailed description of Judah's territorial borders in the book of Joshua.
The hard wordנָסַב
Take awayThe description of the border's path shows the geographical layout of the land.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause subjectהִיא verbסָבַב The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

2 of 20 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Joshua 15:10

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Borders of Judahgenerated

9From the hilltop the border curved to the spring of the Waters of Nephtoah, proceeded to the cities of Mount Ephron, and then bent around toward Baalah (that is, Kiriath-jearim).
10The border curled westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, ran along the northern slope of Mount Jearim (that is, Chesalon), went down to Beth-shemesh, and crossed to Timnah.
11Then it went out to the northern slope of Ekron, curved toward Shikkeron, proceeded to Mount Baalah, went on to Jabneel, and ended at the Sea.
12And the western border was the coastline of the Great Sea. These are the boundaries around the clans of the descendants of Judah.

Joshua 15:10 describes the intricate borders of Judah, detailing how the territory was defined and the notable landmarks along the way. This verse is part of a larger section that outlines the boundaries of the tribes in the Promised Land, emphasizing the significance of geography in the allocation of land to the tribes of Israel.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
11 Samuel 6:12–21And the cows headed straight up the road toward Beth-shemesh, staying on that one highway and lowing as they went, never straying to the right or to the left. The rulers of the Philistines followed behind them to the border of Beth-shemesh.
2Joshua 15:57Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah—ten cities, along with their villages.
3Genesis 38:13When Tamar was told, “Your father-in-law is going up to Timnah to shear his sheep,”
4Judges 14:1–5One day Samson went down to Timnah, where he saw a young Philistine woman.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 4 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Beth-shemesh1 Samuel 6:12–21

The Key Word נָסַב, na.Savgenerated

The Hebrew verb סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around. It indicates a curling motion, which can be literal or figurative. In this context, it describes how the border of Judah turns westward, outlining the territory.

The Niphal form indicates a passive or reflexive action, suggesting that the border is being defined or shaped by external factors. This usage highlights the dynamic nature of territorial boundaries in the historical context of the Israelites.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Translations of this verse are consistent in their rendering of the phrase describing the border's movement.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb נָסַב governs the structure, indicating the action of the border. This is followed by several prepositional phrases that detail the locations involved in the border's path.

The sentence structure emphasizes the sequential nature of the border's journey, with each location connected to the previous one, illustrating the geographical layout of the territory.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates נָסַב as περιελεύσεται, which carries a similar meaning of encompassing or surrounding. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the border's movement.

The translation aligns closely with the Hebrew, maintaining the sense of direction and the geographical significance of the border.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Joshua 15:10 outlines the borders of Judah, starting from Baalah and moving westward to Mount Seir. It describes the border's path as it runs along the northern slope of Mount Jearim, descends to Beth-shemesh, and crosses to Timnah.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the border curling westward signify?

It signifies the geographical layout and the defined territory of the tribe of Judah as they settled in the Promised Land.

Why are specific locations mentioned in this verse?

The locations provide a clear understanding of the boundaries and the significant landmarks that defined the territory of Judah.

What is the significance of the places named in the border description?

These places, such as Baalah and Mount Seir, are historically and geographically important as they mark the limits of Judah's inheritance.

How does this verse relate to the overall narrative of Joshua?

It contributes to the detailed account of land distribution among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing the fulfillment of God's promises regarding the land.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do the geographical boundaries in this verse reflect God's promises to His people?
  2. What significance do you see in the specific locations mentioned in the border description?
  3. How can understanding the physical layout of the land enhance our comprehension of biblical narratives?
  4. In what ways does this passage illustrate the importance of territory and identity for the Israelites?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Joshua 15:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto Mount Seir,.... Not that in Idumea, so famous for its being the seat of Esau, which lay remote from hence, but a third of that name near

Read John Gill on Joshua 15 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And the border was drawn from the top of the hill unto the fountain of the water of Nephtoah, and went out to the cities of mount Ephron; and the border was drawn to Baalah, which is Kirjath-je'arim:

Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 15 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Mount Seir; not that of Edom, but another so called from some resemblance it had with that in quality. Bethshemesh: there were divers cities of this name; this in Judah here, and , another in Issachar, and a third in Naphtali, ,38.

Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 15 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Joshua 15:10 And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim, which [is] Chesalon, on the north side, and went down to Bethshemesh, and passed on to Timnah:Ver. 10. Unto mount Seir.] Not that of the Idumeans, but another of that name, from its roughness.

Read John Trapp on Joshua 15 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) Mount Seir.—Of course, entirely distinct from the place in Edom, but not precisely identified. Chesalon is identified with Kesla, two and a quarter miles due north of Khurbet ’Erma, on sheet 17 Timnah is Tibneh (on sheet 16).

Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 15 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 10. Beth-shemesh] The house or temple of the sun. It is evident that the sun was an object of adoration among the Canaanites; and hence fountains, hills, c., were dedicated to him. Beth-shemesh is remarkable for the slaughter of its inhabitants, in consequence of their prying curiously, if not impiously, into the ark of the Lord, when sent back by the Philistines. See 1 Samuel 6:19.

Read AdamClarke on Joshua 15 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

10. and the border compassed] = it “beat round,” “took a circuit;” and see above, Joshua 15:3. unto mount Seir] not the Edomite range (Genesis 32:3; Numbers 24:18), but the range, which lies between the Wady Aly and the Wady Ghurab. It may have derived its name either (a) from some peculiarity in the form or appearance of the spot, or (b) from some incursion of the Edomites, which has escaped record. and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim] or, unto the shoulder of mount Jearim,” which is Chesalon. Chesalon, probably now Kesla (see Robinson’s Later Bibl. Res. p. 154), was also called Har-jearim = “mountain of forests,” as Baalah was called Kirjath-jearim = “city of forests” or…

Read Cambridge on Joshua 15 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Mount Seir is not the well-known range of Edom. The name ( “shaggy mountain”) is applicable to any rugged or well-wooded hill. Here it probably denotes the range which runs southwestward from Kirjath-jearim to the Wady Surar.

Read Albert Barnes on Joshua 15 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

The border curled westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, ran along the northern slope of Mount Jearim (that is, Chesalon), went down to Beth-shemesh, and crossed to Timnah.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and the border turned about from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, and passed along to the side of Mount Jearim (also called Chesalon) on the north, and went down to Beth Shemesh, and passed along by Timnah;

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

The border curled westward from Baalah to Mount Seir, ran along the northern slope of Mount Jearim (that is, Chesalon), went down to Beth-shemesh, and crossed to Timnah.

NETBNew English Translation2006

It then turned from Baalah westward to Mount Seir, crossed to the slope of Mount Jearim on the north (that is Kesalon), descended to Beth Shemesh, and crossed to Timnah.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And the border compassed from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim, which is Chesalon, on the north side, and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed on to Timnah:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and the border turned about from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim on the north (the same is Chesalon), and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed along by Timnah;

RVARevised Version, American1894

and the border turned about from Baalah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Jearim on the north (the same is Chesalon), and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed along by Timnah:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And the border compassed from Baalah westward to mount Seir, and passed along to the side of mount Jearim (which is Chesalon) on the north side, and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed on to Timnah:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Then this border compasseth from Baalah Westward vnto mount Seir, and goeth along vnto the side of mount Iearim, which is Chesalon on the Northside: so it commeth downe to Bethshemesh, and goeth to Timnah.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and the border turned from Baalah westwards toward mount Seir, and passed toward the side of Har-jearim, that is, Chesalon, northwards, and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed Timnah.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and the border hath gone round from Baalah westward, unto mount Seir, and passed over unto the side of mount Jearim (it [is] Chesalon), on the north, and gone down [to] Beth-Shemesh, and passed over to Timnah;

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and the border has gone around from Ba‘alah westward, to Mount Seir, and passed over to the side of Mount Jearim (it [is] Chesalon), on the north, and gone down [to] Beth-Shemesh, and passed over to Timnah;

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And the boundary compassed from Ba'alah westward unto mount Seir, and passed along unto the side of mount Ye'arim, which is Kessalon, on the north side, and went down to Beth-shemesh, and passed on to Timnah;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then the border circled around west of Baalah to Mount Seir, and passed along to the side of Mount Jearim on the north (the same as Kesalon), went down to Beth Shemesh, and crossed over to Timnah.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And it compasseth from Baala westward unto mount Seir: and passeth by the side of mount Jarim to the north into Cheslon: and goeth down into Bethsames, and passeth into Thamna.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Then the boundary moved around to the west of Baalah to Mount Seir and passed along the northern slope of Mount Jearim to the town of Kesalon, down to Beth Shemesh and on to Timnah.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Then turning west, the line goes from Baalah to Mount Seir, and on to the side of Mount Jearim (which is Chesalon) on the north, then down to Beth-shemesh, and on past Timnah:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbנָסַב֩it.turnsnoun phrase · subjectהַtheגְּב֨וּלborderprepositional phrase · prepositionalמִfromבַּעֲלָ֥הBaalahnoun phrase · prepositionalיָ֨מָּwestwardה֙toprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֶלtonoun phraseהַ֣רthe.mountainשֵׂעִ֔ירof.Seirוְandclauseverbעָבַ֕רit.passes.onprepositional phrase · prepositionalאֶלtonoun phrasenoun phrasenoun phraseכֶּ֧תֶףthe.slopenoun phraseהַרof.the.mountainיְעָרִ֛יםof.Jearimprepositional phraseמִfromnoun phraseצָּפ֖וֹנָnorthwardהnorthwardclausesubjectהִ֣יאthatpredicateכְסָל֑וֹן[is].Kesalonוְandclauseverbיָרַ֥דit.goes.downוְandclauseverbעָבַ֥רit.passes.onadverbialתִּמְנָֽהTimnah

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording for this verse, with 17 of the 20 words matched in the Septuagint. This demonstrates a strong consistency in the transmission of this passage.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְנָסַב֩ הַגְּב֨וּל מִבַּעֲלָ֥ה יָ֙מָּה֙ אֶל־ הַ֣ר שֵׂעִ֔יר וְעָבַ֕ר אֶל־ כֶּ֧תֶף הַר־ יְעָרִ֛ים מִצָּפ֖וֹנָה הִ֣יא כְסָל֑וֹן וְיָרַ֥ד בֵּֽית־ שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ וְעָבַ֥ר תִּמְנָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְנָסַב֩περιελεύσεταιהַגְּב֨וּלὅριονמִבַּעֲלָ֥הβααλיָ֙מָּה֙θάλασσανאֶל־εἰςהַ֣רὄροςשֵׂעִ֔ירασσαρεςוְעָבַ֕רπαρελεύσεταιאֶל־ἐπὶכֶּ֧תֶףνώτουהַר־πόλινיְעָרִ֛יםιαριμמִצָּפ֖וֹנָהβορρᾶהִ֣יאαὕτηכְסָל֑וֹןξασλωνוְיָרַ֥דκαταβήσεταιוְעָבַ֥רπαρελεύσεται

17 of the 20 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Joshua 15:10סָבַבand it turnand it turnsסָבַבגְּבוּלthe borderthe borderגְּבוּלבַּעֲלָהfrom Baalahfrom Baalahבַּעֲלָהיָםwest -wardwest -wardיָםאֶלtotoאֶלהַר[the] mount[the] mountain הַרשֵׂעִירSeirSeirשֵׂעִירעָבַרand it passand it passes oעָבַראֶלtotoאֶלכָּתֵף[the] slope[the] slope ofכָּתֵףהַר[the] mount[the] mountain הַריְעָרִיםJearimJearimיְעָרִיםצָפוֹןfrom north from north -warצָפוֹןהוּאthatthatהוּאכְּסָלוֹן[is] Kesalo[is] Kesalonכְּסָלוֹןיָרַדand it goesand it goes dowיָרַדבֵּיתBethBethבֵּיתבֵּיתShemeshShemeshבֵּיתעָבַרand it passand it passes oעָבַרתִּמְנָהTimnahTimnahתִּמְנָהבֵּיתplaceplaceבֵּיתגָּבַלto borderto borderגָּבַלהַרmountainmountainהַרצָפַןto treasurto treasureצָפַןכָּסַלbe stupidbe stupidכָּסַלמָנָהto countto countמָנָהבַּעֲלָהmistressmistressבַּעֲלָהשָׂעִרhairyhairyשָׂעִריַ֫עַרJaarJaarיַ֫עַרפֵּאָהsidesideפֵּאָהקִרְיַתKiriath-jeKiriath-jearimקִרְיַתפָּלַלto prayto prayפָּלַליִרְמְיָ֫הJeremiahJeremiahיִרְמְיָ֫הגִּבְעָהGibeatGibeatגִּבְעָהאֶפְרַ֫יִםEphraimEphraimאֶפְרַ֫יִםיַרְדֵןJordanJordanיַרְדֵןחָלַץto rescueto rescueחָלַץבֵּיתבֵּית
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Joshua 15:10

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
וְנָסַב֩ve.na.Sav and it turns H5437 Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
161× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To turn or surround is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can be used literally or figuratively. It appears in the Bible to describe changing direction or surrounding something.
Amplified meaning
turned, compassed
Tyndale gloss
to turn: turn
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word סָבַב (savav) means to turn or go around, encompassing a range of actions such as surrounding, marching, and changing direction. It is built from a primitive root and has various applications, both literal and figurative, including transforming or enclosing. The entries detail its uses in different verbal forms, but do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סָבַב vb. turn about, go around, surround

Qal

turn, intrans.

march, or walk, around

go partly round, circle, skirt

make a round, or circuit, go about to

surround, encompass

Niph.

turn oneself against, close round upon

turn round (from a direct course)

esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward

pass. be turned over to, into the power of

Pi. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter

Po‛.

encompass (with protection)

come about, assemble round

march or go about

enclose, envelop

Hiph.

turn (trans.), cause to turn

bring over (i.e. to allegiance)

turn into, of changing name

= bring round, of changing name

cause to go around

surround with (acc.) wall

perh. also encompass (as foe)

Hoph.

be turned, of cart wheel

surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5437 סָבַב turn about, go around, surround .. turn, intrans.

. . march, or walk, around

. go partly round, circle, skirt

. make a round, or circuit, go about to

. surround, encompass

. . . turn oneself against, close round upon

. turn round (from a direct course)

. esp. of boundary: turn round from, toward

. pass. be turned over to, into the power of

. to change, transform, the aspect of the matter

. . encompass (with protection)

. come about, assemble round

. march or go about

. enclose, envelop

. . . turn (trans.), cause to turn

. bring over (i.e. to allegiance)

. turn into, of changing name

. = bring round, of changing name

. . cause to go around

. surround with (acc.) wall

. perh. also encompass (as foe)

. . be turned, of cart wheel

. surrounded, i.e. set, of jewels

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5437 cabab saw-bab'

a primitive root; to revolve, surround, or border; used in

various applications, literally and figuratively (as

follows):--bring, cast, fetch, lead, make, walk, X whirl, X

round about, be about on every side, apply, avoid, beset

(about), besiege, bring again, carry (about), change, cause to

come about, X circuit, (fetch a) compass (about, round),

drive, environ, X on every side, beset (close, come, compass,

go, stand) round about, inclose, remove, return, set, sit

down, turn (self) (about, aside, away, back).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: turn.

: turn/bring_around

1) to turn, turn about or around or aside or back or towards, go about or around, surround, encircle, change direction

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn, turn about, be brought round, change

1a2) to march or walk around, go partly around, circle about, skirt, make a round, make a circuit, go about to, surround, encompass

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to turn oneself, close round, turn round

1b2) to be turned over to

1c) (Piel) to turn about, change, transform

1d) (Poel)

1d1) to encompass, surround

1d2) to come about, assemble round

1d3) to march, go about

1d4) to enclose, envelop

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to turn, cause to turn, turn back, reverse, bring over, turn into, bring round

1e2) to cause to go around, surround, encompass

1f) (Hophal)

1f1) to be turned

1f2) to be surrounded

סָבַב (sa.vav) — to turn: surround.

: surround/go_round

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Niphal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Niphal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/VNq3ms
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
הַגְּב֨וּלha.ge.Vul the border H1366 Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
240× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a boundary or border, like the borders of the Promised Land in Numbers 34:1-12. It can also mean a region or territory, as in the borders of Israel in 1 Kings 8:65.
Tyndale gloss
border: boundary
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גְּבוּל (gbuwl) refers to a border or boundary, often implying a defined territory. It can denote a physical limit, such as a coast or landmark, and can also have figurative uses, like a region of darkness. The word is derived from a root meaning 'cord' and encompasses various meanings related to boundaries and territories.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גְּבוּל 240 n.m. border, boundary, territory

border, boundary

territory (enclosed within boundary)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1366 גְּבוּל border, boundary, territory

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1366 gbuwl gheb-ool'

or (shortened) gbul {gheb-ool'}; from 1379; properly, a cord

(as twisted), i.e. (by implication) a boundary; by extens. the

territory inclosed:--border, bound, coast, X great, landmark,

limit, quarter, space.

see HEBREW for 01379

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: boundary.

: boundary

1) border, territory

1a) border

1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)

1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)

Also means: ge.vul (גְּבוּל ": area" H1366H)

גְּבוּל (ge.vul) — border: area.

: area

1) border, territory

1a) border

1b) territory (enclosed within boundary)

1c) region, territory (of darkness) (fig.)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absolute
HTd/Ncmsa
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
מִבַּעֲלָ֥הmi.ba.'a.Lah from Baalah H1173 Preposition · noun proper
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Baalah is a place name in Palestine, meaning mistress, also known as Kiriath-jearim.
Amplified meaning
mistress, a place in Palestine
Tyndale gloss
Baalah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בַּעֲלָה (Ba`alah) refers to a location in Palestine, specifically a town in the southern region of Judah. The name is linked to the meaning 'mistress' and is associated with several names, including Balah and Kirjath-baal. The entries indicate it is derived from a term related to Baal, though they do not provide significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בַּעֲלָה n.pr.loc. (city of Baal, from a high place of Baal there) = בַּעֲלֵי יְהוּדָה

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1173 בַּעֲלָה, בַּעֲלֵי יְהוּדָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1173 Ba`alah bah-al-aw'

the same as 1172; Baalah, the name of three places in

Palestine:--Baalah.

see HEBREW for 01172

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בַּעֲלָה (ba.a.lah) — (Mount) Baalah.

§ Baalah = "mistress"

בַּעֲלָה (ba.a.lah) — Baalah.

§ Baalah = "mistress"

a town in the south of Judah, also called Balah and Bilhah

בַּעֲלָה (ba.a.lah) — Baalah.

Baalah = "mistress"

or Kirjath-baal; modern Kuriet el Enab

Another name of qir.yat ye.a.rim (קִרְיַת יְעָרִים "Kiriath-jearim" H7157)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun proper
HR/Npl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ba'-a-la ba`alah; ("possessor," "mistress "): Three occurrences of this name:

(1) = KIRIATH-JEARIM (which see) (Jos 15:9,10; 1Ch 13:6).

(2) A city in the Negeb of Judah (Jos 15:29). In Jos 19:3 Balah and in 1Ch 4:29 Bilhah; perhaps also Boaloth of Jos 15:24. The site is unknown; but see PEF, III, 26.

(3) Mount Baalah (Jos 15:11), a mountain ridge between Shikkeron (Ekron) and Jabnoel unless, as seems probable, the suggestion of M. Clermont-Ganneau (Rev. Crit, 1897, 902) is correct that for har ( = "mount"), we…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Baalah

Mistress; city. (1.) A city in the south of Judah (Josh. 15:29), elsewhere called Balah (Josh. 19:3) and Bilhah (1 Chr. 4:29). Now Khurbet Zebalah.

(2.) A city on the northern border of the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:10), called also Kirjath-jearim, q.v. (15:9; 1 Chr. 13:6), now Kuriet-el-Enab, or as some think, ‘Erma.

(3.) A mountain on the north-western boundary of Judah and Dan (Josh. 15:11).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[BAAL, NO. 2]

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A town in the tribe of Simeon, Jos 15:29; 19:3; called also Bilhah, 1Ch 4:29. The same as Kirjathjearim.

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
יָ֙מָּה֙ya.mah west -ward H3220 Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffix
396× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Refers to a large body of water like the Mediterranean Sea or a sea in general, sometimes specifically the west or seaward direction.
Tyndale gloss
(Mt. Ephron in the) West
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָם (yam) means 'sea' and refers to various large bodies of water, including the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas, as well as the Sea of Galilee. It can also denote a mighty river like the Nile and has geographical implications, indicating directions such as west or south. The term is derived from a root meaning to roar, suggesting the noise of breaking surf.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָם 390 n.m. sea

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3220 יָם sea

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3220 yam yawm

from an unused root meaning to roar; a sea (as breaking in

noisy surf) or large body of water; specifically (with the

article), the Mediterranean Sea; sometimes a large river, or

an artifical basin; locally, the west, or (rarely) the

south:--sea (X -faring man, (-shore)), south, west (-ern,

side, -ward).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָם (yam) — sea.

: sea

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — sea: west.

: west

1) sea

1a) Mediterranean Sea

1b) Red Sea

1c) Dead Sea

1d) Sea of Galilee

1e) sea (general)

1f) mighty river (Nile)

1g) the sea (the great basin in the temple court)

1h) seaward, west, westward

יָם (yam) — (Mt. Ephron in the) West.

This name means sea, seaward, westward

Another name of eph.ron (עֶפְרוֹן "(Mount )Ephron" H6085H)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular absolute · suffix
HNcmsa/Sd
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

word: "Ward" and "guard" are two different spellings of the same word, and in consequence no clear line can be drawn between them. English Versions of the Bible, however, has used "guard" only in the sense of "a special body of soldiers" (Ge 37:36, etc.), while "ward" is used, not only in this sense (Jer 37:13; contrast 39:9), but also in a variety of others. So a "ward" may mean "any body of men on special duty," as 1Ch 9:23; the King James Version 1Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24,25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "watch"), or the duty itself, as Isa 21:8;

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ward

A prison (Gen. 40:3, 4); a watch-station (Isa. 21:8); a guard (Neh. 13:30).

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
הַ֣רhar [the] mountain of H2022 Noun common · masculine singular construct
546× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Tyndale gloss
mountain: mount
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country

mountain, hill

hill-country, mountain-region

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2022 har har

a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills

(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X

promotion.

see HEBREW for 02042

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַר (har) — mountain: mount.

: mount/hill

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.

: hill_country

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
שֵׂעִ֔ירse.'Ir Seir H8165 Noun proper
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Seir refers to a mountain in Idumaea and its original inhabitants, with the name meaning hairy or shaggy, as seen in Genesis 32:3 and Deuteronomy 2:1.
Amplified meaning
a mountain in Idumaea, hairy or shaggy
Tyndale gloss
(Mount) Seir
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׂעִיר (Se`iyr) refers to a mountainous region in Edom, south of the Dead Sea, and is associated with its early inhabitants, the Horites. The term can mean 'hairy' or 'shaggy' and also denotes a patriarch of the Horites mentioned in Genesis 36:20. The entries collectively emphasize its geographical and genealogical significance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׂעִיר n.pr. Sē‛ir

terr. land of Edom, S. of Dead Sea

specif. mont. E. of Arabah

gent. = Edom

personif. as m.

mont. in Judah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8165a שֵׂעִיר Sēir H8165b שֵׂעִיר Sēir

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8165 Se`iyr say-eer'

formed like 8163; rough; Seir, a mountain of Idumaea and its

aboriginal occupants, also one in Palestine:--Seir.

see HEBREW for 08163

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׂעִיר (se.ir) — Seir.

§ Seir = "hairy" or "shaggy"

n pr terr

2) the land of Edom, south of the Dead Sea n pr mont

3) a mountain range in Edom extending from the Dead Sea to the Elanitic Gulf

3a) apparently also called 'Mount Seir' and extending most of the distance of the mountain range itself

4) a mountain in northern Judah lying westward from Kirjath-jearim

שֵׂעִיר (se.ir) — Seir.

A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.20;

father of: Lotan (H3877), Shobal (H7732), Zibeon (H6649H), Anah (H6034H), Dishon (H1787), Ezer (H0687), Dishan (H1789), Timna (H8555H)

§ Seir = "hairy" or "shaggy"

patriarch of the Horites, the inhabitants of Edom before the descendants of Esau, the Edomites

שֵׂעִיר (se.ir) — (Mount) Seir.

§ Seir = "hairy" or "shaggy"

patriarch of the Horites, the inhabitants of Edom before the descendants of Esau, the Edomites

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

se'-ir:

(1) (har se'-ir, "Mt. Seir" (Ge 14:6, etc.), 'erets se`-ir (Ge 32:3, etc.); to oros Seeir, ge Seeir): In Ge 32:3 "the land of Seir" is equated with "the field of Edom." The Mount and the Land of Seir are alternative appellations of the mountainous tract which runs along the eastern side of the Arabah, occupied by the descendants of Esau, who succeeded the ancient Horites (Ge 14:6; 36:20), "cave-dwellers," in possession. For a description of the land see EDOM.

(2) (har se`ir; Codex Vaticanus Assar; Codex Alexandrinus Seeir): A landmark on the boundary of Judah (Jos 15:10), not far from Kiriath-jearim and Chesalon.…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Seir

Rough; hairy. (1.) A Horite; one of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:20-30).

(2.) The name of a mountainous region occupied by the Edomites, extending along the eastern side of the Arabah from the south-eastern extremity of the Dead Sea to near the Akabah, or the eastern branch of the Red Sea. It was originally occupied by the Horites (Gen. 14:6), who were afterwards driven out by the Edomites (Gen. 32:3; 33:14, 16). It was allotted to the descendants of Esau (Deut. 2:4, 22; Josh. 24:4; 2 Chr. 20:10; Isa.…

(hairy, Shaggy), We have both "land of Seir," (Genesis 32:3; 36:50) and "Mount Seir." (Genesis 14:6) It is the original name of the mountain range extending along the east side of the valley of Arabah, from the Dead Sea to the Elanitic, Golf. The Horites appear to have been the chief of the aboriginal inhabitants, (Genesis 36:20) but it was ever afterward the possession of the Edomites, the descendants of Esau. The Mount Seir of the: Bible extended much farther south than the modern province, as is shown by the words of (2:1-8) It had the Arabah on the west, vs. 1 and 8; it extended as far south as the head of the Gulf of Akabah, ver. 8; its eastern border ran along the base of the mountain range where the plateau of Arabia…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. A mountain of Judah, near Kirjath-jearim, Jos 15:10.

2. A Horite, one of the primitive rulers of the country south and southeast of the Dead Sea, Ge 36:20 De 2:12.

3. A mountainous tract lying between the southern extremity of the Dead Sea and the eastern gulf of the Red Sea. Mount Hor formed part of Seir, and is the only part that retains its original name. See IDUMEA.

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
וְעָבַ֕רve.'a.Var and it passes on H5674 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
556× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Tyndale gloss
to pass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on

Qal

pass over

Pass beyond

Pass through, traverse

pass along by

pass by

sweep by, of scourge

be past, over, of time

pass along (from hand to hand)

Pass on, go on

Pass away

Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

Pi.

his bull impregnateth

cause one to cross river

cause something to pass over

make over to

devote children to (לְ) heathen god

pass along (from hand to hand)

cause to pass through

let pass through

cause to pass by

let pass by

cause arrow to pass beyond

cause to pass under rod, for counting

cause to pass away, take away

Hiph.

cause to pass over, bring over

he made to pass across with chains of gold

base

[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over

. Pass beyond

. Pass through, traverse

. . pass along by

. pass by

. sweep by, of scourge

. be past, over, of time

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. Pass on, go on

. Pass away

. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river

. cause something to pass over

. make over to

. devote children to (לְ) heathen god

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. . cause to pass through

. let pass through

. . cause to pass by

. let pass by

. cause arrow to pass beyond

. cause to pass under rod, for counting

. cause to pass away, take away

. . cause to pass over, bring over

. he made to pass across with chains of gold

H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5674 `abar aw-bar'

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any

transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,

intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,

through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),

convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,

gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,

in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,

overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)

pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,

through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,

provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,

send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X

speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)

transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be

wrath.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.

1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over

1a2) to pass beyond

1a3) to pass through, traverse

1a3a) passers-through (participle)

1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)

1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by

1a4a) passer-by (participle)

1a4b) to be past, be over

1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance

1a6) to pass away

1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)

1a6b) to vanish

1a6c) to perish, cease to exist

1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)

1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands

1b) (Niphal) to be crossed

1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross

1d) (Hiphil)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
אֶל־'el- to H413 Preposition
5,518× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'to' or 'toward', showing direction or movement. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Exodus, to indicate where someone is going. The KJV translates it in various ways, like 'about', 'according to', or 'against'.
Tyndale gloss
to(wards)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),

prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place

Where the limit is actually entered, into

Of direction towards anything

Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

Of rule or standard according to (rare)

Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place

. Where the limit is actually entered, into

. Of direction towards anything

. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against

. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to

. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of

. Of rule or standard according to (rare)

. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion

. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

413 'el ale

(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});

a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but

occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or

among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,

against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,

by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,

over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,

with(-in).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֶל (el) — to(wards).

1) to, toward, unto (of motion)

2) into (limit is actually entered)

2a) in among

3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)

4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)

5) in addition to, to

6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of

7) according to (rule or standard)

8) at, by, against (of one's presence)

9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
כֶּ֧תֶףKe.tef [the] slope of H3802 Noun common · feminine singular construct
67× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for shoulder describes the upper end of the arm, where garments hang, and is used in Exodus 28:7 to describe the shoulder pieces of the ephod.
Tyndale gloss
shoulder
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כָּתֵף (katheph) means 'shoulder' and can refer to the shoulder-blade, side, or slope of a mountain. It is derived from a root meaning to clothe, indicating the shoulder as the place where garments hang. The term can also describe shoulder-pieces of animals and supports, as well as lateral projections.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּתֵף n.f. shoulder, shoulder-blade, side

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3802 כָּתֵף shoulder, shoulder-blade, side

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3802 katheph kaw-thafe'

from an unused root meaning to clothe; the shoulder (proper,

i.e. upper end of the arm; as being the spot where the

garments hang); figuratively, side-piece or lateral projection

of anything:--arm, corner, shoulder(-piece), side,

undersetter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּתֵף (ka.teph) — shoulder.

1) shoulder, shoulder-blade, side, slope

1a) shoulder, shoulder-blade (of man)

1b) shoulder, shoulder-pieces (of animals)

1c) side, slope (of mountain)

1d) supports (of laver)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular construct
HNcfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
הַר־har- [the] mountain of H2022 Noun common · masculine singular construct
546× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A mountain or hill, sometimes used to describe a spiritual high point. In the Bible, it can refer to a real mountain or a figurative one. The word is often translated as hill or mount.
Tyndale gloss
mountain: mount
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַר (har) means 'mountain' or 'hill,' and can refer to a range of hills or hill-country. It is derived from a root that suggests elevation and can be used figuratively. The entries consistently highlight its geographical connotations without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הַר 568 n.m. mountain, hill, hill-country

mountain, hill

hill-country, mountain-region

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2022 הַר mountain, hill, hill-country

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2022 har har

a shortened form of 2042; a mountain or range of hills

(sometimes used figuratively):--hill (country), mount(-ain), X

promotion.

see HEBREW for 02042

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַר (har) — mountain: mount.

: mount/hill

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

הַר (har) — mountain: hill country.

: hill_country

hill, mountain, hill country, mount

A sub-meaning of har (הַר ": mount" H2022)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
יְעָרִ֛יםye.'a.Rim Jearim H3297 Noun proper
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Jearim was a hill on Judah's northern border, also known as 'forests'.
Amplified meaning
forests, a hill on Judah's northern border
Tyndale gloss
(Mount) Jearim
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְעָרִים (Y`ariym) is a plural form meaning 'forests' and refers specifically to a place called Jearim, located in Palestine. It appears in the context of a hill on the northern boundary of Judah, mentioned in Joshua 15:10. The entries indicate a connection to another name, Chesalon, but do not provide significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יְעָרִים n.pr.mont. only Jos 15:10, NE. of Beth Shemesh

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3297 יְעָרִים

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3297 Y`ariym yeh-aw-reem'

plural of 3293; forests; Jearim, a place in

Palestine:--Jearim. Compare 7157.

see HEBREW for 03293

see HEBREW for 07157

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְעָרִים (ye.a.rim) — (Mount) Jearim.

Jearim = "forests"

a hill on the northern boundary of Judah

Another name of ke.sa.lon (כְּסָלוֹן "Chesalon" H3693)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Jearim

Forests, a mountain on the border of Judah (Josh. 15:10).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(forests), Mount, a place named in specifying the northern boundary of Judah. (Joshua 15:10) The boundary ran from Mount Seir to "the shoulder of Mount Jearim, which is Cesalon" --that is, Cesalon was the landmark on the mountain. Kesla , seven miles due west of Jerusalem, stands on a high point on the north slope of a lofty ridge, which is probably Mount Jearim.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

a leap; woods

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
מִצָּפ֖וֹנָהmi.tza.Fo.nah from north -ward H6828 Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute · suffix
153× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means 'north' and is used to describe a direction or location. In the Bible, it is often translated as 'north' or 'northern side'.
Amplified meaning
north side, Zaphon
Tyndale gloss
Zaphon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָפוֹן (tsaphown) means 'north' and is derived from a root meaning 'hidden' or 'dark.' It is used specifically to refer to the northern direction, often associated with gloominess and the unknown. The term also appears in the context of a name, 'Zaphon,' which similarly denotes the north.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צָפוֹן 153 n.f. north (as the hidden, dark)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6828 צָפוֹן north

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6828 tsaphown tsaw-fone'

or tsaphon {tsaw-fone'}; from 6845; properly, hidden, i.e.

dark; used only of the north as a quarter (gloomy and

unknown):--north(-ern, side, -ward, wind).

see HEBREW for 06845

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — north.

1) north (of direction), northward

1a) north

1b) northward

צָפוֹן (tsa.phon) — Zaphon.

This name means north

Also named: tsa.phon (צָפוֹן "Zaphon" H6829)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute · suffix
HR/Ncfsa/Sd
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

word: "Ward" and "guard" are two different spellings of the same word, and in consequence no clear line can be drawn between them. English Versions of the Bible, however, has used "guard" only in the sense of "a special body of soldiers" (Ge 37:36, etc.), while "ward" is used, not only in this sense (Jer 37:13; contrast 39:9), but also in a variety of others. So a "ward" may mean "any body of men on special duty," as 1Ch 9:23; the King James Version 1Ch 26:16; Ne 12:24,25 (the Revised Version (British and American) "watch"), or the duty itself, as Isa 21:8;

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Ward

A prison (Gen. 40:3, 4); a watch-station (Isa. 21:8); a guard (Neh. 13:30).

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
הִ֣יאhi' that H1931 Pronoun
1,879× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is a pronoun meaning 'he', 'she', or 'it', used to refer to a person or thing. It is used in the Bible to emphasize a subject or make it clear who is being talked about.
Tyndale gloss
he/she/it
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it

an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

It resumes the subj. with emph.

Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

As an emph. predicate, of God

In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)

. It resumes the subj. with emph.

. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible

. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject

. As an emph. predicate, of God

. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)

. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1931 huw' hoo

of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a

primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or

it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also

(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;

sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally

(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),

it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,

this, those, which (is), who.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.

pron 3p s

1) he, she, it

1a) himself (with emphasis)

1b) resuming subj with emphasis

1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)

1d) (anticipating subj)

1e) (emphasising predicate)

1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron

2) that (with article)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Pron — Pronoun
HPp3fs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
כְסָל֑וֹןkhe.sa.Lon [is] Kesalon H3693 Noun proper
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Chesalon was a town in Palestine, about 10 miles west of Jerusalem, and its name means hopes. It was also known as Mount Jearim.
Amplified meaning
hopes, a town in Palestine
Tyndale gloss
Chesalon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּסָלוֹן (kesalon) refers to a location called Chesalon, which is noted as being on the northern border of Judah, approximately 10 miles west of Jerusalem. The name is derived from the root meaning 'fertile' and is associated with the concept of 'hopes.' It appears in Joshua 15:10.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּסָלוֹן n.pr.loc. on border of tribe of Judah Jos 15:10

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3693 כְּסָלוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3693 Kcalown kes-aw-lone'

from 3688; fertile; Kesalon, a place in Palestine:--Chesalon.

see HEBREW for 03688

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּסָלוֹן (ke.sa.lon) — Chesalon.

Chesalon = "hopes"

a town of the northern border of Judah approx 10 miles west of Jerusalem

Also named: ye.a.rim (יְעָרִים "(Mount )Jearim" H3297)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
וְיָרַ֥דve.ya.Rad and it goes down H3381 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
381× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To go down or descend, like going to a lower place or falling. It appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing people and things moving downwards.
Amplified meaning
descended, to a lower place
Tyndale gloss
to go down
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word יָרַד (yarad) means to come or go down, covering various contexts such as descending from mountains, going to battle, or sinking in water. It can also refer to divine manifestations descending or being prostrated. The word has different forms including Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, which indicate various nuances of bringing down or being brought down.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָרַד 380 vb. come or go down, descend

Qal 306

come or go down

go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

from Jerusalem

from altar

go down

= sink, in water

go down to She’ôl

fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

= be prostrated

of divine manifestations: descend

of inanimate things

Hiph.

cause to come or go down

bring down

send down rain = cause to flow down

= lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

bring down to She’ôl

take down (from cart)

let down

Hoph.

be brought down

be taken down

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3381 יָרַד come or go down, descend .. . come or go down

. go down (usu. from mountain or hill-country into plain), to battle

. go down to (acc.) threshing-floor

. go down (abs.) from Palestine to Egypt

. from Jerusalem

. from altar

. go down

. = sink, in water

. go down to She’ôl

. fig. going down (dissolving) in tears

. = be prostrated

. of divine manifestations: descend

. of inanimate things

. . cause to come or go down . bring down

. send down rain = cause to flow down

. = lay prostrate to (acc.) threshing-floor

. bring down to She’ôl

. take down (from cart)

. let down

. . be brought down

. be taken down

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3381 yarad yaw-rad'

a primitive root; to descend (literally, to go downwards; or

conventionally to a lower region, as the shore, a boundary,

the enemy, etc.; or figuratively, to fall); causatively, to

bring down (in all the above applications); -X abundantly,

bring down, carry down, cast down, (cause to) come(-ing) down,

fall (down), get down, go(-ing) down(-ward), hang down, X

indeed, let down, light (down), put down (off), (cause to,

let) run down, sink, subdue, take down.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָרַד (ya.rad) — to go down.

1) to go down, descend, decline, march down, sink down

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come down

1a2) to sink

1a3) to be prostrated

1a4) to come down (of revelation)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to bring down

1b2) to send down

1b3) to take down

1b4) to lay prostrate

1b5) to let down

1c) (Hophal)

1c1) to be brought down

1c2) to be taken down

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
בֵּֽית־beit- Beth H1053 Noun proper
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Beth-shemesh was a town in ancient Palestine, also known as Heliopolis. Its name means house of the sun or sun-temple, and it was an important location in biblical times.
Amplified meaning
house of the sun, a town in ancient Palestine
Tyndale gloss
Heliopolis
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (Beyth Shemesh) means 'house of the sun' and refers to several locations, including towns in Judah, Issachar, and Naphtali, as well as Heliopolis in Egypt. It is built from the words for 'house' and 'sun.' The entries consistently describe it as a sun-temple or related to sun worship.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ n.pr.loc. (sun-temple)

city in SW. Judah

city in Naphtali

city in Issachar

= On-Heliopolis, in Egypt

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1053 בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1053 Beyth Shemesh bayth sheh'-mesh

from 1004 and 8121; house of (the) sun; Beth-Shemesh, a place

in Palestine:--Beth-shemesh.

see HEBREW for 01004

see HEBREW for 08121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in southwest Judah

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Issachar

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Naphtali

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Heliopolis.

Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Egypt

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Beth

Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:

Smith's Bible Dictionary

the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
שֶׁ֖מֶשׁShe.mesh Shemesh H1053 Noun proper
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Beth-shemesh was a town in ancient Palestine, also known as Heliopolis. Its name means house of the sun or sun-temple, and it was an important location in biblical times.
Tyndale gloss
Heliopolis
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (Beyth Shemesh) means 'house of the sun' and refers to several locations, including towns in Judah, Issachar, and Naphtali, as well as Heliopolis in Egypt. It is built from the words for 'house' and 'sun.' The entries consistently describe it as a sun-temple or related to sun worship.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ n.pr.loc. (sun-temple)

city in SW. Judah

city in Naphtali

city in Issachar

= On-Heliopolis, in Egypt

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1053 בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1053 Beyth Shemesh bayth sheh'-mesh

from 1004 and 8121; house of (the) sun; Beth-Shemesh, a place

in Palestine:--Beth-shemesh.

see HEBREW for 01004

see HEBREW for 08121

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in southwest Judah

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Issachar

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.

§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Naphtali

בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Heliopolis.

Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"

a town in Egypt

Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNpl — Noun proper
HNpl
and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
וְעָבַ֥רve.'a.Var and it passes on H5674 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
556× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb can mean to cross over or transition from one thing to another, and is sometimes used to describe being arrogant or crossing a boundary.
Amplified meaning
passed over, transitioned
Tyndale gloss
to pass
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עָבַר (abar) is a versatile verb meaning to pass over, through, or by, and it encompasses a range of actions including crossing, traversing, and alienating. It can also imply causing something to pass or be transferred, as well as emotional states like anger in its Hithpael form. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, though they do not provide specific verse references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָבַר 648 vb. pass over, through, by, pass on

Qal

pass over

Pass beyond

Pass through, traverse

pass along by

pass by

sweep by, of scourge

be past, over, of time

pass along (from hand to hand)

Pass on, go on

Pass away

Niph. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

Pi.

his bull impregnateth

cause one to cross river

cause something to pass over

make over to

devote children to (לְ) heathen god

pass along (from hand to hand)

cause to pass through

let pass through

cause to pass by

let pass by

cause arrow to pass beyond

cause to pass under rod, for counting

cause to pass away, take away

Hiph.

cause to pass over, bring over

he made to pass across with chains of gold

base

[עָבַר] vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5674a עָבַר pass over, through, by, pass on .. pass over

. Pass beyond

. Pass through, traverse

. . pass along by

. pass by

. sweep by, of scourge

. be past, over, of time

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. Pass on, go on

. Pass away

. Impf. a stream which cannot be forded

. . his bull impregnateth . cause one to cross river

. cause something to pass over

. make over to

. devote children to (לְ) heathen god

. pass along (from hand to hand)

. . cause to pass through

. let pass through

. . cause to pass by

. let pass by

. cause arrow to pass beyond

. cause to pass under rod, for counting

. cause to pass away, take away

. . cause to pass over, bring over

. he made to pass across with chains of gold

H5674b עָבַר vb. denom. Hithp. be arrogant, infuriate oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5674 `abar aw-bar'

a primitive root; to cross over; used very widely of any

transition (literal or figurative; transitive, intransitive,

intensive, causative); specifically, to cover (in

copulation):--alienate, alter, X at all, beyond, bring (over,

through), carry over, (over-)come (on, over), conduct (over),

convey over, current, deliver, do away, enter, escape, fail,

gender, get over, (make) go (away, beyond, by, forth, his way,

in, on, over, through), have away (more), lay, meddle,

overrun, make partition, (cause to, give, make to, over)

pass(-age, along, away, beyond, by, -enger, on, out, over,

through), (cause to, make) + proclaim(-amation), perish,

provoke to anger, put away, rage, + raiser of taxes, remove,

send over, set apart, + shave, cause to (make) sound, X

speedily, X sweet smelling, take (away), (make to)

transgress(-or), translate, turn away, (way-)faring man, be

wrath.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָבַר (a.var) — to pass.

1) to pass over or by or through, alienate, bring, carry, do away, take, take away, transgress

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to pass over, cross, cross over, pass over, march over, overflow, go over

1a2) to pass beyond

1a3) to pass through, traverse

1a3a) passers-through (participle)

1a3b) to pass through (the parts of victim in covenant)

1a4) to pass along, pass by, overtake and pass, sweep by

1a4a) passer-by (participle)

1a4b) to be past, be over

1a5) to pass on, go on, pass on before, go in advance of, pass along, travel, advance

1a6) to pass away

1a6a) to emigrate, leave (one's territory)

1a6b) to vanish

1a6c) to perish, cease to exist

1a6d) to become invalid, become obsolete (of law, decree)

1a6e) to be alienated, pass into other hands

1b) (Niphal) to be crossed

1c) (Piel) to impregnate, cause to cross

1d) (Hiphil)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Perf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

On

Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See HELIOPOLIS.

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

pain; force; iniquity

and it turns the border from Baalah west -ward to [the] mountain of Seir and it passes on to [the] slope of [the] mountain of Jearim from north -ward that [is] Kesalon and it goes down Beth Shemesh and it passes on Timnah
תִּמְנָֽה׃tim.Nah Timnah H8553 Noun proper
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Timnah is a place in Palestine, mentioned in the Bible as a town in the hill country of Judah, meaning portion. It appears in the book of Joshua and Judges.
Amplified meaning
portion, a town in the hill country of Judah
Tyndale gloss
Timnah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תִּמְנָה (timnah) refers to a location in the hill country of Judah and on its border, likely meaning 'portion' or 'territory.' It is identified as the name of two places in Palestine, also known as Timnath or Thimnathah. The entries consistently describe its geographical significance without notable disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תִּמְנָה, תִּמְנָ֫תָה n.pr.loc. (prob. = portion, territory)

place in hill-country of Judah

place on border of Judah

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8553 תִּמְנָה, תִּמְנָ֫תָה . place in hill-country of Judah

. place on border of Judah

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8553 Timnah tim-naw'

from 4487; a portion assigned; Timnah, the name of two places

in Palestine:--Timnah, Timnath, Thimnathah.

see HEBREW for 04487

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תִּמְנָה (tim.nah) — Timnah.

§ Timnath or Timnah or Thimnathah = "portion"

a town on the northern boundary of Judah later assigned to Dan

תִּמְנָה (tim.nah) — Timnah.

§ Timnath or Timnah or Thimnathah = "portion"

a town in the hill country of Judah

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpl
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

tim'-na (timnah, timnathah (Jos 19:43; Jud 14:1,2,5), "allotted portion; Codex Vaticanus Thamnatha; also several Greek variations; King James Version has Timnath in Ge 38:12,13,14; Jud 14:1,2,5; and Thimnathah in Jos 19:43):

(1) A town in the southern part of the hill country of Judah (Jos 15:57). Tibna proposed by Conder, a ruin 8 miles West of Bethlehem, seems too far N. (PEF, III, 53, Sh XVII). It is possible this may be the "Timnah" of Ge 38:12,13,14.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Timnah

A portion. (1.) A town of Judah (Josh. 15:10). The Philistines took possession of it in the days of Ahaz (2 Chr. 28:18). It was about 20 miles west of Jerusalem. It has been identified with Timnatha of Dan (Josh. 19:43), and also with Timnath (Judg. 14:1,5).

(2.) A city in the mountains of Judah (Josh.15:57)= Tibna near Jeba’.

(3.) A “duke” or sheik of Edom (Gen. 36:40).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(portion). A place which formed one of the landmarks on the north boundary of the allotment of Judah. (Joshua 15:10) It is probably identical with the Thimnathah of (Joshua 19:43) and that again with the Timnath, or, more accurately, Timnathah, of Samson (Judges 14:1,2,5) and the Thamnatha of the Maccabees. The modern representative of all these various forms of the same name is probably Tibneh, a village about two miles west of Ain Shems (Beth-shemesh). In the later history of the Jews, Timnah must have been a conspicuous place. It was fortified by Bacchides as one of the most important military posts of Judea. 1 Macc. 9:50. A town in the mountain district of Judah. (Joshua…

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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